• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In the heat treatment of steel wires (W) in a patenting operation, the wires from an austenitizing furnace (1) are first quenched in a fluidized bed (Q). This bed (Q) is fluidized by hot gases from the furnace (1) and is also provided with a cooling system (28). The wires are then passed into a second fluidized bed (TR-S) where transformation takes place. This bed is fluidized by an independent source of hot gas (21) and is divided into regions (13) along its length which have independently controllable auxiliary heaters (14). The temperatures in the zone (Q) and the region (13) along zone (TR-S) are controlled to give a fine pearlite microstructure in the wire.
    公开号:SU1500167A3
    申请号:SU864027089
    申请日:1986-03-03
    公开日:1989-08-07
    发明作者:Нейринк Мишель
    申请人:Н.В.Бекаерт С.А. (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to heat treatment, in particular to steel patenting devices, in particular for wires with a diameter of 3 mm or less, preferably with a diameter of 0.7-1.5 mm.
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of heat treatment of steel wire by providing a predetermined temperature regime along the furnace.
    Figs. 2 and 2 schematically show installations for patenting steel wire using molten lead and conventional fluidized bed (fluidized) layer and structural transformations of steel during cooling of the wire, respectively, longitudinal section; Fig. 3 shows structural transformation curves on cooling carbon steel wires during patenting using molten lead and a conventional fluidized layer; FIG. 4 shows the proposed installation with a fluidized layer, two options; Fig. 5 shows the same, third variant, and the patenting curves obtained using this device:; in fig. 6 - surcharge area; in fig. 7 curves of structural transformation of steel during cooling, obtained by carrying out the process of patenting steel wire in a fluidized layer; Fig.8 is a diagram of the proposed installation; figure 9 - curves of the variation of the measured values of strength
    01
    oh oh
    C5


    s
    3.150016
    steel pate of which (produced in molten lead and fluidized bed; FIG. 10 shows patenting curves for steel-wire in the fluidized bed. FIGS. 1a and 2a schematically show the patenting line with lead bath (Pb) and the usual fluidized layer (FB), respectively, 10 during operation — of which the steel wire W after heating it in the austenitization furnace 1 enters the installation 2 for heat treating the wire (into the lead bath Pb or into a conventional single-zone installation with fluidized FB), the temperature of which is maintained at a constant level using appropriate means (not shown).
    Figures 16 and 26 show temperature measurement curves of steel wire as a function of time, starting from austenization temperature (Ta,) to holding temperature (Tp), obtained for two units (Figures 1a and 2a), with portions of the curves labeled Ti, correspond to the change in the temperature of the wire during its hardening. Comparing the curves (Figs. 16 and 26), it can be seen that in the case of an installation with a normal fluidized layer, the temperature of the onset of structural transformations and the actual temperature of the wire during the structural transformations (curve T and the shaded area) differ significantly from the optimum temperature. (Tp) and the reaction to form the pearlite structure can take place over a wide range of temperatures. The temperature of the wire during the structural transformations during the reaction increases significantly, due to the combined effect of recalescence (heat generation in the process of transformation) and low values of heat transfer and heat capacity of the fluidized layer.
    The temperature curves of the wire during the cooling and structural transformations (Fig. 3), obtained by patenting the wire in the usual fluidized layer (FB curves), are shown in the temperature-time diagram of the structural transformation in comparison with the curve of the 5- W of the wire temperature in the process of its patenting in molten lead, (curve Pb). Dotted Cree 0 5
    0
    0 5 0 5
    o
    (TR) and (TR) 100 show the beginning and end of austenite transformation, and the shaded area (TOV) represents the optimum temperature range for holding the steel wire after quenching to obtain a thin pearlite microstructure. In the case of patenting a wire in a conventional fluidized layer, the temperature of the wire during its exposure goes beyond the optimal area of the HFC. This situation can be corrected, for example, by pre-cooling the wire in a fluidized bed with cold fluidizing air or by drastically reducing the temperature of the fluidized holding layer in accordance with the temperature curve T, (Fig. 2b). However, these techniques are very critical due to the fact that their use is related to the probability of formation of a bainitic structure when the temperature T falls below the temperature Tp.
    The system of the proposed installation (Fig. 4) includes austenitizing heating furnace 1 and installation 2 for heat treatment of wire (with a two-zone fluidized layer), which has an independent quenching zone and a zone of structural transformations or a TR-S holding. Each of these zones is formed by a module 3 consisting of a container 4 for a powdered material, a pressure chamber 5, a gas distribution plate 6 (for example, a perforated plate, preferably with gas nozzles or nozzles), which also serves as the bottom of the container 4 and as the pressure chamber 5. Each module of the installation is connected to the supply gas pipeline of the pumping station 7 by the pipeline 8 with the gas inlet 9 in the bottom of the pressure chamber 5. In the pumping station 7, a fluidizing gas of the required composition and a third uemogo volume, and it is provided with means for controlling the base temperature of the fluidizing bed.
