• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1. CARDAN HINGE, containing a crosspiece with trunnions with working surfaces, two forks with glasses with working surfaces fixed in their eyes and rolling elements installed with the possibility of linear contact with the mentioned surfaces, tl and h u with the fact that, in order to increase the service life by eliminating overloads of the working surfaces of the contact surfaces with the ends of the rolling elements, and the ends of the rolling elements caused by elastic deformations of the cross to the forks, as well as with reducing the labor intensity of manufacturing by reducing the accuracy class of working surfaces and the accuracy of adjusting the links; one of the working surfaces of each pair of links formed by the trunnion and glass is spherical, the other is toroidal, the rolling elements are shaped as rollers with a convex im concave forming radius the radius of the sphere and the radius of the forming toroidal surface, which are inclined to the axis of the trunnion, and the glasses, which are located opposite each other, are connected by a fixed rod. 2. A hinge according to claim 1, wherein tl and ch yu u and with TeMj that the angle of inclination of the axes of the rollers relative to the respective axes of the trunnions is 3. The hinge according to claim 1. This is due to the fact that the clamping rod is made with a supporting surface on one of the ends and a threaded surface on the other. 4.Sharnir on PP. 1 and 3, which are fastened by the fact that the extension rods are installed inside the cross (L and located eccentrically with respect to the axes of the trunnions in two parallel: planes with a gap relative to each other. 1 5. A hinge in paragraphs 1 and 3, l t that the extension j rods are placed outside of the cross. 6. A hinge according to claim 1, distinguished by 4 01 th and with the fact that it is equipped with lids, each of which is installed in a through hole made at the bottom of the corresponding glass Od 7. A hinge according to claim 1, whether it has a shchi and the fact that the crosspiece is made hollow with internal 8. The hinge according to claim 7, characterized in that it is provided with intersecting cross-pieces, on the ends of which there are cups fixed. 9. The hinge according to claims 7 and 8, which has one of the cross-beams center hole with increasing diameter
    公开号:SU1145936A3
    申请号:SU823445627
    申请日:1982-05-31
    公开日:1985-03-15
    发明作者:Александр Орэн Мишель
    申请人:Гланзер Списер (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    rum in the directions to the periphery, inside which another crossbar is placed with a gap,
    10, A hinge on PP, 7-9, of which it is necessary to ensure that each fork is equipped with a cup, which, with a gap, encloses a corresponding pin in the hollow cross,
    11. The hinge on p. 7, of tl and h ay i and the fact that the cross is made of a composite of four inserts installed with the possibility
    interacting with each other by means of inclined side surfaces and with the possibility of interacting with the annular casing by means of other side surfaces,
    12. The hinge of claim 11, stating that it is equipped with two bellows, one end of each of which is fixed to the shaft of the fork, and the other is installed between the annular casing and the composite crosspiece.
      l The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular for connecting shafts arranged at a certain varying angle to each other,
    The cardan joint is known, which contains a crosspiece with trunnions having working surfaces in the form of treadmills, two forks with fixed in their eyes glasses with working surfaces in the form of treadmills and needles in the vvde needles installed with the possibility of linear contact with the said working surfaces t1J "
    However, when the cardan joint is loaded with a torque, the resulting elastic deformations of the plugs and crosses cause the needles to skew relative to the working surfaces of the trunnions and glasses, which leads to significant overloading of the ends of the needles and parts of the treadmills in contact with the ends of the needles, which, in turn, leads to to their premature destruction; the inevitable interaction of the ends of the needles with the bottom of the glass leads to overloads of the ends of the needles and their misalignment relative to the working surfaces, which also reduces the durability of the hinge; Since the needle bearings do not transfer axial loads, axial interaction of the axles and glasses is provided by direct contact between some of their surfaces, which leads to an increase in the temperature of the hinge due to the sliding friction between the surfaces of the axles and glasses to the occurrence of cylindrical forces during torque transmission between shafts located at a certain angle to each other, causing noise, to the need to ensure high accuracy of the execution of the surfaces of the pins, needles and glasses and the selector assembly, to the need to ensure strict requirements for alignment, parallelism, perpendicularity, intersection, and others.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the service life of the hinge by eliminating overloading areas of the working surfaces in contact with the ends of the rolling elements and ends of the rolling elements by eliminating the contact surfaces of the crosses axles with the surfaces of the glass, as well as reducing the complexity of manufacturing by reducing the class of working surfaces and simplifying assembly and adjustment.
