• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A single reactor is used for gasifying solid fuels of a wide range of particle sizes without first comminuting the particles to a common size. The larger particles are gasified on a fixed bed, and the smaller ones are gasified on a fluidized bed. In the reactor, the fluidized bed is arranged above the fixed bed and gases rising from the fixed bed help to fluidize the fluidized bed. In addition, a dust gasification region can be provided above the fluidized bed.
    公开号:SU959632A3
    申请号:SU772518659
    申请日:1977-09-07
    公开日:1982-09-15
    发明作者:Флеш Вильхельм；Брахтхойзер Карл-Хайнц；Кайманн Вальтер
    申请人:Проектирунг Хемише Ферфаренстехник Гмбх (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    tangent to these two zones 1L. However, the implementation of this method requires the preliminary grinding of nausea containing a lumpy fraction, which complicates and increases the cost of the process, or the preliminary separation of the lump fraction. A disadvantage of the known method is also incomplete gasification, since the resulting reducing gas is introduced into the upper zone and the dust-gas stream (a mixture of gas and semi-coke) is fed to it and sent for purification and separation. A known method of producing combustible gases from solid fuel containing lumpy and small-scale fuel, including the separation of fuels into large and small fractions, the separate supply of fractions to two zones, the supply of gasification agents to the indicated zones and the gasification of a large fraction of fuel in the stationary zone and the fines fraction - with a vortex layer 2. A device for carrying out this method is known, comprising a vertical housing divided by a vertical partition into the central and peripheral zones, means for charging small and large fractions connected to the upper part of the housing, means for supplying gasification agents, connected to the side walls of the housing, and means for removing gases and ash, respectively, connected to the upper and lower parts of housing 2. The disadvantages of the known method are that the fuel ed & Input house in an oven to be classified on the small and large fractions, which complicates the process N is generated in the gasification protses.se nerazlozhiv- schias gases contain hydrocarbons, which reduces the yield of the desired products (carbon monoxide and hydrogen). The chain of the invention is the production of combustible gases from solid fuels without prior to its classification into particles of various sizes and an increase in the yield of gases. This goal is achieved by the fact that, according to the method of gasification of solid fuel with different grain size, consisting of coarse, granular and pulverized fuel, including the treatment of fuel with gas-setting agents in a radiation chamber, in which a large top-hole zone is created in the stationary the layer and the gasification zone of the pulverized fuel, in the reaction chamber, create located one above the other the lower zone of gasification of large fuel in a fixed bed, the middle zone of gasification of granular fuel in bales present a top layer and a pulverized fuel gasification zone, the gasification agent is introduced and a lower zone and sredryuyu. In addition, a gasifying agent is introduced into the upper gasification zone of the pulverized fuel; liquid and / ip are additionally introduced into the reaction chamber. gaseous top gasifier dust is additionally introduced into the reaction chamber; additional fuel is introduced together with gasifying agents. The goal is achieved in such a way that, in a device for carrying out the process, comprising a reaction chamber and means connected to it for loading fuel, supplying gasifying agents and discharging combustible gases and ashes, means for supplying hydrifying agents are connected to the lower and middle parts of the reaction chamber and the fuel loading means is connected to the middle of the chamber. In addition, a rotating grate is installed at the bottom of the chamber. . The device is equipped with means of dp cooling located in the lower and / or in the upper part of the reaction chamber. The middle part of the chamber is made upwardly extending towards the top with a transverse gauge. The device further comprises in the upper part of the chamber an insert of tubular shape and nozzles located in the upper part of the insert and directed inward. The insert is equipped with a cooling device. Cooling device inserts connected to the nozzles. The proposed gasification in a fixed or almost fixed bed and gasification in a fluidized bed provides significant advantages compared with the known methods. Combustible materials lumpy and granular can be used, as well as dust-like, indirectly, without prior classifications. In addition, the reliability of gasification, in a fluidized bed or gasification of 11 RISs, is increased, since, due to the separate method of gasification in a fixed bed, there are added additional reserves of fuel in the overall process. The