• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    0 A method of reliably detecting flaws in a thick wall steel pipe (2) with an ultrasonic beam in which flaws (4) of the internal surface of the pipe are detected using a share wave mode. The transmitting probe (1) is disposed slantingly relative to both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the pipe (2) so that the share wave emitted therefrom is incident onto the pipe at an oblique refraction angle preferably of 35 to 70 degrees, whereby the beam inside the walls of the pipe is made to impinge on surface flaws (4) of the inner surface of the pipe (2) at an oblique angle preferably in the same range.
    公开号:SU1514252A3
    申请号:SU853974449
    申请日:1985-10-03
    公开日:1989-10-07
    发明作者:Mitsukhiro Koike；Nobuaki Yuakokh
    申请人:Mitsubishi Electric Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to acoustic methods of non-eruptive control **. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of control of the cracks of its inner surface oriented along the pipe axis by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio due to the orientation of the transducers and the selection of the input angles. Install the radiating transducer 1 and the receiving transducer 2 outside the pipe 7 so that their entry and exit points are transverse ultrasonic (US) oscillations on top of **
    Phi g.1
    SP
    X
    to
    cl
    to
    cm
    1514252
    The pipes are located on a straight line parallel to the axis of the pipe 7 and some distance from the plane parallel to the direction of propagation of the radiated ultrasonic vibrations and the measuring tube of the pipe axis. The angle of incidence transverse. Ultrasonic vibrations on the surface of the crack 8 are selected taking into account the ratio of the diameter and wall thickness of the pipe 7. Radiation is emitted by the transducer 1 Ultrasonic vibrations and transducer 2 receives the vibrations mirrored by the crack 8. The parameters of the received ultrasonic vibrations are measured and they determine the presence of a crack 8 in the pipe 7. 5 un.
    The invention relates to acoustic methods of non-destructive testing 15 and can be used for ultrasonic (US) testing of thick-walled steel pipes.
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the reliability of control-oriented 20 cracks along its pipe axis on its internal. its surface by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.
    FIG. 1 shows the sounding scheme of thick-walled steel pipe 25; in fig. 2 - the same, longitudinal section; in fig. 3 - the same cross. new section; in fig. 4 - dependence of transparency coefficients in case of a drop of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave from acrylic ; 30 plastics on the border with steel through the contact layer of oil; in fig. 5, the device by which the proposed method is implemented.
    The method is carried out as follows.
    The radiating and receiving transducers are placed outside the pipe so that the points of input and output of transverse ultrasonic vibrations on the pipe surface 40 are located on a straight line parallel to the pipe axis and are at a distance L from the plane parallel to the direction of propagation of the transmitted ultrasonic vibrations and passing 45 through the pipe axis, which is chosen from the condition
    LI βίηοί |,
    where C is the outer diameter of the pipe; οί £ - the angle of incidence and the emission of ultrasonic
    oscillations on the outer surface of the pipe in the plane, the normal axis of the pipe.
    In a pipe, transverse ultrasonic vibrations are excited by a radiating transducer; they propagate at an indirect angle to two mutually perpendicular planes passing through
    point of entry, one of which is norf / n on the pipe axis, and the other passes through the pipe axis. The angle of refraction 0 of the introduced transverse ultrasonic vibrations and the angle γ of the incidence of transverse ultrasonic vibrations on the surface of the defect are chosen in the range from 35 to 70 ° with the fulfillment of the conditions
    'P*'
    81P
    ~ 2C
    (1 - - =) -βίηβ |
    βίη 4I where is the angle
    Θ me +
    refraction radiated
    transverse ultrasonic vibrations in a plane parallel to the axis of the pipe;
    θ *. - the angle of refraction of radiation H transverse ultrasonic vibrations in
    a plane normal to the pipe axis;
    I - pipe wall thickness.
    The transverse ultrasonic vibrations that are specularly reflected by the surface of the defect are received by the receiving transducer and their parameters are measured. The presence of a defect in the pipe is determined by the measured parameters of the adopted transverse ultrasonic vibrations.