    The goal is achieved by the fact that, in the cardan joint, which contains a crosspiece with trunnions having working surfaces, two forks with glasses with working surfaces fixed in their lugs and rolling elements installed with the possibility of direct contact with said working surfaces the surfaces of each pair of links formed by a pin and a glass are made spherical, the other is toroidal, the rolling elements are made in the form of rollers with a convex or concave generatrix, the radius of which is veins radius of the sphere and the radius of the generatrix toroidal3 hydrochloric surface disposed with a clone to the trunnion axis, and glasses, disintegrations false opposite one another, joined article zhnym rod. The angle of the axes of the rollers relative to the respective axes of the trunnions may be 5–20. The stem rod may be threaded with a bearing surface at one 13 ends and a threaded surface at the other., The bracelets are mounted inside the cross and are eccentrically relative to the axes of the axles in two parallel planes with a gap relative to each other. Secure rods placed outside the cross. The hinge is provided with fasteners, each of which is mounted in a through hole made at the bottom of a corresponding glass. The cross is hollowed out with internal working surfaces. The hinge is provided with intersecting crossbars, at the ends of which the glasses are fixed. One of the crossbars is made with a central opening with an increasing diameter in the directions to the periphery, inside which another crossbar is placed with a gap. Each fork's eye is provided with a cup covering with a gap the corresponding trunnion trunnion, “The cross is made of a composite of four inserts installed with the ability to interact with each other through inclined side surfaces and with the ability to interact with the annular casing with cylindrical surfaces and other lateral surfaces The hinge is equipped with two bellows , one end of each of which is fixed on the shaft of the fork, and the other is installed between the annular casing and the composite crosspiece. Fig, 1 shows the universal joint, section; FIG. 2 is a section A-A in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 shows a variant with one joint of a crosspiece with a stack of a fork, re cut; in fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a cardan joint with a hollow crosspiece, a slit; Fig. 5 is a section B-B of Fig. 6 (an embodiment of the connection of a hollow cross with a fork); in fig. 6 is a sectional view B-B in FIG. 5 (a variant of joining a hollow 364 cross with a fork); in fig. 7 hollow composite crossings, view; FIGS. 8 and 9 — a variant combining the cross of a trunnion with a glass of a fork, a slit; Fig. 10 is a variant of the connection of a hollow cross with a fork, a slit; in fig. 11 - cardan joint with the option of placing the tie rods, a slit. The cardan joint (figs 1-2) contains a cross-piece 1 with two pairs of coaxial trunnions 2, the working surface 3 of each of which is installed with the possibility of linear contact with the rolling bodies executed in the form of rollers 4. The working surface 3 of the trunnions 2 is made outer, spherical . The axis X-X of the rollers 4 are placed at an angle d to the axis Y-Y of coaxial trunnions, which can vary in the range of 5-20, and intersect at one point located on the axis Y-Y, in the direction from the center of the cross. The forming roller 4 is curved, concave. Rollers 4 are covered by a working surface 5, filled with a convex, inner, -toroidal glass 6. The radius of the forming roller 4 is equal to the radius of the working surface 3 and is equal to the radius forming the working surface 5. The glasses 6 located OD1Sh. opposite the other, they are fastened in the eyes of the forks (not shown) and are connected by a clamping rod 7j made with, the supporting surface 8 at one end and the threaded surface 9 at the other, and the nut tO. The stem rods 7 are located eccentrically with respect to the axle of the axles, inside the axial holes 11 of the cross 1, between the surface 2 and the surface of the glass 6 there is an annular sealing lip 12. The cardan hinge (Fig. 3) contains the crossbar 13 with the axles 2, the slab 3 of each installed with the ability to interact with the rollers 4, which, in turn, are installed with the possibility of interaction with the working surface 5 of the cup 14, filled with an axial hole 15, in which the screw 16 is installed, between pin 2 and one hundred The canal 14 is fitted with an annular sealing lip 12, the axis X-X of the rollers 4 intersect at a single point located on the axis Y-U, in the direction towards the center of the cross. Cardan joint (FIGS. 8 and 9) contains | The device (1, 13) with pins 2, the working surface 17 of each of which is installed with the ability to interact with rolling bodies, made in the form of rollers 18, installed with the possibility of interaction with the working surface 19 glasses (6, 14), Forming the roller 18 is made curvilinear , convex, The working surface 17 is made outer, concave, toroidal. The working surface 19 is made internal, concave, spherical. The radius of the generator roller. 