proposed method is particularly effective. It is active in the gasification of lump bitumen: Dense brown and stone coals. The fixed-bed front products are split by the i; a surface of the rear ibiit is part of the combustible material, and gas is distributed equally (Krekin1 nsk; those) in the BbikofliBT reactor only; the desired product gas and ash containing fine residues after gasification. Therefore, along with ... solid, combustible substances in peak ion space. Gaseous and / or liquid combustible substances, such as Maepau, can also be injected: residues of masy sulfur and so forth, and then be gasified there. The temperature of the process of the process can be reduced to a lower temperature if, instead of gas synthesis, a fuel gas should be generated; Fuel BeiitecTBo in the process. It is fed to the gasification zone in the boiling chamber. Pieces of combustible material are supplied to a non-mobile gasification system, and they are found in a gas cup in a countercurrent blown in by a gas supply agent, so that, as a granular part, it is gasified in a fluidized bed. layer depends on the proportion of bulk material in the whole combustible material. By selecting quantitative ratios and mixing ratios of the gasifying medium. For the base layer can be affected process in this layer and control it .., .. -: Formed in a fixed bed, Gasification and waste removal products replace part of the gasification and fluidization means that are blown directly into the fluidized bed. Preferably, in addition to solid fuel the reaction space to supply a dust-like combustible substance to each of the three gasification supplies. An additional combustible substance is introduced into the process, in particular, with a means for gasification. In the case of a dusty combustible, this is, for example, dust produced by other processes and pi powder material obtained during the process itself, for example separated, in a cyclone. This also applies to additional liquid gases and gaseous combustibles. The proposed method can be used in the Schaefer with a continuous supply of combustible substances, in addition, in the process with the supply of combustible substances completely Or partially periodically. This applies to both combustible substances forming the main feed material and combustible substances introduced in addition to ociaoBHOMy. . The method can be carried out both at normal and at an initial pressure in the reaction space. This depends on the requirements of the product gas. Device To make a pre-. The iron method is a chamber that has a fixed bed gasification zone in the lower part with at least one Supply of gasification means (and a gasification zone in the fluidized bed above it with at least one supply of gasification and / or transfer means. In addition, A zone of dust gasification may be provided above the gasification zone in a fluidized bed. The gasification zone in a fixed junction has the shape of a shaft j and, in particular, can be performed as a rotating grating generator or generator with a terminal and can be removed bridging, for example, cooling jacket and pi etc. (which is necessary for gasification under pressure) .. V In the gasification zone of dust, the cooling jacket is predominantly attached to the heat-recovery boiler. The gas from the total process gives a large amount of heat to this cooling device. and exothermic means for gasification in the process at the vessel, corresponding inputs, nozzles, OR etc., are provided, and the number of inputs depends on the size of the reactor. - Relating to one gasification zone, inputs are located at different heights. Lugs lying at the same height, or the like. Exit t from one ring pipe running around the vessel. FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a vertical section ;, FIG. 2 the same, option with a cylindrical insert. The device contains a reaction chamber, which in the lower part forms a zone of gasification in a fixed bed, in the part lying above it, zone 2 of gasification in a boiling gas and in the upper part, zone 3 of gasification | pypi. The gasification zone 1 in a stationary or almost immobile zone has the shape of a shaft and is equipped with a rotating spiral grille 4, to which the Dinen subway has a 5 dp pipe for supplying the gasifying agent and water vapor / ish (depending on the process or gas produced). To remove the residues from the gasification from the gasification zone 1 in a fixed position, a slotted chamber 6 of a known type is connected to the lower part of the chamber. The lower part of the chamber, on its part of its height, is provided with a water jacket 7, which, through pipelines 8 and 9, is connected with a waste heat recovery system. la known type, not shown. In the gasification zone 2, which is connected to the gasification zone 1 in the fixed bed, the gasification zone 2 in the fluidized bed is provided with an input (opening) H for the input of the fuel to be processed. The device for loading the beer topg has a transport puppy 11 and is located at the lower end of the receiving tank 