• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A glow plug (10) for a compression ignited or Diesel engine having a base member (12), an axial electrode (52) and a heater member (50). The heater member (50) comprising a conductive surface film heater element (124) disposed on the surface of a dielectric substrate (118). The surface film heater element (124) having one end in electrical contact with the base member (12) and the other end in electrical contact with the axial electrode (52).
    公开号:SU1195919A3
    申请号:SU833645189
    申请日:1983-09-21
    公开日:1985-11-30
    发明作者:Аллен Брукс Марк；Томала Амброс；Ли Кейси Гари
    申请人:Дзе Бендикс Корпорейшн (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    0 162S2S 29 S
    2. Candle pop. 1, characterized by the fact that the film is made of metal.
    3. Candle in accordance with claim 2, wherein the metal film is made of a platinum-group transition metal.
    4. Candle according to claim 2, characterized in that on the surface of the metal film there is an additional film made of a transition metal of the platinum group.
    5. Candle pr, clause 4, about the fact that the dielectric layer is placed between the metal film and the additional film.
    6. Candle pop. 4 and 5, characterized in that the metal cell film is made of a resistive metal alloy.
    7. Candles according to claims 2, 3, 4 and 5, which means that the substrate is made in the form of qiidr placed around the central electrode,
    and the metal film is located on the outer surface of the cylinder.
    8. Candle according to claim 7, characterized in that
    the substrate is made of ceramic. I
    9. Candles according to Claim 8, characterized in that Kersh 1 ches substrate is made of alumina.
    10. Candle Claim 8, wherein the ceramic substrate is made of quartz.
    M. Candle in accordance with claim 7, wherein the substrate is made of a metal, on the surface of which a film of an orelectric is placed.
    12. Candles according to Claim 7, such that the metal film is sewn in the form of a spiral tape located on the outer surface of the cylinder.
    13. Candles according to item 12, that is, that the metal film is made in the form of several spiral tapes located on the outer surface of the cylinder.
    14. Candle in accordance with claim 2-5, which differs in that the substrate is made as an element with two flat opposite surfaces.
    5919
    15. Candle according to claim 14, characterized in that the substrate element is made of ceramic.
    16. Candle pop. 15 differences with the fact that the metal
    the film consists of at least two parts, one on each opposite surface of the substrate element.
     17. A candlestick according to claim 14, wherein the element of the sub-layer is made of metal and a dielectric layer is placed on at least one of its faces}.
    18. A candlestick according to claim 17, characterized in that the dielectric layer is located at least on both surfaces of the substrate element, and the metal film consists of
    0 of at least two parts located on the dielectric layers.
    19. Candle pop.1, distinguished by the fact that the conductive surface film is made of
    5 cermet material.
    20. Candle in accordance with claim 19, characterized in that the cermet material contains at least one transition metal from
    0 platinum group. .
    21. Candle according to claim 19, characterized in that there is an additional on the surface of the cermet conductive film.
    5. A film made of a transition metal of a platinum group.
    22. Candles according to item 21, about t and ich and y. So that between the cermet conductive film and
    0 additional film is placed dielectric layer.
    23. Candles according to claims 19 - 22, characterized in that the substrate is made in the form of a cylinder disposed concentrically with the central electrode.
    24. Candles according to Claim 23, such that the cylindrical substrate is made of ceramic.
    25. Candle according to claim 24, characterized in that the cylindrical substrate is made of metal, on the outer surface of which a film of dielectric is placed.
    26. Candle according to claim 23, characterized in that the metal-ceramic film is made in the form
    spiral tape located on the outer surface of the cylinder. 27. Candle in paragraph 24, about the t l and cha y and with the fact that it is spiral. the tape is made in the form of several parallel tapes arranged
    on the surface of the cylinder.
    28. Candles on PP.19 - 22, about the fact that the substrate is made in the form of an element with two
    nineteen
    flat opposite surfaces.
    29. Candle according to Claim 28, characterized in that the substrate element is made of ceramic.
    30. Candle in accordance with claim 28, wherein the substrate element is made of metal and a dielectric layer is placed on at least one of its planes.
