• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Bread loaves 12 are fed by spiked conveyor 13 into a slice cutter 14 and then to a pocket 29 on an indexing turret 16, where the slices are impaled on parallel pins 31. When the turret intermittently rotates a pusher 34 strips the slice group from the pins, and they are transferred to a weighing conveyor 17. The output from the latter controls the feed rate to maintain the weight of each slice group at a predetermined value.
    公开号:SU858551A3
    申请号:SU782635404
    申请日:1978-07-07
    公开日:1981-08-23
    发明作者:Зулинг Петер
    申请人:За витель；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to equipment for obtaining portions of a certain predetermined weight from a starting product, mainly bread, and can be used in the food industry.
    A known installation for producing piecewise servings, comprising a feed conveyor, a cutting device, a receiving device, a weighing device for weighing one portion, a feed conveyor speed control mechanism associated with the weighing device, and a discharge conveyor [1].
    However, in a known installation is impossible! fully automate or mechanize the process of accurate portioning by weight of sliced products and sorting pieces unsuitable for packaging without the need for manual labor, and thus it is enough to ensure high productivity. 25
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the installation.
    This goal is achieved by the fact that in the installation for receiving piecewise servings, mainly bread, 30 in, containing a feed conveyor, a cutting device, a receiving device — a weighing device for weighing one portion, a mechanism for controlling the speed of the feed conveyor associated with the weighing device, and a discharge conveyor , the receiving device is made in the form of a carousel with receiving arms, each of which is equipped with receiving needles.
    In this case, the carousel is installed on the horizontal axis.
    In this case, the receiving levers are located at the same distance from one another.
    In this case, the carousel is made with four receiving levers.
    In this case, the receiving arms are equipped with · receiving pockets mounted on the ends of the levers that are spaced from the axis of the carousel, each pocket containing a bottom and a wall, and the receiving arms are fixed with the ends on the wall and are parallel to -. bottom of the corresponding receiving pocket.
    Moreover, each receiving lever is equipped with a pusher installed with the ability to move along the receiving needles of this lever.
    In this case, the pushers of the coaxial opposite levers are interconnected.
    In this case, the feed conveyor is made in the form of a chain needle conveyor and is equipped with a discontinuous feed drive.
    At the same time, the installation is equipped with a clamping device mounted above the feed conveyor with the possibility of height adjustment and made in the form of a needle chain.
    In this case, the weighing device is made in the form of belt scales and installed between two belt conveyors.
    Moreover, the installation comprises a stylus for measuring the height of the initial product, equipped with a deflecting lever with a copy roller.
    In this case, the probe device is equipped with a control device for pulling the receiving pocket from the cutting plane.
    Moreover, the installation is equipped with a receiving shaft for the rejected pieces installed under the receiving device in the cutting zone and a sensor for determining the end of the first initial product or the beginning of the second installed in the zone of the cutting plane.
    In this case, the receiving device is mounted with the possibility of rotation around the axis at an angle formed by two adjacent receiving levers.
    In this case, the cutting device consists of several parallel cutting elements, the number of which is equal to the number of pieces of portion, and a counter support for the initial product is installed under the cutting elements, having grooves located under the cutting elements.
    In this case, the installation is equipped with a device for regulating the gap between the cutting elements 45 '.
    Figure 1 schematically shows an installation for obtaining piecewise servings> side view; in Fig. 2 is the same, top view, ’in Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the adjustment of the portion weight 50, 'in Fig. 4 is an embodiment of a cutting device, side view.
    The device comprises a feed conveyor 1, a clamping device 2 mounted under the last one with height adjustment, a receiving device, a weighing device for weighing one portion, a speed conveyor 1 control mechanism connected to the weighing device, a discharge conveyor 3 adjacent to the weighing device, a stylus 4 for measuring the height of the original product with a deflecting lever and a copy roller (not shown in the drawing) and installed under the receiving device in the cutting zone emnuyu shaft 5 to the rejected pieces.
    The feed conveyor 1 is made in the form of a chain needle conveyor and is equipped with a discontinuous feed drive (not shown in the drawing), and the clamping device 2 is made in the form of a needle chain.