12 for fuel, equipped with gateways 13 of a known type. Instead of transporting auger, another device can be provided for fuel loading, for example, a stream, a vibrating conveyor or the like. Under the apertures 1O for introducing fuel at different heights, there are several annularly distributed around the circumference the inlets 14 for the gas supplying means (for example, air, oxygen, water vapor). The part of the chamber in which the zone 2 for gasification in a fluidized bed is located has an expanding upward, in particular, a conical taste. Cross section. The shape as well as the upper and lower cross sections of the ends of this part are selected in this way. What . granular fuel with a given range of grain sizes is held in a fluidized state under the influence of the supplied medium D for gasification, as well as gases leaving the gasification zone 1 1 in a fixed bed. Pipelines 15 for supplying gasification agents located at different heights in the form of rings with nozzles are connected to the gasification zone 3 of Pygsh. In the upper part of the 3 dp gasification zone in the gasification chamber connecting pipe 16, a cooling jacket 17 is provided, which through pipes 18 and 19 is connected to the waste heat recovery system. From pipe 16, all gas generated in the gasification chamber is discharged through pipe 2O. The cooling jacket may extend downward, as indicated by the dot-dash line. The gasification chamber is closed and is designed in such a way that gas can be generated at an elevated internal pressure, operation without pressure is also possible (in this case, shots 6 and 13 can be replaced by other devices). Pipe 21 is connected to the lower gasification zone 1 in a fixed manner. According to another embodiment of the device (see FIG. 2), the pipe 16, contains. There is a heat exchanger, for example, a coil or a superheater 22 with an inlet 23 of steam and an inlet 24 of steam, with which the product gas going to the pipe 20 is cooled. Steam leaving the superheater may be used in other units / gas generator sets, as well as outside it. - In the gasification zone of dust 3, an insert 26 in the form of a shaft or a pipe is installed with the aid of supporting elements 25 and is positioned in this way; which results in a centrally located inner passage 27 and outer passage 28 having, for example, a ring-shaped cross section. In the area of the upper end of the insert 26, a system of nozzles 29 is provided, to which a gaseous medium flows through a pipe 15, whose openings or mouth are turned mainly down and located in the inner part 27 of the insert 26 so that they act like an injector. Oxygen and / or steam are introduced into the nozzles 29, however, it is possible to introduce another gas, such as the generated product gas, together with those separated in a cyclone or the like. installation by particles. In addition to the feed nozzle 29 of the pipeline in the region of zone 3, pipelines directly entering this zone may also be provided for gasification means. The insert 26 is expediently carried out with cooling, for example, according to the type of cooling jacket, to which water, for example, is supplied from below through conduit 30, leaving the insert at the upper end of the pipe 31, for example, in the form of steam. The coolant inlet pipe passes through the support
    element 25 or formed by him. The refrigerant piping can be all the existing support elements, which self-cool.
    The cooling medium may transfer from the pipeline. 30 or more such pipelines to the cooling tower or to the cooling system of the mounting 26 and then from the upper end of the system through the system shown in FIG. 2 by dash-dotted lines connecting pipe 32 to the nozzles 29.
    The method of gasification of solid fuel with different grain size is carried out as follows.
    Screw 11 from the tank 12 through the holes 10 in the zone of the fluidized bed is introduced coal containing cousins, grains and drink. The piecewise portion of the coal falls into zone 1 with a fixed station, where it is gasified in a countercurrent by blowing through pipe 5 under the rotating grate 4 by means of gasification. The volume of gasification in the fixed bed depends on the proportion of lump coal in the total amount of combustible material. With the help of quantitative ratios and ratios of the mixture of means for gasification, they influence the process of gasification and control it.
    In zone 2; the fluidized bed, the granular part is directly gasified into this hot zone of the combustible substance, and the dust-like part of the combustible substance rises into the dust gasification zone 3 and is gasified there.
    The gasification and gas supply products formed in the fixed-bed zone 1 enter the fluidized bed and there act as a means of transport and gasification together with gasification means introduced through the side nozzles or pipes 14 directly into the fluidized bed. At the same time, the existing Sulfur Products are decomposed in the hot fluidized bed, thereby simplifying gas cleaning.