    1 The invention relates to an engine structure, in particular to ignition devices using incandescent bodies, intended to facilitate the start of a diesel engine. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability and economy of the spark plugs, as well as reduce its thermal inertia. Fig. 1 shows a pilot candle (first embodiment), longitudinal section; figure 2 is the same cross section; fig.Z - contact washer, cut; figure 4 - heater (first option), a partial section; fig.Z - the same, the second option; figure 6 is the same, the third option; Fig. 7 shows a pilot candle (second embodiment), longitudinal section; Fig. 8 is a pilot candle (third option) with a flat heater, longitudinal section; Fig 9 is the same, top view; figure 10 flat heater, longitudinal section; Fig. P - the same, top view; 12 shows a heater (fourth embodiment), a longitudinal section; on Fig is a possible variant of the heater on Fig, a longitudinal section; Figure 14 shows a heater having a ceramic-rich top layer; Fig. 15 is the same having a metallic substrate; in fig. 16 is an electrical circuit of the installation on a diesel engine of a spark-plug having a heater with a metal film heater. The glow plug 1 comprises a cylindrical body 2, having at one end an internal step 3 for one end of the heater 4, and on the other hand - stepped holes 5,6 and 7, with hole 7 being through {CM. A support end 8 for the assembly 9 of the rod 10 is formed at the boundary between the holes 5 and 6, and a support end P for the spring 12 between the openings 6 and 7. The assembly 9 is placed in the opening 5 and contains a contact rod 10, a holder 13, a washer 14 Snlastic and plug 15. Contact rod 10 at one end has an opening for accommodating a spring pin 16, at the other end is a threaded part 17 for connection to a current source and a shoulder 18 for fastening. The holder 13 is molded from a structural thermoplastic around the collar 18 of the rod 10 and centers the latter in the housing 2. The blanking plate 15 is made by injection molding and secures the assembly 9 in the housing 2 through the groove 19 and the slots 20 made in the housing 2. At the end of the heater 4 Removable from step 3, a cap 21 is installed, attached to electrode 22. Between step 3 and the end of heater 4, a first contact washer 23 is fitted with a coating, providing electrical contact between heater 4 and housing 2. W pa provided with covering the contact washer 24 is installed between the cap 21 and the other end of the heater 4. The washers 23 and. 24 may be cone-shaped, however, it is more preferable to perform them with the convex part 25 resting against the heater 4 (FIG. 3). The washers 23 and 24 may be coated with a precious metal, such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, or other noble metal or noble metal alloy used in the field of making electrical contacts. The cap 21 is screwed onto the threaded end of the axial electrode 2-2, after which the end of the electrode is riveted. The opposite end of the electrode 22 has a radial protrusion 26 and an axial hole 27 for the pin J6. A guide 28 is formed around this end of the electrode 22, which isolates the electrode 22 from the housing 2. The guide 28 is mounted in the housing 2 with the possibility of movement and has a first socket 29 and springs 12 and a second socket 30 for the rod 10. The guide thermoplastic type polyphenylsulfide. The spring 12 acts through the electrode 22 on the heater 4, pressing it against the ledge 3 with a force of 22.5 to 45 kg. Spring 12 provides good contact between the contact sheybami 23 and 24 and the heater 4, and also compensates for the thermal expansion of parts. The washers 31, 32, 33 and 34 provide electrical and thermal insulation between the spring 12 and the housing 2. The washer 31 is made of steel, the washer 33 is made of alkini silicate and provides the basic electrical and thermal insulation. The washer 32, made of high-temperature plastic, prevents abrasion of the washer 33 by the washer 31. The washer 34 is made of phenoplast and provides protection against the destruction of the washer 33 by the force of the spring 12. The case has a thread 35 for fastening the plug in the engine case and the hexagon 36
    convenience of mounting candles. I
    Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate embodiments of the heater. The heater 37, shown in figure 4, contains a cylindrical ceramic substrate 38, made, for example, of aluminum oxide or quartz and having a length of about 1.0 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm. Edges 39 and 40 of the substrate 38 are radially and cleanly polished. A metal or metal-ceramic film 41 with a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 µm is glued to the outer cylindrical surface of the heater 37, which is an electrical heating element. The film 41 can be applied by any of the known methods (vapor cooling, vacuum deposition, spray metallization, plasma deposition or chemical methods J. The film 41 is made of a noble metal or metal-ceramic containing a transition metal selected from a platinum group containing platinum, parallel, iridium and radium or their alloys.Film 41 can be applied by coating the surface of the heater 37 and its ends with a thin layer of platinum reagent and subsequent calcination for 10–20 min. Latin coating with a thickness of about 10 microns. After applying the film 41 on the heater 37, spiral grooves 42,43 and 44 are drawn in the middle of the heater, thereby forming several spiral-shaped elements 45,46 and 47. The sections 48 and 49 of the film 41 placed on opposite The ends of the heater 37 and at its ends, provide a parallel connection of the elements 45, 46 and 47. The preferred electrical resistance of the parallel-connected elements 45, 46 and 47 ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 ohms.