    A device for implementing an ultrasonic ultrasonic inspection of thick-walled steel pipes contains radiating I and receiving 2 transducers, mechanism 3 for moving transducers I and 2 in the transverse direction and mechanism -4 for moving one of the transducers, for example receiving transducer 2, in the longitudinal direction. The device also contains an immersion bath 5 and rollers located in it. B. Position 7 indicates a monitored thick-walled steel pipe, and position 8 denotes a defect — a crack on the inside surface. 1514252
    post the pipe 7, oriented along its axis.
    The pipe 7 is located in the immersion bath 5 on the rollers 6. Using the mechanism 3, the transducers 1 and 2 opposite to the axis of the propagation of the ultrasonic vibrations, which are opposite to the direction of propagation of the emitted ultrasonic vibrations, are displaced on the same straight line (the acoustic axis of the transducer I, and the pipe 7 passing through the axis of 7 at a distance LL, determined from the expression 15
    L “βίη </ | ,
    gd0 ϋ is the outer diameter of the pipe 7;
    angle of incidence of radiated ultrasonic vibrations on the outer surface of the tube 7 in the plane, the normal axis of the tube 7.
    Using mechanism 4, set the distance b between the transducers 1 and 2, determined from the expression
    L P [ow - 1 (1-- ~
    - βΐη ^] e 8v,
    where is the angle of refraction of the transverse ultrasonic vibrations in the plane normal to the axis of the pipe 7;
    angle of refraction of transverse ultrasonic vibrations in
    . a plane parallel to the axis of the pipe 7;
    .V - pipe wall thickness 7. taking into account equal 40
    βίηθι - βίη << ,, βίη θ ρ * L St *
    - βίήοί ,.
    1> CT *
    where C yas “the propagation speed of 45 longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations in the intermediate medium between the active element of transducers I and 2 and the pipe 7 to be controlled, for example 50 in acrylic plastic C ps - 2,730 m / s or in water C ps“ 1500 m / s;
    c em - speed of propagation
    transverse ultrasonic vibrations in 55 material of a steel pipe 7 С em “3240 m / s;
    o (| - the angle of incidence of the emitted ultrasonic oscillations on the outer surface of the pipe 7 in a plane parallel to the axis of the coarse 7.
    At the same time, select the angle Θ of refraction of the introductory transverse ultrasonic stake /
    gangway and angle γ of incidence of transverse ultrasonic oscillations on the surface of defect 8 in the range from 35 to 70 °, satisfying the conditions
    her g
    _____
    <1 - -θ) βίη θ 4
    81P $ £ £ 1
    21.
    ”Ϋ ~’
    in view of equality
    θ - V ce 2 θρ · +. lb γ
    - V from 8 4 Ge +
    Transducer 1 excites pulses of longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations falling on the outer surface ("coarse 1 at an angle c / and transforming in pipe 7 with a refraction angle Θ into transverse vibrations. Angle θ between transverse vibrations propagating in pipe 7 and a plane passing through the pipe axis 7 and the angle Θ between the transverse oscillations propagating in the pipe 7 and the plane perpendicular to the said plane and passing through the axis of the pipe 7 and through the insertion point are not right angles. The defects, defect 8 in the pipe 7, transverse ultrasonic vibrations fall on its surface at an angle y and are mirrored also at an angle у. Reflected vibrations fall from the inside to the outer surface of the pipe 7 at an angle b later on the transducer 2. The latter accepts reflected ultrasound 8 oscillations and with its help measure the parameters of the received oscillations, for example, the amplitude and propagation time.The propagation time of 8 oscillations reflected by the defect is determined by b and and the oscillations passed in the tube 7
    O [ow0 £ - 1 - | -> * - v1n * to |]
    and cos p
    Direct reflection of the internal surface of the ultrasonic ultrasonic tube is also
    can flow to converter 2,
    The propagation time of these oscillations
    nny is also defined by 1> and
    the oscillations in the pipe 7
    21
    one "-------,
    I OWL θρ
    The difference between the b and - paths of propagation should be sufficient to identify the defect 8. The choice of angles Θ and γ in the range of values from 35 to 70 e (range C) is determined by energy considerations (figure 4). In the case [if the angle b is more than 70 °, the probability of the occurrence of surface oscillations, which can serve as sources of signals, [interferences. If the angle Θ is less than 35 °, small changes in the magnitude of the angle of incidence ά lead to significant fluctuations in the transparency coefficient T 5 .
