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    公开号:SU1779263A3
    申请号:SU874202612
    申请日:1987-04-30
    公开日:1992-11-30
    发明作者:Stefan Marklund；Thomas Edlund
    申请人:Symbicom Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to methods for producing peroxide dismutase and its use for therapeutic treatment.
    Some compounds tend to self-oxidize. All self-oxidation processes lead to the formation of toxic oxygen reduction intermediates. Self-oxidation of adrenaline, pyrogallol and other compounds leads to the formation of a peroxide radical. A small part of the reduction of oxygen in mitochondria leads to the formation of peroxide, and subsequently, hydrogen peroxide. Microsomal cytochrome P450 - the system also releases higher oxide.
    Hydrogen peroxide is always formed when a higher oxide is formed as a result of the dismutation reaction. Most oxidases in the body directly reduce oxygen to hydrogen peroxide.
    Ionizing radiation breaks down water to form hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals. Hydroxyl radicals formed in this way are characteristic of most of the biological dangers posed by ionizing radiation.
    In the xanthine oxidase system, for example. not only a higher oxide is formed, but also hydrogen peroxide, both directly and as a result of the dismutation of the higher oxide. These compounds can then interact with the formation of a hydroxyl radical. The xanthine oxidase system damages proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, and also kills cells. Of the biochemical compounds, polyunsaturated lipids are most sensitive to the toxic effects of oxygen. Intermediate oxygen compounds can initiate chain reactions involving molecular oxygen, the so-called oxidation of lipid to the peroxide compound. Lipid hydroperoxides formed in this way and their decomposition products not only damage the functions of cell membranes
    1779263 AZ of wounds, but can also damage other components of cells.
    Organisms living in the presence of oxygen were forced during the evolutionary process to create several protective mechanisms against toxic oxygen reduction metabolites. Protective factors include higher oxides dismutases (TWOs), which subject the higher oxide radicals to dismutation and are contained in relatively constant amounts in mammalian tissue cells. The most famous of these enzymes is DVOCuZn, which is a dimer with a molecular weight of 33,000, containing two copper atoms and two zinc atoms. DVOCuZn was found in the cytosol and in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. The DVO-Mn is a tetramer with a molecular weight of 85,000. It contains 4 Mn atoms, and it is concentrated mainly in the mitochondrial matrix. Until recently, it was suggested that extracellular fluids do not have TWO activity.
    Recently, the presence of higher oxide dismutase in extracellular fluid (e.g., plasma, lymph, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid) has been established, which has been called ECSOD (VK-TWO), extracellular higher oxide demutase). In humans, activity per ml of plasma is less than 1% of the total TWO activity per g of tissue, but it is apparently actively regulated by the body. The similarity with lectins indicates that, unlike TWO CuZn, this enzyme is a glycoprotein. It apparently consists of four equal non-covalently linked subunits with a total (tetrameric) molecular weight of 135,000 containing metals: one Cu atom and one Zn atom per subunit. The enzyme catalyzes the dismutation of the first order radical of a higher oxide, as do other DBO containing Cu.
    _ - + Two. + Og. + 2H -> O 2 + H 2 O
    The specific activity is very high and, apparently, is explained by the presence of four Cu atoms in the molecule. When chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, this enzyme is divided into three fractions, A without any means, B with a weak affinity and C with a strong affinity for heparin. In contrast to the behavior of VK-DVO, DVO-CuZn and DVO-Μη, they do not bind to heparin-Sepharose. This enzyme has a certain hydrophobic character, which may indicate an affinity for cell membranes. The affinity for heparin often indicates an affinity for heparin sulfate, which is found on the surface of the cell, in particular, on the endothelium of blood vessels. Consequently, it can be assumed that ECCE is partially localized on the surface of cells, and partially in extracellular Fluids. The amino acid composition and antigenic activity are completely different from the same indices of previously studied DVO isoenzymes. Information RNA encoding VK-DVO contains a sequence encoding a signal peptide, which indicates that VK-DVO is a secreted protein, and RNA encoding DVO-CuZn, on the other hand, does not contain such a sequence encoding a signal peptide. In addition, the amino acid sequence of VK-DVO is different from the amino acid sequence of other DVO-isoenzymes; It was found that VK-DVO is contained in the plasma of all the studied mammalian species, as well as in birds and fish. The content varies widely from species to species, but intraspecific variations are very small. Rodent plasma contains 10-20 times more VK-DVO than human plasma, which contains relatively little VKVDO. VK-DVO was also found in all types of animal tissue examined. In tissues, intraspecific differences are much weaker. The concentration of VK-DVO in tissues (units per gram of wet weight) is higher than the concentration of VK-DVO in plasma (units / ml) in humans. In rodents, tissue and plasma contain approximately equal amounts of VK-DVO.
    The activity of DVO makes them interesting candidates for use as therapeutic agents in order to suppress the toxic effects of higher oxides and other oxygen radicals.
    Due to the aforementioned low concentration of TWO activity in extracellular fluids, the components in the extracellular fluid and the surface of the cells are the least protected against radicals of higher oxides and other toxic oxygen reduction products compared to the inside of the cell. Thus, VK-DVO forms a particularly interesting product for therapeutic applications in connection with the extracellular formation of higher oxide radicals.
    An important aspect of the invention is that it relates to a VK-DVO of recombinant origin.
    The DNA sequence encoding VK-DVO, or its modifications or derivatives, as defined above, can be of the nature of complementary DNA (cDNA), that is, it can be constructed 5 by forming a cDNA library based on mRNA from cells producing VK-DVO, using known standard techniques and vectors. Hybridization experiments can then be carried out using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes in order to identify the cDNA sequence encoding VK-DVO. As an alternative, the DNA sequence can be of a genomic nature, that is, it can be obtained directly from the cell genome, for example, by selecting genomic sequences that hybridize with a 20 DNA probe obtained on the basis of the full or partial amino acid sequence of VK -Two. For therapeutic purposes, the preferred DNA sequence is human BK-TWO 25 in order to avoid adverse immune responses.
    The DNA sequence may also be synthetic in nature. The DNA sequence can be of mixed, synthetic and genomic nature, mixed genomic and cDNA nature, or mixed cDNA and synthetic nature, obtained by ligation of DNA fragments of 35 cDNA. genomic or synthetic nature (depending on need), and DNA fragments contain part of the gene encoding VK-DVO, these procedures are performed using standard techniques.
    MetteuAlBLeuLeuCyaSerCysLeuLeuLeuAlaAlaGlyAlaSegAvr
    ATGCTGGCGCTACTGTGTTCCTGCCTGCTCCTGGCAGCCGGTGCCTCGGAC TACGACCGCOATGACACAAGGACGGACGAGGACCGTCGGCCACGGAGCCTG -1 * 1 -10,120 AlaTrpThrGlyGluAapSerAlaGluProAenSerAspSerAlaGluTrpIleArgAsr (GCCTGGACGGGCGAGGACTCGGCGGAGCCCAACTCTGACTCGGCGGAGTGGATCCGAGAC • CGGACCTGCCCGCTCCTGAGCCGCCTCGGGTTGAGACTGAGCCGCCTCACCTAGGCTCTG 20 30 '180: HetryrAlaLvsValThrGlutlgTrpGlnGluValMetGlnArqArqAspAsoAsDGlY ATGTACGCCAAGGTCACGGAGATCTGGCAGGAGGTCATGCAGCGGCGGGACGACGACGGC TACATGCGGTTCCAGTGCCTCTAGACCGTCCTCCAGTACGTCGCCGCCCTGCTGCTGCCG
    240
    The invention relates to a replicable expression vector that contains a DNA sequence encoding VK-DVO. Directly down to this sequence (a sequence encoding VK-DVO), a sequence encoding a signal peptide may be contained, the presence of which guarantees the secretion of VK-DVO expressed by the host cell. into which the vector was introduced. The signal sequence may be, for example, the following sequence:
    -18 -10 -1
    MetLeuAlaLeuCyserCysLeuLeuLeyAtjaAl aGlyAlaSerAspAla
    ATGCTGGCGCTACTGTGTTCCTG'CCTG CTCCTGTGCAGCCGGTGCCTCSGACGCC
    TAGGACCGCGATGACACAAGGACGGA CTGACCACCGTCGGCCACGAAGCCYTGGG
    120
    This signal sequence is the subject of the present invention and it is contemplated that it can be inserted downstream of DNA sequences encoding other proteins or peptides in order to ensure secretion of the resulting products from the cells.