    The heater 50 shown in FIG. 5 includes a cylindrical ceramic substrate 51, the same as the substrate 38. Similarly, the ends of the substrate are made in both variants. On the outer surface of the substrate 51, a first conductive film 52 is applied, which serves as a heating element, made, for example, of platinum with a thickness of 0.1 to 10 microns. On the end sections of the cylindrical surface and the ends of the substrate 51 on top of the film 52 additional films 53 and 54 are applied, the thickness of which is greater than the film thickness 52. The films 53 and 54 have low electrical resistance and form the electrodes of the heater 50. They are also made of platinum group metals. The area located between the films 53 and 54 forms a heating element 55. Films like films 53 and 54 can also be applied to the heater 37 in FIG. 4. A modification of the heater in FIG. 5 is depicted in FIG. In this embodiment, the first conductive film 56 is applied on the outer cylindrical and end surfaces of the substrate 57, as well as. and figure 5. Then, a layer of the second metal is deposited over the film 56 in the region 58, fused with the first film 56, resulting in a layer of high resistance alloy 59 on the middle part of the substrate 57. The second metal is chosen so that the alloy formed has a higher resistance than the first film 56 The resistance of the alloy layer is also in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 ohms. The heating elements are preferably made of metals or cermets based on platinum group metals of their high corrosion resistance under operating conditions in internal combustion engines. In addition, these metals have a catalytic effect on fuel ignition. Another advantage of the platinum group metals is that they have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, which, by selecting the resistance and the configuration of the heating element, makes the heating element self-limiting in resistance. Fig. 7 shows a variant of a glow plug in which a metal body 60 and a ceramic insulator 61 are used, which are used in traditional spark candles. The axial electrode 62 is fixed in insulator 61 n and has a threaded portion protruding from insulator 61. On heater electrode 62 a heater 63 is installed, similar to that shown in Figures 4.5 or 6. It rests on the supporting surface of the undercut 64 in the case of i60. At the ends of the heater 63, washers 65 and 66, coated with a noble metal, were installed, which resiliently supported the heater 63 between the housing 60 and the nut 67 turned on the end of the electrode 62. The end of the electrode 62 from the side of the nut 67 was uncovered. The groove 64 fixes the heater 63 along the axis of the candle. If necessary, the heater can be given any desired shape. On Fig and 9 presents a variant of a spark-plug, in which the heater has a flat shape. The axial electrode 68 has a locking 69 at its end, allowing the heater 70 to be installed. The housing 71 has a rectangular notch 72 in which one end of the heater 70 enters and at the bottom of which a spring 73 is covered with a noble metal. the element covered with a noble metal scrap 74, which has a groove into which the other end of the heater 70 enters. The element 74 and the heater 70 are pressed against the spring 73, and the protruding end of the electrode 68 is riveted. Figure 10 shows the heater 70 in an enlarged view. neighing a flat rectangular ceramic substrate 75. Edges 76,77,78 and 79 are cleanly ground and rounded at joints with planes 80,81,82 and 83. Surfaces 80,81, 82 and 83 are covered with a conductive film forming flat surface heating elements 84, which are preferably made of a platinum group metal or cermet containing a platinum group metal. To thicken the coating in the electrical contact areas of the heater 70 with the spring 73 and element 74 (Fig.8 and 9) on the surface 82 and 83 and partly on surfaces 80 and 81 can Thicker contact films 85 and 86 can be applied. If necessary, the resistance of the heating element 84 can be increased by cutting grooves 87 and 88 in the heater 89 in the heating element (Fig. 1i. To ensure the catalytic action of the ignition plug, it is not about za-. to carry out the self-sticking element made of platinum group metal. FIG. 12 metal film heater 90 is made of a resistive material, such as nichrome, and is located directly on the support 91. The middle portion of the heating element 90 between the contact ends 92 and 93 is covered with a thin layer 94 of a dielectric, such as aluminium oxide. The dielectric layer 94 pority fine film 95 metal PLA7
    tin group. The film seals the contact end 92, providing electrical grounding of the film 95 and preventing static 3 arrays from accumulating. The dielectric layer 94 can be made of a semiconductor material capable of transmitting static charges generated on the film 94 directly to the film heater 90 The heater design shown in Fig. I2 is basically suitable for a cylindrical and flat heater.
