• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An improved method for producing an ice layer suitable for ship model ice tests on a water surface by means of a spraying process is presented. Said improvement comprises the steps of creating a low-temperature atmosphere above said water surface, forming said ice layer by spraying water freezing in said atmosphere, leading said freezing spray onto said water surface, and continuing said spraying process to form thereby the entire or at least substantially the entire ice layer on said water surface.
    公开号:SU1523057A3
    申请号:SU833682184
    申请日:1983-12-16
    公开日:1989-11-15
    发明作者:Мякинен Сеппо
    申请人:Вяртсиля Меритеоллисуус Ой (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for producing an ice layer suitable for model testing of a vessel on a water surface.
    The purpose of the invention is to intensify the process of ice formation.
    The method involves preparing water to form an ice layer on it, maintaining negative air temperatures no higher than -5 ° C above the surface of the water, spraying water droplets under its surface, freezing them and feeding the formed granules into the water.
    When preparing water, its temperature is lowered to a temperature close to that of its freezing point. The splashing of water droplets produced above the water ensures their transformation into ice granules (or snow particles), which, falling into the water, form a layer of ice sludge on its surface. The spraying of water droplets is carried out before the formation of a slush layer with a thickness, p, the thickness of the simulated layer.
    When spraying, use snow cannons or
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    devices where a mixture of water and compressed air is dispensed and freezing partially occurs due to the fact that the rapid expansion of compressed air creates the effect of lowering the temperature. If the ambient temperature is low enough, cooling the sprayed water droplets in the air is possible by using ordinary water without compressed air. The drift span must be long enough to provide sufficient freezing time for the water droplets before they reach the surface of the water. The minimum span path depends on the outside temperature and the size of the drop. The length of the flight path is at least 1 m, the drop size is 0.1-1.0 mm, preferably 0.2-0.4 mm.
    The buildup of ice occurs in the lower direction, which occurs during the final solidification of the ice sludge. After obtaining a simulated layer of a given thickness, the solidification of the ice sludge should be stopped. This can be accomplished, for example, by mixing water under an ice layer.
    The final solidification of the ice sludge produced by the spraying process is achieved by maintaining a sufficiently low ambient temperature, i.e. the air temperature above the ice. This temperature is maintained at -5 ° C or lower for at least 1 hour, preferably for a much longer period of time, for example for 2 hours.
    Both fresh and saline water can be used for spraying. The best results are usually achieved if the water used in the ice making process has a small percentage of salt, for example 0.5 - 3%. Other ingredients may also be added to achieve the desired characteristics of the model ice. Other ingredients and additives are, for example, urea, alcohol or sugar. The ambient temperature can be predominantly (5) - (-15) ° С. It may be lower, but this does not have a significant effect on the characteristics.
    model ice produced by the proposed method. However, in the low temperature ranges more
    WATER can be frozen, as a result of which the freezing capacity of the nozzles increases and the spray time is shortened.
    In water before spraying for
    By accelerating the process through natural freezing, a thin layer of ice 0.5 to 1.0 mm thick can be formed.
    Example. Water is prepared in a tank, for which the temperature is lowered over its surface to, as a result, the water temperature is lowered to a temperature close to its freezing point, i.e. to -0.1 - (depending on the degree of water salinity).
    Maintain an air temperature of -12 C. Formed a very thin layer of ice up to 2 mm on the surface of the water
    5 by natural freezing. During the formation of such a layer. The air temperature is preferably lowered, for example, i to -23 ° C. This reduction is carried out because the temperature rises in the next step. If the initial air temperature is low enough, then a further increase in temperature will not be required.
    Water droplets are sprayed from the air above the surface of the water; their flight paths should be large enough, for example, 1.5 m, so that water droplets have time
    l for freezing. A series or several rows of spray nozzles protruded over a model test pool can be used for spraying. The nozzle rows move back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the pool, for example, by means of devices moving longitudinally in the pool. This type of device is usually required for model tests and is usually found in the installation. Faster ice formation can be achieved by increasing the number of spray nozzles. Spray tubes can also be used in which
    5, the spray nozzles are rotated back and forth or rotated and which are located along the test pool.
    five
    five
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    spraying continues until a layer of granules is found on the surface of the water, almost equal to the required thickness of the simulated ice to be made. Such spraying is done within 1 hour in the laboratory when the sprinklers move at a speed of 0.2 m / s and when it is necessary to form a layer of ice 25 mm thick.
    After spraying for about 4 hours, air is kept at -20 ° C. During this
    time, the layers of water with ice granules begin to freeze at its upper end due to the low temperature of the atmosphere.
    During the freezing process, the temperature affects the quality of the ice layer. The lower the temperature, the higher the strength of the resulting ice. After 4 hours, the simulated ice is ready for use.
    However, when the layer of granules in the water freezes, the layer of ice tends to increase downwards due to natural water freezing. Such ice has a columnar structure and it is destroyed. This method intensifies the process of ice formation. In addition, when destroyed, model ice produced by this method forms smaller ice particles as compared with most of the material. riyals model ice. The proposed model ice also has 10 very advantageous characteristics. For example, the bending of such an ice field due to its large coefficient of elasticity is less than the bending of the ice field, obtained by means of freezing 15 ordinary salt water.
    20
    25
    Ф о рм у л and from a gain
    1. The method of obtaining an ice layer for conducting ship model tests on water overhead, involving the preparation of water, maintaining negative air temperatures no higher than minus 5 ° C
    the surface of the water, the spraying of water droplets above its surface, their freezing and the feeding of the formed granules into the water, characterized in that in order to inject the required effect of cleaning the simulated ice from the process of ice formation. In order to prevent it, during the preparation of water, the natural growth of an ice layer down to its temperature is reduced, and the temperature of the atmosphere blurs. When a layer of ice 25 mm thick is required.
