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    1527972 Glucose enzyme concentrates CPC INTERNATIONAL Inc 9 March 1977 [19 March 1976] 09995/77 Heading C3H A stabilized glucose enzyme concentrate comprises an enzyme concentrate of (1) a cellfree glucose isomerase enzyme which is substantially free of nucleic acids and (2) Mg<SP>++</SP>, the enzyme concentrate being characterized as having: (a) a protein content ranging from 50 to 80% by weight, dry basis; (b) a Mg<SP>++</SP> content ranging from 3 to 45 mg. of Mg<SP>++</SP> per ml. of enzyme concentrate; (c) a Mg<SP>++</SP>/protein ratio ranging from 0À02 to 0À75; (d) a specific isomerase activity of at least 10 IGIU/mg of protein; and (e) a stability such that it is capable of retaining up to 95% of its initial isomerase activity when stored at 26‹ C. for up to 30 days. Preferably the enzyme concentrate additionally includes a water miscible solvent in an amount ranging from 5 to 25% by weight, e.g. 2-propanol. Such stabilized glucose isomerase enzyme concentrates may be prepared by (a) treating an aqueous mixture containing a cell-free glucose isomerase enzyme and a water miscible organic solvent with a substantially water soluble magnesium salt in an amount sufficient to provide the mixture from 0À02 molar to 0À3 molar with respect to the magnesium salt based on the total volume of the mixture to provide a stabilized enzyme concentrate comprising an enzyme magnesium precipitate in the mixture; and (b) recovering the stabilized enzyme concentrate comprising concentrated glucose isomerase enzyme, magnesium in an amount ranging from 0À1 to 2 molar measured as Mg<SP>++</SP>, water and water miscible organic solvent. The cell-free glucose isomerase which is substantially free of nucleic acids may be derived from a microorganism which is selected from Streptomyces olivochromogenes ATCC No. 21,713, ATCC No. 21,714, ATCC No. 21,715, variants and sub-mutants thereof. The substantially water soluble magnesium salt is preferably selected from magnesium acetate, magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate. The water miscible organic solvent may be selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2- propanol, t-butanol, acetone and p-dioxane.
    公开号:SU1024014A3
    申请号:SU772461108
    申请日:1977-03-18
    公开日:1983-06-15
    发明作者:Пол Кори Роберт
    申请人:Спс Интернэшнл Инк (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the enzyme industry and relates to the preparation of a glucose eomerase preparation used to process glucose-containing raw materials into fructose-containing products.
    The processing of glucose into fructose (isomerization) provides a product that is practically a substitute for trading sugar. In this case, the starting product is glucose, a monosaccharide sugar (about 70% sweetness of sucrose), which is half processed into sugar, with about the sweetness of sucrose or invert sugar. High sweetness is of interest for producing fructose-containing corn syrup.
    In the manufacture of high fructose corn syrup, enzymatic isomerization of glucose should preferably be carried out on a continuous basis in order to economically produce commercially high fructose corn syrup. Usually, the glossy syrup is contacted with a large amount of an isomerase preparation that is placed on an inert substance, for example, a preparation of an immobilized glucose isomerase enzyme. for the process of continuous enzymatic isomerization.
    Glucose is usually obtained intracellularly, i.e. most of the glucose isomerase enzyme is located within and / or on the cell membranes of the microorganisms from which it is derived. In some continuous isomerization processes, the use of whole cells containing glucose isomerase is suggested. Such processes usually require special treatment of cells to prevent the extraction of glucose isomerase from cells, so that the enzyme is actually immobilized in the cells themselves, and / or special equipment to solve hydraulic problems when the glucose-containing solution passes through
    LAYER of cells containing the glucose isomerase enzyme 11 3 and t2j.
    The disadvantages of the methods in which whole isomerase-containing cells are used include hydraulic problems, the formation of contaminating impurities due to non-isomerase enzymes, nucleic acid and other materials in the cell walls and a longer time of contact of the glucose solution with the preparation of the cellular enzyme under alkaline conditions causes the formation of undesirable products, such as psikoza and hydroxymethylfurfural. This leads to an increase in production costs due to the need for refining to remove the resulting impurities and / or to obtain a lower quality product.
    Methods are known in which glucose isomerase is isolated from cells, prepared in soluble form, then immobilized on a water-soluble inert carrier. The immobilized enzyme becomes suitable for use in the continuous processing of glucose into corn syrup containing large amounts of fructose.
    For example, there is a known method in which ROM is an intracellular glucose isomerase, obtained from Streptomyces sp. ATCC 21175, grown on xylose and xylan hydrosate, is treated with a cationic detergent, followed by treatment with diethylamino ethyl cellulose to remove impurities. The glucose isomerase containing filtrate is then immobilized on DEAE cellulose or a synthetic anion exchange resin to obtain a biocatalyst for the continuous isomerization of glucose to fructose.
    However, methods based on the immobilization of the enzyme involve the use of soluble glucose isomerase isolated from cells. Methods for conferring glucose isomerase are known. However, it is necessary to obtain a cell free and soluble high purity glucose isomerase, which will have a high level of isomerase activity per unit volume. The use of a highly purified and concentrated enzyme increases the efficiency with which the enzyme can be immobilized on an insoluble carrier.
    A method is known for obtaining a glucose isomerase enzyme preparation by treating Bacillus coagulans HN-68 cells with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, then lysozyme in an amount of v 0.01 mg / mg of dry cell weight, followed by separating the obtained cell-free extract and processing it with manganese sulfate OTM TM to obtain a solution unwanted materials. The supermagant is treated several times with ammonium sulfate at a degree of nasicene 0, j-0 to precipitate the protein fraction of glucose isomerase, which is then purified by dialysis and chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50. The process is carried out with cooling (SC) i.
    The disadvantage of this method is its complexity, multistage, while the resulting product does not have a sufficiently high stability and activity yield (50).
    Thus, there remains a need for an economical method, suitable for large-scale operations, to obtain a soluble and purified glucose isomerase preparation with a high level of activity per unit volume and a high level of stability suitable for binding to water-insoluble carriers for continuous production processes high fructose corn syrup but also suitable for other isomerization processes.