    The base temperature of the fluidizing gas for each zone is determined by the type of wire being processed and the specified process conditions and during the operation of the installation is controlled according to the fluidized bed conditions associated with
    51
    changes in plant operation mode (start-up, normal operating mode), wire diameter, and other parameters. Gas generators, suitable combustion chambers that form a hot mixture (preferably a lean mixture) compressed air heaters of a blower and combinations of similar devices can be used as external pumping stations. The quenching zone Q is separated from the TR-S holding zone by a wall of heat-insulating material, in which they have - with holes for the passage of the wire to be processed. The installation is designed for simultaneous heat treatment of several wires of a wire moving through the zones of the fluidized layer along parallel, straight line trajectories m. During the movement of the wire from the austenitization furnace 1 to the quenching zone Q, it can pass through a protective casing or cap.
    In a variant with a dual-zone fluidized bed (Fig. 4b), the exhaust gas from the austenization furnace is first used to fluidize the powdered material in the holding zone, and then to fluidize the powdered material in the quenching zone (or vice versa, when the exhausted gas of the austenitization furnace is before its use in the installation is pre-cooled). In this system, the exhaust gas from the austenitization furnace is supplied to the installation 2 with a fluidized bed through a gas pipeline 8 by means of a pumping station 7 (exhaust fan).
    Adjustment of the base temperature of the fluidizing gas before being fed into the constituent holding and quenching zones is carried out by separate heat exchangers 10 included at the inputs of the respective zones.
    The most preferred design of the proposed plant is shown in FIG. 5a. For the fluidization of the powdered material, the waste gas of the austenitization heating furnace 1 (preferably non-oxidizing gas) is used, which is supplied via gas line 8 to the quenching zone Q, while a separate pump unit is used to fluidize the powdered material in the TR-S holding zone
    Qi 7 (gas-geeragus), liaUjJuMOp combustion chamber (burner). In this installation, the base temperature of the fluidizing gas entering the quench zone is regulated as follows. The flue gas initially pumped out of the austenitization furnace: is cooled in the heat exchanger 11 to a temperature below 150 ° C, and then fed to a controlled heat exchanger 12 (for example, an electric heater) where the gas temperature is adjusted to the desired initial temperature, which can vary in accordance with the currently existing conditions in the fluidized quenching layer, determined by the technological mode of operation of the installation, the amount stored by the heat treated wire. and, speed of movement of the wire through the layer fpyuidizirovanny instance variables and other parameters. Primary adjustment of the initial temperature of the gas fed to the fluidized quenching layer9 is complemented by adjustment. Implemented by an additional system of regulation and ensuring precise adjustment of the temperature of the gas inside the fluidized bed and bringing it to a predetermined value. In practice, an additional thermoregulatory system comes into effect after the installation has reached a stable operating mode, when additional heat supply by the fluidizing gas is no longer required and the heater battery for preheating the gas fed to the quenching zone can be turned off.
    The powdered material in the exposure zone of the TR-S is fluidized and heated by hot gas supplied to the zone by the pump station 7, for example, from a combustion chamber in which a hot gas mixture having a predetermined basic temperature is prepared. The initial temperature of the fluidizing gas at the inlet of the holding zone, which heats the fluidized holding layer and stabilizes the Average layer temperature at a given level, is automatically controlled as a function of the actual thermal balance of the fluidized barrier (working load, heat released during structural transformations, heat loss and t .d.)
    Thus, in the proposed installation, the fluidization of the powdered material, heating and temperature control of the fluidized layers in the quenching and holding zones are performed independently and so that the temperature of the fluidized layer in each zone remains constant and at a certain level for each zone and complies with the parameters of the treated wire and the desired characteristics of the final product. For example, during the steel wire patenting process, the temperature inside the fluidized quenching layer can vary from 250 to (to get the wire temperature between the MS value and the desired pearlite formation reaction temperature), whereas the temperature of the fluidized holding layer can be set to in the range from 450 to (dp for obtaining a pearlitic structure with different grain sizes).
    The cooling - structural transformation curves (Fig. 56) were obtained for the steel wire patenting process using the proposed setup (FB-iN curves), and the FB-PA curves for the steel wire patenting process using a single fluidized bed setup.
    Obtaining the FB-iN curves is provided by more precise regulation of the wire cooling process and the correct choice of the initial conditions of the structural transformation process in combination with more precise control of the reaction temperature of the pearlite formation.