    The receiving device is made in the form of a carousel 6 mounted on the horizontal axis 7, with receiving arms 8, each of which is equipped with receiving needles 9, while the carousel is made with four receiving arms 8 located at the same distance from one another. The receiving device is mounted with the possibility of rotation at an angle formed by two adjacent receiving levers 8.
    The receiving levers are equipped with receiving pockets 10, mounted at their ends, spaced from the axis 7 of the carousel 6, and the pocket in the acceptance position (right lever 8 in FIG. 1) coincides with the longitudinal axis or feed direction along arrow 11 of conveyor 1 (FIG. 2 ) Each pocket 10 has a bottom 12 and a wall 13, and the receiving needles 9 are fixed by the ends on the wall 13 and are parallel to the bottom 12 of the corresponding receiving pocket, the free ends of the needles 9 are pointed. Each receiving lever 8 is equipped with a pusher 14, mounted with the possibility of moving along the receiving 3 * needles 9, which also serve as guides for the pusher, while the pushers 14 of the coaxial opposite levers 8 are interconnected.
    * b
    The weighing device is made in the form of * belt weights 15 and is installed between two belt conveyors 16, and the back of this conveyor serves to load products from the receiving device.
    The stylus 4 is equipped with a control device (not shown in the drawing) for pulling the receiving pocket 10 from the cutting plane.
    The sensor 17 for determining the end of the first source product or the beginning of the second is made in the form of a photo cell and is installed in the zone of the cutting plane.
    '' The cutting device is equipped with an epicyclic knife 18, while the vertical cutting plane is located directly in front of the head part 19 of the conveyor 1 and extends 60 tangentially in front of the circle line 20 (indicated by a dash-dot in Fig. 1), which is described by the free ends of the arms of the receiving device when they rotate around 65 axis 7.
    The speed control mechanism of the feed conveyor 1 (FIG. 3) comprises a comparator 21, an adjustable sensor 22 and a control unit 23.
    The proposed device operates as follows. .
    Bread loaves 24 are served on the upper branch * of the feed conveyor 1 so that they follow and directly adjoin one another, while the needles 25 of the conveyor 1 penetrate. They are placed in the lower surface of the loaf 24, grab it and fed to the cutting device. Under the influence of the feed force, the conveyor 1 holds bu-. hank at the moment of cutting off a piece 18 of knife 26 from it. The rotational speed of knife 15 of 18 and, therefore, the cutting frequency is high and lies in the range of 500-550 rpm, so eight to nine pieces are cut off every second, and the cutting process, for example 400 g of a 20 serving, takes approximately 1.5 s, since serving 27 typically contains 12-13 pieces with a normal piece thickness.
    The pieces 26, cut by a knife 18, under the pressure of the loaf 24 are strung 25 onto the needles 9 to a predetermined number of pieces, for example thirteen, which is mounted using the counting device 28 (figure 2), which is placed on the cutting device and controls the drive of the receiving device so at once that after reaching a predetermined number of pieces embedded in the counter (not shown in the drawing), i.e. after a working cycle, carousel 6 rotates 90 ° counterclockwise in the direction of arrow 29 around axis 7.
    After this rotation, the portion 27 is moved to position 30, while the needles 9 are pulled out of the pieces or the last 40 are removed from them with the help of the corresponding pusher 14, which, when the corresponding lever 8 is rotated from the acceptance position (to the right in FIG. 1), moves to the position unloading (from the top in figure 1), while the pusher removes the pieces from the needles 9 and at the same time the pusher of the coaxial and opposite lever moves from its extreme position external to the radius-jQ su to the extreme internal position that is necessary for this lever eschayuschegosya polo acceptance voltage.
    Then, from the upward: · lever, the pieces are transferred to the belt conveyor 16 and 16 from there to the scales 15. Transfer to the belt conveyor 16 pieces is carried out using the pusher 31 (Fig. 1 / · 1 on the scales 15 sets the portion weight value, and the corresponding The 4Q signal from the balance 15 is fed to the comparator 21 (Fig. 3), into which the setpoint from the adjustable sensor 22 is input. The comparator generates a control signal to the control unit 23 of the feed conveyor 1, which leaves the feed rate unchanged if the actual value matches aa annym, increases the feed rate if the actual value of the measured weight of the portions is small and reduces the feed speed of the conveyor 1 if the weight of the actual value is large. In this case adjustment is only when, for example, three portions below the bottom or above the upper weight limit account weighting device.