    The purpose of the invention is to simplify the process, as well as increase the activity and stability of the drug.
    This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of obtaining the enzyme preparation glucose isomerdase, which involves treating the producer's biomass with lysozyme, separating the cell-free extract and isolating the enzyme by precipitation, as the producer use Streptomyces olivochromogenes ATCC Vf 21.713, ATC W IV, 15515 I, I, I, I, I, I, should not use a new reason you, I, and I, should not a 500% a) to which I will apply this enzyme. -propanol at the concentration of the latter in a mixture of A-5 May ,, lysozyme is used in the amount of 6.8 u / mg of dry
    cell weight, and precipitation of the enzyme is carried out with magnesium sulfate, taken in an amount of 0.02-0.3 M per total volume of the mixture.
    At the same time, the concentration of 2-propanol at all stages of the process is usually kept constant and equal to fl-43% by weight.
    A simpler method, involves fewer stages, can be carried out at room temperature, allows to achieve a high level of activity (with high stability of the preparation.
    A water soluble stabilized glucose isomerase enzyme concentrate is obtained, consisting of l cell-free isomerase enzyme containing no nucleic acid, and 2 3 water soluble magnesium salts, characterized by the following constants: protein content 50-80 by weight per dry matter ; content of C- + B “g ID per milliliter of enzyme concentrate; Mg qpotein ratio 0.02-0.75; specific isomeric activity, at least 10 MEG / mg protein; stability, which means that it retains up to 95 its initial isomerase activity during storage at room temperature (2 ° C) for up to 30 days and up to 8010% of its initial isomerase activity during storage at 180 ° C for 12 months.
    The enzyme concentrate preferably contains a water-miscible organic solvent, in particular 2-propanol, and has an A5006-8000 MEAH isomerase activity on a dry matter. The method is carried out by contacting an aqueous mixture containing a cell-free glucose isomerase and a water-miscible organic solvent with a small but effective amount of a water soluble magnesium salt (magnesium sulfate) for efficient precipitation of the glucose isomerase enzyme. This treatment with magnesium salt causes the formation of a glucose magnesium isomerase enzyme precipitate, which is recovered by conventional methods, for example by centrifugation. The recovered stabilized enzyme concentrate (which has the appearance of a thick slurry layer) is preferably diluted with a small amount of water to facilitate its sorption into water-soluble carriers with the formation of a highly stable, immobilized biocatalyst with a high level of isomerase activity per unit volume of carrier. Concentration, purification and stabilization give a more than 7-fold increase in enzyme concentration compared to its initial fermentation rate, and preferably more than 100-fold increase The concentration of the enzyme is also 10-15 times more pure than the initial enzyme. The method, in particular, includes: treating an aqueous mixture of cell-free isomerase and a water-miscible organic solvent, essentially. water soluble magnesium salt, in an amount sufficient to provide a mixture with a concentration of an example of 0.02-0.3 mol relative to the magnesium salt, considering the total volume of the mixture, to ensure a stable enzyme concentrate containing a magnesium enzyme precipitate in the mixture: and attraction stabilized enzyme concentrate, enzyme soderzhascheg izomerazl 1 glucose, which contains a magnesium about 0.1-2 moles, per Mg, and water-soluble organic solvent. The stabilized enzyme concentrate is obtained by first treating cells containing intracellular glucose isura, a natively soluble organic solvent and the enzyme lytic preparation, lysozyme, for a time sufficient to digest the cellular material and to release the glucose isomerase enzyme from the cells into the solution. Cell residues and nucleic acids are then removed, for example, by centrifugation, and a solution containing the cell-free isomerase enzyme, water-miscible organic solvent and water remains. The water-miscible organic solvent used in the implementation of this method is preferably an organic liquid, or its mixtures having a water solubility of at least 30 and preferably at least about tO in water at room temperature. A water-miscible organic solvent should be a solvent that reduces the solubility of proteins and nuleic acids in aqueous solutions. Typical water-soluble organic solvents suitable for carrying out this method include methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol; tert-butyl alcohol, acetone, methyl acetate and paradioxane. The preferred water-miscible organic solvent is 2-propanol. Usually, such an amount of water-miscible organic solvent is used that is sufficient to provide an aqueous mixture of at least 30 wt. and preferably at least about kQ% by weight of a relatively water-miscible organic solvent. However, the amount of water-miscible organic solvent to be used must be such that a significant portion of non-isomerase protein materials and nucleic acids precipitate out of solution before the salt is added. When 2-propanol is used as the water-miscible organic solvent, an aqueous solution of cell-free glucose isomerase must contain weight. 2-propanol. The water-miscible organic solvent acts as a protective agent for the enzyme during processing (and during storage if the solvent is not completely removed.) And reduces the solubility of the enzyme during salt addition. It also acts as a precipitator of nucleic acids and other non-isomerase protein materials from the glucose-isomerase given in the solubility state prior to processing with magnesium sulphate. The way in which a water-miscible organic solvent is added to a solution containing glucose isomerase, which does not contain cells, may vary. One of the methods involves the first treatment of a centrifuged cell paste that contains intracellular glucose isomerase, part of the water miscible solvent used. The aqueous sludge from the cells and the solvent are then treated in such a way as to release the isomerase from the cells. Such treatments include sonic processing, reprocessing and thawing treatments, or treatment with surfactants and / or lytic enzyme preparations such as lysozyme. The use of lytic enzymes is preferable in terms of large-scale operations. After the enzyme is released from the cells: an additional amount of solvent is added to the solution until the precipitation of nucleic acids and extraneous proteins occurs, but the isomerase enzyme remains soluble. Cell residues and precipitated foreign material are then removed. At this point, a water soluble magnesium sulfate magnesium salt is added to form a precipitate. Of the