    Such a cell line is CHOK1 / pPS Zpeo-18, which was submitted on August 27, 1986 to the European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures under the ECACC storage code 86082701.
    The invention also relates to a DNA fragment that encodes a VK-DVO and which contains the following DNA sequence;
    fifty
    ThrLeuHisAlaAlaCysGlnValGlnProSerAlaThrLauAspAlaAlaGlnProArq ACGCTCCACGCCGCCTGCCAGGTGCAGCCGTCGGCCACGCTGGACGCCGCGCAGCCCCGG TGCGAGGTGCGGCGGACGGTCCACGTCGGCAGCCGGTGCGACCTGCGGCGCGTCGGGGCC
    70 ' 3 ° 0
    Ya1TNgS1U / a1Ua11.EiReaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa ...
    Ί 1,779,263 8
    90
    AlaLeuGluG1uVh "ProThrG1uPgoAanSerSerS« rArqAlalleHisValHisGln gccctggagggcttcccgaccgagccgaacagctccagccgcgccatccacgtgcaccag cgggacctcccgaagggctggctcggcttgtcgaggtcggcgcggtaogtgcacgtggtc pheGlyAtpLcuSerGInGlyCyaGluSerThtGlyPr oH1 «Tu tAs nP g of L · uAlaVa1
    TTCGGGGACCTGAGCCAGGGCTGCGAGTCCACCGGOCCCCACTACAACCCGCTGGCCGTG aagcccctggactcggtcccgacgctcaggtggcccggggtgatgttgggcgaccggcac
    480
    120 130
    ProBl «ProGlnHUPtpGlyAtpPh6GlvAsaPheAl> ValArqAspGlySerL8uTrp
    CCGCACCCGCAGCACCCGGGCGACTTCGGCAACTTCGCGGTCCGCGACGGCAGCCTCTGG
    GGCGTGGGCGTCGTGGGCCCGCTGAAGCCGTTGAAGCGCCAGGCGCTGCCG'rCGGAGACC
    540
    140 ISO
    ArqTyrA r qAlaGlvLeuAlaAlaSerLtuAlaGlyProHi tSctlltvalGlyAr gAla
    AGGTACCGCGCCGGCCTGGCCGCCTCGCTCGCmGGCCCGCACTCCATCGTGGGCCGGGCC
    TCCATGGCGCGGCCGGACCGGCGGAGCGAGCGCCCGGGCGTGAGGTAGCACCCGGCCCGG 600
    160 170
    ValValValHlcAlaGlyGluAspAspLeuGlyArgGlyGlyAsnGlnAlaSarValGlu GTGGTCGTCCACGCTGGCGAGGACGACCTGGGCCGCGGCGGCAACCAGGCCAGCgccggcgcccgcccgcccgcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccfcfcdcdc
    660 lao - 190
    AanGlyAtnAlaGlyAtqAr qLeuAlaCvaCyaValValGlyva3CyaGlvPtoGlyt.au AACGGGAACGCGGGCCGGCGGCTGGCCTGCTGCCTGGTGGGCGTGTGCGdGCCCGGGCTC TTGCCCTTGCGCCCGOCCGCCGACCGGACGACGCACCACCCGCACACGCCCGGGCCCGAG
    720
    200 210 · 7 rpGluAtgGlnAlaArgGluHl »BerGluArgLy8Ly» ArgArgArgQluStrGluCyB TGGGAGCGCCAGGCGCGGGAGCACTCAGAGCGCAAGAAGCGGCGGCGCOAGAGCGAGTGC ACCCTCGCGGTCCGCGCCCTCGTGAG'TCTCGCGTTCTTCGCCGCCOCGCTCTCGCTCACG
    780
    220-Ш. ·
    LyaAlaAIa **
    AAGGCCGCCTGA
    TTCCGGCGGACT
    It should be noted that this sequence includes the coding sequence of the signal peptide described above. The signal sequence extends from acino acid - 5 18 to -1. The sequence encoding the mature VK-DVO begins at amino acid. those + 1.
    Cells producing VK-DVO can be identified by the immunohistochemical method using antibodies directed against VK-DVO or by analysis for secretion of VKDVO in the medium in which specific cells are cultured. fifteen
    As mentioned above, VK-DVO exhibits an affinity for heparin, which indicates an affinity for heparin sulfate, or other heparin-like glucose-imino-glucans contained on the cell surface 20, in particular, on the surface of endothelial cells. Thus, it makes sense to induce the release of ECBTD from cell surfaces and thereby provide an improved yield of VK-TWO by cell growth in a medium containing heparin or heparin analogue.
    The DNA fragment containing the DNA sequence encoding VK-DVO is inserted into the vector, which is introduced into the host cell, which is then grown on the appropriate medium under suitable conditions in order to express VK-DVO, then the VK-DVO is isolated. The medium used for growing cells can be any known medium suitable for this purpose, but C and / or Zn, VK-DVO must be added to it. expressed by cells can be secreted, that is, pass through cell membranes, depending on the type of cell and the composition of the vector. If VK-DVO is produced inside the cell, that is, is not secreted by the cell, then it can be isolated using standard techniques, including the destruction of cells by mechanical means, for example, using ultrasound or homogenization, or by enzymatic or chemical means followed by purification.
    In order to ensure secretion, the DNA sequence encoding VK-DVO must be preceded by a sequence encoding a signal peptide, the presence of which secures the secretion of VK-DVO from cells so that at least a significant portion of the VK-DVO expressed in the cell is secreted into the culture medium and in the future can be extracted from there. It was experimentally established that part of the secreted VK-DVO is contained in the medium, and part of the VK-DVO is present on the cell surface. Thus, the expression “secreted into the culture medium includes any transfer of VK-DVO through the cell membrane, whether it ends in the culture medium or on the surface of the cell. VK-DVO can be extracted from the medium using standard techniques containing cell filtration and isolation of secreted protein.
    Purification of VK-DVO is possible using antibodies that are used for chromatography by the principle of affinity. Antibodies can be either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are currently preferred, since most monoclonal antibodies are. it was found to bind to the antigen more weakly than a mixture of polyclonal bodies, of. which suggests that desorption can be carried out under moderate conditions using weak elements.
    In addition, since all IgG must be directed against BK-DDA, much smaller amounts of the antibody matrix will need to be used to adsorb BK-VDO from biological material. Desorption of ECVHW will require smaller volumes of eluent, which simplifies the elution procedures, which are currently very time-consuming due to the large volumes of eluent required for desorption.
    The specificity of monoclonal antibodies relative to VK-TWO is apparently higher than the specificity of polyclonal antibodies. The eluate will thus be cleaner, which means the exclusion of one or more subsequent purification steps. This means that the receipt procedure will be simplified and the output will be higher for ECCE, which is an important economic advantage.
    In most cases, especially when polyclonal antibodies are used to purify VK-DVO. the collected eluate can be absorbed on an ion-exchange matrix, followed by elution of VKDVO activity and collection of fractions containing VK-DVO activity. Subsequent purification of the collected eluate can be carried out by applying it to a chromatographic column with a matrix containing heparin or a heparin analog, for example, heparin sulfate or any other sulfated glucose aminoglycan, dextran sulfate or another strongly negatively charged compound, and subsequent elution: fractions are collected next. having an affinity for the analyzed material.
    The invention relates to the use of VK-DVO for the purpose of diagnosing, preventing or treating diseases or disorders associated with the presence or formation of radicals of higher oxides, or other toxic intermediate oxygen compounds formed from radicals of higher oxides.
    Examples of such diseases or disorders include ischemia, myocardial infarction, kidney, brain, or intestinal infarction. inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, pancreatitis, in particular acute pancreatitis, pyelonephritis and other types of nephritis., and hepatitis, autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus (insulin nature), multiple sclerosis, fat embolism, respiratory system disorder in adults, impaired respiratory system in children, cerebral hemorrhages in newborns, burns, the destructive effect of ionizing radiation and carcinogenesis.
    Thus. VK-DVO can find essentially the same application as CuZn-DVO, the therapeutic activity of which is studied in more detail and is discussed below,
    However, it has been found that VK-DVO has several properties that are believed to make it particularly effective in therapeutic applications. CuZn-DVO has a low molecular weight (33,000), which leads to the fact that it is rapidly excreted from the body as a result of filtration in the glomerulus in the kidneys. that in the human body this enzyme has a half-life of approximately 20-30 minutes. Preliminary experiments with VK-DVO unexpectedly showed a significantly longer half-life for VK-DVO. B. Currently, this fact is partially explained by the high molecular weight of VK-DVO. equal to 135,000, which prevents its excretion from the body as a result of filtration in the glomerulus, and partly by the fact that ECBTD apparently binds to the surfaces of the endothelium of cells, which will be discussed below. With the therapeutic use of VK-DVO, this enzyme has a half-life in the human body of at least 4 hours, and possibly more.
