前苏联专利SU1674694A3 Method and apparatus for preparing molten iron-containing materials from finely divided ore

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专利摘要:
A method of producing iron from finely divided iron oxide comprising the steps of: mixing iron oxide or iron ore fines with finely divided coal and a binder to form a mixture, agglomerating the mixture by compacting, pelletizing, or briquetting the mixture to form agglomerates or pellets, introducing the pellets to a rotary hearth furnace to prereduce the iron in the pellets, introducing the prereduced pellets into a smelting reduction vessel as the metallic charge constituent, introducing particulate carbonaceous fuel and oxygen to the smelting reduction vessel through the bottom of the vessel to react with the melt or bath within the vessel, reduce the iron to elemental iron and form an off gas containing CO and H2+L, introducing the off-gas into the rotary hearth furnace as process gas to prereduce the pellets therein, and drawing off the hot metal from the smelting reduction vessel. The prereduced compacts are preferably discharged from the rotary hearth furnace at a temperature of at least 1000 DEG C. into the smelting reduction vessel to form the molten iron product.
公开号:SU1674694A3
申请号:SU874202505
申请日:1987-04-29
公开日:1991-08-30
发明作者:Канеко Дентаро；Чарльз Майсснер Дэвид
申请人:Мидрекс Интернациональ Б.В.Роттердам, Цюрих, Бранш (Фирма)；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The processes (above the temperatures at which the particles stick together) can be achieved using a rotary hearth furnace for direct recovery or pre-recovery, since the particles on the rotating hearth are not in close contact, especially if the layer thickness is one or two heights source particles.
The upper layer of particles is not enough to cause sticking of the particles of the upper layer to the particles of the lower layer.
To operate a rotary hearth furnace, a gas containing a high percentage of reducing agents (CO + N2) is needed. This gas is usually called high quality. Quality is defined as the ratio of reducing agents (CO + H2) to oxidizing agents (COz 4 H20) in a gas. Usually, the operation of a rotary hearth furnace requires high quality gas. However, according to the proposed method there is no need for such a high-quality gas, as in the chopper, the solid carbohydrate-containing reducing agent is contained in the material that has been reduced in a rotary hearth furnace. The quality g, at about 2.4, is quite enough to prevent reoxidation of reduced iron in a rotary hearth furnace, since such gas is n equal to the weight with iron at 1200 ° C. The reduction of iron oxide in a furnace with a rotating year occurs very quickly, since there are very high temperatures and close contact of iron oxide with a solid reducing agent on the hearth of the furnace.
If rotary hearth furnaces restore more than one layer of particles, then there is a noticeable difference in recovery between the layers.
The topmost layer first reaches the temperature at which the reduction takes place and, accordingly, a high degree of metallization in a short period of time.
The lower layers, which are shielded from direct heat radiation, require a longer time to reach operating temperatures, so they need more time to achieve the desired degree of metallization. The length of time after the belief of the layers reaches the desired degree of metallization, and while the lower layers increase the metallization is a critical time for the uppermost layer if the furnace gases are oxidized to iron. This causes a loss of the metallization of the uppermost layer, while the lower
layers are restored. To prevent these losses in the metallization of the uppermost layers, the rotary hearth furnace must operate on nozzles that
adapted for efficient operation for supplying gas in equilibrium with metallic iron. It is extremely difficult to obtain such gas using coal-fired burners. However, such
Atmosphere can easily be obtained with gas or oil burners and preheated air. The use of waste gases from a melting furnace with a reducing atmosphere eliminates these difficulties and makes it possible to operate rotary hearth furnaces on 100% waste gas without the need for additional quantities of gaseous or liquid fuel.
FIG. 1 shows the flow chart of the proposed method, which shows the equipment for its implementation and its main location; in fig. 2 - the basic equipment units with their preferred position, the slit; in fig. 3 is a schematic diagram in which a rotary hearth furnace is shown in more detail along with a smelting furnace with a reducing atmosphere operating according to the proposed method.
Iron ore from bunker 1, coal fines from the bunker and binder from the bunker
5 3 are conveyed by conveyor 4 to mixer 5, then to the 6-day ore-dressing device (for example, a pelleting pool or a dish-bottoming plate), the compacted pellets are conveyed by conveyor 7 to the furnace
0 rotary hearth 8 and spread onto moving under 9 using any distributing device. The pre-reduced pellets come from the rotary hearth 8 furnace to the smelter.
5 a furnace 10 through a charging chute 11 or any other device for loading. The preliminarily reduced pellets fall into the bath 12 of the molten metal. Melting furnace with reducing
0 the atmosphere has one or more bottom holes 13 for bottom blowing oxygen and specific carbon-based fuels, such as coal fines from the hopper 14.
5 A carrier gas, such as nitrogen or cooled waste gas from a smelting furnace with a reducing atmosphere from a source, moves coal particles through conduit 15 through tuyeres 16 to the bath. Oxygen from the source 17 through the pipeline 18 is blown into the bath for a separate set of tuyeres. The melting furnace with a reducing atmosphere is provided with an opening 19 for the production of hot metal and a slag tap 20.
If oxygen is supplied from the bottom of the bath, it is necessary to provide an oxygen inlet 21 in the upper part of the melting furnace with a reducing atmosphere to ensure the supply of the remaining oxygen necessary to complete the reaction with the carbon in the bath. The aperture 21 is directed downwards so that the flow is reflected from the bath, as well as to enhance circulation in the bath and to ensure better oxygen contact with the carbon contained in the bath to ensure the completion of the carbon reaction. For 100 hours of oxygen injected below the bath surface, 15-30 hours of oxygen should be injected through the opening 21 for subsequent combustion.