stabilized enzyme concentrate. Another way to use a solvent is to add the entire predetermined amount of solvent to the cell line of the glucose isomerase. The cell pass, obtained by centrifuging the wiring of cells containing intracellular glucose isomerase, is treated with a total amount of water-mixing organic solvent with water to obtain cell sludge from the solvent and water. The slurry containing water-miscible organic solvent is treated to isolate the glucose isomerase enzyme from the cells. In the subsequent removal of insoluble material, the cell contains cell residues and nucleic acids, the clarified solution containing glucose isome, containing no cells, solvent and water is treated with a water-soluble magnesium salt to precipitate a stabilized enzyme concentrate. The conditions regarding the pH during the treatment must be such that the enzyme is not inactivated. Typically, the pH is in the range of about 6-9, and preferably 7-7.5, during each stage of the process. The temperature may be approximately, preferably 15 35 C, most preferably 25. Typical suitable salt for precipitation is magnesium sulfate (hepthydrate form. The amount of water soluble magnesium salt should be at least sufficient to provide a liquid containing aqueous sludge of a water-miscible organic solvent and a glucose isomerase enzyme not containing cells at least about 0.02 mol with respect to the magnesium ion. The upper limit of the concentration of the magnesium salt varies depending on the salt used. The magnesium salt should not be added to such an extent that the overall effect of salting out or separating the water-salt phase proceeded.The maximum amount of magnesium salt in the solution is about 0.3 mol. Preferably kontsentpau: May salts, or about 0.02-0.2 mol in solution, considering the content of magnesium ion. with the addition of magnesium salt in an amount that provides a solution of about 0.05 with respect to the magnesium ion. Producers i to obtain glucose isomerase enzyme preparation. glucose isomerase, is Streptomyces, iivochromogenes ATCC No. 21713 and ATCC No. 21715 (the latter is a simple isolate of colonies ATCC No. 21713) 5l. The following are definitions to simplify the text. The expression dextrose element (DE) is used to denote a decrease in the content of sah.rar in a material designed for dextrose and expressed as a percentage of the total solids content. The expression starch hydrolyzate is commonly used to refer to a syrup or dry product. obtained by starch hydrolysis. Such a product can be obtained by hydrolysis in an acidic medium or by enzymatic hydrolysis or by a combination of acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. Preferred type of starch hydrolyzate. For use in isomerization in accordance with this method, acidic or enzymatic dilution to DE 10 or less is obtained, followed by enary saccharification to DE about 90, preferably 95. The term dextrose is commonly used in manufacturing practice to denote refined crystalline sugar (monosaccharide), that is, extracted from processed into you. low degree of starch hydrolyzate. The term glucose in the context is used both in its normal production sense and encompasses monosaccharide dextrose in any form, in solution or in refined crystalline form. The expressions fructose and levulose are commonly used as equivalent to refer to the left-rotating glucose isomer, which is sweeter than dextrose. This isomer is found in its natural form in honey and invert sugar along with glucose, and is of particular value due to its sweetness. The expression fructose is used to refer to this monosaccharide. The IGIU (International National Glucose Isomerase Unit) expression is an abbreviation of the International Glucose Isomerase Unit (MEIO. One MEIG represents the amount of the glucose isomerase enzyme that forms one micromole fructose per minute in a 0.8 M glucose solution at pH 7.5 and 60 C using the isomerase activity analysis method. The latter involves conducting a spectrophotometric determination of ketose obtained from a glucose solution under a standard set of conditions. The initial solution is prepared as follows. onents: 0.1 M 7 1 ml 0.01 M CoSE. 1 ml 1.0 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 0.5 ml Anhydrous D-glucose 1, g Distilled Before water is obtained 7.5 ml Total enzyme preparation for analysis, it is first diluted to a content of 1-6 MEG / ml. "Enzyme-isomerization is performed by adding 1 ml of the enzyme preparation to 3 ml of the original raster and incubating in a thermostat for 30 minutes at the end of the exposure period taking an aliquot fraction of 1 ml and rapidly cooled in a 9 ml volume, 0.5 N perchloric acid. The cooled aliquot is then diluted to a total volume of 250 ml. For control and comparison, a blind glucose test is also performed by replacing 1 ml of water with 1 ml of the enzyme preparation in the form of a solution at the beginning of the incubation period in a thermostat. Then ketosis was determined by cysteine and sulfuric acid. For this, MIG is defined as the amount of enzymatic activity that is needed to produce one micromole of fructose per minute under the isomerization conditions described. Preparation of lysozyme enzyme. The lysozyme enzyme (EC 3.2.1.17) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes beta -1, k-bonds between N-acetyl-muramic acid (or 2-acetoamido-2-deoxy-O-glucose residues and 2-acetamido-2 -deoxy-0-glucose in mucopolysaccharide, mucopolypeptide or chitin). Lysozyme is usually derived from egg protein. It catalyzes the hydrolysis (lysis) of cell membranes of many microorganisms. PRI me R 1 A. Preparation of intracellular glucose isomerase. An intracellular glucose isomerase enzyme preparation used to prepare a stabilized enzyme concentrate is obtained during four stages of seeding development, starting with a 1-liter shaking flask and ending with 1000-gallon (3785.4-liter) seed tanks and 20,000-gallon (75708- liter) fermenters. At each subsequent stage of development, 20,000-gallon (75,708-liter) fermenters are inoculated with a seeded volume of 5 times the volume of the inoculated vessel. The composition of the medium for the development of seeding and working methods is given .1. The medium for each stage is sterilized for 30 minutes at. The time of inoculation development is 8 hours for the first stage, 2 hours for the second stage, 22 hours for the third stage and hours for the fourth stage. In the first stage, cells from a spore strain of a mutant microorganism identified as Streptomyces
    oUvochr-onragenes ATCC N 21715 added to the culture medium. Four stages of sowing are carried out at and at pH (adjusted to this value. Sterilized with the use of N sodium hydroxide). During the second, third, and fourth stage of development, the flasks and vats are purged with air and stirred during fermentation.