    VK-DVO is, in the case of its native environment, a secreted protein and, therefore, it is very plausible that it is synthesized to perform functions in the extracellular space (in the extracellular fluid or on the surfaces of cells), which allow it to exhibit properties that are especially well suited for protect plasma components or the outer surface of cells from the toxic effects of radicals of higher oxides or other oxygen radicals. This point of view is confirmed, for example, by the fact that VK-DVO has a weakly hydrophobic character that promotes its binding to the outer surface of cells, and the fact that this enzyme shows affinity for heparin indicates an affinity for heparin sulfate, which is found on the outer cell surface. Thus, both of these properties indicate the ability to protect tissue, see examples in which the results confirm the binding of VK-DVO to the blood vessel endothelium.
    TWO activity in therapeutic applications has been confirmed for the following diseases or disorders.
    With parenteral administration, CUZn-DVO was active as an anti-inflammatory agent in a number of animal models of inflammatory processes, as well as in inflammatory diseases of animals. In humans, the beneficial effects of DVO were noted in rheumatoid arthritis and arthrosis, with inflammation of the bladder and other urological diseases, as well as with complications caused by treatment with ionizing radiation. In some countries, bovine CuZn-DVO is registered as a drug (Orgotein, Peroxinorm), which is mainly used to treat arthritis and arthrosis, while the composition is used inside the joints.
    In parenteral administration, CuZn-DVO is not perceived by the cell. CuZn-DVO, enclosed in liposomes, is perceived by cells. Its effectiveness against Crohn's disease, Becket's disease, ulcerative colitis was confirmed.
    Kowalski’s disease and undesirable effects of radiation therapy. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of CuZn-DVO is not entirely clear. Direct protection against oxygen radicals produced by activated white blood cells has been put forward as a hypothesis. Another possibility is to prevent the formation of highly chemotactic materials caused by peroxides,
    Another area of application of DVO is its use as a protective factor against tissue destruction caused by ischemia and subsequent restoration of blood flow. If the flow of blood to the tissue is interrupted, then the tissue will slowly turn into necrotic. The macro- and microscopic process of destruction in the general case will develop slowly over several hours. If blood flow is restored to tissue, for example. after 1 h, then instead of improvement, a very strong acceleration of tissue destruction will be observed. Most likely, there are several reasons for the restoration of blood flow called parodox, but oxygen radicals, which are formed as a result of the reappearance of oxygen in previously ischemic tissue, contribute to this destruction. Since such radicals are extremely short-lived and therefore difficult to study directly, their formation and effects can be analyzed based on the protective effects of various devourers. Tissue protection has been confirmed in blood flow restoration models for ischemia or anoxia in the kidney.
    Results regarding ischemia and subsequent restoration of blood flow have potentially important clinical applications. An exceptionally good effect of restoring blood flow to the tissue in connection with heart attacks as a result of the concomitant use of DVO and / or other protective factors against oxygen radicals and thrombolytic factors, for example, a plasminogenic tissue activator, can be obtained. The results of experiments with the Far Eastern Federal District indicate that. that it can be used in connection with heart surgery and heart transplantation. Similarly, the results of the use of DVO in connection with renal ischemia and subsequent restoration of blood flow can be used in connection with kidney transplantation and transplantation of other organs such as skin, lungs, liver or pancreas. Brain ischemia is another possible use.
    DVO also have other interesting protective effects in connection with other pathological diseases.
    For example, pancreatitis was caused in the dog’s pancreas in three different ways: oleic acid infusion, partial blockage of the excretory duct, and ischemia, followed by restoration of blood flow. It was found that DVO, catalase and DVO + catalase have a protective effect, but in the general case, the combined treatment is most effective. These results indicate the possibility of active therapy against this disease, for which there is currently no special therapy:
    It was found that treatment using DVO is also effective for burns.
    Parenteral administration of CuZn DVO prevents bronchopulmonary dysplasia in prematurely born children suffering from infant respiratory disorders.
    In models with hound puppy dogs, it was noted that the injection of VDO reduces the frequency of intragastric hemorrhage of the brain, followed by a decrease in blood pressure.
    DVO improves the status of rats suffering from hepatitis.
    An acute strong increase in blood pressure leads to functional and morphological disorders in the arterioles of the brain. Inhibitors of the synthesis of prostaglandins and dismutase of higher oxides are designed to protect against such disorders. A detailed analysis of this model leads to the conclusion that radicals of higher oxides are formed as by-products in the synthesis of prostaglandins. These results suggest that tissue damage caused by radicals of higher oxides, which are released during the synthesis of prostaglandins, can occur in other pathological situations, and that DVO can have a protective effect.
    With various types of autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, a higher frequency of chromosomal lesions in lymphocytes was noted. Fibroblast cultures and direct bone marrow preparations also sometimes have a higher frequency of damage.
    The neoplastic transformation of cells is generally divided into two phases, namely, initiation and subsequent development. In laboratory models, when the initiation was carried out using ionizing radiation, bleomycin, misonidazole and other nitroimidazoles, the oncogenic transformation is effectively inhibited by the introduction of 8 medium DVO. Moreover, there is no need for the presence of FEW in the process of exposure to initiating materials, which apparently indicates that. that the enzyme inhibits the subsequent stage of development. Non-toxic doses of xanthine + xanthine oxidase cause cell growth. Addition of DVO or DVO + catalase inhibits this effect. In a model in which skin tumors were induced with benzanthracene, followed by the use of phorbol ester (TPA), local treatment with a lipophilic copper complex with TWO activity significantly reduced tumor formation. This result indicates that, at least in some cases, the radicals of higher oxides are involved in the formation of the tumor and that the VDO can protect against such an action.
    There is reason to believe that oxygen radicals are involved in the adverse effects of toxic materials such as bleomycin, adriamycin, alloxan, 6-hydrodopamine, paraquat, dihydrofumaric acid, nitrofurantoin and streptozotocin. In cases where the formation of radicals takes place in the extracellular space, this space can be protected by injection of a protective enzyme. So the Far East Branch can protect against the diabetogenic activity of alloxan in the laboratory and in a living organism. Thus, the destructive effect of alloxan, apparently, is carried out through the action of radicals of higher oxides or other oxygen radicals derived from it. The reason for the high sensitivity of / 3-cells to alloxan is not entirely clear, and we can only assume that there is any connection between sensitivity to alloxan and the severity of diabetes mellitus (insulin type). In diabetes mellitus, there is infiltration in the islets of Lagerhans under the influence of inflamed cells, which can potentially form oxygen radicals. Therefore, it can be posited. that the protection of 3-cells with the help of injections of VAS is the first step in the fight against diabetes mellitus.
    In the general case, CuZn-DVO was used as the test material in the experiments described above. However, it can be assumed that ECCE can be used for the same purpose. It was previously found that it can be used with higher efficiency due to its specific properties, which make VK-DVO especially attractive for extracellular use.
    Example 1. Obtaining umbilical cord homogenates.
    Human umbilical cords were collected in the ward for women in labor at the University Hospital in Umea. They were stored in the refrigerator in the ward, and then quickly frozen in the laboratory at a temperature of -80 ° C and stored at a temperature of -30 ° C.
    After thawing, the umbilical cord was crushed, suspended in 50 ml of potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, containing 0.3 M kWh, 3 mm diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTP K). 100,000 m unit d / d of trasylol (aprotinia) and 0.5 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Used 4 l of buffer per kg of umbilical cord .. To increase the extraction of VK-DVO from the tissue (about 3 times), a chaotropic diffusion-increasing salt of EHF was used. DTPA, trasylol and PMSF were added in order to inhibit proteases. This suspension was subsequently homogenized, sonicated, shaken at 4 ° C for 1 hour. The resulting homogenates were subjected to centrifugation (bOOOhd, 20 min), and the upper layers were quickly frozen at a temperature of -80 ° C, stored at a temperature of -30 ° C.
    PRI me R 2, Obtaining and purification of VK-TWO lungs of a person.
