Method for producing building materials

专利摘要:
The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used to create compositions for civil structures, in particular for road compositions. The purpose of the invention is to increase the water resistance of the material obtained. The method of preparing construction materials consists in treating fine-grained, clay or silt soil with a cationic hydrophobic substance in a mixture with an anoactive or non-ionic water-soluble mol.m. 30000-4000000, while the hydrophobic substance is taken in an amount of 0.1-0.2% by weight of the soil of the polymer 0.1-0.5% by weight of the soil, and the ratio between the polymer and the hydrophobic substance is 1-5. A hydrophobic substance is a substance selected from the group: stearylamine, fat amine, hydrogenated fat amine, and quaternary ammonium salts, such as dimethyl distearyl ammonium, dimethyl di fat, ammonium and dimethyldi (fatty hydrogenated) ammonium, and as a polymer — lignosulfonates, acrylic polymers, and acrylic polymers (polyhydric); copolymers, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacrylamides, hydrolyzed modified celluloses, polymers and copolymers of alkylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohols and water-soluble polysaccharides, especially gum l - Kieselguhr and scleroglucan. In addition, a mixture of a cationic hydrophobic substance with an anionic or non-ionic water-soluble polymer may include powdered mineral filler, the ratio between which, respectively, ranges from 1.5 / 1 to 3/50. The soil treated by the proposed method has a degree of hydrophobicity, characterized by a relative diffusion capacity of 0.90-0.995. 1 hp f-ly, 7 tab. § (L S VJ about 4 O CO O cm
公开号:SU1704636A3
申请号:SU864027346
申请日:1986-04-11
公开日:1992-01-07
发明作者:Бле Клод；Шабер Дидье；Фруен Лоран；Реймоне Жак-Луи；Лан Тран Нгок
申请人:Сека С.А. (Фирма)；Лъэта Франсэ, Репрезате Парле Министэр Дел, Юрбанисм Э Дю Ложман Лаборатуар Сантраль Де Понт Э Шоссе (Фирма)；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The invention relates to a construction site and can be used to create a composition for civil structures, in particular, for road surfaces.
The aim of the invention is to increase the water resistance of the material obtained.
The method is carried out as follows.
Soils with low hydrophobicity are treated by mixing with a cationic hydrophobic substance of the amine type, selected from the group including amines having at least one fatty chain, or salts of amines, and an anionic or ionic water-soluble polymer with mol.m. 30000-4000000, taken respectively in an amount of 0.1-0.2 and 0.1-0.5% by weight of the soil. In addition, in some cases, the soil is also treated with a powdery mixture of a cation-active hydrophobic substance with an anionic polymer, including a mineral filler.
Soils that are sensitive to water and can be effectively treated together with hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances can be fine-grained, sandy, gravelly, clay-sandy from loamy to very silty.
One of the reagents according to the inventive method is a substance or a mixture of substances selected from the group of cationic hydrophobic substances. Such products are long chain fatty amines of the general formula, where one of the radicals K is at least a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain containing from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, others with identical or different purposes, when they are not chains of the indicated type, are short hydrocarbon radicals with 1-A carbon atoms, or hydrogen, and the preferred substances are primary monoalkylamines: laurlamine, ole-ilamine, stearylamine, in their pure oh or technical form like copra amine or fat amine and hydrogenated fat. In addition, water-soluble salts of these amines are used, for example, chlorides,
acetates, formates, and quaternary ammonium derivatives of the general formula
Rix + RS - x
R2 R4 0
five
0
five
0
five
0
five
0
five
where at least one of the radicals R represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain with 10-24 carbon atoms, and the other radicals K, when they are not chains of the same type, are short hydrocarbon radicals that are the same or different containing 1-4 carbon atoms, X being an anion such as Cl, Vg or, and the preferred substances are dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, in pure or technical form, di (fats) dimethyl mm onium chloride or di (hydrogenated fat) -dimethylammonium.
Another reagent used according to the invention that exhibits synergism with the first agent is a hydrophilic polymer and a neutral or anionic macromolecule. It is known that adsorption of such structures by clays, adsorption, strongly differing from quasi-inverse adsorption of cationic, monomeric or polymeric compounds, resulting in flocculation, i.e. mechanical aggregation of particles, which modifies the structure of the material. Such non-restrictive products are selected from the following substances: lignosulfonates, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols; alkylene oxide polymers and copolymers, modified celluloses, oxyl cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose; polysaccharides, guar gum, alginates, xanthan, carrageenans.
