• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1520825 Thermal cracking apparatus KUREHA KAGAKU KOGYO KK 22 Oct 1976 [22 Oct 1975] 44082/76 Heading C5E A reactor for the thermal cracking of heavy oil comprising a vessel 1 is fitted with at least one fluid injection pipe 4 extending into the vessel and spaced from the inner wall of the vessel, the pipe 4 has a plurality of nozzles 3 extending along its length for directing, during a decoking operation, streams of preheated uncracked heavy oil from conduit 11 against the inner wall of the vessel to scrub coke, deposited during a previous cracking operation, off the wall; a conduit 10 is provided for feeding an inert fluid through the pipe 4 to prevent clogging of the nozzles 3 during the thermal cracking. A vacuum residue of a crude oil is preheated to 490‹ C. and charged into the vessel 1 in which it is further heated by steam blown from the bottom of the vessel at 700‹ C. The thermal cracking is allowed to proceed, e.g. at 425‹ C. for 2 hours, while steam or nitrogen is blown through the pipe 4 at 350‹ C. The product pitch is then withdrawn and preheated heavy oil at 300-350‹ C. is injected through the pipe 4, which is rotated at 4 r.p.m., for 15 seconds to scrub coke from the walls of the vessel 1. The injected oil and scrubbed coke are left in the vessel during recharging with preheated heavy oil.
    公开号:SU895293A3
    申请号:SU762416107
    申请日:1976-10-22
    公开日:1981-12-30
    发明作者:Хозума Хироси；Овада Хисатоси；Томизава Масахару；Санада Сейки；Кикучи Хидео
    申请人:Куреха Кагаку Когио Кабусики Кайся (Фирма)；Чиеда Кемикал Инджиниринг Энд Констракшн Ко.,Лтд (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    one
    This invention relates to a method for thermally cracking heavy oils and a device for carrying it out.
    The method of thermal cracking of heavy oils is known, including loading the preheated feedstock into the reactor, thermally cracking the oil under contact with an inert medium, removing the thermal cracking product from the reactor, removing the coke deposited on the reactor wall, and then feeding the preheated feedstock.
    A device for thermal cracking of heavy oils is known, which includes a reaction chamber, pipes for the entry of raw materials, inert srydy and removal of the cracking product.
    The removal of coke from the inner walls of the reaction columns for the thermal cracking of heavy oils, such as asphalt, coal pitch and crude oil, is one of the problems of continuous and batch processes that need to be solved. When the size of the coke layer reaches a value that prevents the normal course of the process, the process is usually stopped and after cooling for some period the coke is scraped from the walls of the columns mechanically or with water jets f 1,
    The disadvantage of this method and
    10 of the device consists in decreasing the productivity due to the termination of the cracking process and the subsequent removal of the coke layer from the reactor walls.
    J5 The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity by combining raw material loading operations and removing coke from the reactor walls and reducing coke deposition on the reactor walls.
    20 This goal is achieved by the method of thermal cracking of heavy oils, including loading the preheated feedstock into the reactor, thermally cracking the oil upon contact with an inert medium, removing
    38952934
    from the reactor of the product of a thermal venting drive, cracking, removal of coke, setting aside, for example, an electric motor mounted on the reactor wall and sig- nated over chamber 1, and has a preheating drive shaft connected to the raw material pipe 2, removing coke, deferred-5 through-reducer. The number of nozzles 3 hangs on the walls of the reactor, is carried out by feeding the raw material through a rotating pipe with nozzles along the walls of the reactor, and the inert medium is injected through the specified pipe during thermal cracking. The preheated raw material is fed into a rotating pipe under a pressure of 15-30 kg / cm. The specified pipe rotate with a speed of 10-100 mm / s A device comprising a reaction chamber, pipes for introducing raw materials, an inert medium and withdrawing a cracking product is provided with a rotating pipe with nozzles located inside the reaction chamber along its wall and connected to the pipes for introducing raw materials and an inert medium by means of switching means. The nozzles are located on the pipe at an angle of + 5 ° relative to its axis. The switching means is made in the form of a multi-way valve. FIG. 1 shows a device for cracking heavy oils, provided with a rotating pipe for removing coke, a longitudinal section; 2 a pipe with jet nozzles on its walls, a section. The device contains a reaction chamber (reactor) 1 for the thermal cracking of heavy oils. The reaction of camera 1 itself is of a conventional design and is therefore not considered in detail here for the sake of simplicity in the presentation of the material. The reaction chamber 1 is equipped with an injection rotating tube 2 with nozzles (nozzles 3 for removing coke according to the proposed method, the tube 2 enters the reaction chamber 1 through an opening in its upper part. Pipe 2, located in chamber 1 at some distance from its inner walls including a transitional elbow, has a set of jet nozzles 3 in its walls open towards the inner reactor wall, preferably at an angle, as shown in Fig. 2. The pipe 2 slowly rotates along the axis of the gauge 1 and for some distance nii from in its inner walls are adjusted to the pressure, the amount of material injected, the injection time and the nozzle diameter. The upper end of the injection pipe 2 is connected to pipelines 5 and 6 to introduce raw materials and an inert medium through a switch 7, for example a multi-way valve that connects pipe 2 either with pipeline 5 or pipeline 6. during the process of thermal cracking of heavy oils, a stream of material that is inert in a thermal reaction, for example, gaseous nitrogen or steam, is fed