    Tagged humans were recovered within 24 hours after death by opening nine corpses without any obvious signs of lung disease. The lungs were crushed into pieces, washed in a 0.15 M NaCI solution. homogenized in 5 volumes of ice-cold mixture, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5. The homogenate was sonicated, extracted for 30 minutes at 4 ° C and centrifuged (6000 x d) for 20 minutes.
    The top layer was adsorbed on DEAECsefsel balanced with 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.50, and was eluted with a gradient of 0-200 mM NaCI in acetate buffer. The gradient volume was 10 times the column volume.
    Active fractions were collected, diluted with 1.5 volumes of distilled water and titrated to pH 8.4 using a 1M NaOH solution. Adsorbed again on DEAE-Sephacel, balanced with 175 mM Tris HCI, pH 8.4 (I volume of ion exchange material per 10 volumes of fraction). Next, DEAE-Sephacel was washed with buffer, filled with a column, and eluted with a 0-200 mM gradient NaCI solution in Tris buffer.
    The collected fractions were concentrated and dialyzed against 150 mM sodium phosphate at pH 6.5. The sample was applied to a column (approximately 1 ml of gel per 15 mg of protein in the sample) with ° Phenyl-Sepharose equilibrated with the same buffer. This activity was eluted with a gradient of 0-0.5 M kWh in 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6.5).
    Active fractions were collected, concentrated and dialyzed against 0.15 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.5. The sample was applied to a column of Con A Sepharose balanced against phosphate buffer, and then eluted with 50 mM c-methyl D-mannoside in phosphate buffer.
    Active fractions were concentrated, applied to a column and eluted in 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5.
    Active fractions from the elution step were collected, concentrated and applied to a Sepharose wheat grain lectin column (10 ml), equilibrated with 0.15 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.5. The enzyme was eluted with 0.45 M N-acetyl-Oglucosamine in phosphate buffer.
    Active fractions from the above step were collected, concentrated, dialyzed against 0.15 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, and applied to a column containing blue Kef-6B Sepharose, equilibrated with phosphate buffer. After washing the column with buffer, 10 mM NAD and 10 mM NADP were fed. After washing with a pyridine nucleotide buffer, the enzyme was eluted with 0.9 M EHR in 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5.
    Active fractions from the blue Sepharose column were dialyzed against 25 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, and applied to the column, with heparin-Sepharose equilibrated with the same buffer, eluting with a 140 ml gradient of 0-1.0 M NaCI in phosphate buffer. Received three fractions.
    Fraction A contained UV absorbing material that did not bind to heparin-Sepharose. It was purified on a Sephacryl G-300 column. The sample was eluted in 25 mM Tris HCI. pH '7.5.
    Fraction A, B, and C were dialyzed relative to 25 mM Tris HCI, pH 7.5, and then concentrated to 1 ml in membrane ultrafilters. Fraction C was used to obtain antibodies VKDVO in accordance with the description given in the example below.
    Example 3. The rabbit was injected subcutaneously with 30 μg VK-DVO (fraction C), together with Freund's complete supplement. Immunization was further accelerated by 5 injections of 30 μg VK-DVO in incomplete Freund supplementation at one-month intervals. 2 weeks after the last dose, the rabbit was collected blood. The IgG fraction of antiserum was isolated by adsorption and desorption from Protein-A-Sepharose material in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. Elution was carried out with 0.1 M glycocol HCI, pH 3.0. The collected IgG was titrated at pH 7.0. After that, IgG was dialyzed against 0.1 M sodium carbonate (pH 8.3), 0.15 M NaCI (connecting buffer).
    IgG was diluted to a concentration of 5-8 mg / ml using the connecting buffer. CNB activated Sepharose was added, incubated with shaking overnight at 4 ° C. The buffer was aspirated from the gel and analyzed for the remaining protein. More than 98% binding was generally obtained. The gel with bound IgG was blocked with a suspension of 1 M ethanolamine overnight at 4 ° C, washed with “connecting buffer”, then 0.1 M sodium acetate (pH 4.0), 0.5 M NaCl. The gel was stored in an azide coupling buffer as an antibacterial agent.
    100 μl of a 50% suspension of anti-VK-DVOSefarose was added to 0.5 ml VK-DVO in the “connecting buffer”. Carried out parallel control incubation using 100 μl of a 50% suspension of Sepharose 4B. The solutions were shaken overnight at 4 ° C and then centrifuged. The residual activity in the solution treated with Sepharose 4B was 2080 units / ml, and in the solution treated with anti-VK-DVO-Sepharose 720 units / ml. Using these numbers, it can be calculated that 1 ml of anti-VK-DVO-Sepharose gel binds 13500 units of VK-DVO (approximately 120 μg). These calculations were used to draw up a plan for adsorption of VK-DVO from human tissue homogenates.
    Example 4. Immunoadsorption VKDVO in anti-VK-DVO-Sepharose.
    About 10 L of umbilical cord extract was prepared in accordance with Example 1. The VK-DVO content in the extract was about 150 u / ml. If the gel binds 13500 u / ml (see Example 3), adsorption of all VK-DVO in 10 ml of extract required approximately 110 ml of anti-VKDVO-Sepharose.
    The extract was subjected to centrifugation (6000x. 30 min) so that. to remove precipitated protein. Then, 110 ml of anti-VK-DVO-Sepharose was added to the upper layer, the mixture was incubated overnight at 4 ° C with stirring. The gel was separated from the extract on a glass funnel, washed with 50 mM potassium phosphate (p'H 7.0), 0.5 M NaCl.
    The gel was packed in a chromatographic column, elution was started with 50 mM phosphate K (pH 7.0), 0.5 M NaCI at a rate of 50 ml / h, and absorption was recorded in the region of 280 nm. Elution was continued until very low values were reached at A280. Next, VK-DVO was eluted with a linear KSCN gradient of 0.5-2.5 M in 50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0. The total volume of the gradient was 500 ml, and the elution was carried out at a rate of 30 ml / hour. The desorption of VK-DVO proceeded slowly and the elution could not be accelerated.
    Elution of VK-DVO is not complete at the end of the 2.5 M KSCN gradient, but elution is not continued so as not to collect VK-DVO. which becomes too denatured due to the high concentration of KSCN.
    The first activity in the gradient was not collected, since it contained too many impurities of non-specifically bound protein (Agar).
    Example 5. Adsorption and elution from DEAE-Sephacel.
    In the collected eluate from the anti-BK-DVO-Sepharose column, 1-aminomethylpropanol was added to a final concentration of 10 mM. The solution was titrated to pH 9.0 using 1 M NaOH, diluted with 5 volumes of distilled water. To the resulting solution was added 40 ml of DEAE-Sephacel, balanced with 50 mM sodium phosphate, 0.5 M NaCl, 175 mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.6.
    VK-DVO was adsorbed on DEAE-Sephacel with stirring overnight at 4 ° C. DEAE-Sephacel was then collected on a glass funnel, washed with a solution of 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, and filled with a 2.5 cm diameter chromatographic column. This column was first eluted with approximately 4 volumes of the above buffer. Then VK-DVO was eluted with a solution of 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 6.5), 0.25 M NaCl. Fractions were dialyzed against 25 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.5, and concentrated to a volume of 2 ml.
    Example 6. Final purification of VK-DVO on heparin-Sepharose.
    Four separate portions of the eluate from DEAE-Sephacel, obtained in accordance with the description above, were divided simultaneously on heparin-Sepharose. Enzyme solutions to be applied to the column were dialyzed against 25 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.5.
    ml of heparin-Sepharose gel was washed with 25 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.5, containing IM NaCI, and then with a buffer without NaCI. Heparin-Sepharose was used to fill the chromatographic column with a diameter of 2.5 cm, and elution was started with 25 mM potassium phosphate (pH 6.5) at a rate of 15 ml / hour. A VK-DVO solution (approximately 10 ml, 800,000 units) was applied to the column and absorption was observed at 280 nm. VKDVO was suirable using a gradient of NaCI from 0 to 1.2 M NaCI. The gradient volume was 400 ml. VK-DVO was eluted at three peaks: one with no affinity for heparin, one with an intermediate affinity, and one with a high degree of affinity. These peaks correspond to fractions A, B, C described in Example 2. After purification using the described procedure, almost all activity is of type C, and therefore it was concluded that it is an apparently native form of the enzyme.
    The collected activity was 430,000 units (approximately 4.3 mg). The specific activity was 81100 (units per ml / Ageo). The collected activity was approximately 53% of the activity deposited on heparin-Sepharose.
