• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the automation of machine tools, in particular, to devices for clamping a tool head when it is replaced in the drive spindle of the machine. The aim of the invention is to improve the reliability of the clamp and increase the life
    公开号:SU1720481A3
    申请号:SU884356541
    申请日:1988-10-06
    公开日:1992-03-15
    发明作者:Глазер Франц
    申请人:Хертель Аг Веркцойге@ Хартштоффе (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the automation of machine tools, in particular, to devices for clamping a tool head when it is replaced in the drive spindle of the machine.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the clamping reliability and service life of the tool head.
    Figure 1 shows a clamping device with a tool head attached thereto, side view; Fig. 2 shows the same, with section planes located on both sides of the middle longitudinal axis, forming an angle of 120 ° with each other, and a tool head located outside the recess of the spindle, intended for its installation; FIG. 3 shows a device with a tool shank fully inserted into the recess of the spindle (the beginning of the clamping process itself); figure 4 is the same, in the final position of the clamp; FIG. 5 is a section A-A in FIGS. 1 and 4; Fig. 6 shows a part of the tubular end of the tool shank, a clamping element, a clamping ball, a related segment of the clamping head and a clamping section of the clamping hook, axonometrics; Fig. 7 shows a device, an example of execution (instead of a separate employee for fitting the annular shoulder at the exit section of the spindle recess and, accordingly, the annular protrusion of the shank of the tool head for the purpose of additional centering, as well as torque transmission, end teeth act between the end faces the contact surfaces of the drive spindle and tool head).
    The device operates between the drive spindle 1 of a cutting machine (not shown) and the tool head 2 fixed therein. According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the tool head 2 is a milling cutter. A groove 3 formed around the circumference of the tool head 2, which in the clamping state (FIGS. 1 and 4) is located near the free end of the drive spindle 1, serves to grip the robot's hand, the kotor moves the different tool heads 2 one by one to the drive spindle 1 pulls them back again when changing tools. On the end side 4 of the drive spindle 1, a recess 6 is coaxial with the axis 5 of rotation of the spindle to install the axially projecting shank 7 of the tool head 2. The position 8 denotes the axis of rotation of the tool head 2 and, accordingly, the average longitudinal axis of the shank 7 of the tool head (FIG. 2).
    At the base 9 of the recess b, made in the form of a blind hole, there is a centered clamping head 10 of the clamping device 11 driven from the side of the machine.
    The diameter of the cylindrical clamping head is such that around it, with a corresponding gap 12 relative to the inner wall 13 of the recess 6, there remains an annular intermediate cavity 14 in the recess 6.
    The shank 7 of the tool head 2 is inserted in the axial direction 15 into the cavity 14 of the recess b of the spindle and is clamped in it by a clamping device.
    A clamping rod 16 is installed in the clamping head 10 of the clamping device, having the ability to move the drive spindle 1 in the axial direction 15. The direction of the clamping rod 16 is indicated by the position 17. The opening direction is opposite to the arrow direction 17. The clamping rod 16 has a circumferential groove 18 on the periphery which includes the end 19 of the set screw 20 that is screwed into the clamping head 10 in the radial direction. Due to this
    The mile 16 does not have the ability to rotate inside the clamping head 10. The clamping head 10 is mounted in the working spindle 1 as a separate part and fixed in the mounted position by the locking screw 21.
    In the clamping head 10 in the axial part entering the recess b, there are radial guide holes 22 in which one clamping ball 23 is placed. A total of three balls 23 and evenly are distributed along the periphery of the clamping head 10. accordingly, the three guide holes 22. Therefore, the adjacent axes 24 of the guide holes 22 form an angle of 25 with each other equal to 120 ° (Fig. 5).
    Clamping balls 23 are radially outward due to axial movement of clamping rod 16 in direction 17 of clamp. In this way, they ensure the clamping of the tool head 2 in the drive spindle 1.
    The shank 7 of the tool head on the free end section 26 is made in the form of a pipe or concentric about the axis of rotation 8 of the cylinder, the internal cavity 27 of which is bounded by the inner cylindrical surface 28. The internal annular groove 29 is made concentric with the axis 8 of rotation The tightening side on the machine side has a side wall 30 with an inclination in the form of an internal cone. The wall 30 of the groove forms an acute angle 31 with the axis of rotation 8 and, accordingly, with the axis of rotation of the spindle 5, converging in the direction of the clamp.