    Example. When ultrasonic inspection tol * 7 stostennyh steel pipes with an outer diameter of 60 mm at ϋ Θς 45 ° for the ratio ΐ / ϋ * 20Ζ and Θ- bb ° from the above calculation formulas obtained 47.9 °, b - 26.1 mm, and L -L; 2.9 mm; for the ratio ϋ / ϋ 25Ζ and 0- 46 ° - γ- 49.4 °, L 32.3 mm,
     3.2 mm; for the ratio ΐ / ϋ - 35Ζ and 0 = 46 ° - γ- 63.2 °, L 48.9 mm, B „-L c · 9.7 mm. The choice of angles 0 and y in the range C (Fig. 4) provides effective detection of cracks oriented along the pipe axis 7
    8 on its inner surface under the condition ϋ / ϋ <35Ζ. During the inspection, the tube 7 is rotated by the rollers 6.
    Ultrasonic testing of thick-walled steel pipes can also be applied to pipes with a ratio of ϋ / ϋ <20Ζ. In this case, with the same sensitivity, longitudinal cracks are detected both on the inner and outer surfaces. Also, “undirected” (point-like) cracks and cracks oriented perpendicular to the emitted ultrasonic beam (in this case, the radiating transducer must operate in the combined mode) are reliably detected.
    Ultrasonic testing of thick-walled steel pipes can be used to classify types of cracks and to identify oblique cracks that are usually poorly detected when controlled by the echo method using a combined ultrasonic transducer. The proposed method provides reliable detection * 4252
    singing longitudinal cracks “a” on the inner surface of the pipe with changes within the tolerance of the inner and outer diameters of the pipe, as well as the roughness of its outer surface. Taking into account the fact that, in the absence of a defect on the inner surface of the pipe, the emitted transverse ultrasonic oscillations are mirrored by the inner surface of the pipe in the transverse direction at an angle, having appropriately arranged an additional ultrasonic transducer (not shown) with an input angle σί ^ on the outer surface of the pipe. cracks oriented along the pipe axis on its outer surface with almost the same sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio as for cracks on the inner surface of the pipe.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Claim
    25 Method of ultrasonic testing of thick-walled steel pipes, consisting in the arrangement of radiating and receiving transducers outside the pipe, excitation by radiating
    30 transducer in a tube of transverse ultrasonic vibrations propagating at an indirect angle to two mutually perpendicular planes passing through the entry point, one
    25 of which are normal to the pipe axis, and the other passes through the pipe axis, with the refractive angle of the introduced transverse ultrasonic vibrations and the angle of incidence of the transverse ultrasonic vibrations on the surface of the defect in the range from 35 to 70, the receiving one. transducer of transverse ultrasonic vibrations mirrored by the surface of the defect, measuring the parameters of the received oscillations and determining the presence of a defect in the pipe, which is aimed at increasing the reliability of the control, is oriented.