    Example 7. Amino-terminal sequence of human VK-DVO.
    Human VK-DVO. obtained in accordance with the description given in the previous examples, was analyzed to identify its (N-terminal) amino acid sequence. It was found that the sequence of the first 33 amino acids has the following form:
    TRP NHR GLY CLU ASP SER ALA GLU PRO ASN SER ASP ASP
    ALA GLU TRP ILE ARG ASP MET TYR ALA LYSVALTHRCLU
    ILE TRP GLN GLU VAL MET GLN
    This sequence - or its corresponding part - can be used to obtain synthetic DNA probes, synthetic deoxy oligonucleotides, complementary to both the coding and non-coding strands of the DNA sequence encoding the amino acid sequence indicated above.
    Such probes can be used in hybridization experiments with cDNA libraries synthesized by mRNA from VK-DVO-producing cells or tissues in order to isolate a full-length cDNA copy or part of a VK-DVO gene as described below. an example.
    PRI me R 8. Cloning and the formation of a sequence of human VK-DVO.
    Obtaining a DNA probe.
    Human VE-DVO was purified from umbilical cords in accordance with the description of Examples 1-6, and the sequence of the first 33 N-terminal amino acids was determined in accordance with the description of Example 7. Based on this amino acid sequence, a 48-mer dioxy oligonucleotide was synthesized:
    5-CAGGGACATGTATGCCAAGGTGACT GAGATCTGGCAGGAGGTG
    ATGCA-3 1 is complementary to the coding strand of the BE-DVO gene.
    Isolation of human placenta cDNA.
    Eight nitrocellulose filters, on which 20,000 plaques of recombinant phages containing a cDNA library were placed on each filter, were first impregnated in 5 x KCH and then pre-hybridized for one hour at 41 ° C in 40 ml of 20% formamide, 5 x Denhardt's solution, 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.8 and 50 μg / ml denatured, sonicated, bovine thymus DNA. Next, the filters were hybridized with a 32p-labeled 48-mer probe described above. Hybridization was carried out in a pre-hybridization solution to which 100 μ Μ ATP (final concentration) was added over 18 hours at 41 ° C. After incubation overnight at 41 ° C, the filters were washed once in 0.2 x SPF at 37 ° C, and then washed 4 times in 0.2 x SPF, 0.1% SDS at 37 ° C and dried on air. Filters were exposed on an X-ray film overnight. Each filter contained approximately 6 positive plaques.
    Hybridization-positive phages were isolated and purified, and DNA was extracted from these phages. The length of cDNA inserts was determined by agar gel electrophoresis after digestion of phage DNA with endonuclease EcoR1. The recombinant phage carrying the longest cDNA insert was designated by λ SP3 and used in further studies, the cDNA insert of the λ SP3 phage was analyzed by endonucleases and inserted into DNA plasmids p V C18 and M13 vector tr 9. The insert from λ SP3 contained 1396 pairs bases (bp) of cDNA and a readable region encoding a protein of 240 amino acids, as well as an untranslated 5 1 region of 60 bp and untranslated C 1 region of 607 bp
    Subcloning and analysis using restriction endonucleases of cDNA inserts encoding human BK-DVO. .
    Approximately 30 / <ASP3 gDNA was transplanted with EcoR1 endonuclease and the cDNA insert was separated from the λ DNA by electrophoresis on a 6% polyacrylamide gel. About 0.2 μg of the cDNA fragment was isolated from the gel by electroelution, extraction with phenol and chloroform, and ethanol precipitation. 0.05 μg of an isolated cDNA fragment was ligated with 1 μg of P VC18 DNA at the EcoRI site. After ligation, the DNA was transformed into E. Coll HB 101 strain. The transformed cells were selected on plates containing ampicillin. A recombinant plasmid carrying the cDNA insert was identified and designated via pLS3. The DNA of plasmid pLS 3 was analyzed using endonucleases.
    Analysis of the DNA sequence of cDNA encoding human VK-DVO.
    A consecutive series of overlapping clones of the cDNA insert was formed in M13 vector tr 9, the complete nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined, and it was found to be 1396 bp in length.
    This cDNA insert has a readable region of 240 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of the purified mature protein begins at amino acid +1, which suggests the existence of a signal peptide of 18 amino acids. Like the known signal peptides, this amino acid sequence is rich in hydrophobic amino acids and, in addition, the last residue is alanine, which is one of the amino acids found at this position in the known signal peptides. Amino acid sequences were identified by peptide sequence analysis.
    Another distinguishing feature of the DNE sequence is the sequence found in the codon of the start of translation, == CAGCCAUGC -, which is homologous to the sequence for the eukaryotic properties of the beginning, CC / JCC-AVG / G /. In addition, a possible polyadenylation signal with the ATTAAA- 'sequence homologous to the postulated coordinated sequence AATAAA was detected after 14 bp. upward from the end of polyadenylation.
    Expression of human VK-DVO in CHO cells.
    An expression vector containing the beginning of replication, early and late promoters, polyadenylation sequences and terminations of Monkey Virus 40 (SV 40) was used to produce human VK-DVO encoded in the cDNA described above. 1396 bp cDNA were inserted into a single EcoRI site located between the SV40 early promoter and the SV 40 polyadenylation and termination sequences so that the expression of the human VK-TWO coding sequence is driven by the SV40 early promoter. The thus-constructed VK-TWO expression plasmid was designated as pPS3.
    μg of pPS3 DNA was digested with endonuclease Pst1 at a single site located in the '/ 3-lactamase gene. The linearized pPS3 DNA was transfected with 0.5 g of DNA from a plasmid containing the geniticin resistance sequences (G-418 sulfate) in CHO-клет cells (ATCC CC 61). After transfection, the cells were selected by growing in medium (Hams F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, streptomycin and penicillin) containing 700 μ.Γ per ml of Geniticin, Geniticin resistant colonies. isolated and propagated in the same medium. The medium was recovered at regular intervals and analyzed for the presence of ECTB with ELISA, and enzyme activity was measured as described below.
    One of the obtained cell lines was designated through CHO-KI / pPS3 Zneo-18 and was selected for subsequent studies
    Decreasing VK-DVO into the culture medium by CHO cells containing a gene encoding human VK-DVO.
    Clone CHO-K1 / pPS3-Heo-18 and parent cells of CHO-K1 were grown in Ham F-12 medium containing 10% calf fetal serum. Three days later, the medium was removed, and the cells were washed twice, incubated in a solution containing 40 mM Tris-HCI, 140 mM NaCI and 1 mM EDTA. The recovered cells (approximately 8x10 °) were centrifuged, the upper layer was decanted, and the cells were stored at -80 ° C as a precipitate. Cells were destroyed by ultrasound in 1.5 ml of a solution containing 50 mM phosphate K, pH 7.4, 0.3 M KB, 3 mM DTPA, 0.5 mM PMSF and 100 u / ml trasylol. The homogenates were centrifuged. A special determination of the amount of VK-DVO was carried out by incubation of homogenates and culture medium with immobilized antibodies relative to human VK-DVO and human CuZn DVO. No trace of VK-DVO was detected in the parent cells of CHO K1 or in their culture medium. It was found that the culture medium after the clone of CHO-KT / pPS Zneo-18 cells (15 ml) in this particular experiment contains 51 units / ml ECCE, and only 765 units. Cell homogenate (in 1.5 ml) contains 71 units. TWO activity, of which 20 refers to VK-DVO. Thus, 97.5% of VK-DVO in the culture of CHOK1 / pPS Zneo-18 is secreted on Wednesday.
    The production of human VK-DVO in CHO cells.
    The production of human VK-DVO by this clone in the case when the cells were grown on a solid support and in suspension.
    1. The production of VK-DVO by CHO-K1 / pPS Zneo-18 cells grown on solid supports.
    a) 4.5 x 10 were inoculated into a 175 ml flask. 6 cells in 30 ml of F12 Ham medium with 10% bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, streptomycin and penicillin. Cells were incubated at 37 ° C in an atmosphere of 5% COg. The medium was changed every three days, and the concentration of human VK-DVO secreted on Wednesday was determined. The productivity of human VK-DVO was 1.5 pg. cell '1 · 24 hours', which was established using ELISA and determine the activity of the enzyme VK-DVO.
    b) Cells were grafted onto microcarriers of 4 mg / ml in Ham F12 medium, to which 5% calf fetal serum, 2 mM L-glutamine were added. streptomycin and penicillin.