    The final fermentations are carried out in 20,000-galon (75708-liter fermenters). Ingredients of the medium without xylose and dextrose are simultaneously placed in YOOO gallons (52996) of condensate. After preparation, the medium is heated to approximately and the pH is adjusted to 5, L-5.8 with soda ash 16 Baume. The wiring is heated to adjust the pH to separate the carbon dioxide that is released after the addition of soda ash. After the pI of the medium reaches the desired value, a skimmer and fermenter are added and its contents are sterilized for 30 minutes at. After sterilization, the temperature of the medium is reduced to. Sugars, xylose, and dextrose are simultaneously placed in 000 gallons (15N liters) of condensate in a YuOO gallon (3785 liter) seed tank. The sugar solution is sterilized for 30 minutes at 120 ° C and, after cooling, poured over a hose into 20 &amp; a-gallon V 75,708-liter fermenters. After the sugar has been added, the temperature of the fermenter is stabilized at the working value of C2c, and then the fermenter is inoculated with a seed culture. Starting from 20 h after inoculation, samples of the fermentation of the fermenter are taken every 2 h and are analyzed for isomerase activity, cell weight, reduction of sugar and all carbohydrates. Fermentation is considered complete when the production of the enzyme isomerase reaches a peak value. During fermentation, the pH is maintained at 5, -5.6 automatically or manually by the addition of gaseous ammonia through bubbling air (1) of the fermenter under pre-sterilization conditions.
    Cobalt additives are not produced at any fermentation stage or development stage of sowing.
    Enzyme of intracellular glucose isomerase extracted from the wiring.
    has 19.5 meig / mg. A portion of the wiring in gallons- (8857.9 l) is selected for use in the preparation of a stabilized glucose isomerase concentrate. Another portion of the wiring is extracted in the form of whole cells using Md (OH) 5, auxiliary filtering material Slt-Flo 332 and 2-propanol. The extracted whole cells are then used for the enzymatic processing of glucose to fructose in a batch converter.
    The composition of the medium for the development of seeding
    11 is shown in table 1.
    The composition of the medium for 20,000-gallon (75708-liter) fermenters is given in table 2. The volume of the composition is 17,000 gallons l).
    B. Preparation of the concentrated concentrate of glucose-isomerase enzyme. 23 0-gallon (8857.9-liter batch of intracellular glucose intracellular isomerase enzyme from
    A 20,000-gallon (75708-liter fermenter with an activity of about 19.5 MEG / ml with a total of 173x10 MIG is processed in a centrifuge that discards solids. De Laval GRPH-207. Material is fed to the machine at
    speeds of 5 gallons (18.9 liters) per minute with a 2-minute particle ejection cyclone. Flushing and priming are added within 1 s before and after being ejected from the centrifuge rotor. 2023 pounds (917, .6 kg) of cell paste with an activity of 187 MEG / g, the centrifuge obtained from the rotor is placed in a 225-gallon (851.6-liter) tank with a round bottom along with l of water. When 650700 pounds (29.8-317.5 g) of cell paste is collected, it is treated with 8 g of a lysozyme enzyme preparation (2-crystalline, dried with hoe year powder, prepared by Myles Syrivok from egg protein with an activity of 23000 U / mg material) for in order to destroy the cell walls and release the intracellular isomerism of glucose in soluble form. A solution of 2-propanol (851 by volume) and water at the rate of 5.6 gallons is added to the cell paste.
    (21.2 L) of solution per 100 pounds (3.36 kg) of paste.  Additionally, 11 gallons (1.6 l) of 2-propanol and iodine are added to the mixture to bring the alcohol content in the liquid to 30% w / w.  Then a mixture consisting of a paste, 2-propanol and water is pumped into a 1000-gallon (3,785LIT smooth) cooking apparatus and the process is carried out for Z hours.  The temperature of the liquid in the cooker is maintained at about 2 ° C.  After Zl-Ma primary dihydrogenation, the mixture is modified by adding 85% - 2-propanol to a 2-propanol content of up to 52% by volume, where the nucleic acids are insoluble, and the protein enzyme material is soluble.  A rotary vacuum filter is loaded with a pre-applied Dicaleit 200 filter media in an amount of 200 pounds (90.7 kg).  When a layer of filter material is previously applied, 2-propanol is added to the water of the preliminary layer to bring the alcohol content up to about 52% by volume in order to retain the nucleic acids in insoluble form, t. e.  to prevent instrumentation solubility by nucleic acids.  In a rotary filter with a pre-applied layer of filtering material, no washing is carried out, but a pre-applied layer of a mixture of water - alcohol is passed through the filter after the filtration ends of the sludge are passed.  The slurry paste remaining in the layer of pre-applied filter material is pumped to a nugch filter to keep it at a minimum value. enzyme loss.  Dikekelite 4200 filter media is added to help filter on the suction filter.   The filtrate from both filters of a rotary filter with a pre-applied layer of filtering material and a suction filter is pumped into a 1000 gallon 079-liter tank used as a storage tank for the Feed to the nutrient tank, to which 15 gallons (56.78 L) are added 1, 0 of a solution of molar ammonium sulfate (M (NH4)) and 13 gallons (49.2 l) of 85% by volume of 2-propachol.  The mixture is fed to a centrifuge.  De Laval BRPH-207 at flow. 16.6 gallons (l) per minute with a 5 minute ejection cycle.  After the centrifugation is complete, the roTore is cleaned five times with 1 second addition of priming water and scrolled.  The residue containing the stabilized enzyme concentrate remaining in the rotor and the ejection chamber is cleaned and the rotor and chamber are washed with a certain amount of light phase unloaded from the centrifuge.  The residue and washing liquid are transferred to the product - stabilized enzyme concentrate.  The product is an alternate (iwat with. using a laboratory stirrer and placed in 1-gallon (3785-liter) plastic containers for evaluation and further use for the enzymatic conversion of glucose to fructose.  The total yield of the stabilized glucose isomerase enzyme concentrate (load No. 1) is 11 gallons (+1, as concentrated. liquids, containing 109x10 meig or about 11.2b1 meig / g for dry matter.  This represents a 63% recovery of the total activity present in the whole cell wiring used as the starting material.  