There is a large range in the choice of these hydrophilic polymers because their molecular weight is 20,000-5,000,000, and it is adjusted so that the limit of the acceptable minimum for the molecular weight is the lower, the more pronounced the anionic character of this polymer, for example 300 (10 (10 dl: completely non-ionic hydroxyethylcellulose.
JOOOO for carboxymethylcellulose, rm the degree of substitution of which (1.9.
Under normal conditions of construction sites, the proposed materials are resistant to water if, prior to final laying, clay or silty soils are mixed with powdered compositions formed by a mixture of cationic hydrophobic substances with the specified hydrophilic polymers and mineral powders. These mineral powders are preferably chosen from among the pulverized fractions commonly used in public works, namely, fines obtained by crushing soft rocks (for example, non-crystalline limestone) or hard rocks (for example, silica basalts). Especially cheap are the fillers formed by the waste from the primary grinding of sands, which are often thrown away because of the high content of clay elements in them.
In the proposed method, powdered mixed compositions obtained by spraying with a cationic hydrophobic substance in a mixer in molten form or in the form of a concentrated solution, mixing and, if necessary, re-grinding, then mixing with the desired amount of hydrophilic polymer, also taken in powdered form, are used.
The degree of increase in water resistance of the material obtained is evaluated by the sensitivity of the control and treated materials to capillary elevation in a thin layer. To carry out this experiment, a thin layer of materials is applied to an appropriate base. After complete drying, immerse it in a liquid with its base and measure the movement of the wetting front as a function of time. The measurement is carried out according to the diffusion capacity.
„- 51 T) s
where and is the height of the wetting front,
achieved in time t. Material evaluation is carried out by comparing it with the same untreated material through relative diffusivity: P0-1)
one)
Ps
0
five
0
five
0
five
0
where 1) - diffusion ability
material for the proposed method; RF - diffusion ability
source material. From observations of the behavior of the soil at the construction site and when comparing these results with those provided by capillary lift, the evaluation rule applicable to the proposed materials follows. Then, any system that, with respect to the original primer, does not have a relative diffusion capacity of at least 0.90, is discarded.
Example 1. A material of the type Kg P, 1 wt.% Carboxymethylcellulose (CCT) characterized by mol.m. is processed. 90000 and a degree of substitution of 0.7, and then 0.1% by weight, of a hydrophobic composition based on stearylamine, called Stabiram 677.
Similarly treated material type A 0.5 wt.% The same CCT and 0.1 May. Stabirama 677. The results of the example are presented in Table 1.
From the data presented in Table 1, the advantage of the cation-polymer association is seen. In addition, the data indicates how a strongly clay material can be processed using a polymer-rich formulation.
Example 2. A material is prepared from natural loam (sludge) by treating this material, 0, T% CCT according to example 1 and 0.1% hydrophobic substance (Stabiram 677).
The quality of the material is evaluated in terms of consistency (density):
where C is the calculated consistency index;
LI, liquid limit; IT is the coefficient of plasticity; W - the mass content of water, expressed in relation to the dry material (in this case, take water ZOCH).
A comparative example is carried out with a primer treated by a known method with one hydrophobic agent Stabiram at a dose of 0.2%. The data are given in table 2.
The material is obtained as a result of mixed processing, pn nn N.
i / my conditions of humidity, represented by ss battle of the energies of the soil and in contrast to the initial match-up or only hydrofibrated material, the characteristic of which is unchanged under test.
EXAMPLE 3. Proceed in an analogous manner as in the preparation of various materials by using various hydrophilic polymers and various hydrophobic agents, starting from the same soil and in the same amounts as in Example 1.
The following hydrophilic polymers are used, the effect of which on the water resistance of the material is shown in Table 3.
Viscogum KV1UUT is guar gum (Kero-Rousselot-Satia S.A.);
Drispac Superlo is a carboxymethyl cellulose (Drilling Specialties Company);
Natrosol 250 (JR is hydroxyethyl cellulose (Hercules);
Ceca 1 gum S15 is an alginate (Kero-Kousselot-Satia S.A.);
Actigutn CS11 is esteroglucan (Mero-Rou sselot-Catia S.A.);
Actigum CX9 is xanthan (Kero-Rousselot-Satia S.A.);
Aubygum X23 is a carrageenan (Mero-Rousselot-Satia S.AO
N46RT polyacrylamide is a partially hydrolyzed polymer; .