    Knife 18 rezhuschego'ustroystva constantly rotates and zatormazhivaet- am smiling after each portion 27, since otherwise a relatively large inertial mass must be constantly accelerate and decelerate again that a large number of cuts is almost impossible. Instead, it is advisable to stop the feed conveyor 1 for a while, since it has a low speed and does not have a large moving mass, like a cutting device.
    To account for the beveled edges of the hearth bread and to sort pieces unsuitable for portioning, the height H of which is much lower than the average height of the loaf 24 and less than the lower boundary of the height L, use the stylus device 4, the copy roller of which slides along the contour of the surface of the loaf 24, and when lowering it heights below a predetermined minimum value, the conveyor drive automatically shuts off for a short time, so that pieces that are not suitable for portioning are sorted out.
    In this case, the lever 8 in the acceptance position is slightly extended, freeing up space for the removal of rejected pieces, which then enter the shaft 5 and are sent from there to the discharge conveyor 32, which transports the rejected pieces in the direction of arrow 33 to the collection point (not shown in the drawing )
    In the case of a mold bread, a sensor is used. 17, while at the point of contact of the molded .batons (dash-dot line in Fig. 1), light penetrates the selenium photocell (not shown in the drawing), and the sensor 17 cuts off the drive of the feed conveyor 1, providing a short delay located in the acceptance position of the lever 8. or its receiving pocket 10 and the transportation of rejected pieces.
    The cutting device may consist of several parallel cutting elements 35 (figure 4), while the number of the latter is equal to the number of pieces of portion. A counter support 36 for the initial product is installed under the cutting elements, made of a hard and wear-resistant material and having a smooth polished surface. The slightly convex surface of the counter support 36 has grooves 37 that are located under the cutting elements 35 on a straight line, as a result of which their lower edges when lowering the cutting elements, i.e. when cutting off the front end of the loaf, they enter the corresponding groove 37 without hitting the upper side of the counter support and without becoming dull.
    The installation is equipped with a device for regulating the size of the gap between the cutting elements 35 (not shown in the drawing),
    The cutting device (figure 4) works as follows.
    The end of the loaf of bread 24 of the corresponding portion '2 7 extends beyond the head of the feed conveyor 1 so that it is on its lower side on the counter support 36. Then the cutting elements 35 are lowered down in the direction of arrow 38 and cut the loaf so that at the same time a given number is obtained, for example thirteen , pieces 26, which make up the serving. The cutting elements can be made of wire and during cutting completely enter the corresponding grooves 3 /, therefore, the conveyor 1 after the cutting operation can again move a predetermined amount forward, so that pieces of the obtained portion enter the receiving device (not shown in the drawing). .
    Then, the cutting elements 35 again move downward against the direction of the arrow 38 before the operation is repeated. Or the cutting elements 35 cut pieces of the next portion from the bottom, while for the upper side of the loaf another counter-support must be installed. To change the weight of the portion through the thickness of the pieces, the gaps between adjacent cutting elements 35 are made variable, and it is sufficient if such a change is made in several pairs of cutting elements or only in one. The gaps between the cutting elements are regulated by the device installed for this.
    The proposed installation for producing piecewise servings provides the mechanization and automation of exact portioning by weight of slice-like products without the need for manual labor and the use of all the specified power of the equipment, as well as sorting unusable pieces, for example, cortical ones, and thereby provides an increase in productivity compared to the known one.