    The local temperature of the fluidized layer at some of its points may tend to increase relative to the optimal level at this stage of the structural process.
    transformations, which is associated with the effect of recalescence (release of the heat of reaction of the structural transformation). Moreover, it was experimentally established that the degree of recalescence and the location of points with the maximum increase in temperature in the fluidized bed of the zone, the exposures can vary with the diameter of the wire being processed, the working speed of movement
    5 0 5
    0 5
    0

    0
    five
    wire and the selected curve of structural transformation,
    The use of auxiliary heating elements and temperature sensors placed at a number of points in the fluidized layer of the holding zone along its entire length and independent control of each auxiliary heating element provides correction of the local temperature along the entire length of the fluidized layer of the exposure zone, which is carried out in combination with the temperature control of the fluidizing gas.
    The system provides the ability to program the formation of the pearlite structure by organizing a certain temperature profile along the length of the retention zone and controlled change of the reaction rate of the structural transformation throughout the retention zone. The proposed solution has a number of d. benefits. For example, it enhances the flexibility of the patenting process and its focus and improves the performance of the equipment used by reducing the length of the startup period and moving the equipment to the required mode of operation more quickly.
    The scheme of the proposed installation (Fig. 6) illustrates the process of controlling the optimum temperature of the structural transformation reaction when performing this reaction using the proposed devices. The TR-S retention layer (Fig. 6) is divided into several sections.
    13, in each of which a separate group of heating elements is placed inside the fluidized bed
    14. Each group of heating elements 14 is connected to a remote control 15, as well as a temperature sensor 16, functionally associated with its group of heaters controlled by a power regulator 17.
    Sensor 16 with remote control 15 lines 18 communications. In normal operation, the heating elements 14 generate a certain amount of heat, which, in combination with the amount of heat supplied to the fluidized layer by the hot fluidizing gas supplied to the zone of the gas generator station, provides under 1500167
    keeping the set temperature of the fluidized layer of the rod; If the local temperature of the fluidized layer deviates relative to the preset level of the temperature of holding up or down, the controller 17 corresponds to the fluidized section. The layer changes the mode of operation of the corresponding group of heating elements in the direction of increasing or decreasing their heat transfer. The gas generator station, which is a source of hot fluid gas, is located outside the main technological installation case. In the proposed gas generator system, the station is a furnace: a furnace designed for production
    0
    Fig. 8 shows a more detailed structure of the installation with a fluidized layer embodying the principles of the installation shown schematically in Fig. 6. The austenitized wire W from the gas furnace 1 is sequentially passed through the quenching zone Q and the separate cooling zone TR-S of the installation with the fluidized layer (Fig. 8). The exposure zone (aging) consists of several sections 13, each of which has an auxiliary heater immersed in a fluidized layer, functionally associated with an individual control device (Fig.6). A pipeline through a heat recuperator 24 mounted in the outlet pipe 25 of the chamber you
    a mixture of gaseous products of combustion of the 20-holder is supplied heated in
    gas burner 2l.
    25
    in the required amount and with the specified temperature and pressure. A signal proportional to the initial temperature of the fluidizing gas is fed via line 19 to the control panel 15. The construction of the heating device includes a combustion chamber 20, a gas burner 21 to which compressed air 22 and gaseous fuel 23 (for example, natural gas) from an air blower 7 are supplied. Fluidizing gas for the quenching zone Q from the austenitization furnace after pre-cooling is injected into the quench zone through the heat exchanger 12, .35
    The diagram shown in FIG. 7 illustrates the effect of additional temperature correction in the exposure zone on the position of the curves reflecting the patenting process as a function of temperature and time. The curve of the change in the temperature of the peak at which the structural transformation occurs or
    pearlite formation reaction (20 cm), the fluidizing gas flows
    tours, can be completely forcibly shifted to the region of the optimal values of TSS (curve A) by correcting the local temperature of the fluidized exposure layer. However, if the holding zone is not divided into independently adjustable sections, the curve of the temperature change of the fluidized stalk layer (curve B) may leave the region of the optimum values of the structural transformation temperature, resulting in a partial annealing (strengthening of the grains) of the pearlite structure.
    50
    55
    into the nozzles 26 from the pressure chamber 5, which is connected by a gas line to the combustion chamber 20, in which the fluidizing gas is produced. The proposed system provides obtaining and maintaining the optimal velocity of the fluidizing gas (about 10 - G2 cm / s), which ensures the stability of the fluidized bed. The temperature control system of the fluidized layer of the exposure module (not shown) includes a thermostat that regulates the operation of the gas burner
    holders, fed heated in

    gas burner 2l.