    In Fig. 13, the dielectric layer is absent and the film 96 made of platinum-group metal is applied to the cut heating element 97. On the contact surface, the film 96 and the element 97 are partially fused, so that the outer surface of the heater is exposed mainly covered with platinum-group metal.
    To further protect the heating element from harsh environmental conditions inside the engine cylinder, a porous ceramic layer 99 made of aJHOMHHH oxide, spinel or other ceramic material is applied to the surface of the heating element 98 (FIG. 14). This porous layer can be used in combination with any of the heaters described.
    To achieve constructive qualities, the heater can be provided with a cylindrical metal substrate 100 (FIG. 15 On the outer surface of the substrate 100 there is a dielectric layer 101 in the form of a chemically formed oxide or in the form of a deposited layer of alumina or chinel. The dielectric layer 101 is conductive film 102. Fig. 16 shows a glow plug 103 installed in the cylinder 104 of the engine cylinder. One terminal of the battery 105 is connected to the engine mass. The body 106 of the plug 103 is screwed into the I04 head vigatel and connects the
    95919
    one end of the heater 107 with the battery 105. The other end of the heater 107, electrically connected to the contact rod 5 I08, is connected to the output of the glow plug control device 109 and through it to the second terminal of the battery 103 using the switch 110. "O
    The pilot candle works as follows.
    Before starting the engine, the operator turns on the switches 110. The control driver 109 receives energy from the battery and provides it with a spark-plug. Usually, the switch is a separate device, actuated by the operator before start-up, however, due to the short running time, this switch can serve as an ignition switch. Control device 109
    25 provides electrical energy to the ignition plug for a predetermined period of time and until the engine goes into independent mode of operation, which
    30 is determined by the output of an electric generator, engine temperature, oil pressure, etc. The device 109 regulates and limits the electrical energy supplied to
    3 spark plugs. After stopping the supply of energy to the spark plug, sufficient to maintain engine operation, the spark plug temperature will provide heat generated in the cylinder.
    40 engine as a result of the combustion of the fuel mixture.
    The proposed spark plugs have a higher corrosion resistance; low thermal inertia, heating time to a temperature of 900-1500 C for two or three seconds; high power density; the ability of self-limiting current; the presence of catalytic properties that improve
    50 ignition of the mixture, as well as a fairly high adaptability. FIG. 2 48 47
    pue, 3 Vff I ff, ft fia.Z
    权利要求:
    Claims (28)
    [1]
    1. Glow plug, comprising a housing, a central electrode located in the housing and electrically isolated from it, and a heater made of a substrate and an electric heating element located on the surface of the substrate, one end of the heating element being in electrical contact with the housing, and another with a central electrode, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability and »economy, as well as reduce thermal inertia, the electric heating element is made in the form of odyaschey surface film and is arranged at least on one of the surfaces of the substrate.
    SU <„, 1195919
    ΓΙ 95919
    [2]
    2. A candle according to π.1, the difference between the years and the fact that the film is made of metal.
    [3]
    3. The candle according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal 5 film is made of a transition metal of the platinum group.
    [4]
    4. The candle according to claim 2, characterized in that on the surface of the metal film there is an additional film made of a transition metal of the platinum group.
    [5]
    5. The candle according to claim 4, with the exception that a layer of dielectric is placed between the metal film 15 and the additional film.
    [6]
    6. The candle in paragraphs. 4 and 5, characterized in that the metal film is made of an alloy of resistive metal.
    [7]
    7. A candle according to claims 2,3,4 and 5, characterized in that the substrate is made in the form of a cylinder placed around a central electrode, 25 and a metal film is located on the outer surface of the cylinder.
    [8]
    8. The candle according to claim 7, characterized in that the cylindrical substrate is made of ceramic. zo i
    [9]
    9. The candle according to claim 8, characterized in that the ceramic substrate is made of aluminum oxide.
    [10]
    10. The candle of claim 8, differs 35 w w I I and in that the ceramic substrate is made of quartz.
    I. The candle according to claim 7, wherein the substrate is made of metal, on the outer surface of which a film of dielectric is placed.