    In addition, the proposed installation can be used for initial products of various kinds in terms of height, width and contour and allows you to process the so-called shaped and hearth bread.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    In this case, the pushers of coaxial opposite levers are interconnected. When this feed conveyor is made in the form of a chain needle conveyor and is equipped with a drive intermittent feed. In this case, the installation is equipped with a clamping device mounted above the feed conveyor with the possibility of height adjustment and made in the form of a needle chain. In this case, the weighing device is made in the form of belt scales and is installed between two belt conveyors. At the same time, the installation contains a probe device for measuring the height of the initial product, equipped with a diverting lever with a copy roller. At the same time, the probe device is equipped with a control device for detaching the receiving pocket from the cutting plane. At the same time, the installation is equipped with a receiving shaft for rejected pieces installed under the receiving device in the cutting zone and a sensor for detecting the end of the first original product or starting the second one installed in the cutting plane zone. In this case, the receiving device is installed with the possibility of rotation around the axis by the angle formed by two adjacent receiving levers. In this case, the cutting device consists of several parallel cutting elements, the number of which is equal to the number of pieces of the batch, and under the cutting elements there is a counter support for the initial product, which has grooves located under the cutting elements. In this case, the installation is equipped with a device for adjusting the size of the gap between the cutting elements. Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an installation for obtaining a piecewise portion from a side view; figure 2 - the same, the view of its xy; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the regulation of the weight of the portion; FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the cutting device, side view. The device contains a feed conveyor 1, a clamping device 2 installed under the latter with a possibility of height adjustment, a receiving device, a weighing device for weighing one portion, associated with a weighing device, a speed control mechanism of the feeding conveyor 1, a discharge conveyor adjacent to the weighing device 3, probe device 4 for measuring the height of the original product with a deflecting lever and a copy roller (not shown in the drawing) and installed under the receiving device in the cutting zone receiving shaft 5 for rejected pieces. The feed conveyor 1 is made in the form of a chain needle conveyor and is equipped with a drive of intermittent feed (not shown), and the clamping device 2 is made in the form of a needle chain. The receiving device is made in the form of a carousel 6 mounted on a horizontal axis 7, with receiving levers 8, each of which is equipped with receiving needles 9, while the carousel is made with four receiving levers 8 located at the same distance from one another. The receiving device is pivotably mounted at an angle formed by two adjacent receiving levers 8. The receiving levers are provided with receiving pockets 10 fixed at their ends, spaced from the axis 7 of the carousel 6, and the pocket in the receiving position f right lever 8 in Fig. 1) coincides with a longitudinal axis or direction of flow on the arrow 11 of the conveyor 1 (figure 2). Each pocket 10 has a bottom 12 and a wall 13, and the receiving needles 9 are fixed to the ends on the wall 13 and are parallel to the bottom 12 of the corresponding receiving pocket, the free ends of the needles 9 are pointed. Each receiving lever 8 is provided with a pusher 14 mounted for movement along the receiving needles 9, which also serve as pusher guides, while the pushers 14 of coaxial opposite levers 8 are interconnected. E, the weighing device is made in the form of belt weights 15 and is installed between two belt conveyors 16, the rear part of this conveyor serving for loading products from the receiving device. The probe device 4 is equipped with a control device (not shown in the drawing to pull the receiving pocket 10 away from the cutting plane. The sensor 17 for detecting the end of the first original product or the beginning of the second is made as a photo cell and installed in the area of the cutting plane. The cutting device is equipped with an epicyclic knife 18, while the vertical cutting plane is located directly in front of the head part 19 of the conveyor 1 and extends tangentially in front of the circle line 20 (in FIG. 1 it is indicated by dash-dotted lines), which a describes the free ends of the levers of the receiving device when they rotate around the axis 7. The speed control mechanism of the feed conveyor 1 (Fig. 3) contains a comparator 21, an adjustable sensor 22 and a control unit 23. The proposed device operates as follows. Bread loaves 24 are fed to the upper the branch of the feeding conveyor 1 so that they follow and directly adjoin one another, while the needles 25 of the conveyor 1 penetrate into the lower surface of the loaf 24, pick it up and feed it to the cutting device. Under the influence of the feed force, the conveyor 1 holds the bu-. The khanka is at the time of cutting a piece of knife 18 from it. 26. The speed of rotation of the knife 18 and, consequently, the cutting frequency is high and lies in the range of 500-550 rpm, therefore, eight to nine pieces of cutting are cut off every second, for example for 400 portions, takes about 1.5 s, since portions 27 usually contain 12-13 pieces with a normal piece thickness. Pieces 26 cut by knife 18, under pressure from loaf 24, are strung on needles 9 up to a predetermined number of cuts, for example thirteen, which is set by counting device 28 (FIG. 2), which is placed on the cutting device and controls the receiving device's water flow. after that the carousel turns 90 ° counterclockwise in the direction of the arrow 29 around the axis 7. After this rotation, the portion 27 ne moves n position 30, while the needles 9 are pulled out