    From the combustion chamber 20, the prepared Fluidizing gas is supplied to the TR-S holding module, which is a metal reservoir located in the U-shaped internal space of the fluidized bed furnace, in which the powder material reservoir, the discharge chamber and the inlet gas channel combined into a single structure. The bed of powdered material in the container is maintained in a fluidized state during the operation of the plant. The module also includes a pressure gas chamber 5, having an inlet channel (gas inlet) 9, and a gas / distribution plate 6 located between the bottom of the container and the pressure chamber and having a plurality of fluidizing nozzles 26 located on a small, identical distance from one another (for example, at a distance of from 3 to
    0
    five
    into the nozzles 26 from the pressure chamber 5, which is connected by a gas line to the combustion chamber 20, in which the fluidizing gas is produced. The proposed system provides obtaining and maintaining the optimal velocity of the fluidizing gas (about 10 - G2 cm / s), which ensures the stability of the fluidized bed. The temperature control system of the fluidized layer of the exposure module (not shown) includes a thermostat that regulates the operation of the gas burner
    )
     1 tlc, what about o provides for obtaining and maintaining a predetermined temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the exposure module (for heating the fluidized exposure layer and maintaining the base temperature of the bed), and the auxiliary thermostats described (FIG. 6) which are functionally associated with auxiliary heaters in each section of the fluidized holding layer, the local temperature is corrected throughout the fluidized holding layer and heat is added to the heat given off by the fl u Disir flyuidiziruyuschi layer of hot gas (this creates advantages during installation on the working mode exit)
    The quenching zone Q is made in one module with a fluidized layer, similar to the described exposure module, but of a shorter length, preferably in the range of 50 to 250 cm. Fluidization of the quenching layer can be performed in the same way as described for the module. i.e. using an external gas generator, the combustion chamber of which is connected to the quenching module. In the proposed installation as. fluidizing gas For the quenching zone, the exhaust gases of a gas austenized furnace are used. The composition of the exhaust gases must be such as to reduce or even eliminate the oxidation of hot wire during quenching. For example, the oxygen content in the exhaust gas mixture used in the quenching module as a fluidizing gas should be no more than 2 vol%, preferably not more than 0.5 vol%. With such an oxygen content in the waste gas mixture, the unwanted surface oxidation of the wire is reduced or completely prevented. The best results of limiting the oxidation of the wire during its quenching were obtained with the oxygen content in the fluidizing gas used in the quenching zone not more than 0.1 vol.% And with the highest content of carbon monoxide, for example, in the range from 0 to 5 vol.% In the latter case, the energy consumption in the heating furnace increases slightly due to the non-stoichiometric combustion process.
    Exhaust air to 27 delivers spent waste from the austenitization furnace to a pre-cooling device or heat recuperator (not shown), where the gas temperature is lowered. The pre-cooled waste gas is then passed through an adjustable heat exchanger (electric gas heater 12), making it possible to bring the temperature of the fluidizing gas to any desired initial level. From the electric heater, the fluidizing gas is supplied to the quenching module. The primary thermal control circuit includes a control device 28 regulating the operation of the current source 29 feeding the preheater 12, c (functions of the temperature of the quenching fluidized layer. Electrical signals proportional to the temperature of the fluidized quenching layer and the initial temperature of the fluidizing gas are fed to the control device 28 along lines 30 and 31 respectively.
    To regulate and maintain the desired temperature of the inner-hardened fluidized bed. The installation time in a steady state installation is equipped with an additional controlled cooling system, which operates when the amount of heat given off by the hot wire significantly exceeds the amount of heat that can be absorbed by the fluidized quenching layer when the gas heater is turned off 12. This additional cooling system includes an unregulated a cooling device in the form of a water-cooled coil immersed in a fluidized bed (not shown) and adjustable cooling e device, said compound being adjustable blower 32, which is at the air conduit 33 from a source 34 directs a controlled amount of cooling air to the surface of the fluidized quench bed. The cooling air inlet to the quench module Q is controlled by an automatic valve 35, actuated by a control device 28, with which it is connected by a line 36.
    The control device 28 compares the actual temperate13
    A fluidized quenching layer is represented by a corresponding electrical signal on line 30, with a given quenching temperature and, in accordance with the comparison results, controls the operation of an automatic valve 35 that reduces or increases the flow of cooling air to the quenching module Q. In another version, of the temperature of the hydrofused layer in the quenching module Q, a water cooling system can be used, including coil heat exchangers placed inside a fluidized layer and equipped with an automatic valve, providing regulation, the amount of water flowing through them in accordance with changes in temperature. peruraura fluidized layer.