    [11]
    12. The candle according to claim 7, with the fact that the metal 45 film is made in the form of a spiral tape located on the outer surface of the cylinder.
    [12]
    13. The candle on π. 12, with the fact that the metal 50 film is made in the form of several spiral tapes located on the outer surface of the cylinder.
    [13]
    14. The candle according to claim 2 - 5> with respect to the fact that the substrate 55 is made in the form of an element with two flat opposite surfaces. . -
    [14]
    15. The candle according to 14, characterized in that the substrate element is made of ceramic.
    [15]
    16. Candle pop. 15 differs by the fact that the metal film consists of at least two parts located one on each opposite surface of the substrate element.
    [16]
    17. The candle according to 14, characterized in that the substrate element is made of metal and a dielectric layer is placed on at least one of its surfaces.
    [17]
    18. A candle according to claim 17, characterized in that the dielectric layer is placed on at least both surfaces of the substrate element, and the metal film consists of at least two parts located on the dielectric layers.
    [18]
    19. Candle pop 1, distinguished by the fact that the conductive surface film is made of cermet material.
    2'0. The candle according to claim 19, with the fact that the cermet material contains at least one transition metal from the platinum group. .
    [19]
    21. The candle according to claim 19, indicating that on the surface / cermet conductive film there is an additional film made of a transition metal of the platinum group.
    [20]
    22. The candle according to item 21, wherein. in that a dielectric layer is placed between the ceramic-metal conductive film and the additional film.
    [21]
    23. A candle according to claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the substrate is made in the form of a cylinder located concentrically with the central electrode.
    [22]
    24. The candle according to item 23, wherein the cylindrical substrate is made of ceramic.
    [23]
    25. The candle according to paragraph 24, characterized in that the cylindrical substrate is made of metal, on the outer surface of which is placed a film of dielectric.
    [24]
    26. The candle according to item 23, characterized in that the cermet film is made in the form of a spiral tape located on the outer surface of the cylinder. -
    [25]
    27. The candle according to paragraph 24, on the basis of the fact that it is spiral. the tape is made in the form of several * parallel tapes located on the outer surface of the cylinder.
    [26]
    28. A candle according to claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the substrate is made in the form of an element with two flat opposing surfaces.
    [27]
    29. The candle according to claim 28, with the fact that the substrate element is made of ceramic.
    [28]
    30. The candle according to claim 28, characterized in that the substrate element is made of metal and a dielectric layer is placed on at least one of its planes.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1195919A3|1985-11-30|Ignition plug
    US8672721B2|2014-03-18|High power discharge fuel ignitor
    US9287686B2|2016-03-15|Method of making composite spark plug with capacitor
    US9490609B2|2016-11-08|Metallic insulator coating for high capacity spark plug
    US4406968A|1983-09-27|Sparkplug for internal combustion engine
    US4682008A|1987-07-21|Self-temperature control type glow plug
    US5935399A|1999-08-10|Air-fuel ratio sensor
    KR19980080845A|1998-11-25|Ceramic Heaters
    US4939409A|1990-07-03|Spark plug with a surface discharge section
    US4620512A|1986-11-04|Glow plug having a conductive film heater
    US4816643A|1989-03-28|Glow plug having a metal silicide resistive film heater
    US4620511A|1986-11-04|Glow plug having a conductive film heater
    US6144015A|2000-11-07|Glow sensor--ceramic flat plate
    JP3674231B2|2005-07-20|Glow plug and manufacturing method thereof
    US4582981A|1986-04-15|Glow plug having a resistive surface film heater
    JPH1089687A|1998-04-10|Glow plug
    US6812432B1|2004-11-02|Sheathed-element heater plug
    US6559578B1|2003-05-06|Spark plug for an internal combustion engine
    EP0129676B1|1987-07-08|An improved glow plug having a resistive surface film heater
    EP0222336A2|1987-05-20|Piezoelectric gas igniter
    JPH10110952A|1998-04-28|Glow plug
    JP3605962B2|2004-12-22|Ion current detector
    JP2892103B2|1999-05-17|Spark plug with heater