of the pieces or the latter are removed from them with the help of a corresponding pusher 14, which, when the corresponding lever 8 is rotated from the receiving position (on the right in Fig. 1), moves to the unloading position in fig.1 ), while the pusher removes the pieces from the needles 9 and at the same time the pusher of the coaxial and opposite lever moves from its extreme external position to the extreme internal position which is necessary for this lever moving to the receiving position. Then from upwards; Snippets are transferred to the conveyor belt 16 and from there to the balance 15. The transfer to the conveyor belt 16 pieces is carried out using the pusher 31Cig.1, the weight of the portion 15 is set, and the corresponding signal from the balance 15 is fed to the comparator 21 (Fig. H), into which the set value is inputted from the joro of the sensor 22. The comparator outputs a control signal to the control unit 23 by feeding it to the conveyor 1, which leaves the feed rate unchanged, if the actual value matches the set value, increases the feed rate, eu whether the actual value of the measured weight of the portion is small and reduces the feed rate of the conveyor 1 if the actual weight value is large. In this case, adjustment occurs only when, for example, three portions below the lower or above the upper weight limits are recorded by the weighing device. The knife 18 of the cutting device constantly rotates and does not slow down after each portion 27, since otherwise a relatively large inertial mass must constantly accelerate and slow down again, which is practically impossible with a large number of cuts. Instead, it is advisable to stop the feed conveyor 1 for some time, since it has a low speed and does not have a large moving mass, like a cutting device. To take into account the chamfered edges of hearth bread and sorting pieces unsuitable for portioning, the height H of which is much lower than the average height of the loaf 24 and less than the lower limit of the height L, serves as a probe device 4, the copy roller of which slides along the contour of the surface of the loaf 24, and when it is lowered heights below a predetermined minimum value, the conveyor drive is automatically switched off for a short time, due to which pieces that are not suitable for portioning are sorted. In this case, the lever 8, which is in the receiving position, is slightly deflected, freeing up space for diverting the rejected pieces, which then enter the shaft 5 and are directed from there to the discharge conveyor 32, which transports the rejected pieces in the direction of the arrow 33 to the Sleep collection point the drawing is not shown). In the case of pan bread, a sensor 17 is used, while in the place 34 of the contact of the mold boards (dash-dotted line in FIG. 1) light penetrates the selenium photocell not shown in the drawing), and the sensor 17 turns off the drive of the feeding conveyor 1, providing short-term defrosting located in the position of acceptance of the lever 8. or its receiving pocket 10 and the transportation of rejected pieces. The cutting device may consist of several parallel cutting elements 35 (FIG. 4), with the number of the latter being equal to the number of pieces of the batch. A cutter 36 for the original product is installed under the cutting elements, is made of a hard and wear-resistant material and has a smooth polished surface. The convex surface of the support 36 has a slightly convex slots 37, which are located under the cutting elements 35 on one straight line, resulting in lower edges. when lowering the cutting elements, i.e. when cutting the end of the loaf in front of it, they fit into the corresponding groove 37, do not hit the upper side of the counter support and do not blunt. The installation is equipped with means for adjusting the size of the gap between the cutting elements 35 (not shown in the drawing. The cutting device (Fig. 4) works as follows. The end of the bread loaf 24 of the respective portions 27 extends behind the head part of the feeding conveyor 1 so that it is the bottom side of the counter support 36. Then, the cutting elements 35 are lowered down in the direction of the arrow 38 and the loaf is cut so that at the same time a given number is obtained, for example thirteen, pieces 26, which make up the batch. The elements can be made of wire and completely cut into the corresponding grooves 3 / during the cutting process, therefore the conveyor 1 after the cutting operation can move forward again by a specified amount, due to which pieces of the portion obtained enter the receiving device (not shown ). Then the cutting elements 35 again move downwards against the direction of the arrow 38, before the operation is repeated, or the cutting elements 35 cut the pieces of the next portion from the bottom, while for the upper side of the loaf it is necessary to install another counter support To change the weight of the portion through the thickness of the pieces, the gaps between adjacent cutting elements 35 are made variable, it is sufficient if such a change is made in several pairs of cutting elements or only in one. The gaps between the cutting elements are adjusted by the device installed for this purpose. The proposed plant for the production of piecewise portions provides for the mechanization and automation of the exact portioning by weight of the slab-shaped products without the need for manual labor and the use of all the specified equipment power, as well as the sorting of unsuitable pieces, for example, cortical, and the CciMbiM provides improved performance compared to the known. In addition, the proposed setup can be used for different types of initial products with regard to height, width and contour and allows the processing of so-called tin and hearth bread. Claims 1. Installation to obtain a piece. portions, mainly bread, containing a feeding conveyor, a cutting device, a receiving device, a weighing device for weighing one portion, a speed control mechanism for the feeding conveyor associated with the weighing device, and a diverting conveyor, characterized in that , the receiving device is made in the form of a carousel with receiving levers, each of which is equipped with receiving needles.