    In the process of patenting carbon steel wire, the temperature of the fluidized layer in the quenching zone, having a length of 0.5-2.5 m, can be maintained between 250 and 650 ° C, while the temperature of the fluidized layer in the holding zone can be maintained and regulated within from 450 to 700 C, preferably in the range from 500 to 650 ° C.
    In the proposed installation for the heat treatment of steel wire, it is preferable to use an automatic system for regulating the heating and cooling of the fluidized layer in the quenching and holding zones ..
    Example 1. Samples of wire with a diameter of 1.50 mm with a carbon content of 0.71% are subjected to patenting in two different installations with a fluidized layer and using molten lead. In all cases, the austenitization temperature of the samples is 920 ° C, and the speed of the wire in the patenting process is 24 m / min. For steel wire patenting, two types of fluidized-bed installations are used: the FBI installation is a common single-zone installation with a single fluidized layer whose temperature is maintained at a level of ItB - 560 ° C, and the FB2 installation is a installation with separated hardening and holding zones, each of which is provided with individual means of fluidization and regulation
    - y 15 20
    0167
    nor the temperature of the fluidized bed. The temperature of the fluidized layer in the quenching zone is maintained at the level of Ic, 500 C. The temperature of the fluidized layer in the holding zone is maintained at the level of Tf 560 C. The depth of the quenching zone is 2.5 m, the holding area is 4.5 m.
    Samples of patented wire have the characteristics shown in Table 1.
    - S 5 0
    50
    s
    0 j
    0
    The experimental data presented in Table 1 illustrate a significant positive effect: the effect of the implementation of the proposed facility (FB2). when comparing the properties of patented steel wire with f-properties of the same wire, which patents are made on a conventional single-zone fluid bed (FBI) unit.
    Example 2. 36 samples of steel wire are patented in the proposed installation with a two-fluid fluidized layer having a quenching zone of 1.5 m in length and a 5.5-meter-long retention zone in which the temperature is maintained at predetermined different levels. The process of fluidization in the quenching zone is carried out using different gas mixtures. The following process parameters were obtained: wire diameter 1.3 mm, steel with a carbon content of 0.69%; temperature of the fluidized layer in the quenching zone 455 C; temperature of the fluidized layer in the top-hat zone of 530 ° C; Aus tenisation temperature 900 ° C, speed of wire movement through the installation 30 m / min; various quenching modes and composition of gas mixtures used as a flimidant gas in the quenching zone; FB3 - exhaust gas from the austenitization furnace, carbon monoxide content 0.15%, oxygen content 2%; FB4 - gaseous products of combustion of natural gas from the external combustion chamber, oxygen content 5%, carbon dioxide content 4%, carbon monoxide content 0%; FB5 is hot air.
    The characteristics of the steel wire, the patenting of which was carried out in the installation with a fluidized layer, is compared with the characteristics of the same wire, patented in 1500167
    lavlenny with a temperature of 560 C. Comparative data are given in table 2,
    From the data presented in Table 2, it can be seen that in carrying out the patenting of steel wire in the proposed installation, the properties and microstructure
    the wires are obtained close to their own - and about (in the exposure zone) are necessary for the boosts and microstrate of the wire, which patenting is carried out in pai fused lead, except in the case of f when hot air is used in the quenching zone, with obvious positive effect of use; in the quenching zone of a non-oxidizing fluid, earthing gas to prevent surface oxidation of the wire to be treated.
    Example 3. For the experiment, use a twin zone unit with a fluidized layer, analogous to
    more than 1 hour
    The distribution and temperature variation in different sections of the exposure zone in the steady state were compared.
    15 equipment operation mode.
    The results of the study of the temperature distribution along the length of the fluidized bed in the holding zone are given in TaO.3.
    20 The results obtained under the conditions of A1 and A2 show a positive effect on the equalization of temperature along the length of the aging zone, achieved by dividing it into the section described in Example 2, but differing in 25 with independent regulation by
    with the use of an additional system of temperature control in the zone of exposure, divided into five sections with individual heaters with four elements, which ensure the additional heating of the fluidized layer and the correction of the local temperature along the entire length of the upper zone. Use samples of wire with a diameter of 1.25 mm, made of steel with a carbon content of 0.73%. The preset temperature level in the quenching zone is 550 ° C, and in the discharge zone it is 520 ° C. The process is carried out under the following technological procedures; A — heating elements in all sections of the exposure zone are included; AI is the initial temperature of the fluidizing gas in the exposure zone of 400 ° C; total & the power consumption of all is; engraving elements of all sections of the holding area of 12 kW; A2 is the initial temperature of the fluidizing gas in the holding zone; the total power consumption of all heating elements of all sections of the high pressure zone is 25 kW; which provides compensation for changes in the local temperature and maintenance of the base temperature - is usual, a non-sectional discharge zone (without auxiliary heating elements), and the temperature of the fluidizing gas in the exposure zone is 500 C.
    sixteen
    In the case of the implementation of conditions A, the installation achieves the steady state operation in less than 40 minutes, and in the case of the implementation of conditions A2, less. than 30 min. In the case of a non-sectioned holding zone, condition B) to obtain the desired temperature profile in the structural zone of more than 1 h.