A more complete analysis of the stabilized glucose isomerase enzyme concentrate. Given below.  Download No. 1 Isomerase activity 11.261 MEIG / g, dry matter Specific activity, IEIG / g, protein p, o, ° ®, “Moisture (Karl Fischer)% Protein (Kjeldahl),% by dry matter Ash oxide, dry matter Insoluble , dry matter,% dry basis Wg, mg / ml Md / protein, the ratio of 2-propanol, the difference,% 14 P RIM ep 2.  Several downloads of the intracellular glucose isomerase enzyme obtained from Streptomyces oUvochrogenes ATCC No. 21715 are prepared as in Example 1 (A using 7.5 liter, 40 liter and 400 liter fermenters for crop development and in a 000 liter fermenter for the final stage of growth.  After fermentation, the temperature of each of the loadings containing the whole cells of the glucose intracellular isomerase enzyme is reduced from 32 to delaying the further growth of microbes and the possible autolysis of the cells.  Wiring charges are then centrifuged to concentrate the cells to form a cell paste.  T-phase cell paste is collected in 10-gallon t37.8-liter containers, weighed and then pumped to a 1000-gallon (, 3785-liter cooking vat for digestion of cells.  Enzyme preparation is added to the cell paste (2 crystalline freeze-dried powder made by MylesSrayvok from egg white and I have. 23300 units / mg of material (for digesting cell membranes 1 by releasing glucose intracellular isomerase in soluble form.  The dosage of lysozyme for each of the loads is 6.8 units / mg of cells (dry basis).  The total weight of the cells (per dry matter) present in the summer paste is calculated using the final weight; Dry cells of the whole wiring of the fermenter and the wiring volume of the fermenter.  This involves the extraction of cells on dry matter at the initial concentration stage.  Lysocin is added to the cell paste after centrifuging the entire whole wiring and before adding any alcohol to the cell paste.  After the addition of lysozyme, 2-propanol is added to obtain a concentration by weight.  The initial addition of 2-pr panola is calculated on the basis of the weight of the cell paste minus 8% on insoluble substances (on the dry weight and on the properties of the alcohol supplied.  In the four charges, the precipitation is carried out periodically using a feed vat for the settling tank.  The clarified filtrates are periodically placed in a vat (in each pot) with a volume of approximately 170 gallons (b3D, 5 l).  To this is added a 1.0 M solution of MDZOL at a dosage of 0.05 gallons (0.189 liters per gallon (3.785 liters) of clarified lysate and a volume of azeotropic 2-pro1 416 panol to maintain a total level of propanol of about 2% by weight.  At the time of the addition, the solutions were stirred, 1 and w. recirculate the feed pump to facilitate mixing.  The precipitated enzyme is kept for 10-15 minutes to allow it to agglomerate into large flakes, and for--.  those extracted by centrifugation using a De Laval centrifuge BRPH-207.  The solution is fed to the centrifuge at a flow rate of 6-10 g / min.  In one load (If 10 load), the precipitation is carried out continuously using a nutrient tank as a reactor with continuous stirring.  The clarified lysate and the MgSO solution are continuously fed by dose to the feeder through a mixing tee.  The concentration of 2-propanol of the clarified lysate is adjusted by weight to compensate for dissolution of the MgSOi, T solution. e.  maintaining the alcohol content of ii1l during the precipitation.  The clarified lysate stream is controlled by a flow regulator.  A 1 M pa-, MgSO level is fed at a flow rate of 0.05 gallons (0.189 L) per gallon (3.785 L) of clarified lysate using a small diaphragm pump for this.  Both solutions are pumped and the desired level is created in the nutrient tank.  After completing the centrifugation of the respective charges, the residual enzyme is removed from the surface of the centrifuge with distilled water and mixed with the product with stabilized enzyme concentrate.  Each of the recovered charges of the stabilized enzyme concentrate is mixed until homogeneous, bottled and stored at C.  In tab.  Figures 3 and 1 provide data on the efficiency of enzyme extraction at each stage of the process.  In tab.  An analysis of stabilized enzyme concentrates is provided.  PRI me R 3 Loading of the enzyme intracellular isomerase glucose obtained from Streptomyces o1 ivoch-romogenes ATCC K 21715.  Prepared according to Example 1 (L) using 1-liter, H-liter, 50-gallon (189 liter and 1000 gallon (3785-liter) fermenters for seeding and developing seeding and 20,000-gallon (75708-liter | fermenter of the final stage of cultivation .  Upon completion of fermentation, the 20,000-halon 75708-liter fermentation wiring is cooled to.  It is incubated without air blowing and mixing for short periods of time before the concentration of cellular solids.  The final layout (16,000 gallons or 60565 liters) has an activity of 21.0; MEIG grams of distribution; the maximum yield per dry cells is 16.5 g / l and total. activity 1270 ,.  All wiring containing intracellular glucose isomerase is concentrated by centrifugation at a De Laval centrifuge BRPCH-207 to concentrate cellular solids at an operating flow rate of about 5.0 gallons (I 19) per minute for a short ejection time of 1.75 minutes.  The light-phase transfusion product is periodically analyzed and discarded.  Emissions of cell-phase cell paste are collected in a receiving tank, and then continuously pumped into one of three vats that are used for dehydrogenation. The Concentration Stage results in approximately 6 times the concentration of cell solids (per volume) 2500 gallons (3 l) paste weighing 20709 pounds (9393 and kg) with a total dry matter weight of fun (1102.6 kp).  Cellular paste analysis reveals the presence of 289 pounds (131.09 kg) of ash, pounds of 6 9.99 protein, 18,278 pounds (8290.76 kg) of water ,. activity 132 MEG / g and total activity 12AO, MIG (98 of total activity).  When the volume of the cell paste in the cooking tank reaches 200 gallons (757 liters), 200-230 gallons (757-870.6 liters) of 91.5% 2-propanol are added to the slag before filling the cooking pot. of the apparatus.  After each addition of alcohol, the pH of the resulting slurry is checked in an appropriate cooking apparatus and adjusted to 7.0-7.2 if necessary with anhydrous primary acid sodium phosphate.  After the initial addition of alcohol to the appropriate vats, the lysozyme enzyme is added in increasing amounts over the entire balance of the filling period at a dosage of about 6.8 U / mg of cells (on a dry basis).  