In another embodiment, preheated air can be used to provide oxygen in reaction with carbon. Air is supplied only above the bath surface through the opening 21. In this case, there is no need to introduce oxygen in any form below the bath surface.
The gas outlet 22 closes the upper part of the melting furnace 10 and connects to the openings 23 of the furnace with a rotating feed gas for combustion inside the furnace with a rotating feed 8.
The dryer 24 can be positioned between the granulator and the rotary hearth furnace (if necessary) to ensure drying of pellets in which the moisture content exceeds the norm.
Gas exhausted from the rotary hearth furnace can be passed through a heat exchanger 25 to preheat the air for combustion from a source 26 entering the rotary hearth furnace or through a heat exchanger 27 to preheat the combustion air from the source 28 entering a melting furnace with a reducing atmosphere, or through both, as shown in FIG. 1. Exhaust gases 29 from a rotary hearth furnace and / or exhaust gases from a melting furnace with a reducing atmosphere 30 can be used to add additional heating to local areas, for example, dryer 24.
In operation, iron oxide or iron ore in the form of fine ore or concentrate is fed from hopper 1 to mixer 5 together with finely divided solid reducing agent from hopper 2 to form a mixture. Coal can be used as a solid reducing agent.
coke breeze, charcoal fines or other carbonaceous material.
Auxiliary agents, such as bonding agents and sulfur removal agents from bunker 3, can be added to the mixture, as well as adding the right amount of moisture. Such additives include lime and bentonite or other suitable binders.
0 Lime acts as a sulfur removing agent in a smelting furnace. Bentonite acts as a binder. A sufficient amount should be added to the mixer 5. To maintain the degree of basicity,
5 at least 1.5. The resulting mixture is then fed from the mixer 5 to an apparatus for producing agglomerate such as, for example, granulator 6. Raw or wet pellets obtained in apparatus 6 to obtain
0 pellets can be dried in the dryer 24 or they can be passed around the dryer directly to the rotary kiln 8 through the container 7.
If materials containing a large amount of sludge are used to obtain the agglomerate, the agglomerate should be dried before being fed into the rotary hearth furnace in order to prevent spillage, since it is more difficult for small particles to pass through the sludge layer in the melting furnace. Dryer 24 is a completely arbitrary device. If the dried agglomerate is fed into one layer in a rotary hearth furnace,
5, coal is evaporated and iron oxide is reduced to more than 90% metallization over a period of about 8-15 minutes at a temperature in the reduction zone between 1260 and 1370 ° C. Waste
0 gases from a smelting furnace with a reducing atmosphere (SRV) provide both thermal and chemical heat for combustion in a rotary hearth furnace. The reducing agent is already present in the pellets or agglomerate in the form of small particles of coal, so there is no need to improve the quality of the exhaust gas, which is necessary when using shaft furnaces or fluidized bed furnaces.
0 Rotary hearth furnaces are often characterized as having several working areas. FIG. 3 arrows indicate the direction of movement of the hearth 9. Zone A The first zone is usually characterized as a zone.
5 drying / evaporating, zone B as the heating zone, and zone C as the recovery zone. Heating means 31 in the reduction zone are located on the outer and inner sides of the rotary hearth furnace. The partition separates zones A and C for
prevent mixing of gases between them. The boundary enters at 9 in zone A from conveyor 7. SRV waste gases from the gas outlet line 22 enter the rotary kiln through the inlet holes 23 at a temperature of about 1250-1370 ° C to achieve at least 90% m-alignment
The hot, pre-reduced pellets, metallized by more than 90% at temperatures above 1090 ° C, are fed to a smelting furnace with a reducing atmosphere in which the sinter melts to form a molten metal bath under a layer of slag. The molten metal is drained through the metal outlet 19, and The slag is removed through the slag tap. 20 The agglomerate contains some residual carbon, which is available for final reduction in the smelter, heated to a high temperature and evenly Rowan Since agglomerate contains carbon and fed to the melting furnace at such high temperatures which per tonne of hot metal snizhaetst power consumption compared with known usual processes ps i- scientists Chuguyiv
The coal used for the agglomeration of the proposed method should be finely ground 1-1 before the D-agglomeration was ground with a rodent of the size of the coal particles dolkhen to be less than 100 µg-1. For agglomeration of the briquetting of rls-particles, the particles should be less than 1 mm. BURNING, which is supplied to the smelting furnace with ASTRNOVIT TTsN JH atmosphere through tuyeres, should be crushed, preferably the particle size of its particles should be less than 1 mm
The method involves mixing crushed iron oxide with solid carbon-containing reducing agents to obtain a mixture, agglomerating CMt-si, feeding the agglomerate into a rotary hearth furnace to obtain a thin layer of agglomerate from one to three layers, heating wy agglomerate to a temperature of 1090 to 1370 ° C for min. Preference for 10–30 min for drying, heating and pre-reducing at least 50% of the udate of hot reconstituted Pcgchi rotary hearth and melt-down floors. The furnace, where it is plushchik and howling, is set up to obtain oasteplastic iron, which is then removed from the melting furnace, the supply of coal and oxygen to the melting furnace of the surface of the melted furnace. metal and metal reagents, removal of waste gas from a smelting furnace and combustion of removed waste gas as fuel in a rotary hearth furnace.
According to another variant of the proposed method, the preheated air is fed to a hot-melt furnace with a restored atmosphere over the bath and the direction of the air flow is such that
hit the surface of the bath. In this case, below the surface is a bath: neither oxygen, nor air, nor preheated, nor at room temperature, are injected any more. The only gas
which is supplied below the surface, AP CP gas carrier gas containing coal fines.
Table E shows typical operating parameters of the method under various conditions.
Thus, the invention will allow you to reduce the energy costs per ton of hot metal and the size of the melting furnace for a given performance.