    The advantage of the method is that it is easy to gasify the sintering coals, since the coal gets older and becomes more lean when it enters the fluidized bed. .
    Along with solid flammable substances, which form the main part of the material for the process, gaseous and liquid or dusty substances, or inert solid substances for gasification can also be introduced together with the existing substances, with gasification in the chamber; appropriate
    eyeliner means, e.g. nozzles or the like, for their introduction.
    A conduit 21 connected to the lower gasification zone 1 in the fixed bed, in addition to the solid combustible material supplied to the generator through the inlet 10, forming the main source of the material for the process, may contain another combustible substance, such as coal dust, in particular gasification. There may be several such supply lines.
    Additional combustible substance (gaseous, liquid, psevidny or in another form) can also be introduced into zone 2 of gasification in a fluidized bed, and also in zone 3 of gasification of dust, for example, some or All supply pipelines 14 and 15 .
    The remains after gasification from a zone 1 C motionless; layer, are output together with the residues after gasification from zone 2 of the fluidized bed at the lower end of the chamber through the gateway 6 or if another suitable device.
    When implementing the method, the device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, due to the injection of gasification means and / or other gas through nozzles 29 in the gasification zone of dust 3, a circulation flow of gasification material in this zone - recycle-flow is generated, and material from the upper part of zone 3 is fed through the inner part 27 of the insert 26 down and after exiting the insert 26 into the outer space 28 again rises up. Thus, it is achieved: a favorable increase in the residence time of the material in this zone. Due to this: the gasification of carbon-containing dust particles is intensified and complete decomposition of the volatile constituents not gasified in other zones is achieved. In addition, dust particles from the upper part of zone 3 under the action of the BHyt rendered part-27 blown through the nozzles 29 through the insert 26 are again inserted into the zone 2 of the fluidized bed, where they agglomerate with other particles into heavier particles, precipitate and contaminated exhaust gas product.
    Otherwise, the operation of the device according to FIG. 2 is similar to the operation of the generator of FIG. 1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    Depending on the need and type of gasifiable fuel, the device can be made with deviations from the ones shown in FIG. 1 and 2 are rianthr versions, as well as without a gazifikiyaii zone and a puff. In this generator, the torus has only an anuna of gasification in a stationary CRoe and a gasification zone in a boiled Clyu. The generated gas can be discharged from the dips over the boiling gasification zone in an analogous manner. , /. ,, -; -, -. Depending on the type of gasifying agent (for example, air, oxygen CQj, water vapor) and their quantitative ratios and ratio of the mixture, the process can be influenced in the desired way. This can be done both as fuel gas tick and syntez gas. In the overall process, chemical reactions take place, which in the non-movable layer of ALA gas is carried out more or less differently than in the zones above it in the boiling water. layer and gasification of dust, C + CO (burning G to CO) J C + O CO (burning G to do); G + 2CO (stabilized CO) C + GO + H (wave formation, gas)}, GO + GO-j + H (equilibrium in the bottom vapor). EXAMPLE A generator with a pierce cross-section of a mine of 8.5 m and a height of 27 m is uninterrupted into the fluidized bed zone and coal with a particle size from 0 to 60 mm. Sieve analysis of coal:. mm %:. 