    Cells were grown in a flask with a 500 ml stirrer at a temperature of 37 ° C in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2. When growing merged cells, the culture was replaced at a rate of 0.088 hour 1 .
    The productivity of the human ECCE was 0.50 pg whisk ' 1 -24 hours' 1 .
    2, BK-DVO production by CHO-K1 / pPS Zneo-18 cells. grown in suspension culture.
    2 x 10 5 cells / ml were inoculated onto 125 ml medium (Ham F12 medium, to which 10% calf serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, streptomycin and penicillin were added). This culture was incubated in a rotating flask at a temperature of 37 ° C in air containing 5% COg.
    Every three days, the medium was replaced. The productivity of human VK-DVO was 0.65 pg cell ' 1. · H' 1 .
    Tests for the detection of expression of human VK-DVO.
    1. Assay with an immunoadsorbent that binds an enzyme (ELISA). On a microtiter plate, 100 μl was applied to a recess, a solution containing 15 μg per ml of rabbit anti-B K-DVO polyclonal JgG antibodies (Example 3) in 15 mM No. 2 COz, 35 mm IaHCO3, 0.02% N 2 N3, pH 9.6. After overnight incubation at room temperature, the plates were washed with PBS buffer (1'0 mM sodium phosphate, 145 mM NaCI, pH 7.2), incubated for 30 minutes at 37 ° C, 200 μL was added to the recess of a solution containing 3% (w / v) bovine serum albumin in PBS and washed in PBS. Samples in 100 μl of diluted medium were added to each well and incubated for 1 h at 37 ° C. The plates were washed for 1 h at 37 ° C with 100 μl per well of a solution containing 8 μg per ml of anti-BK-DVO mouse monoclonal antibody in 3% bovine serum albumin in PBS. After washing with 5% Tween 20 in PBS, the plates were incubated for 1 h at 37 ° C with peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse rabbit antibodies in 3% bovine serum albumin in PBS. The plates were washed with 5% Tween 20 in PBS and incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature in the dark with 100 μl per well of a substrate solution (50 mM sodium citrate. 100 mM sodium phosphate, 0.04% (w / v) o-phenylene diamine, 0.01% H 2 O 2 , pH 5.0). The reaction was terminated by the addition of 25 μl of 10% SDS to the recess and the absorption was measured in the 450 nm region.
    2. Determination of the activity of the enzyme VK-DVO.
    Samples were analyzed before and after their processing with anti-human VK-DVO immobilized on Sepharose (Example 4). The difference between the activity of the sample before and after adsorption by antibodies was taken as VK-DVO activity.
    PRI me R 9. Induced heparin release of VK-DVO in human plasma.
    200 units / kg of body weight of heparin was injected into two healthy men, starving overnight (a) at the age of 34 years and (b) at the age of 40 years. Blood samples were taken before injection of haparin and at equal intervals after injection. Blood samples were injected into vacuum tubes of the Terumo Venoject type, containing EDTA as an anticoagulant, and then centrifuged. After centrifugation, plasma samples were stored at a temperature of 80 ° C until analysis.
    In addition, 20 ml of whole blood was taken from three healthy people and stored in an EDTA tube, as described above. This blood was divided into two equal parts and 30 units were added to one of them. heparin / ml, and in another equal volume of 0.15 M NaCl. After incubation for 30 minutes at room temperature, the sample was centrifuged and the plasma was collected for a VBO analysis.
    TWO activity was analyzed using a direct spectrophotometric method using KO 2 . One unit of DVO activity corresponds to 8.3 ng of human CuZn DVO, 8.8 ng of human BK-DVO, and 65 ng of bovine Mn-DVO. The difference between plasma isoenzymes is enhanced by antibodies to human CuZn DVO and VK-DVO immobilized on Sepharose 4B.
    Intravenous injection of 200 units. heparin per kg of body weight leads to a rapid three-fold increase in BK-TWO activity in plasma. The maximum increase was obtained after 5 minutes. Activity remains high for 15-30 minutes, and then gradually decreases and reaches its initial level after 6 hours. Introduced by the intravenous method, heparin had no effect on the activity of plasma CuZn DVO and on the activity of DVO resistance to cyanide. Increasing doses of heparin lead to an increase in the release of VK-DVO.
    Contrary to the results obtained in a living organism, the addition of heparin to whole blood did not have any effect on the activity of VK-DVO in plasma. Even the addition of heparin (5 units / ml) directly to the plasma did not lead to any changes in the activity of VK-DVO. These results indicate that an increase in the activity of VK-DVO in the plasma of a living organism is not associated with any release of the enzyme from blood cells or activation of VK-DVO. contained in plasma.
    Plasma samples from 5 healthy people (3 men, 2 women) were subjected to chromatographic analysis on heparin-Sepharose at room temperature in columns containing 2 ml of heparin-Sepharose with 25 mM potassium phosphate. pH 6.5 as eluent. Samples (2 ml of plasma) were introduced at a rate of 4.2 ml / h, and when A 2 80 reached the coordinate axis, the boundary components were eluted using a linear NaCI gradient in potassium phosphate buffer (0-1 M, total volume 50 ml) with speed of 9 ml / hour. The average yield of TWO activity in the eluate was approximately 95%.
    Before applying the sample, the plasma was equilibrated with an elution buffer for chromatography on small Sephadex G 15 columns. Chromatography resulted in three-fold dilution of the samples. Extraction of TWO activity was close to 100%.
    The results of determining the fractions A, B and C VK-DVO in five types of normal plasma are given in table. 1 placed below. It was found that these three fractions approximately make up equal parts in normal plasma. The average yield of VKDVO activity in the chromatogram was 95% ’. The separation into three fractions obviously does not occur due to secondary destruction in the laboratory, since the structures for each type of plasma are the same both before and after storage for 3 days in the refrigerator. Intravenous injection of heparin to the patient leads to a significant increase in only fraction C. Fractions A and B remain unchanged. In the second test patient (these data are not shown), the effect of heparin injection was essentially identical. Fraction C increased from 7 to 32 units / ml of plasma.
    The experiments described above show that intravenous injection of heparin leads to a rapid increase in plasma BK-DVO activity. Heparin does not activate BK-DVO, so no release from blood cells can be proven, and this suggests that the surfaces of endothelial cells are the most likely source of released BK-DVO. Several other factors with an affinity for heparin, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, diamine oxidase and platelet factor 4 were previously subjected to a similar analysis and it was found that by intravenous injection of heparin, their rapid release is observed. In most of these cases, it is clear that heparin-induced displacement of protein from heparin sulfate on the surface of endothelial cells is an explanation for this phenomenon. It is very plausible that the release of B ΚΑΒΟ can be explained by the same effects.
    No peaks in the release were obtained with heparin administration at doses up to 200 u / kg body weight, which shows that for the maximum release of ECCE, more heparin is needed than for lipoprotein lipase, diamine oxidase, hepatic lipase and platelet factor 4. Relationship between affinity for heparin with heparin sulfate, it may be lower for VK-DVO than for other proteins.
    The main human plasma contains almost equal amounts of fractions, A, B and C of VK-DVO. Intravenous injection of heparin leads to the release of only fraction C with a high affinity for heparin, which, obviously, is a form having an affinity for the surfaces of endothelial cells. Here, a 4-6-fold increase was achieved, but it is very likely that higher doses of heparin would lead to higher proportions. Much higher proportions were reached for lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, diamine oxidase, and platelet factor 4. Compared with these proteins, the endothelial binding of VK-DVO was much weaker. Apparently, for fraction C VK-DVO, there is a balance between plasma and the surfaces of endothelial cells. Most of the VK-DVO in the vascular system is located on the surfaces of endothelial cells.
    The molecular basis for the difference in affinity for heparin between fractions A, B and C of VK-DVO has not yet been established. The amino acid and more detailed compositions do not differ very much. Nor could any antigenic differences be detected. The binding to negatively charged heparin obviously does not have a general ion-exchange nature, since no differences between fraction A and C were detected by ion-exchange chromatography and, moreover, their isoelectric points are identical (pH 4.5).
    Most types of body cells contain heparin sulfate and other sulfated glucose-aminoglycans on their surfaces. It is possible that most of the VK-DVO is contained in tissues.
    located on the substances of cell membranes and connective tissue.
    Example 10. Injection of 1251-labeled human VK-TWO rabbits
    VK-DVO umbilical cord labeled with iodine-125. Localization was detected on the chromatogram in the same place as for unlabeled VK-DVO; this fact shows that the molecular size did not change.