权利要求:
Claims (2)
[1]
Invention Formula
1. The method of obtaining molten iron-containing materials / s finely ground ore, which includes the mixing of the racemetal by the fault of the ore, coal v
their granulation, pre-ary tagging, and the subsequent addition to melt use of the gases obtained during the exploration process during the pre-reduction stage; fuel, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and reduce energy costs, pre-restoration is carried out in
rotary hearth furnace, the temperature of overhead in the smelting a. regatta of granules is maintained at least 1000 ° C, g, in this case, e liquid bath serves fine-grained coal to the melting unit
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
[2]
so that the finely divided tol is replaced in part or in whole with a coke mill (I): And fines, wood charcoal.
3Sgooob ps p.1, about tl and h and y and i with te.-1 which is additionally below the surface
zhi, koi aanna supply oxygen.
4 Method according to n. 3, different IPM which is additionally to the surface
v T. TKOI bath serves oxygen.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized by that of every 100 chags: kisprod, i glc-nggo below the liquid bath, 1 CHO is used.
R | rhcost liquid /
6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that air is supplied above the surface of the liquid bath.
7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the air supplied above the surface of the liquid bath is preheated.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein that, to enhance the combustion, combustion air is supplied to the rotary hearth furnace.
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the combustion air is preheated.
Y. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the coal is set to
FROM 1C MKM TO 1 MM.
11. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground carbon-containing fuel is fed through the bottom opening of the melting unit.
12. A device for producing molten iron-containing materials from fine ore containing platinum
five
0
five
a strong furnace and a pre-reduction furnace connected with it via a transfer unit with heating and recovery means, means for mixing finely ground ore, coal and binder and a pelletizer and feeding them into the pre-reduction furnace, a pipeline to remove waste gases from the melting furnace and supplying them to a pre-reduction furnace, characterized in that the device is equipped with means for feeding finely ground carbon-containing material to the bottom the furnace, and the pre-reduction furnace is designed as a rotary hearth furnace with drying, heating and recovery sections, the pipeline for removing the exhaust gas from the melting furnace is connected to the recovery section, while the means for heating in the heating section are located with the outer side, and in the recovery section - both from the inside and the outside.
G / l LZJ LO
I I
& g. /
22
28
FIG. 2
eight
Fig.Z
26

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

JPH02228411A|1990-09-11|

AT402300B|1997-03-25|

ATA100687A|1996-08-15|

JPH0360883B2|1991-09-18|

US4701214A|1987-10-20|

GB8707679D0|1987-05-07|

GB2189814A|1987-11-04|

DE3714573C2|1993-02-18|

DE3714573A1|1987-11-05|

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法律状态:

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

US06/857,684|US4701214A|1986-04-30|1986-04-30|Method of producing iron using rotary hearth and apparatus|

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