HVNA polyacrylate is the sodium form and composition of the hydrophobic agents.
Stabiram 677 based on stearyl amine acetate;
Noramium M2SH, dimethyldi (hydrogenated fat) ammonium chloride;
Noramac S, stearylamine acetate.
EXAMPLE 4 An illustration of the molecular weight of a polymer, which is one of the parameters of product adaptation for a particular case of processing.
ground. one
The starting material, as in Example 1, is a class H soil, obtained from a% sand and 10% kaolin, 0.1% CCT and 0.1% Ptabiram 677 are added.
CMC is characterized by its average numerical molecular weight and is equivalent to the degree of substitution, i.e. carb number
five
0
five
0
five
0
five
0
oxmethyls of IX groups are angry with agglocenosis.
The effectiveness of the system is measured by a capillary lift test. Acceptable molecular weights are those that give the proposed material a relative diffusion capacity 1), at least equal to P, P5 (Table 4).
Example 5: Clay soil is treated at one time by mixing with a solution comprising a hydrophilic polymer and a cationic hydrophobic agent. Such a solution is easy to obtain if you first introduce the polymer into cold or warm water, then add a hydrophobic gent, preferably as a solution, and mix to homogeneity.
When treating the soil, in addition to the substances specified in Example 3, Rhodooiol 25/140 is used, which is a polyvinyl alcohol with a mol.m. 80000, and polyox (Polyox.) WSP - polyoxyethylene mol.m. 400 (1000. The results are shown in Table 5.
PRI me R 6. The proposed threshold mixtures are prepared in a Ledig-type mixer according to the following method. The fines are introduced into the apparatus, heated to 70-80 ° C with stirring, the cationic product is introduced in the molten state at the same temperature, the distillation is continued for 30 minutes, maintaining the temperature at 70-80 ° C, cooled to room temperature and the polymer is introduced, continuing to mix for 10 minutes. In this way, a ready-to-use powder is obtained.
In Table 6, in which the effectiveness of these mixtures is described, the terms used have the following meanings: cationic hydrophobic agent — Noran SH — amine of the fat produced; hydrophilic PAA polymers — hydrolyzed by 25% polnacrylamide mol.m. about, CMC - carboxymethylcellulose mol.m. about 130,000 and a substitution degree of 0.7.
For trivia, the term
Silicate trivia means lolnoI.
with silicate powder,
limestone
fines means chalk and porphyry fines means material separated by sieving through a sieve
The openings of size 1 micron are light from the crushing of rocks of the K.chry ron.
The ZS o-rectality of the treatment of the products according to the invention was monitored by testing a capillary lift (Table 6).
The results presented in Table L show not only the effectiveness of the proposed powder compositions, but also testify to their great convenience in choosing the mineral component without compromising the insensitivity to water of the treated material. In addition, it has been possible to treat heavy soils, like Soil A, with relatively high doses of polymer that are otherwise difficult to process efficiently at the construction site, either because the viscosity is too high, even if gelatinized solutions are desired, or because of the introduction of dilute solutions. unacceptable amounts of water.
Example 7. Preparing powder-like compositions intended for treating soils according to the proposed method, mixing thoroughly the CCF, mol.m. 9000 (1 and a substitution degree of 0.7, with amnified fillers.
Fluidiram KB 200 and Fluid Iran KB 30 are used, which are powders containing, respectively, 20 and 3% of the hydrogen amine (fat to produce a mixture of M (16.7 × CZC and 83.3% of Fluidiram KB 200) and K2 (3% KMU and 7% Fluidiram KB 30).
The soil B g of Example 1 is thoroughly mixed with one or the other of these powders and subjected to the capillary lift as in Example 1.
The results presented in Table 7 describe the properties of the soil treated with amounts of reagents equivalent to 0.1% polymer and 0.1% of a katnon hydrophobic agent in free form.
EXAMPLE 8: A processable soil, formed from 50% sludge from Orly and 50% kaolin, which is classified into the soil category AJ, is treated. This heavy material is particularly difficult to correct and in practice it is only possible to envisage the treatment with a powdery substance when the content of natural water in it is bordered by its limit of plasticity.
Q Q 5
0
.
e
five
With a fine fee, m.pgri.chl g "odes are kneaded with cprmchos.prllschchi proposed kompchpciep (a mixture of Mt formed from 50 tdundir m.ch KV200 and 50% CMC (mol.m. PROMI and the degree of substitution of 0.7) I
The data obtained diffusion capacity are given in t.chbl.K.