    The distribution and temperature variation in different sections of the exposure zone in the steady state were compared.
    mode of operation of the equipment.
    The results of the study of the temperature distribution along the length of the fluidized bed in the holding zone are given in TaO.3.
    The results obtained under the conditions of A1 and A2 show a positive effect on the equalization of temperature along the length of the aging zone, achieved by dividing it by sec.
    30 35 .40 45 „
    50
    perature. Subject to the condition B, the local temperature of the fluidized layer in the discharge zone increases by the end of the zone (the actual temperature of the wire or the temperature of the structural transformation also increases) 5 increases to an optimal level. Undesirable temperature deviations in the zone of rejection relative to the preset level may be more significant in practice, for example, due to changes in the diameter of the wire being processed or in case of failure of the plant uninterrupted operation (for example, in case of damage of any equipment elements), and this accordingly leads to a decrease in quality wire and increased scrap, which is typical of conventional steel wire patenting processes in the fluidized bed.
    In addition, the following characteristics of steel wire patented under the conditions A1, A2 and B were obtained (data for wire patented in molten lead are given for comparison); A1 is the ultimate tensile strength of 1217 N / mm; the average spread for the samples is 12.7 N / mm; A2 — tensile strength at stretch of 1234 N / mm, average dispersion of samples of 10.2 N / mm; B — tensile strength at stretch 1192 N / mm,
    i 1 i
    G-spread for samples 19.5 N / mm molten lead (560 ° C) - tensile strength at 1247 WMM average dispersion for samples 12.4 N / mm
    Figure 9 shows the distribution curves of tensile strength values for 36 steel wire samples (this distribution is due to the different location of the samples in the installation during the patenting process), which patenting is performed under conditions A1 and B, and also the comparative curve the distribution of the values of the shear strength g under tension for wire samples patented in molten lead.
    Fig. / 10 graphically presents several modes. Patents, each of which can be accurately implemented using the two-zone proposed unit with a fluidized bed, in which the fluidized layer in the holding zone is divided into several sections with an individual temperature control. In the diagram, temperature - time - structural transformation, curves 1 and 2 represent the process of patenting at two different temperature levels, curve 3 - the process of patenting, in which the structural transformation starts at one temperature, and continues and ends at another, higher temperature, the necessity of obtaining one or another fraction of the microstructure (For, 3b and 3c), and curve 4 is a stepwise patenting process, in which the austenitic steel is supercooled first, and then quickly It is heated to the temperature required for isothermal transformation of the structure to perlite.
    In order to carry out the continuous quenching of steel wire on martensite using a two-zone fluidized layer, a certain modification of the equipment is required. To this end, the quenching zone should be designed for deep cooling and should allow the transition from gentle quenching to quenching below the MS level ((temperature of the beginning of the martensite formation process) without crossing the pearlitic protrusion - on the temperature-time-structural-transformation curve. Corresponding modification
    15
    20
    25
    d 1
    ; ,
    d
    0 d
    thirty
    35
    0
    671 "
    hardening hardening can be an elongation or, if required, using an additional quenching module in the installation, which would ensure the complete transformation of austenite to martensite until the treated wire enters the latch where the martensite is maintained at a temperature in the zone may be subject to vacation.
    For patenting steel wires with extremely small diameters, a unit with one common fluidized layer and using a gas mixture as the fluidizing gas (spent gases from an austenitized furnace or gaseous products of natural gas combustion) having a pasjT can be used. iHO selected low basic temperature. The fluidized bed module in this case is divided into several sections with individual temperature control. The first of the modular sections used for wire hardening should be equipped with unregulated and adjustable cooling devices that absorb the excess heat of the hardened wire. The second and the last i modules of the module, which form the zone of touring, must be equipped with adjustable internal heating elements, the power of which must be sufficiently established and maintained in the zone of the required transformation temperature CTpyicTypHoro. In this case, all the elements required for the fluidized layer to operate, the elements must be part of the module design, and the devices for regulating thermal conditions and temperature compensation in the hardening process and holding should respectively form two independent control systems.