into the injection pipe 2 through pipeline 5 and in projected onto the injector through 3 to prevent their plugging material obrazuyuschims cracking process. Until the thermal cracking is completed, the injection tube 2 can be kept stationary without rotation along the inner walls of the reaction chamber 1. At the end of the thermal cracking and unloading of material from the reaction chamber 1, the injection pipe 2 is connected to pipeline 6 via switch 7 and a portion of heavy oil is fed under pressure for the next feed. From the injection pipe 2, feedstock is introduced through nozzles 3 into the chamber while rotating the tube inside chamber 1 to remove coke formed on the inner walls of chamber 1 during the preceding cracking process. A portion of the feedstock entering the thermal cracking is introduced and injected through the injection pipe 2 as a cleaning fluid. At the end of the coke removal operation, the remaining feedstock is introduced into chamber 1 in the usual way, while the injected heavy oil remains in the cube along with the coke removed. Therefore, the need to install additional equipment to treat waste cleaning fluid is eliminated and the whole process is greatly simplified. It is confirmed that the coke remaining in the cube of the reaction chamber is less than 0.1 wt.%, So that it practically does not degrade the quality of the final product ( pitch). In order to improve the heat balance, it is preferable that the injected heavy oil is preheated to a temperature ranging from 300 to 350 ° C. Preheating to temperatures above 350 is undesirable, as this may cause the formation of coke in the injection pipe itself. The efficiency of the coke removal process can be improved if the injection pipe 2 is moved up and down by rotating it slowly along the inner walls of the reaction chamber 1. This can be accomplished with the help of known devices mechanically moving the pipe 2 in the axial direction. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawing, a separate injection pipe 2 is presented, however, a plurality of similar injection tubes can be arranged at appropriate intervals along the inner walls of the peripheral part of the reaction chamber, especially when using a large-diameter reactor. The shape and number of injection tubes is therefore determined, depending on the shape and size of the reaction chamber. Example. After preheating to 9 PS, the vacuum residue obtained after refining Khafji crude oil is loaded at a rate of 300 kg / h into the reactor shown in FIG. 1, with a diameter of 600 mm and a height of 5000 mm. To protect against thermal shock, 60 kg of the residue of the same oil heated to 300 ° C is preloaded into the reactor. Steam is fed through the reactor at a rate of 120 Kg / h to ensure that the process of thermal cracking proceeds under the conditions of removal of gaseous decomposition products through the exhaust pipe in the upper part of the reactor. The temperature of the raw material loaded into the reactor is maintained at 425 C. Thermal cracking is carried out for 2 hours from the moment of loading. The decomposition product (pitch) removed from the reactor is continuously and completely cooled. Repeat the same production cycle, using as a pre-load 60 kg of preheated raw material to protect against thermal shocks. The thermal cracking process described above was carried out for 200 hours, during which time coke was deposited on the inner walls of the reactor and formed a layer with a thickness of 81 mm, which prevents the cracking process from proceeding normally. The same semi-continuous cracking process is carried out using a rotary injector to remove coke according to the method, which has 18 nozzles with a diameter of 2.5 mm in the walls of the injection pipe, located at an angle tS, as shown in Fig.2. In the cracking process, steam is blown through the injection nozzles at a temperature of 60 kg / h to prevent the nozzles from becoming blocked. As soon as the cracking process is completed, the molten pitch is removed from the bottom of the reactor and simultaneously rotates the injection tube at a speed of r / min and feedstock preheated to 300 ° C is fed for 15 seconds under a pressure of 18 kg / cm , to remove deposited coke from the walls of the reactor The raw materials used for cleaning are left in the system as a preload, preventing them from thermal shock. The cracking process described above is carried out for 200 hours, as a result of which the thickness of the coke layer deposited on the walls of the reactor is less than 5 mm, which confirms the high efficiency of using a rotary injector to remove coke. The proposed invention can make a significant contribution to solving the problem of rationalizing the production processes of the binding pitch by thermal cracking of heavy oils, in which one of the most important issues is related to the removal of coke. Solving the problem of coke removal is of great industrial importance from the point of view of increasing demand for the binding pitch due to the absence of coking coals used in the production of coke for cracking blown furnaces. Refined oil products can be easily desulfurized using well-known desulphurisation methods and used as various types of liquid fuels.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. The method of thermal cracking of heavy oils, including loading preheated raw material into the reactor, thermal cracking the oil upon contacting it with an inert medium, removing the thermal cracking product from the reactor, removing the coke deposited on the reactor wall, and then feeding the preheated raw material different the fact that, in order to increase productivity by combining the operations of loading the raw material and removing coke from the walls of the reactor and reducing the deposition of coke on the walls of the reactor. vshegos stacks on the reactor is carried out by rotating through the feed tube with the nozzles located along the walls of the reactor, and the inert medium in the thermal cracking process is introduced through said pipe.