    50 cracks along the pipe axis on its inner surface, the radiating and receiving transducers are installed so that the points of entry and exit of transverse ultrasonic vibrations on the pipe surface are located on a straight line parallel to the axis
    pipes, and were at a distance of 4b
    from a plane parallel to the direction of propagation of the emitted ultras 7 1514252
    * 4
    oscillations and passing through where Θ & the pipe axis, and the angle γ of incidence of transverse ultrasonic vibrations on the surface of the defect and the distance ζΐΕ are chosen from the conditions θ "~
    C8) "- (ί8 1 θί + --- 1 (1“ ~) -βίη'θί
    • bb 4 4 1 с о ά.-
    ten
    eight
    the angle of refraction of the transverse ultrasonic vibrations in a plane parallel to the axis of the pipe; angle of refraction of radiated transverse ultrasonic vibrations in the plane normal to the pipe axis; pipe wall thickness; 'outer diameter of the pipe; . . angle of incidence of the emitted ultrasonic vibrations on the outer surface of the pipe in the plane normal to the axis of the pipe.
    Figz
    1514252
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0177053A2|1986-04-09|
    EP0177053A3|1986-12-30|
    JPS6193952A|1986-05-12|
    EP0177053B1|1991-05-08|
    JPH0253746B2|1990-11-19|
    US4679437A|1987-07-14|
    DE3582773D1|1991-06-13|
    引用文献:
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    FR1499910A|1966-03-14|1967-11-03|Vallourec|New method of testing metal parts using ultrasonic waves|
    US3552190A|1967-07-11|1971-01-05|Magnaflux Corp|Acoustic testing system for elongated objects|
    AU444607B2|1970-02-04|1974-01-14|British Railways Board|Improvements in or relating to ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus|
    US3924453A|1973-05-04|1975-12-09|United States Steel Corp|Ultrasonic testing of tubing employing a spiral wave generator|
    JPS54128789A|1978-03-29|1979-10-05|Kubota Ltd|Method of detecting flaw of tube via ultrasonic wave|
    JPS5952983B2|1978-11-09|1984-12-22|Kawasaki Steel Co|
    GB2059587B|1979-09-28|1983-12-07|Kubota Ltd|Ultrasonic flaw detection of a pipe|
    JPS6241344B2|1980-04-10|1987-09-02|Nisshin Steel Co Ltd|
    US4434660A|1981-03-19|1984-03-06|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy|Ultrasonic inspection and deployment apparatus|
    US4441369A|1982-09-30|1984-04-10|General Electric Company|Ultrasonic detection of extended flaws|JPH0584865B2|1987-03-31|1993-12-03|Ngk Insulators Ltd|
    JPS6474444A|1987-09-16|1989-03-20|Nippon Steel Corp|Ultrasonic diagnosing method for lining refractory material|
    WO1989011651A1|1988-05-20|1989-11-30|Moskovskoe Vysshee Tekhnicheskoe Uchilische Imeni|Method for ultrasonically checking weld seams of articles|
    DE4328711A1|1993-08-26|1995-03-02|Foerster Inst Dr Friedrich|Method and device for testing elongated objects having a cross-section which deviates from the circular shape|
    GB2292610B|1994-08-24|1998-08-05|British Aerospace|Method for crack detection in a sheet of material around a fastener hole|
    US5952578A|1996-08-01|1999-09-14|Beloit Technoloiges, Inc.|Ultrasonic examination of coated parts|
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    US5681996A|1996-08-01|1997-10-28|Beloit Technologies, Inc.|Ultrasonic device for inspection of metal parts|
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    US6497159B1|2000-06-12|2002-12-24|Hydro-Quebec|Bracelet for moving ultrasonic sensors along a pipe|
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    US6684706B2|2000-11-29|2004-02-03|Cooper Cameron Corporation|Ultrasonic testing system|
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    JP2007315820A|2006-05-23|2007-12-06|Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind|Ultrasonic flaw inspection device and ultrasonic flaw inspection program|
    CN102650619B|2006-06-13|2015-08-19|新日铁住金株式会社|The manufacture method of defect detection on ultrasonic basis, welded still pipe and ultrasonic flaw detecting device|
    DE102007039382B4|2007-08-17|2010-06-10|V&M Deutschland Gmbh|Non-destructive testing of pipes|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP59208806A|JPH0253746B2|1984-10-04|1984-10-04|
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