The lysozyme used is a 2-crystalline freeze-dried powder made by Myles-Siravek from an egg white with a specified activity of 23,000 units of lysozyme per milligram of the enzyme preparation.  After each vat is filled, a final adjustment is made to bring the alcohol concentration in the slurry to weight.  Lysate (sludge consisting of alcohol, cell paste and lysozyme is constantly mixed and recycled through external heat exchangers to maintain the desired temperature.  Chilled water is supplied to the shell side of the heat exchangers to maintain the temperature of the Lysate in the range of 28-30 C.  The degree of enzyme solubility is checked by comparative analysis of the enzyme of the entire lysate sample and the portion of the same sample, from which cell solids are removed by centrifugation.  When the digestion of this apparatus reaches about 100% solvation, the lysate slurry is easily clarified to remove cell debris.  The digestion time is about 52-73 ".  counting from the filling stage.  The total lysate slurry from the three cookers has a total volume of 5,138 gallons (199.9 liters; weight 39,590 pounds (17,957.72 kg) and total dry matter pounds (1019.2 kg).  Analysis of the lysate sludge showed the presence of pounds (187.78 kg) of ash, Y31 pounds (, 09 kg) of protein, 15920 kg (7221.2 kg) of 2-propanol and 19717. 3 kg of water.  The lysate has a single activity of 66.6 MUH / g and a total activity of 1178, which is 93% of the initial total fermentation wiring activity.  The lysate slurry is clarified using a Dicalelight SpeedFlush prefilter filter (manufactured by Grefco Inc., 2.252 inches thick.  A total of 600 pounds (272.16 kg I of filter material) is used to clarify the lysate slurry.  A 50% solution of 2-propanol is added to the slurry for the pre-bed at a concentration of 5%.  To preserve the fresh solution for applying the pre-coat when the pre-coat is applied, the bottom jiactb of the pre-coat is dropped dropwise back into the reservoir for the fresh material for the pre-coat.  Immediately after discharging the bottom of the pre-bed, the digested lysate slurry is directed to the filter. The filtration rate for the clarification stage varies from 2.6 gallons per foot to 3.9 gallons / h-ft (9.8 l / 4,093, 76 l / h -0,093 average material flow rate 2.9 gallons / h-ft (10.97 / h 0.093 m).  After filtration, the clarified filtrate is pumped into 1000-gallon (, 3785-liter) storage tanks.  The filter cuts from the filter are periodically analyzed and discarded.  Weight lysate has a volume of 638 gallons (17556.7 liters), weight 35716 pounds (16200.5 kg) with a total dry weight of 77 pounds (351, about kg).  Analysis of the clarified lysate showed the presence of 106 pounds (48.08 kg) of ash, L92 pounds (223.17 kg of protein, 15798 pounds (7165.9 kg) of 2-propanol and 19122 pounds (8673.59 of water.  The single activity of the clarified lysate was 5.0 MEIG / g, and the activity was 875.7 × 10 MIG, which constituted 69 of the initial activity from the fermentation distribution.  After the stage of clarification, the concentration of the clarified lysate in individual vats is increased to weight (determined by the specific weight before treatment in all stages of precipitation, and stabilization).  Deposition and stabilization of the glucose isomerase enzyme in the clarified lysate solution is carried out by continuous dosed feeding of the clarified lysate and 2.2 N HgS04 solution and 9 1 pounds (426.6 kg) of water through a mixing tee (T) into feed tea that is connected to a De Laval BRPH-207.  A 2.0 M magnesium sulphate solution is added at a feed rate of 0.025 gallons per gallon (0.0946 L per 3.785 L) of clarified lysate to provide the final solution with a 0.05 M MgSO- concentration.  The HgSQ solution, the clarified lysate solution is allowed to flow, and the desired level is created in the feed vat.  The vat is filled to a volume which, at these feed rates, has given a residence time of 15 minutes. The mixture is then fed to the centrifuge at a flow rate equivalent to the flow rate of the feed to the feed vat.  The flow rate per centrifuge is adjusted so as to maintain the level constant (and the residence time is also constant t. e.  about 15 minutes) in the feed tank. The product flowing from the centrifuge is directed to a 8000-gallon (30283-liter) tank and further processed to recover 2-propanol; for Reuse.  The stabilized enzyme concentrate is collected in 20-gallon (75.7-liter) stainless steel containers, and then mixed in a 100-gallon (379-liter) agitated container.  The stabilized enzyme concentrate is medium brown in color.  Produced periodically. adding water to stabilize the Enzyme Concentrate and to ensure the enzyme re-solubility, if required (re-solubility is determined visually).  When distilled water is added and the stabilized enzyme concentrate dissolves, its color turns into a relatively light coffee color and its consistency is consistent with the consistency of light oil.  The recovered stabilized (in Re-soluble form) enzyme concentrate has a volume.  73 gallons (276.3 l), weight 634 pounds 4287.57 kg and dry matter 1b9 pounds (76.66kg) An analysis of the stabilized enzyme concentrate showed 19 pounds (8.6 kg) ash, 126 pounds (57.15 kg ) protein, 104 pounds (47.17 kg) of 2-propiol and 30 pounds of pounds (163.29 g. d) water.  Stabilized Enzyme Concentrate Has a single activity of 11.654 MEG / g (dry matter and total activity 892.8x10 MIG / g, which represents 70.3 yields of the total activity of all cell wiring used as starting material at the maximum loss (23- 24%) occurring at lysate clarification.  Of this amount, about half (about 11,) can be attributed to 21 to the filter cuts.  In tab.  5 (load I) provides information on the efficacy of the enzyme at all stages of the treatment.  In tab.  6 shows the results of the analysis of the stabilized enzyme concentrate.  Example k.  Several samples of the recovered stabilized glucose isomerase enzyme concentrates according to examples 1-3 and other similar samples are subjected to tests to determine their stability during storage at various doses.  The samples are stored at, 26 and, and are analyzed for isomeric glucose activity with intervals of kfB and 12 months.  Below is an analysis of the stabilized enzyme concentrate from the times of the glucose loading WW 11-336 Yzomeraz activity, MEIG / g, dry 1165 Specific activity, MEIG / mg, protein Dry TB, 26.6 Moisture (Karl Fisher D56.9 Protein, Kjeldal D: dry substance Ash oxide,% dry substance Insoluble dry substance,% ,. dry weight 0.53 MD, mg / ml 5.99 MD, molar 0.25 M 5 protein, COOT-Q QJ2 wearing 2-propanol D (16.5) The final weight of the extracted enzyme, kg dry matter 28.58 Data, are given in table. 