    At the level of the guide holes 22 on the peripheral surface 32 of the clamping head 10 there is an annular groove 33 in which three clamping elements 34 are installed in a recess and without the possibility of movement in the axial 15 and circumferential directions (Fig. 6). Each clamping element 34 on its inner side 35 experiences the pressure of the clamping ball 23. The clamping elements 34 are made in the form of annular segments (FIGS. 5 and 6). Their ends toward the periphery are spaced 36 apart. The clamping balls 23 press the clamping elements 34 in place of the liners 37 placed on their inner sides 35. The clamping elements 34 made in the form of conical segments by the surfaces 38 act on the side wall 30 of the inner annular groove 29 of the shank 7 of the tool head, creating a clamping pressure. During the radial movement of the clamping balls 23, the clamping elements 34 exert pressure on the shank 7 from the inside, acting both axially in the direction 17 of the clamp and radially in 5 direction 39 of the unclamping, which elastically expands and presses along the surface with the inner wall 13 of the recess 6. Simultaneously the tool head 2 with the flange surface presses 0 in the axial direction 15 to the front side 4 of the drive spindle 1.
    The outer circumference 40 of the shank 7 of the tool head is made in the form of a cylindrical fitting axle, which is inserted with a sliding fit into the recess 6 of the drive spindle 1, made in the form of a cylindrical hole, on the side opposite to the clamping surfaces 38,
    0 have chamfers 41 in the form of a conical segment, which form an acute angle 42 with the axis of rotation 8 and, accordingly, with the axis of rotation of the spindle 5, converging in the direction of the tool head 2.
    5 Edge 43 of the hole of the internal cavity 27 of the shank of the tool head 2 is provided with a beveled chamfer 44.
    The front section along the edge of the recess 6, which borders on the end side 4 of the drive spindle 1, is made in the form of a cylindrical annular step 45. The step 45 has an internal diameter that is larger than the internal diameter of the wall 13 of the recess 6. The inner circumferential wall of the cylindrical circular annular step 45 forms a place 46 landings for the corresponding annular protrusion 47 of the shank 7 of the tool head. The annular protrusion 47 of the shank 7 is located outside the tubular
    0 of the end portion 26 of the shank 7. When connected (FIGS. 3 and 4), the annular protrusion 47 of the shank 7 of the tool head ends to form a free cavity 48 with an axial gap 49
    5 in front of the end surface 50 of the cylindrical annular shoulder 45.
    Between the inner wall of the annular
    step 45 and the inner wall 13 of the recess 6
     drive spindle 1 has a transition annular surface 51, made in the form of an internal cone and acting as an input chamfer. An annular thickening 53 is formed on the end end 52 of the shank 7, the outer diameter of which is less than the outer diameter of the circumference 40 of the shank 7. The circumference of the annular thickening 53 is separated from the outer circumference 40 of the shank 7 by an annular groove 54. The transition from the outer circumference 40 of the shank 7 to the lateral surface 55 is annular groove 54 has the shape of a truncated cone.
    The clamping members 34 in the resting position (Fig. 2) do not protrude beyond the peripheral surface 32 of the clamping head 10 having a guide groove 56.
    The clamping members 34 have an axial protrusion 57. The radially outwardly engaging groove 33 on the lower side wall of the annular groove 33 engages radially outwardly in order to ensure that the clamping members 34 can only move in the radial direction 39.
    A clamping device is mounted on the clamping head 10, which provides for the radial movement of the clamping elements 34 in the unclamping direction 39. It consists of a clamping head 10 of screws 59 without heads which are screwed from the front side 58 and which lead through the upper side wall of the ring groove 33 of the clamping head 10 and are located along the radial movement path of the clamping elements 34. The front ends 60 of the screws 59 are formed balls 61 loaded with springs in the direction of screwing. These balls are loaded in the relaxed position of the tool head 2 and. respectively, with the clamping elements 34 (FIG. 2) of the facets of the chamfers 41 of the clamping elements in the initial position according to the type of ball lock,
    When the device of FIG. 7 is executed, on the front side 4 of the driving spindle 1 there are end teeth 62 with which the end teeth 64 located on the mating surface 63 of the tool head 2 are engaged in the insertion or clamping position. In this embodiment, the end teeth 62 and 64 perform the function of precise centering of the tool head 2 relative to the drive spindle 1, therefore eliminating the need for precise centering using the annular step 45 and the annular protrusion 47. At the top The nominal end of the clamping rod 16 is provided with clamping conical surfaces 65 converging in the direction 17 of the axis 5 of the spindle rotation. At the lower end of the clamping taper surfaces 65, locking recesses 66 are provided to accommodate the clamping balls 23 in the initial position. On the upper edge of the recess 6, a chamfer 67 is made on the tool side.
    In the described versions, there are three separate clamping
    element 34. But they can be combined into a single one-piece open on one side and radially expandable clamping ring, an annular groove 33 installed in the surrounding clamping head 10.