This example illustrates the treatment of the soil with a powdery composition with a ratio of organic compounds to mineral filler of 1.5 / 1, while the amount of hydrophobic substance and polymer is taken at 0.2X each of the mass of the soil; g.
As follows from the results of soil treatment, the proposed method ensures the achievement of high water resistance of the resulting material.

权利要求:
Claims (2)
[1]
1. A method of preparing construction materials intended for the construction of civil structures, in particular pavements, including the treatment of fine-grained or clayey, or silty soil with cationic hydrophobic amine-type substance in an amount of 0.1-0.2X of the soil mass, characterized in that increase the water resistance of the resulting material, as a cat ion hydrophobic substance using a substance selected from the group: sterilamine, fat amine, hydrogenated fat amine and salt from the group: dim tildistea- rilammonny, ammonium and dimetildizhirnyn dimetildn (hydrogenated fat) ammonium, wherein the soil treatment is carried out simultaneously with anionic or nonionic water-soluble polymer having a molecular weight 80000-4000 (1110, selected from the group: lignosulfonates, acrylic polymers and copolymers, pol-acrylates, polymethacrylates, polyacrylamides, hydro-role of other modified celluloses, hydroxy- and carboxyalkylcelluloses, alkydylene oxide polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, and averages and cell masses; the amount of 0.1-0.5% by weight of the soil, and the ratio between the polyimide and the cationic hydrophobic substance is -5.
[2]
2. The method according to claim 1, from l and i and ii - u and with the fact that the mixture is k.
gichrogloPtspich tichistla with an anionic or it rescued as a subcutaneous soluble polymer additionally contains a powder
ny mineral filler, the ratio between which respectively
ranges from 1.5 / 1 to 5/30. I
Table 1
The material obtained by mixed processing of 1.1% Gtabirama 677 + 0.1X CMC 1U8 40 Original 27UPCHO sand + Material obtained by kaolin) by mixed processing P, 1% Stabirama 677 - 0.5X CMC 56 MP
-ten
Options
consistency index
0.5
 Gatil S S
Staberm d77
Noraminn
Stabram 677
ABOUT
0.95
0 o
-ten
0.98
table 2
Loam data
, 2 T a b l and c a 3
0.962
0.97
0.997
O.UUZ
0.97
0.98
0.993
II
Polylcrylmide
hydrolysis
n
ekok in
Stabiram
677 -
Liquid
Aqueous solution - Semi-liquid site containing 5% Rhodoviol 25/140 Code solution containing Stabiram 677 S (15Q and Rhodpiol 25/140 (5%)
Coded solution contained Stabram
0, 1
12
Semi-fluid 10
Prosgae nne t bl, 3
Table3
0.6 1
0.56
0.70
12
0.52
0.90
15
6775 (10%) Semi-fluid 1 (1 And Rodoviol 25 / 14P (5%)
An aqueous solution containing Stabiram
677 S (IX) Semi-fluid 10 and Viskogum
(one%)
Aqueous solution, compatible with Stabiram 677 5 (1%) Semi-fluid 10
 (sand and Polioks
(|% WSR301 I
(1%) aolin Water
0%) target containing Stabiram
6/7 (2%) Viscous 5 and Natrool 25d Gk (22)
The treated solution (mass percent relative to dry ground).
I
Table
Silicatena control WAH control
Noran SH 5% PAA .SX
meIzvestkova trifle 9P% Noram SI Ü% RLA 5X
Porfnrona Machom N oran SH HRA 5%
1704636
sixteen
/
Continuation of table.5,
0.97
0.99
0.97
0.985
2200 MO
,-YU
90/10
-W
0.96
28-10
-1v
0.99
5 / -10
l "Oh
P.97
H
lina
Control
Al Izvestkov Me 70 ° / Loam (silt 5% KMI 25X
A- Control
Izvestkovy Maloch 707, Noran SH Ü% KKTs 25%
note Doses of powdered products
Treatments are mass doses expressed in relation to the dry weight of the soil.
/ -h “
Table 7
Material
Source1,77 Processing Material
r8
secret 2% mix M3 0.53-10
8N60-Shch-10
20.7 "Yu
- (0
0.99
4580-U
-Yu
25.3-111
-YU
0.99
Diffusion ability
one)
m2
7
r8
0.97

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法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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FR8505532A|FR2580290B1|1985-04-12|1985-04-12|NEW WATER SENSITIVE PUBLIC WORKS MATERIALS|

---