    The resulting labeled VK-DVO was chromatographed on heparin-Sepharose. For subsequent experiments, only material with a high affinity for heparin was used.
    Labeled VK-DVO was administered intravenously to rabbits, blood samples were taken in order to determine the radioactivity remaining in the plasma. Plasma samples were precipitated using trichloroacetic acid, and radioactivity was determined in protein pellets, which were obtained by centrifugation. Rabbits were given iodide in drinking water in order to prevent the label from reintroducing into proteins in a living organism.
    In order to study the effect of heparin, at various intervals, rabbits were injected with heparin (2500 units) intravenously. 100% corresponds to the radioactivity that plasma should theoretically contain under the assumption that the total plasma volume in rabbits is 5% of their total weight (for example, a rabbit weighing 3 kg contains 150 ml of plasma).
    After injection of labeled VK-DVO, a rapid decrease in activity is detected within 5-10 minutes by about 15% of the theoretical maximum. When heparin was injected before VK-DVO administration. then almost all VK-DVO activity remained, only its slow decline took place. When heparin drove in and after 2, 5.10 and 20 minutes after the administration of 125 1-VK-DVO, there was a sharp increase in radioactivity and a theoretical maximum was reached in the peak region.
    Example 11. Analysis of the native ECTVO umbilical cord and recombinant. VK-DVO on heparin-Sepharose.
    About 500 units (4.4 μg) of native VK-DVO C and recombinant VK-DVO were chromatographed on heparin-Sepharose as described in Example 9. Both enzymes were found to elute at 0.52 M in a NaCl gradient. Thus, the native and recombinant VK-DVO behave identically and this result shows that the recombinant VK-DVO is of C type.
    Example 12. The content of copper and zinc in the molecule VK-DVO.
    The copper and zinc contents in the native VK-DVO of the umbilical cord and the recombinant VK-DVO were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry in a graphite burner on a Perkin-Elmer Himan 303 + HGA unit. The amount of VK-DVO protein, copper, and zinc in the preparations was compared. It was found that one mole of native VK-DVO (tetramer) contains 3.97 moles of copper and 4.50 moles of zinc. Recombinant VK-DVO contains 3.98 moles of copper and 4.45 moles of zinc per mole of enzyme. The results confirm that the VK-DVO molecule contains four zinc atoms.
    PRI me R 13. Obtaining monoclonal antibodies against human VK-DVO.
    The mice were injected with VK-DVO C obtained from umbilical cords (examples 4-6). After several months, mice were injected with VK-DVO for three consecutive days. On the fourth day, the spleens were removed and crushed. The spleen cells were fused to the myeloma cell line in accordance with standard techniques. Clones producing anti-VK-DVO. identified by 14FA and then subcloned. To obtain antibodies in large quantities, clones “14, B7 and 6, H6 were grown in the abdominal cavity of the mouse. Antibodies were isolated from ascites fluid by adsorption from Protein A-Sepharose.
    Example 14. Immobilization of monoclonal angi-VK-DVO on CN VZ-activated Sepharose.
    “6, H6 monoclonal antibody binds n-BK-TWO very strongly (CD <10 12 M). Antibody 14. B7 (Cd ~ 1Q ° M) was selected for the purification of VK-DVO. Before binding to CNBr - activated Sepharose, azide in (the gG solution must be removed and the buffer must be replaced with the “connecting buffer (0.1 M sodium carbonate, pH 8.3, 0.5 M NaCl). This step was carried out on a clone type PD 10. CNBr-activated Sepharose was allowed to swell, added to the IgG solution (in connecting buffer) in an amount of 2 mg IgG per ml gel, incubated at room temperature for about 2 hours on a vibrator, the buffer was removed and analyzed for the remaining protein. more than 97% binding was obtained. The JgG binding gel was blocked with 1 M ethanolamine at pH 9.3 for 2 hours at room temperature, the excess ethanolamine and the adsorbed protein were washed alternately with “connecting buffer and 0.1 M sodium acetate, pH 4.0. 0.5 M NaCl. and so on four to five times The gel was stored in a solution of 50 mM potassium phosphate pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCI 0.02% N2N3 The maximum binding capacity of monoclonal IgG-Sepharose was determined by incubation for 3 h in excess of purified VK-DVO and subsequent analysis of the remaining VKDVO activity in the upper layer after centrifugation. This result was compared with a similar incubation using Sepharose 4B.
    In 1 ml VK-DVO in the connecting buffer, 10, 50, 100 and 1000 / g L of a 50% suspension of monoclonal anti-VK-DVOSepharose were added, 80% suspension of Sepharose CB was incubated in the same buffer at room temperature for 3 hours, centrifuged, the remaining VK-TWO activities were determined in the upper layer. Using the numbers obtained, it is possible to calculate that the VK-DVO binding capacity of the gel is approximately 6,000 VK-DVO units per ml of a 50% gel suspension (~ 12,000 units / ml of gel). This figure is approximately 6% of the theoretical maximum binding capacity and is close to that which is generally achieved using randomly bound IgG.
    PRI me R 15. Isolation of recombinant VK-DVO when using at the initial stage of monoclonal anti-VK-DVO-Sepharose
    The entire cleaning procedure was carried out at a temperature of + 4 ° C. % liters of medium from a CHO-K1 / pPSHeo-18 cell culture containing 30 ^ units of VK-DVO activity (~ 2.6 μg) per ml are centrifuged. to remove any cell debris and sediment. In order to bind VK-DVO in the medium (~ 1,500,000 units), approximately 125 ml of monoclonal anti-VK-DVO-Sepharose was used. IgG-Sepharose was filled with a chromatographic column with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of about 6.5 cm. The column was washed with a solution of 50 mM sodium phosphate, 0.5 M NaCI ', pH 7.0, before application of the sample. The culture medium was applied to the column and absorption was observed at 280 nm. Proteins weakly bound to IgG-Sepharose were eluted with a solution of 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, 0.5 M NaCl. Next, the column was washed with 650 ml of 50 mM AMP (1-aminomethyl-propano / HCI, pH 9.0), and VK-DVO was eluted with 50 mM AMP-HCl, pH 9.0, Ί M KSCN. VKDVO activity was collected. In the next stage, the entire portion was diluted with 14 volumes of distilled water and titrated to pH 8.5 using 2 M AMP. The extraction at stage I gG - affinity was 60%.
    ml of DEAE-Sephacel was washed with 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, packed into a chromatographic column (0.5x5), a diluted portion of VK-DVO from JgG - the columns were applied to DEAE-Sephacel, the column was washed with a solution of 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 8 , 5, until the absorption in the region of 280 nm becomes close to zero. Elution was performed with a solution of 50 mm sodium phosphate, pH 8.5, 0.25 M NaCl. Fractions were collected, dialyzed against 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5. concentrated to a volume of 6 ml. The yield at this stage was 100%.
    VK-DVO was purified on heparin-Sepharose. 12 ml of heparin-Sepharose was prepared and washed with 5. mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, 1M NaCl. Then 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, and the column was filled. A concentrated and dialyzed fraction (6 ml with VK-DVO-activity of approximately 185,000 units / ml) was applied to the column, and absorption was observed at 280 nm. Elution was started with 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.5, when the absorption in the 280 nm region was approaching the coordinate axis, VK-DVO was eluted with a NaCI gradient from 0 M to 1 M, the volume of the gradient was 270 ml. In order to protect VK-DVO from exposure to high NaCI concentrations, the fractions were diluted (from the beginning of the gradient feed) with distilled water. A T-tube was inserted into a plastic pipe from the outlet end of the column and distilled water was pumped into the eluting liquid at a space velocity twice the rate of elution of the column.
    VK-TWO activity was eluted at the same NaCI concentration as the C-peak in Example 6. In the center of this peak, the eluate was collected (portion 1). The specific activity of portion 1 (units / ml divided by ADhwo) was 88,400. The specific activity of the native VK-DVO obtained from umbilical cord homogenate (see Example 1) using the same procedure was 88200.
    . Example 16. Determination of the molecular size of native VK-DVO and recombinant VK-DVO using gel chromatography.
    The molecular weight of the native enzyme. From the umbilical cord and the recombinant enzyme was evaluated using gel chromatography on Sephacryl C-300. Columns were calibrated using ferritin (440,000), JgG (150,000), bovine serum albumin (76,000), egg albumin ’(43,000), chymotrypsinogen (25,000) and ribonuclease (13700) (molecular weights are shown in parentheses).