    Before the formation of a layer of sludge on the water surface with a thickness equal to the thickness of the simulated layer, the negative temperature is maintained for at least I h.
    the temperature is gradually increased from -20 ° C to -5 ° C after 6 hours after the start of the process and 4 hours after the end of the spraying process. At a temperature of -5 ° C, the natural growth of the ice layer ceases almost completely. Another way to stop the natural growth of ice is to move the water under the ice.
    At this stage, 7 hours after the start of the process, when the entire layer of water in the pool freezes, the strength of the simulated ice can still remain high to achieve the corresponding cleaning effects for this test. To reduce the strength, the ice layer can be released, i.e. for an appropriate length of time, for example, for 4 hours, the temperature is kept at -5 ° C or above. After such tempering, true tests are carried out on the model.

    This method provides an intensification of the process of ice formation. In addition, when destroyed, model ice produced by this method forms smaller ice particles as compared with most of the material. riyals model ice. The proposed model ice also has 10 very advantageous characteristics. For example, the bending of such an ice field due to its large coefficient of elasticity is less than the bending of the ice field, obtained by means of freezing 15 ordinary salt water.
    Ф о рм у л and from a gain
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. The method of obtaining an ice layer for conducting ship model tests on water overhead, involving the preparation of water, maintaining negative air temperatures no higher than minus 5 ° C
    the surface of the water, the sprinkling of water droplets above its surface, their freezing and the feeding of the formed granules into the water, characterized in that
    the surface of the water, the sprinkling of water droplets above its surface, the freezing of them and the feeding of the formed granules into the water, characterized in that
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    Before the formation of a layer of sludge on the water surface with a thickness equal to the thickness of the simulated layer, the negative temperature is maintained for at least I h.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, about t l and h a - y y and with the fact that support a negative temperature for
    2h ..
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, about tl and h ai y and so that after obtaining a simulated layer of a given thickness, the water under the layer of ice is mixed.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in water before spraying by means of natural freezing they form a thin layer of ice.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that for spraying use salt water with a salinity of 0.5–3%.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI67444B|1984-11-30|
    NL186033C|1990-09-03|
    SE8306710D0|1983-12-05|
    NO159216C|1988-12-07|
    NO834661L|1984-06-18|
    FI824363A0|1982-12-17|
    NO159216B|1988-08-29|
    DE3345648A1|1984-06-20|
    US4532772A|1985-08-06|
    FI67444C|1985-03-11|
    FR2538091A1|1984-06-22|
    JPS59115956A|1984-07-04|
    DE3345648C2|1990-09-20|
    JPH0221511B2|1990-05-15|
    DK582883D0|1983-12-16|
    FR2538091B1|1986-07-04|
    NL8304350A|1984-07-16|
    DK582883A|1984-06-18|
    SE8306710L|1984-06-18|
    FI824363L|1984-06-18|
    NL186033B|1990-04-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    RU2467910C1|2011-04-11|2012-11-27|Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт имени академика А.Н. Крылова" |Multifunctional support of ice testing pool|DE207423C|
    US2968164A|1958-02-24|1961-01-17|Alden W Hanson|Method of generating snow|
    FR1444733A|1965-03-19|1966-07-08|Artificial snow production by expansion of liquefied gas|
    US3814319A|1969-01-07|1974-06-04|Body A|Method and apparatus for making snow|
    US3750412A|1970-10-19|1973-08-07|Mobil Oil Corp|Method of forming and maintaining offshore ice structures|
    US3691781A|1971-07-30|1972-09-19|Arctec|Method and apparatus for forming model ice sheets|
    US3983713A|1975-05-05|1976-10-05|Maccracken Calvin D|Method of creating and outdoor ice slab in summer weather and of reducing energy requirements for indoor and outdoor ice rinks|
    FR2421353B1|1978-03-31|1980-10-03|Armand Daniel|JPH0233087B2|1985-12-19|1990-07-25|Toyo Seisakusho Kk|
    FR2621531B1|1987-10-08|1992-02-07|Place Denis|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ICE DECOR, PARTICULARLY IN COLOR|
    DE4102616A1|1990-11-13|1992-05-14|Hamburgische Schiffbau Versuch|METHOD FOR GENERATING AN ICE COVER, IN PARTICULAR FOR SHIP MODEL TRIALS|
    DE4106930C2|1991-03-05|1998-03-26|Hamburgische Schiffbau Versuch|Method and device for producing an ice sheet, in particular for model tests with ships or marine structures|
    DE4206482A1|1992-03-02|1993-09-09|Karlfried Cost|Prodn. of ice by stream of cold air - which is directed over water droplets from atomising nozzle|
    US6588219B2|2001-12-12|2003-07-08|John Zevlakis|Commercial ice making apparatus and method|
    US7059140B2|2001-12-12|2006-06-13|John Zevlakis|Liquid milk freeze/thaw apparatus and method|
    JP4995173B2|2008-10-23|2012-08-08|株式会社Ｉｈｉ|Ozone ice manufacturing method and ozone ice manufacturing apparatus|
    KR101138159B1|2010-03-31|2012-04-23|한국해양연구원|A Density Control System for Model Ice|
    CN103585780B|2013-11-14|2015-02-18|天津大学|Method for controlling urea model ice crystal growth structure|
    CN103723245B|2013-12-31|2016-10-19|天津大学|A kind of preparation method of snowberg model ice sheet|
    WO2020224756A1|2019-05-06|2020-11-12|Technische Universität Hamburg|Method for producing model ice, model ice, and use of a model ice|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI824363A|FI67444C|1982-12-17|1982-12-17|FOERFARANDE FOER FRAMSTAELLNING AV MODELLIS|
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