6, the fact that stabilized enzyme concentrates can be maintained more than 80 ± 10% (and usually more than 90-10;) of its initial isomeric activity up to 2 months at 18 ° C and capable of up to 80 ± 10 | its primary isomeric activity up to 8 months when stored at, t. e.  The stabilized enzyme concentrates show, on average, less than 5 losses of primary initial isomer activity during storage at C for 12 months, an average loss of less than about 15% of their initial activity during storage for 12 months at 18 and.  Froze  The 17-gallon (b, 35-liter) load of the wiring containing the intracellular glucose isomerase, prepared according to example 1 (A), is diluted with water and centrifuged to obtain a cell paste.  The 17-gallon loading of wiring was taken from two loads of 10-gallon (37.853-liter) farmhouse with an activity of 18.0 MEG / ml and 16.8 MIG / ml, respectively.  Both charges are mixed for use in preparing cell paste.  The pellet (cell paste) obtained by centrifugation was placed in a 5.5-liter fermentation vessel and diluted with water to obtain a total volume of sludge of 4.5 liters.  The sludge that has been stored at C for two days is treated with 77 mg of the lysozyme enzyme preparation (obtained from egg protein having about 8000 lysozyme units / mg) and 1930 mg of 2-propanol.  The slurry is stirred for an hour, after which 500 mg of the lysozyme enzyme preparation is added.  The slurry is stirred overnight with temperature control to 20 Jtfc (the temperature increased by about C after the second addition of lysozyme, which caused some enzyme deactivation).  After digestion, a 500 mm sample is diluted with 500 ml of water.  The 123 ml aliquots of the Hbie dilution lysate fractions are adjusted to approximately 50% 2-propanol (v / v) by the addition of 2-propanol.  One aliquot of lysate is used for control.  To each aliquot sample of the lysate, these are added (Table 1). 7) amounts of sodium chloride (for comparison) and magnesium heptahydrate sulfate (MgSO 7HlO).  After the addition, the salts, suspensions, including the control, are centrifuged and analyzed for isomerase glucose activity and protein content.  Given in Table. 7, the results show that the addition of the salt of magnesium sulfate to the alcohol-water lysate leads to a decrease in the isomerase activity in the pop-up layer without a significant mind. The amount of nucleic acid content in the pop-up layer (nucleic acids absorb light at 2 B O nm).  This effect does not occur when adding sodium chloride salt.  Therefore, the addition of a magnesium sulfate salt to the lysate from alcohol and water causes the release of glucose isomerase from soluble nucleic acid k) slot.  The observed phenomenon was obviously not a typical salting out effect, since the level of magnesium sulphate was too low, and the result with magnesium chloride was the opposite.  Experiments with sodium chloride did not cause any su. a significant reduction in the isomerase activity in the pop-up layer.  PRI me R 6.  To balance the k, S l of the crude lysate (containing glucose isomerase with solubility imparted) from Example 5, an auxiliary filtering material and a sufficient amount of 2-propanol are added to turn the slurry in 501 relative to 2-propanol in a volume ratio (volume / volume).  The slurry is slowly filtered until the dissolved glucose isomerase is clarified.  An analysis of a 335-ml sample of the filtrate shows b5.2 meig / ml (total 21, meig).  To this sample is added 16.5 ml of 2-propanol and 16.5 ml of a single molar solution of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgS047H2p} at pH 8.  Upon addition of salt, oily precipitate is immediately formed.  The solution containing the precipitate is centrifuged and the precipitate is removed. The precipitate is re-dissolved with water to a total volume of 10.5 ml.  This sample is diluted with water to a total volume of 10.5 ml.  The sample is split with water up to 4 ° 2 to 1 and the light transmittance of the diluted solution at 260 and 280 nm is 0.28 and 0.350, respectively.  The analysis of the solution is shown as MIG / ml.  Consequently, its total activity is MIG (98% of initial activity.  t2 derived from. clarified lysate).  The stabilized concentrate of the enzyme, glucose isomerase has a specific activity of 15.3 MEG / mg protein. .  Thus magnesium sulfate selectively precipitates and purifies the isomerase enzyme.  Example.  A b7-ml sample of the re-dissolved alcohol fractionation containing dissolved glucose-free isomerase cells is mixed with b7 ml of 2-propanol solution.  No precipitate is observed.  Thereafter, 2 ml of a single molar solution of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate and 2 ml of a solution of 2-propanol are added to clarify the aqueous alcohol solution containing isomerase.  Immediately after this arr. The base was a gray-white solid precipitate that was recovered and dissolved in water to a volume of 13.0 ml.  The stabilized enzyme concentrate is re-centrifuged and diluted with water to 101 to 1 dl. quantitative analysis.  Light transmittance of a diluted solution at 260 m and 280 nm are 0.288 and 0.437, respectively.  The protein content of the diluted solution is 0.6 mg / ml.  Consequently, the undiluted solution, which includes a soluble, stabilized enzyme concentrate, contains 46.5 mg / ml of protein, analysis of which showed MEIG / ml and activity 10, A MEIG / mg of protein.  Total activity in 13.0 ml of stabilized enzyme concentrate 6.266 meig.  The fathertrifuged material contains only 150 meig.  PRI me R 8.  3250 ml of clarified lysate, containing dissolved glucose isomerase, having 109 MEG / ml from the original j, 5 liter charge indicated in Example 5, is mixed with 1b2 ml of 2-propanol solution and 162 ml of magnesium sulphate heptahydrate solution.  An oily precipitate immediately formed, which was collected by centrifugation.  The precipitate has a volume of 69 ml. his analysis showed 4, NEGH / ml with a total value of 278,760 MEIG.  For analysis, a 1-1000-fold dilution of a small portion of the stabilized enzyme concentrate was performed.  His svetopropus 25 at 260 and 280 to them 0, and 0.3 ", respectively.  Protein content is 0.299 mg / m, specific activity is 13.5 MEG / mg protein.  The balance amount of the stabilized enzyme concentrate is allowed to stand-for 48 hours, after which three layers form.  