18 Equal to the radius of the spherical surface 19 is equal to the radius of the forming toroidal surface 17, the Hinge is provided with a separator 20 and sealing sleeves 12, the axis X-X of the rollers 18 intersect at one point located on the axis U-Y in the direction of the cross of the center of the cross (in the variant the versions of FIG. 8) and in the direction towards the center of the cross (in the embodiment of FIG. 9), the cardan joint (FIG. 4) contains a hollow cross 21 with working surfaces 22 installed with the ability to cooperate with the rollers 4 installed in turn with maybe Interaction with working surfaces of 23 glasses 24, filled in the form of a ring. The working surface 22 is made internal, convex, toroidal. The working surface 23 is made outer, convex, spherical. One pair of coaxial glasses 24 is connected to the lugs 25 of one of the forks through the cups 26, and to each other through a crossmember 27. through the bolt 28 and nuts 29, the other glasses 24 are connected to the lugs of the 25 forks through the cups 26, and to each other - through the crossbar 30 bolts 31, the crossbars 27 and 30 are made intersecting in the center of the cross and the cross 30 is made with a through hole 32 extending from the central part to the periphery in both directions. An annular sealing lip 33 is installed between the inner surface of the cup 26 and the outer surface of the trunnion 21, the Cardan joint (FIG. 10) contains a cross 21 with working surfaces 34 installed with the ability to interact with the rolling bodies in the form of rollers 18 that are installed with the possibility of interacting with working surfaces 35 cups 24, the working surface 34 is made internal, concave, spherical. The working surface 35 is made outer, concave, toroidal. One pair of coaxial glasses 24 is connected to the lugs 25 of one of the forks through the cups 26, and between them through the crossmember 27 by means of a bolt 28 and nut 29, the other glasses 24 are connected to the eyes of the 25 forks through the cups 26, and among themselves - through the crossbar by 30 bolts 31, The cuff 33 is installed between the cup and the crosspiece. The rollers 18 are installed in the separator 20, the Cardan hinge (FIG. 5-7) contains a composite hollow crosspiece 36 made of four inserts 37, each of which is made with a working one. the surface 22 mounted to interact with the rollers 4, which, in turn, are mounted to interact with the working surface 23 of the neck 38 of the plug 39, the insert 37 and are made with inclined side surfaces 40 designed to interact with each other and other side surfaces 41, parallel with each other, installed with the possibility of interaction with the annular casing 42 and the cylindrical surfaces 43; In addition, the cardan joint is provided with two bellows 44, one of the ends of each which is mounted on the shaft of the fork 39, and the other is installed between the annular casing 42 and the integral crosspiece 36, Cardan joint (Fig, 11) contains the crossbar 13, rollers 4, working surfaces 5, made in the eyes 45 of the fork 46, covers 16 and fasteners rods 47, located outside the cross.
    The assembly of the hinge (Fig. 1) is carried out as follows.
    Before being assembled in the initial state, the distance between the opposite glasses 6 fixed in the eyes of the fork is somewhat larger than the distance between the glasses in assembled form. One of the pegs 2 is inserted into one of the cups 6, and then the opposite pin is inserted into the other beaker.
    Due to the increased distance between the cups 6, the rollers 4 are installed into the gap between the working surfaces of one pair of mating (pin-glass) and then into the gap between the working surfaces of the other pair of mating. Then, the tension rod 7 and the nut 10 are installed. The adjustment of the backlash or prestressing of both radial and axial joints 3-4-5 is achieved by means of a larger or smaller screw-on of the nut 10.
    In this way, an accurate and reliable assembly of a single fork with a crosspiece is carried out. The assembly of the other plug with the cross is similar.
    In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the assembly and adjustment of the hinge is carried out similarly by means of tie rods 47.
    In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the direction of the axes X-X of the rollers 4 is invariant relative to the embodiment of FIG. 1 in order to increase the load capacity.
    The assembly of the hinge (FIG. 3) is carried out as follows.
    Before installing the cap 16, the crosspiece 13 with the installed cuffs 12 is inserted into the hole 15 of one of the glasses 14 with the corresponding trunnion 2, and then with another coaxial axle 2 into the hole 15 of the other glass 14. The rollers 4 are placed between the working surfaces 3, 5 of one pair (axle glass), then the glasses 14 are brought together by pyrqjrp. Compress the eyes of the reel and install the rollers 4 between the working surfaces 3, 5 of the other pair (pin-glass).