15 1-4ЗО 4-815 8 4О GoCTBB уЛШ,%: Water4.11 Zola12.48 Volatile .38.16 G. $ HKC.42.25 The net calorific value of coal 64OO kkap / kg. Gas output 2OOOO nm / m shaft (when working without pressure). The composition of the resulting gas,%:. GO, 14.8 GO., 41.0 HO.39.0 GH42.0 Na / L2.0 Has. i2 Consumption: Od - 512O MV4, par 357O kg / h, coal 10,000 kg / h. 9 va 212 ha; si4ikatsi in a fixed bed: 420 Oj, 1270 kg / h. couple. Gasification in a boiling chamber of 3 500 200 kg / h of steam. Gazi (1 dust dust: 120 ° O, 300 kg / h of steam,. Temperature in the zone of 1 900G (seats are higher); in the net 2 - 95 ° G (in some places), in zone 3 - 1050 ° G (in some places) .. The efficiency of gasification is 71%. The thermal coefficient of efficiency is 81%. By increasing the temperature in the fluidized bed and / or gasification zone in the gasification zone, as well as by preheating the route gas, it is possible to significantly reduce the content of this cooling. in the upper part of the chamber, as shown by dash-dotted pinii. Formula 1. In. gasification of solid fuel with the distribution of grain grains, consisting of coarse, granular and pulverized fuels, including the treatment of fuel with gas-extracting agents in the reaction KaiMepe, in which they create a gas-free zone of the large-scale fuel in the fixed layer and a gas-flow zone with a gas tank, and a zone of gas-rich fuel in the fixed layer and a zone of gas-powered dust and gas, and a zone of gas-rich fuel in the fixed layer and a zone of gas-powered pulverized gas. And with the fact that, with a simplified npottecca chain, by eliminating the preliminary classification of fuel and increasing the yield of gases, in the reaction chamber will create a lower zone of gas discharge located above the other. fuel in a fixed bed fuel gasification zone sreDy.yuyu graininess in the fluidized bed zone and an upper dust gasification / fuel prominent ;, gasifying agent is introduced into the lower and middle zones. 2. Gnoco6 p. P. 1, which also distinguishes with TeMj that gas-fed agents are introduced into the upper zone of the gasification of the fuel. 3.Gnoco6 on PP. 1 and 2, which implies the addition of liquid and / or gaseous fuels to the reaction chamber. 4. Method according to paragraphs. 1-g3, characterized in that pulverized tbniTOBo is additionally introduced into the reaction chamber. . 5.Gnoc; o6 on PP. 3 and 4, that is, with the fact that additional toppivo is administered together with gasifying agents. 6. Device for implementing the method according to claims. 1-5, comprising a reaction chamber and means for charging fuel supplying gasifying agents and withdrawing combustible gases and gases obtained therefrom, characterized in that means dp for supplying gasification agents are connected to the lower and middle parts of the reaction chamber and means for loading fuel is connected to the middle of the chamber. 7. The device according to claim 6, which is in such a way that a rotating grate is installed in the lower part of the chamber. 8. Device on PP. 6 and 7, in which it is provided with means for cooling, located in the lower and / or in the upper part of the reaction chamber. 9. The device according to paragraphs. 6-8, about tl and -. This is so that the middle part of the chamber is made with an inner cross-section that extends over the body. 10. Device on PP. 6-9, characterized in that it further comprises in the upper part of the chamber an insert of tubular shape and nozzles located in the upper part of the insert and directed inwards. 11.- The device according to claim 10, of which the insert is equipped with a cooling device, 12. The device according to claim 11, about tons of and. so that the cooling device of the insert is connected to the nozzles ... Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 95542, cl. From 10J 3/56, 1950.
    [2]
    2.Abtorskoy certificate of the USSR № 50834, Kit C 10J 3/20, 1935 (prototype).
    23
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2836777A|1979-03-08|
    FR2363620B1|1984-12-14|
    ES462161A1|1978-10-01|
    US4146369A|1979-03-27|
    JPS6027716B2|1985-07-01|
    DE2640180B2|1980-10-23|
    ZA775313B|1978-07-26|
    FR2363620A1|1978-03-31|
    IT1086023B|1985-05-28|
    AU510173B2|1980-06-12|
    CA1085617A|1980-09-16|
    ATA630177A|1984-04-15|
    GB1571451A|1980-07-16|
    TR19552A|1979-07-01|
    CS202583B2|1981-01-30|
    PL110997B1|1980-08-30|
    PL200680A1|1978-04-24|
    NL7709794A|1978-03-09|
    BR7705916A|1979-04-03|
    AT376445B|1984-11-26|
    BE858429A|1978-01-02|
    DE2640180A1|1978-03-16|
    JPS5333203A|1978-03-29|
    DE2640180C3|1985-01-24|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE2640180A|DE2640180C3|1976-09-07|1976-09-07|
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