    JPH10110950A|1998-04-28|Glow plug and its manufacture
    RU2068156C1|1996-10-20|Electrode for gas burner lighting device
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0105807A1|1984-04-18|
    ES282333Y|1986-07-16|
    ES282333U|1985-12-16|
    BR8305497A|1984-05-15|
    AU1845383A|1984-04-05|
    CA1238829A|1988-07-05|
    US4545339A|1985-10-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1957762A|1929-09-16|1934-05-08|Packard Motor Car Co|Glow plug for internal combustion engines|
    US2178659A|1938-10-12|1939-11-07|Otto Milbrand|Glow plug for internal combustion engines|
    US2198850A|1939-08-01|1940-04-30|Otto Milbrand|Glow plug for internal combustion engines|
    US2993977A|1959-12-02|1961-07-25|J D Hedges And Company Ltd Par|Portable lighter|
    DE1526326C3|1964-02-10|1974-06-06|Hermann 7742 St. Georgen Papst|Injection and ignition device for internal combustion engines|
    DE1555053B1|1964-04-23|1970-04-30|Saint Gobain|Process for the production of a heated car window|
    US3372305A|1966-04-15|1968-03-05|Carborundum Co|Silicon carbide igniter|
    US3842319A|1972-02-04|1974-10-15|Tappan Co|Gas igniter|
    DE2554399C3|1975-12-03|1979-09-06|Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen|Process for the production of pipes made of silicon or silicon carbide, which can be heated directly|
    US4035613A|1976-01-08|1977-07-12|Kyoto Ceramic Co., Ltd.|Cylindrical ceramic heating device|
    US4160969A|1976-12-27|1979-07-10|The Garrett Corporation|Transducer and method of making|
    JPS5642748B2|1977-05-24|1981-10-07|
    US4268954A|1977-06-23|1981-05-26|Angstrohm Precision Incorporated|Method of making non-inductive cylindrical thin film resistor|
    FR2398969B1|1977-07-29|1980-04-04|Eyquem|
    US4183136A|1977-08-03|1980-01-15|Johnson Controls, Inc.|Temperature sensing resistance device|
    AU5091179A|1978-10-03|1980-04-17|Lucas Industries Limited|Starting aid for an i.c. engine|
    DE2900984C2|1979-01-12|1983-01-05|W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau|Glow plug for diesel engines|
    JPS638312B2|1979-03-20|1988-02-22|Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk|
    JPS6219034B2|1979-03-24|1987-04-25|Kyosera Kk|
    US4437440A|1979-06-20|1984-03-20|Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd.|Auxiliary combustion chamber preheating device|
    US4351291A|1980-10-02|1982-09-28|Champion Spark Plug Company|Glow plug|
    US4418661A|1981-02-07|1983-12-06|Robert Bosch Gmbh|Glow plug, particularly for diesel engine|US4725711A|1984-08-27|1988-02-16|Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd.|Self temperature control type glow plug|
    DE8427789U1|1984-09-21|1986-01-23|Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart|Sheathed-element glow plugs for internal combustion engines|
    US4816643A|1985-03-15|1989-03-28|Allied-Signal Inc.|Glow plug having a metal silicide resistive film heater|
    US5031229A|1989-09-13|1991-07-09|Chow Loren A|Deposition heaters|
    US5157240A|1989-09-13|1992-10-20|Chow Loren A|Deposition heaters|
    IT1285043B1|1996-03-29|1998-06-03|Cooper Ind Italia|INCANDESCENT HEATING CANDLE, PARTICULARLY FOR DIESEL CYCLE ENGINES|
    US20050070516A1|1997-10-28|2005-03-31|Vivus Inc.|As-needed administration of an androgenic agent to enhance female desire and responsiveness|
    US5856651A|1998-04-06|1999-01-05|Surface Igniter Corporation|Shield for a hot surface ignitor and method for fabricating a shield|
    US6144015A|1998-09-25|2000-11-07|General Motors Corporation|Glow sensor--ceramic flat plate|
    JP2006300046A|2004-08-05|2006-11-02|Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd|Glow plug with combustion pressure detecting function|
    CA2719410C|2007-11-16|2016-09-06|Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company|Moisture resistant layered sleeve heater and method of manufacture thereof|
    USD879972S1|2018-04-11|2020-03-31|Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.|Adhesive bandage with decorated pad|
    USD880705S1|2018-04-11|2020-04-07|Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.|Adhesive bandage with decorated pad|
    USD887564S1|2018-06-27|2020-06-16|Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.|Adhesive bandage with decorated pad|
    USD887563S1|2018-06-27|2020-06-16|Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.|Adhesive bandage with decorated pad|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US06/430,909|US4545339A|1982-09-30|1982-09-30|Glow plug having a conductive film heater|
    [返回顶部]