    After installation of the rollers, the compressive force applied to the
    to the eyes of the plug, thereby giving, under the action of elastic forces, they return the plugs to the original position, which provides the required prestress in the 3-4-5 connection. Next, install the caps 16, fill the lubricant and install the sealing cuff 12.
    To precisely adjust the size between the coaxial cups, rods can be installed in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 11 working in compression.
    The assembly of the other versions of the hinge is carried out similarly to the assembly of the described variants.
    The operation of the proposed universal joint does not differ from the operation of the known joint, since they are schematically executed similarly.
    In connection with the implementation of the working surfaces of the trunnion and cup spherical and toroidal shape, with the rolling elements in the form of rollers with a convex or concave curvilinear generatrix of the corresponding radius, with the installation of the axes of the rolling elements at a certain angle to the axes of the corresponding trunnions, as well as with the connection of opposing glasses by means of fixed rods in the proposed cardan joint, the disadvantages inherent in the known joint were eliminated.
    Thanks to the proposed hinge implementation, it is possible to achieve its service and reduce the labor intensity of manufacturing, in particular, the elastic deformations of the fork lugs and crosses do not affect the distribution of pressure along the contact surfaces of rolling elements with working surfaces of trunnions and glasses due to the choice of the contact surfaces, which results in increased service life ; their rolling elements do not interact with the bottom of the glass due to the choice of the shape of the contacting surfaces, which does not cause overheating, which results in longer service life and reduced labor intensity due to the lack of quality requirements of the ends of the rolling elements and the bottom of the glass; regulation of axial and rational clearances or tension (eg 91145936
    in conjunction with performance, in view of constructiveness. the lower possibility of adjusting the axial labor intensity of manufacturing; in the full- and radial clearances in the joints, the opening of the working surfaces of the pins, needles, which results in a reduction in the labor-consuming cups, does not require a high precision of manufacturing
    ig.g. AA
    V "
    fO
    FIG. 2
    Fy
    bb 40 L fiz.5
    FIG. 7 of FIG. b
    Have
    X Yu
    17
    X / 20
    FIG. eight
    /four
    FIG. 9 in S No.
    Fi & P 4
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. PITCH HINGE, containing a cross-piece with pins having working surfaces, two forks with cups with working surfaces fixed in their eyes and rolling elements mounted with the possibility of linear contact with the said working surfaces, with the exception of I mean that, in order to increase the service life by eliminating overloads of sections of working surfaces in contact with the ends of the rolling elements and the ends of the rolling elements caused by elastic deformations of the spider and forks, as well as to reduce the complexity of manufacturing by reducing the accuracy class of processing of working surfaces and the accuracy of regulation of links, one of the working surfaces of each pair of links formed by a pin and a glass is made spherical, the other is toroidal, the rolling elements are made in the form of rollers with a convex ilts concave generatrix, the radius of which is equal to the radius sphere and the radius of the generatrix of the toroidal surface, located with an inclination to the axis of the journal, and the glasses, located one opposite to the other, are connected by a tie rod.
    [2]
    2. The hinge of claim. ^ Characterized in that the angle of inclination of the axes of the rollers relative to the corresponding axes of the pins is 5-20 ^,
    [3]
    3. The hinge of claim. ^ Characterized in that the coupling rod is made with a supporting surface at one end and a threaded surface at the other.
    [4]
    4. The hinge for PP. 1 and 3, characterized in that the tie rods are installed inside the cross and are eccentric relative to the axes of the pins in two parallel planes with a gap relative to each other.
    [5]
    5. The hinge for PP. t and 3, resulting in that the couplers ( rods are placed outside the crosspiece.
    [6]
    6. Hinge pop. 1, with the fact that it is equipped with covers, each of which is installed in a through hole made at the bottom of the corresponding glass.
    [7]
    7. Hinge pop. ^ characterized in that the cross is hollow with internal work surfaces.
    [8]
    8. Hinge pop. 7, characterized in that it is provided
    1I5936 intersecting cross members, at the ends of which are fixed · glasses.
    [9]
    9. The hinge for PP. 7 and 8, characterized in that one of the cross-beams is made with a central hole with an increasing diameter in the directions to the periphery, inside which another cross-section is placed with a gap.