    Native and recombinant VK-DVO were eluted from the column at positions corresponding to moles: m. 136000 and 151000, respectively. Thus, the recombinant VK-DVO was slightly larger. Part of this difference can be caused by partial degradation of subunits of the native enzyme, as can be seen in the TWO-PAGE experiments described below (Example 17).
    Example 17. Analysis of native VK-TWO umbilical cord and recombinant VKDVO electrophoresis in a gradient polyacrylamide gel.
    μg of each enzyme was freeze-dried, dissolved in 50 / <g of a sample mixture containing 5% sucrose, 5 mM EDTA, 5% 2-mercapto ethanol and 2% SDS in a buffer consisting of 0.4 M boric acid and 0, 41 M Tris, pH 8.64. Samples were boiled for 5 min and immediately cooled on ice. 1 μl (approximately 0.2 μg) of each sample was applied to a gradient (10-15%) polyacrylamide gel and dispersed in an electric field, stained in Kumasi. Recombinant VK-DVO has one strip with mol. m. approximately 32,000. The native VK-DVO has two bands, the one that is larger has obviously the same molecular weight as the recombinant VK-DVO, and the smaller one has a mole. m. approximately 28,000, which is probably caused by partial degradation of the enzyme.
    PRI me R 18. Comparison between the amino acid composition of the native and recombinant VK-DVO and the amino acid sequence obtained from the cDNA sequence encoding VK-DVO.
    The amino acid composition of the native ECBTO umbilical cord and the recombinant VK-DVO (tryptophan is not included in this comparison, since it cannot be reliably obtained in the amino acid analyzer) showed that the native and recombinant enzymes are almost identical in composition. The agreement with the numerical data obtained from the cDNA sequence is also very good. These results indicate that the native and recombinant enzymes are essentially identical and that the amino acid sequence obtained from the cDNA sequence is correct.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Dispensation Formulas
    A method for producing human extracellular peroxide dismutase, which consists in constructing pPS3-Heo 18 recombinant plasmid DNA containing a DNA fragment encoding the exact nucleotide exact p1lgmitase / higher oxides that is nucleotide and the sequence
    TrpThrClyGluAspSerAlAccIrGoDvpZ »rA» pS * gA1BGluTrpIleAgdAarMdV
    TGGACGGOCGAGOACTCGGCGGAOCCCAACTCTGACTCGGCOGAGTGGATCCGAOACATG
    ACCTGCCCGCTCCTGAOCCGCCTCGGGTTGAGACTGAGCCGCCTCACCTAOGCTCTaiAC
    30 40
    ΤυγΑΙaLygValThrCluTleTrpGlnGluValMetGlaArqArqAtpAspA »pQlyTh; TACGCCAAGGTCACGGAGATCTGGCAGOAGGTCATGCAGCOOCGGGACGACGACGGCACO ATCCGGTTCCAGTGCCTCTAGACCGTCCtCCAGTACGTCGCCGCCCTGCTGCTGCCGTGC
    50 60 LeuHlBAlaAJ BCvBGlnValGlnProSerAlaThrLtuABpAlaAlaGlnProArqVal CTCCACGCCGCCIOCCAGGTGCAGCCGTCGGCCACGCTGGACGCCGCGCAGCCCCGGGTfi GAGGTGCGGCGGACGGTCCACGTCGGCAGCCGGTOCGACCTGCGGCGCGTCGGGGCCCA ^
    70 '8Q ThrGlyValValLeuPhgArgGlnLeuAlaPcoArgAlaLygLevAgpAlaPhePheAl gj accggcgtcgtcctcttcccccct
    90 100 XteupltiGlyPhePioTJirGluProAsnSarSarSerArgAlalleHi in Wa1H1gGlnPhg, CTGGAGGGCTTCCCGACCGAGCCGAGAGTGCGCGGCCATCCACGTGCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
    110 120 GlvABpLeuSerGlnGlyCy »Glug» rThtGlyProHlBTyrAinProteuAlavalPro GGGGACCTGAGCCAGGGCTGCGAGTCCACCGGGCCCCACTACAACCCOCTGGCCCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCCGGGGGGGCCGGGGCC
    130140 Hi SProGlnHiBProGlyAapPhaGlyABnPheAlaValArqABpGlyScr LeuTrpArq CACCCGCAGCACCCGGGCGACTTCGGCAACTTCGCGGTCCGCGACGGCAGCCTCTGGAGG CTGGGCGTCGTGGGCCCGCTGAAGCCGTTGAAGCGCCAGGGGCTGCCGTCGGAGACCTCC g rLguA1 aGlyProRl 5 · r J1 «Va 1G1 var q Al aval
    ATGGCW§§ S rrSri ^ i ^ GCGGG ^ CGCA CTCCATCGTGGG'CCGGGCCGTG __ 00 'CoGACCGG.GGA ^ CGAGCGCCCGGGCGTGAGCTAGCACCCGGCCCGGCACi
    160 V 170
    ValValValHisAlaGlyGluAspAspLeuGlyArgGlyGlyAsnGlnAlaSerValGlu
    GTGGTCGTCCACGCTGGCGAGGACGACCTGGGCCGCGGCGGCAACCAGGCCAGCGTGGAG
    CACCAGCAGGTGCGACCGCTCCTGCTGGACCCGGCGCCGCCGTTGGTCCGGTCGCACCTC
    180 190.
    A s nGl yAs nAl a G1 y A r g A r g LeuAlaCysCysValValGlvValCysGlv P roGlyLau
    AACGGGAACGCGGG C CGGCGGCTGGCCTGCTGCGXSgTGGGCGTGTGCGGGCCCGGG CTC 'TTGCCCTTGCGCCCGGCCGCCGACCGGACGACGCACCACCCGCACACGCCCGGGCCG
    200 210: TrpGluArgGlnAlaArgGluHisSerGluArgLysLysArgArgArgGluSerGluCys TGGGAGCGCCAGGCGCGGGAGCACTCAGAGCGCAAGAAGCGGCGGCGCGGCGGCGTCGGCGTCGCGTCGCGTCGCGTCGCGTCGGTCGCGTCGCGTCGCGTCGGTCGCGTCGGGGTCGGTCGGGGTCGGGGTCGGGGTCGGGGTCGGGGCGGGGGGGCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 780
    220
    LysAlaAla ***. AAGGCCGCCTGAGCGCGGCCCCCACCCGGCGGCGGCCAGGGACCCCCGAGGCCQC.CCTCT <35 transform the obtained DNA cell line with subsequent isolation of CHO cells, cultivate by transformation and purification of the target product.
    Separation of VK-DVO-plasma into fractions A, B and C of VK-DVO, units / ml of plasma
    Age / gender Fractions A IN FROM 40 / male 5.9 6.2 7.0 34 / male 5.2 4.4 5.1 32 / male 2.3 5.2 6.4 33 / female 2,3 5.9 8.3 29 / female 3.3 6.1 7.3 Mean ± Art. off 3.5 ± 1.5 5.6 ± 0.8 6.8 ± 1.2
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NO871816D0|1987-04-30|
    AT69466T|1991-11-15|
    KR880700066A|1988-02-15|
    US5130245A|1992-07-14|
    WO1987001387A1|1987-03-12|
    FI871853A|1987-04-28|
    KR920008738B1|1992-10-08|
    DE3682505D1|1991-12-19|
    DK402785D0|1985-09-03|
    DK224587D0|1987-05-01|
    JPS63501473A|1988-06-09|
    HUT46059A|1988-09-28|
    CA1340329C|1999-01-26|
    CN86106774A|1987-07-15|
    IL79926A|1994-10-07|
    IE59078B1|1994-01-12|
    NO871816L|1987-07-02|
    FI100252B|1997-10-31|
    EP0236385A1|1987-09-16|
    JP2688190B2|1997-12-08|
    CN1030718C|1996-01-17|
    HU215937B|1999-03-29|
    NO301132B1|1997-09-15|
    DK224587A|1987-05-01|
    ZA871267B|1987-10-28|
    JPH08317793A|1996-12-03|
    JP2643934B2|1997-08-25|
    AU6370886A|1987-03-24|
    AU598756B2|1990-07-05|
    EP0236385B1|1991-11-13|
    IL79926D0|1986-12-31|
    FI871853A0|1987-04-28|
    IE862342L|1987-03-03|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DK402785A|DK402785D0|1985-09-03|1985-09-03|PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ENZYM|
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