    [2]
    2 .. The method according to claim 1, in which the pre-heated raw material is fed into the rotating
     2
    pipe under pressure of 15-30 kg / cm,
    [3]
    3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said tube is rotated at a speed of 10-100 mm / s.
    [4]
    4. A device for thermal cracking of heavy oils, including a reaction chamber, pipes for introducing raw materials, an inert medium and withdrawing cracks product, characterized in that it is equipped with a rotating pipe with nozzles located inside the reactor along its wall and connected to pipes for inlet raw materials and inert environment by means of switching means.
    [5]
    5. The device according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, which is based on the fact that the nozzles are located on the pipe at an angle relative to its axis.
    6, The device according to claim 4. characterized in that the switching means is made in the form of a multi-way valve.
    Sources of information taken into account in the examination
    1. Japanese patent number 9-33571, cl. С 10 С З / О, published. 197+.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU895293A3|1981-12-30|Method and device for cracking of heavy oils
    US3920537A|1975-11-18|Process for on-stream decoking of vapor lines
    US2366055A|1944-12-26|Coking process
    CA1083993A|1980-08-19|Method of preventing coke formation in thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbons
    US3470068A|1969-09-30|Methods and apparatus for the continuous treatment of non-caking coal and other discrete materials
    EP0050030B1|1985-01-09|Reactor for the thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbons and a process and apparatus for the distillation and thermal cracking of a crude oil feedstock using such a reactor
    CA1334129C|1995-01-31|Pyrolysis of bitumen in a reactor containing grinding bodies
    US4340397A|1982-07-20|Slagging gasifier
    EA011643B1|2009-04-28|Pyrolysis of residual hydrocarbons
    US3964976A|1976-06-22|Process for cleaning coke oven gas offtakes
    US2721227A|1955-10-18|Method and apparatus for making acetylene
    CN101343553A|2009-01-14|Apparatus and method for preventing coking drum oil gas vent from coking
    US1912629A|1933-06-06|Treatment of heavy hydrocarbons
    US4257778A|1981-03-24|Process for producing synthetic coking coal of high volatile matter content
    US2071534A|1937-02-23|Apparatus for producing sulphur dioxide
    US2546337A|1951-03-27|Metallurgical apparatus
    US3996063A|1976-12-07|Method for removing coke from fluid coker outlets
    SU929689A1|1982-05-23|Process for producing petroleum coke
    US2350507A|1944-06-06|Distillation method
    US3773649A|1973-11-20|Bitumen blasting process and blast reactor therefor
    US10676675B2|2020-06-09|Method and hardware for supplying additives to the delayed coker drum
    US3194753A|1965-07-13|Continuous coking process and apparatus
    US2778781A|1957-01-22|Process for the continuous coking of hydrocarbons
    US2929765A|1960-03-22|Coking apparatus
    US1900047A|1933-03-07|Method of distilling fluent materials and producing coke
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA1083066A|1980-08-05|
    US4127473A|1978-11-28|
    US4243633A|1981-01-06|
    FR2328759B1|1978-12-15|
    DE2647526A1|1977-04-28|
    FR2328759A1|1977-05-20|
    GB1520825A|1978-08-09|
    JPS5250306A|1977-04-22|
    IT1069017B|1985-03-21|
    DE2647526C3|1979-03-15|
    DE2647526B2|1978-07-13|