    [10]
    10, Hinge 7-9, on the condition that each eye of the fork is provided with a cup covering with a gap a corresponding trunnion of the hollow cross,
    [11]
    11. The hinge according to claim 7, with the fact that the crosspiece is made up of four liners mounted with the possibility of interaction with each other by means of inclined side surfaces with the possibility of interaction with the annular casing by means of other side surfaces
    [12]
    12. Hinge pop. 11, characterized in that it is equipped with two bellows, one end of each of which is fixed to the shaft of the fork, and the other is installed between the annular casing and the composite cross.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES265495Y|1983-10-16|
    FR2506875A1|1982-12-03|
    JPS58630A|1983-01-05|
    ES265495U|1983-04-01|
    IT8267702D0|1982-05-31|
    GB2101271B|1984-09-05|
    IT1156351B|1987-02-04|
    GB2101271A|1983-01-12|
    DE3211612A1|1982-12-23|
    DE3211612C2|1987-03-05|
    FR2506875B1|1986-08-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE331454C|1919-02-27|1921-01-07|Skf Svenska Kullagerfab Ab|Self-adjusting roller bearing|
    GB144362A|1919-03-05|1920-06-07|Sydney Smith|Improvements in roller bearings|
    US1583184A|1925-08-15|1926-05-04|Swan A Sandberg|Universal joint|
    US1869890A|1926-07-29|1932-08-02|Gen Motors Corp|Antifriction bearing|
    US1787214A|1928-01-16|1930-12-30|Shafer Bearing Corp|Antifriction bearing|
    US2026997A|1934-02-09|1936-01-07|Rice Charles De Los|Universal joint|
    DE936131C|1953-09-08|1955-12-07|Daimler Benz Ag|Universal joint for motor vehicles|
    FR1325507A|1962-06-19|1963-04-26|Rheinmetall Gmbh|Universal joint|
    US3200615A|1963-08-14|1965-08-17|Borg Warner|Sealing element|
    US3204428A|1963-08-14|1965-09-07|Borg Warner|Universal joint|
    US3423958A|1967-01-09|1969-01-28|Robert K Koelling|Flexible coupling assembly and couplings therefor|
    FR1538608A|1967-07-27|1968-09-06|Glaenzer Spicer Sa|Sector ring universal joint|
    DE2219809A1|1972-04-22|1973-10-31|Willi Zeidler|UNIVERSAL JOINTS WITH BALLS WITH A SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT OF BALL GROOVES|
    JPS51343B1|1974-11-19|1976-01-07|
    US4129016A|1977-08-25|1978-12-12|Rockford Acromatic Products Co.|Universal joint cross|
    DE3046641A1|1980-12-11|1982-07-15|Elso, G. Elbe u. Sohn GmbH u. Co., 8729 Hofheim|Universal joint with ball bearings - has spider arms with adjusting screw threads and oblique and cylindrical races|DE3616810C1|1986-05-17|1987-09-17|Walterscheid Gmbh Jean|universal joint|
    DE3644204C2|1986-12-23|1989-05-11|J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim, De|
    DE3721403A1|1987-06-29|1989-01-12|Voith Gmbh J M|UNIVERSAL JOINT FOR A PTO SHAFT|
    DE4301178C2|1993-01-19|1995-05-11|Voith Gmbh J M|Cross pin joint of a universal joint shaft suitable for the transmission of high torques|
    DE59803735D1|1997-02-10|2002-05-16|Skf Gmbh|SKEW ROLLING STORAGE|
    DE60308459T3†|2002-01-18|2013-05-02|Nsk Ltd.|CROSS CLUTCH|
    DE102008024621B4|2008-05-21|2010-04-15|Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag|Universal joint for a steering column of a motor vehicle|
    DE102008036753A1|2008-08-07|2010-02-18|Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag|Universal joint|
    RU2473827C1|2011-10-13|2013-01-27|Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и конструкторский институт центробежных и роторных компрессоров им. В.Б. Шнеппа"|Articulated coupling|
    JP6255670B2|2013-01-21|2018-01-10|株式会社ジェイテクト|Cross shaft joint and vehicle steering apparatus using the same|
    DE102013203264A1|2013-02-27|2014-08-28|Aktiebolaget Skf|Cross element of universal joint for use as integral component of drive shaft of vehicle e.g. passenger car, has pins that include cylindrical portion having diameter and length in axial direction|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR8110798A|FR2506875B1|1981-06-01|1981-06-01|UNIVERSAL JOINT|
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