    [2]
    2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carousel is mounted on a horizontal axis.
    [3]
    3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the receiving arms are located at the same distance from one another.
    [4]
    4. The installation according to the item 3, which differs from the fact that the carousel is made with four receiving levers.
    [5]
    5. Installation according to claims 1-4, of which the receiving arms are provided with receiving pockets fixed at the ends of the levers spaced from the axis of the carousel, each pocket containing a bottom and a wall, and the receiving needles are fixed on the wall and are arranged parallel to the bottom of the respective receiving pocket.
    [6]
    6. Installation on nn.l-S, characterized in that each receiving lever is provided with a pusher mounted for movement along the receiving needles of this lever.
    [7]
    7. Installation according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the pushers of coaxial opposites :: levers are interconnected.
    [8]
    8. Installation on PP.1-7, characterized in that the feed conveyor is made in the form of a chain needle conveyor and is equipped with a drive of intermittent pvdachi. W. Installation according to Claim B., characterized in that it is provided with a clamping device mounted above the feed conveyor with the possibility of height adjustment and made in the form of a needle chain. 10. Installation according to claims 1-9, characterized in that the weighing device is made in the form of belt weights and installed between two belt conveyors, 11. Installation on PP, 1-10, characterized in that it contains a probe device for measuring height of the original product, equipped with a deflectable lever with a roller. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the probe device is provided with a control with a tool for pulling the receiving pocket away from the cutting plane. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that it is provided with a receiving piece installed under the receiving device in the cutting zone; l rejected pieces. 14. Installation according to claims 1-13, characterized in that it is equipped with a sensor for detecting the end of the first starting product or the beginning of the second, installed in the areas of the cutting plane.
     v% 5 / / yX / XVX / xVXX / xX VV А / 15. Installation on PP.1-14, which is different from the fact that the receiving device is installed with the possibility of rotation around the axis through the angle formed by two levers . 16. Installation according to claims 1-15, characterized in that the cutting device consists of several parallel cutting elements, the number of which is equal to the number of pieces of the batch, and under the cutting elements there is a counter support for the original product, which has grooves located under the cutting elements. 17. Installation according to claims 1-16, characterized in that it is provided with a device for controlling the size of the gap between the cutting elements. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Patent of Great Britain 1448231, cl. B 26 O 4/46, 1976..
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    IT7825398D0|1978-07-06|
    JPS5417170A|1979-02-08|
    DE2730843C2|1985-11-07|
    CH631053A5|1982-07-30|
    GB2000678B|1982-02-03|
    BE868836A|1979-01-08|
    DD137660A5|1979-09-19|
    SE7807084L|1979-01-09|
    US4216689A|1980-08-12|
    DK307078A|1979-01-09|
    ATA421878A|1981-01-15|
    GB2000678A|1979-01-17|
    FR2396510A1|1979-02-02|
    AT363412B|1981-08-10|
    NL7806387A|1979-01-10|
    DE2730843A1|1979-01-25|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE2730843A|DE2730843C2|1977-07-08|1977-07-08|Device for making slice portions|
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