    The optimal power choice of auxiliary heating elements (this power must be large enough to compensate for temperature variations over a wide range and lower than power to maintain the usual temperature of the fluidizing gas) will provide high flexibility in the patenting process and make it possible to maintain local
    temperature in the exposure zone at a strictly defined level.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. Device for heat treatment of steel wire containing successively placed austenization heating furnace, quenching zone and boiling bed zone, cooler, fan, source and pipelines for supplying cold fluid to the quenching zone, heater, valve a torus, a source of hot fluidizing gas supplied to the zone: a holder, means for controlling the temperature of the gas supplied to the holding zone, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of heat treatment, abalting steel wire by providing a set temperature
    1240-1255 15 1140-1204 64
    In the installation of FB2
    1186-1222 36
    The maximum variation in the tensile strength value is determined on the same wire and between different wires in accordance with their arrangement in the furnace.
    mode along the furnace, the device is equipped with additional heating elements located along the axis of the soaking zone inside the fluidized bed, each element having individual means of temperature control.
    [2]
    2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the furnace for austenization is connected to the quenching zone through gas supply pipelines.
    [3]
    3. The device according to claim 2, wherein it is equipped with a heat exchanger installed in the gas supply line connecting the austenization furnace to the quenching zone.
    [4]
    4. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the quenching zone is in communication with the discharge zone through gas supply pipelines with a heat exchanger.
    Table 1
    Thin perlite
    Mixed, up to 20% coarse perlite
    Fine perlite + + small amount of large lamellar formations
    21
    FB3
    FB4
    FB5
    1207-1221
    1205 - 1222 52 - 57
    1191 - 1281 41 - 5A
    Lead at 122A - 1238
    56.5 - 53.5 Fine sorbitol + 0.6 - 0.9 + traces of flat pearlite
    Fine sorbitol + - 1.5 + traces of plate perlite
    Fine sor - 1.5 bits + coarse perlite + ferrite Fine sorbitol 1.0 - 1.2
    48 - 55
     The decrease in temperature in the last section is due to the influence of the exit of exhaust gases.
    you t t yu
    S 3№tPtfff
    1500167
    22
    Shsk /
    Fig.Z
    6 Q T / f-s
    U-Rig.
    w
    t
    650
    600
    550
    500
    50
    (TRIOmm
    v--; I
    PC
     X
    gr 35
    / X
    and f
    Th
     zzzizrr
      . /
     U, g, ...,. ri i i7 iV i.
     ; 1: f:. . II
    feBT
    L
    I.QJ
    jTf
    16 .S L //
    PC
     X
    FIG. 7
    V
    four
    ffj / ff / tj
    and and M I M M M M I I t M I KM «t t
    11 Chv «IIDG
    im
    P90
    pm nw
    for
    P50
    poo itJO
    "That
    1WO- fW 100
    an For rtn
    ““ Ff
    t | H and "Ml HIMt t I M Tt e" 9nfinietannt9t930K34) e Fi, 9
    X w 1
    glitch
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1500167A3|1989-08-07|Device for heat treating of steel wire
    US5676769A|1997-10-14|Gas carburizing process and an apparatus therefor
    US3496033A|1970-02-17|Method and apparatus for controlling annealing furnaces
    US4983227A|1991-01-08|Process and apparatus for heat-treating carbon steel wires to obtain a fine pearlitic structure
    KR101085262B1|2011-11-22|Method and device for the continuous creation of a bainite structure in a carbon steel, especially a strip steel
    EA022297B1|2015-12-30|Method and device for heat treating rails
    EP0216434B1|1991-04-17|Method and apparatus for the treatment of steel wires
    US3827879A|1974-08-06|Method for the gaseous reduction of metal ores
    US3935371A|1976-01-27|Plasma heated batch-type annealing furnace
    US4165246A|1979-08-21|Process for the heat treatment of thick walled steel pipes
    US3980467A|1976-09-14|Method of operating a batch type annealing furnace using a plasma heat source
    CN1156348C|2004-07-07|Continuous production facilities for wire
    JP6133359B2|2017-05-24|Method for heat-treating a metal member
    EA025680B1|2017-01-30|Method and apparatus for heat treating rails
    US4174097A|1979-11-13|Furnace for bright annealing of copper
    US3816901A|1974-06-18|Hod of converting a fuel burning batch annealing furnace to a gas plasma heat source type