    The initial position for clamping the tool head 2 in the drive spindle 1 is shown in FIG. 2. First, the recess 6 of the drive spindle 1 is inserted
    0 tool head 2 with shank 7 up to the stop of the end mating surface 63 of the tool head 2 on the face side 4 of the drive spindle 1. This is the starting position of the clamp. In this clamping position, the clamping rod ha 16 is tightened in the clamp direction 17. In this case, the clamping balls 23 emerge from the fixing recesses 66 of the clamping rod 16. They are loaded with a circumferential surface of the clamping conical surfaces 65 and transition in the unclamp direction 39. The initial unlocking position is depicted in FIG. With the continuation of the movement of the clamping rod 16 in the direction 17
    5 clamps, clamping balls loaded on their inner side 35 by clamping balls 23 are also displaced in direction 39. In this case, their clamp surfaces 38 are superimposed on the side wall 30 of the inner annular groove 29 of the shank 7 of the tool head. However, they exert an internal pressure on the shank 7, acting both axially in the direction 17 of the clamp and radially in
    5 direction 39 unclamp. Under the action of pressure in the direction 39, the end portion 26 of the stem 7 is slightly stretched outward near the inner annular groove 29. This stretching is carried out in
    0 within the elastic deformation. However, due to the relatively precise fit between the outer circumference 40 of the shank 7 and the inner wall 13 of the recess 6 of the driving spindle 1 of this tension
    5 is sufficient to create a reliable force closure between the shank 7 and the driving spindle 1. In this case, an exact fit is achieved by the interaction of the annular step 45 and the annular
    0 of the protrusion 47, the drive spindle 1 and the tool head 2 (FIGS. 1-6). In the embodiment of Fig. 7, precise centering is provided by the interaction of the end teeth 62 and 64.
    5 To loosen the clamping connection, the clamping rod 16 moves in the axial direction 15 opposite to the clamping direction 17, until the clamping balls 23 again occupy a pole in the fixing recesses 66 at the upper end of the clamping rod 16, as a result this ensures the initial position of the jig. At the moment or, respectively, during this movement of the clamping rod 16, the tool head 2 is retracted by the robot arm in engagement with the groove 3 in the direction opposite to the clamp direction 17. In this case, the side wall 30 of the inner annular groove 29 through the surfaces 38 presses the clamping members 34 inwardly radially until the clamping members 34 protrude beyond the peripheral surface 32 of the clamping head 10 and, therefore, do not prevent the full end of the stem 7 tool head. In this position, the balls 61 of the screwless headless screws 59 load the chamfer planes of the 41 clamping elements in the manner of ball retainers. Thus, they hold the clamping elements 34 without loss in their original position, even if in this position the driving spindle 1 rotates, as a result of which centrifugal forces act on the clamping elements 34. After removal of the shank 7 of the tool head from the recess 6 of the drive spindle 1, the recess 6 is ready to receive a new head 2 with another tool. The tool changer cycle ends.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    Claim 1, A device for clamping the tool head when it is replaced in the machine's drive spindle, comprising a recess coaxial with the axis of rotation of the spindle, forming an annular cavity under the shank of the tool head, having an annular cavity with an annular groove on the inner surface of the insertion into the drive spindle , the side wall of which, coinciding with the direction of the head clamping, forms an acute angle with the axis of the drive spindle, a clamping device with a clamping head, driven from the side of the machine, interacting ones shank head when entering the latter in the axial direction into the annular cavity of the spindle for clamping it by means of clamping rods mounted in the central opening of the clamping head is movable in the axial
    the direction of the drive spindle and the interaction with the clamping elements, limited in movement in the axial direction and radially diverging
    5 with axial movement of the rod, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of the clamp and increase the service life of the tool head, the outer surface of the shank
    0 made in the form of a cylindrical fitting pin with an annular ledge on the side of the bearing surface of the tool head with a diameter larger than the internal diameter of the notch in the middle part of the annular cavity of the drive spindle, and an annular bevel on the side of the end of the shank, separated by an annular groove from the middle part of the shank of the tool head , and on-its internal
    0 the surface is also chamfered from the end face of the shank, and on the inner surface of the annular cavity of the drive spindle in the place of its mating with the cylindrical shoulder of the shank
    The 5 tool head is provided with an annular seat groove, coupled with the annular cavity of the middle part of the driving spindle with a conical inlet chamfer.
    [2]
    2. The device pop. 1, which differs - 0 with the fact that the clamping elements are supplied
    clamping surfaces made in the form of segments of the outer cone, corresponding to the side wall of the groove of the inner surface of the shank 5 of the tool head, made in the form of the inner cone.
    [3]
    3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the separating annular chamfer from the middle part of the shank of the tool head groove is made conical.
    [4]
    4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamping elements have at least one protrusion mounted with the possibility of interaction with a guide rail that is additionally made in the clamping head and is mounted radially outwards.
    [5]
    5. Device on PP. 2 and 4, characterized in that the clamping elements are limited in movement in the direction of their expansion by means of additionally inserted clamps, made in the form of adjustable ball clamps.
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    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE19873734052|DE3734052A1|1987-10-08|1987-10-08|QUICK-CHANGE CLAMPING DEVICE FOR MACHINE TOOLS|
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