    JPS565434B2|1981-02-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    RU2449003C2|2006-09-29|2012-04-27|Юоп Ллк|Device and method for catalytic cracking|US1783257A|1924-07-17|1930-12-02|Universal Oil Prod Co|Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons|
    US1912629A|1931-12-28|1933-06-06|Universal Oil Prod Co|Treatment of heavy hydrocarbons|
    US2345603A|1940-02-15|1944-04-04|Houdry Process Corp|Residual hydrocarbon treatment|
    US2326525A|1940-08-28|1943-08-10|Standard Oil Co|Method of preventing deleterious coke deposits|
    US2802725A|1955-05-11|1957-08-13|Victor V Kappel|Endothermic gas generator|
    GB1097762A|1963-12-12|1968-01-03|British Titan Products|Device for use in oxidation of metal halides|
    US3835024A|1971-03-19|1974-09-10|Osaka Gas Co Ltd|Method for manufacturing pitch|
    US3836434A|1972-03-27|1974-09-17|Great Lakes Carbon Corp|Process for decoking a delayed coker|
    US3880359A|1972-03-27|1975-04-29|Great Lakes Carbon Corp|Apparatus for decoking a delayed coker|
    US3920537A|1974-06-05|1975-11-18|Toscopetro Corp|Process for on-stream decoking of vapor lines|
    CA993161A|1974-07-24|1976-07-20|Joseph M. Emond|Tank cleaning apparatus|
    US3985572A|1974-11-04|1976-10-12|Georgia-Pacific Corporation|Automatic spray cleaning apparatus and method|JPS5414750Y2|1977-02-04|1979-06-16|
    JPS5414749Y2|1977-02-04|1979-06-16|
    US4203825A|1979-02-02|1980-05-20|Exxon Research & Engineering Co.|Method for removing coronene from heat exchangers|
    JPS5880380A|1981-11-10|1983-05-14|Res Assoc Residual Oil Process<Rarop>|Apparatus for thermally cracking heavy oil|
    US5518607A|1984-10-31|1996-05-21|Field; Leslie A.|Sulfur removal systems for protection of reforming catalysts|
    US4849025A|1987-06-05|1989-07-18|Resource Technology Associates|Decoking hydrocarbon reactors by wet oxidation|
    CA1302934C|1987-06-18|1992-06-09|Masatoshi Tsuchitani|Process for preparing pitches|
    US5287915A|1990-12-26|1994-02-22|Shell Oil Company|Heat exchanger and method for removing deposits from inner surfaces thereof|
    US5443799A|1993-08-03|1995-08-22|Orgral International Technologies Corporation|Process for the alkylation of olefins and apparatus for carrying out this process and others|
    FR2716458B1|1994-02-22|1996-04-12|Inst Francais Du Petrole|Decoking process and device.|
    US5409675A|1994-04-22|1995-04-25|Narayanan; Swami|Hydrocarbon pyrolysis reactor with reduced pressure drop and increased olefin yield and selectivity|
    US5507938A|1994-07-22|1996-04-16|Institute Of Gas Technology|Flash thermocracking of tar or pitch|
    DE19711020A1|1997-03-17|1998-09-24|Basf Ag|Polymerization reactor|
    KR100374785B1|2000-06-29|2003-03-04|학교법인 포항공과대학교|Liquid phase oxidation reactor|
    US7550063B2|2005-08-26|2009-06-23|AlteneInc.|Method and apparatus for cracking hydrocarbons|
    JP2008303259A|2007-06-06|2008-12-18|Chiyoda Corp|Thermal cracking reaction vessel for petroleum-based heavy oil, and thermal cracking plant using the reaction vessel|
    KR101577082B1|2007-11-28|2015-12-11|사우디 아라비안 오일 컴퍼니|Process for upgrading heavy and highly waxy crude oil without supply of hydrogen|
    GB0810299D0|2008-06-06|2008-07-09|Rolls Royce Plc|An apparatus and method for evaluating a hydrocarbon to determine the propensity for coke formation|
    US8137476B2|2009-04-06|2012-03-20|Synfuels International, Inc.|Secondary reaction quench device and method of use|
    US10815434B2|2017-01-04|2020-10-27|Saudi Arabian Oil Company|Systems and processes for power generation|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP12627675A|JPS565434B2|1975-10-22|1975-10-22|
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