    KR101917441B1|2018-11-09|Rolling device
    US2254891A|1941-09-02|Heat-treating furnace
    JP2020158403A|2020-10-01|Methane production apparatus, and control method of methane production apparatus
    KR100338704B1|2002-08-21|Manufacturing method of carbon steel wirerod for cold heading
    US5032191A|1991-07-16|Methods and devices for obtaining a homogeneous austenite structure
    CA1124511A|1982-06-01|Furnace for bright annealing of copper
    KR910001607B1|1991-03-16|Continous annealing extra-low carbon steel
    RU2116360C1|1998-07-27|Method for heat treatment of drawn articles and installation for performing the same
    BR112021005116A2|2021-06-15|method for heat treatment of steel wire with associated apparatus
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR860007391A|1986-10-10|
    DD250550A5|1987-10-14|
    EP0195473A1|1986-09-24|
    JPS61276938A|1986-12-06|
    IN166412B|1990-05-05|
    GB8505491D0|1985-04-03|
    ZA861595B|1986-10-29|
    SK280378B6|1999-12-10|
    CZ149186A3|1993-02-17|
    CA1270427A|1990-06-19|
    AU591652B2|1989-12-14|
    CN86101334A|1986-11-19|
    ES8703528A1|1987-02-16|
    KR930009977B1|1993-10-13|
    CZ281967B6|1997-04-16|
    BR8600916A|1986-11-11|
    AU5389686A|1986-09-11|
    ES552641A0|1987-02-16|
    DE3667301D1|1990-01-11|
    EP0195473B1|1989-12-06|
    AT48444T|1989-12-15|
    TR22844A|1988-08-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    RU2604542C2|2010-12-23|2016-12-10|Нв Бекаэрт Са|Method and plant for continuous production of steel wire|FR1541674A|1966-05-07|1968-10-11|Schloemann Ag|Process for producing patented steel wire from the rolling heat and device for carrying out this process|
    US3615083A|1969-07-02|1971-10-26|United States Steel Corp|Fluidized bed method and apparatus for continuously quenching coiled rod and wire|
    BE740482A|1969-10-17|1970-04-17|
    US3666253A|1969-12-26|1972-05-30|Yuri Yoshio|Fluidized bed furnace|
    US3718024A|1971-02-12|1973-02-27|Morgan Construction Co|Apparatus including a fluidized bed for cooling steel rod through transformation|
    US4168995A|1973-04-20|1979-09-25|December 4 Drotmuvek|Steel wire patenting process|
    JPS5135611A|1974-09-20|1976-03-26|Nippon Steel Corp| Senzainorenzokunetsushorihoho |
    JPS5137013A|1974-09-24|1976-03-29|Nippon Steel Corp| Senzainorenzokunetsushorisochi |
    JPS5835580B2|1979-01-26|1983-08-03|Osaka Gas Co Ltd|
    JPS5655238A|1979-10-11|1981-05-15|Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd|Manufacture of injection-molded product having pearl-like surface luster|
    GB8426455D0|1984-10-19|1984-11-28|Bekaert Sa Nv|Fluidised bed apparatus|
    KR940001357B1|1991-08-21|1994-02-19|삼성전관 주식회사|Panel display apparatus|CH675257A5|1988-02-09|1990-09-14|Battelle Memorial Institute|
    BE1004383A3|1989-07-26|1992-11-10|Bekaert Sa Nv|Fluidized bed for deterring WIRE.|
    GB2246793B|1990-08-04|1994-09-21|Tyne Tees Trans Tech Limited|Deposition employing fluidised bed|
    CA2098160A1|1993-04-12|1994-10-13|Charles N.A. Tonteling|Process for producing patented steel wire|
    FR2717825B1|1994-03-22|1996-06-14|Herve Yves Hellio|Controlled cooling installation for the heat treatment of metal parts.|
    DE19940845C1|1999-08-27|2000-12-21|Graf & Co Ag|Fine wire production process, especially for producing steel wires for textile fiber carding, uses the same furnace and-or cooling system for pre-annealing and drawn wire hardening treatment|
    CN1311088C|2002-01-18|2007-04-18|王新辉|Pneumatic steet shot heat treating method and fluidized bed unit|
    EP1491642B1|2002-03-25|2010-12-29|Hirohisa Taniguchi|Hot gas quenching devices, and hot gas heat treating system|
    JP4388340B2|2003-10-03|2009-12-24|新日本製鐵株式会社|Strength members for automobiles|
    US8506878B2|2006-07-14|2013-08-13|Thermcraft, Incorporated|Rod or wire manufacturing system, related methods, and related products|
    US20080011394A1|2006-07-14|2008-01-17|Tyl Thomas W|Thermodynamic metal treating apparatus and method|
    CN101333593B|2008-07-25|2010-06-30|张家港市东航机械有限公司|Low level sand returning machine in fluidized bed furnace for quenching steel wire of steel wire tire cord|
    CN104263899B|2014-10-14|2016-06-29|海城正昌工业有限公司|A kind of finer wire normalizing process and device|
    CN113502436A|2021-06-30|2021-10-15|江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司|Production method of plastic die steel plate and plastic die steel plate|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB858505491A|GB8505491D0|1985-03-04|1985-03-04|Heat treatment of steel|
    [返回顶部]