Three-layer sludge is centrifuged and analyzed.  18.2-milliliter upper (lipid; layer has 5b5 meig / ml, the liter middle layer is 1970 meig / ml, and the 3-milliliter layer is 50.80 meig / m nM  The upper layer has the highest transmittance at 260 them.  PRI me R 9.  27.5 gallon zy load wiring containing.  17.5 MEG / ML of intracellular glucose isomerase prepared according to Example 1 (A) are mixed with an equal amount of water and centrifuged by AO pellet formation.  Iapeshku mixed with water to a volume of 2 liters at pH 7.5.  To this solution, 0.250 g of lysozyme and I, 5 L of 2-propanol at 27 ° C are added.  A small amount of an anti-foaming agent is added and the slurry is mixed.  37.5-liter water suspension contains 37 ijif MEIG / ML.  After 20. , 5 × extract two 8 liter aliquots, after which 2-propanol is added in such quantity to bring the d6ieM to 50%. volume ratio volume per volume).  . The addition of Sil-Fro auxiliary filtering material (3 g / g of cells) is added to the sludge, which is then filtered and washed with 2 l of 50% 2-pr6 panol.  The analysis of the filtrate showed 15 meig / ml.  With stirring, an additional 1 g of isozyme is added to a 21.5-liter cbiporo li zat balance to give 2A, 3 MEG / ml | CJD enzyme in the filtrate Immediately precipitated into the filtrate with 1.1 molar magnesium sulfate and 1.1 L 2-propanol.  The precipitate containing the stabilized enzyme concentrate is recovered by centrifugation and dissolved in a small amount of water to obtain a volume of 200 ml, having approximately MEGH / ml. m for storage stability at room temperature (approximately), followed by re-analysis.  At the beginning of the storage stability tests, both have about 3300 MEIG / ml.  Samples were periodically analyzed and, on 31 days of storage, the sample together with the added safety agent showed 3165 MEIG / ML in the analysis, and another sample (without protective agent) 31O MEG / ml. Thus, the stabilized enzyme concentrates (with or without protective agents) equally stable when stored and able to retain up to or more than 95 Its initial activity for more than 30 days when stored at room temperature.  Note 10.  C1 comparative experiments.  The purpose of the experiments is to show the effectiveness of the various water-soluble magnesium salts used in accordance with the invention in comparison with other layers capable of precipitating proteins such as ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, ri, and sodium chloride.  In comparative experiments, tsmoco and other divalent salts were used.  A large sample (pacteup FROM alcohol, water and isonerase glucose / From sarpyakH H 6 (example 2 and Tab. 3) / centrifuged in a laboratory centrifuge at iSOOO rpm for 10 minutes prior to use; Soder) | (alcohol) —determined in 4l, 6% by weight or volume / volume.  To each of several ZO-tsillilitrovyh samples, seeded with lysate (at room temperature), then add the specified amount of 1 M solution of salt, shown in Table. 8 together with an equivalent volume of 2-propanol.  After the addition of alcohol and alcohol, the samples are mixed and then centrifuged at rotational speeds of 18,000 rpm S for 10 minutes.  The pop-up layers are removed and the precipitates are washed from the centrifuge tubes and diluted to 25 ml with cobalt-phosphate buffer (1 (.  Co, pH 7.5) for analysis of isomerase-glucose activity and protein determination.  The effect of various salts and concentrations on selective precipitation and purification of the soluble isomerase enzyme is given in Table. eight.
    The results in Table 8 show that sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate do not precipitate the glucose isomerase enzyme from the lysate as effectively and with the same. low concentrations like magnesium salts. Ammonium sulfate does not precipitate any enzyme, and sodium sulfate provided only the extraction of the glucose isomerase enzyme. This extraction does not necessarily occur as a result of sedimentation estimates and can be attributed to phase separation (the alcohol-water phase and salt-water). The protein is more soluble in the salt-water phase than in the alcohol-water phase. Sol-water per phase does not give specific extraction of protein from the vrdo-alcohol phase. Since the salt phase is more dense, it is collected as a product. Another tested monovalent salt, sodium chloride, and sodium, also does not precipitate the glucose isomerase enzyme.
    Bivalent salts, other than magnesium salts, give precipitation of the glucose isomerase enzyme, but the recovery and purity are not equivalent to the recovery and purity obtained using magnesium salts. Barium and strontium salts gave the best results from the tested non-ferrous salts, but the use of these salts is undesirable in feeds.
    Of the salts tested, only magnesium salts effectively precipitated an enzyme with a high specific activity. The concentration of magnesium salts used is a small fraction of that required to precipitate the protein from the aqueous solution using conventional leaching methods, i.e. using ammonium sulfate and sodium.
    It can also be seen from the data in Table 8 that with increasing concentrations of magnesium sulfate (above 0.08 mol), the specific activity decreases, which indicates a more random precipitation of the protein by the glucose isomerase enzyme. Phase separation was observed when magnesium sulfate was used. A decrease in the specific activity followed an obvious increase in the solubility of the protein in the salt-water phase. When using magnesium chloride and magnesium acetate, no phase separation occurs and the specific activities remain constant if there is an increase, as in the case of magnesium chloride.
    Immobilization of soluble glucose isomerase.
    PRI me R 11. In this example, it is shown that a purified and stabilized enzyme concentrate is capable of producing immobilized
    5 isomerase of glucose with a higher binding capacity than isomerase.
    The known isomer preparation. Glucose is prepared from an intracellular glucose isomerase containing whole cells prepared by the method of Example 1 (AL C so as to facilitate the extraction of whole cells, Sil-Flo and Id {OH) filter media, 2 and the mixture is then washed with 2-propanol, dried and crushed in a Wheele mill. During the isomerase extraction
    The Q glucose from the cell mixture containing cells is treated with MgSO in an amount sufficient to convert the sludge to 0.01 M relative to the magnesium salt, and the pH is adjusted to 8.0 with 0.1 MI LIA hydroxide (KOH ). The crude glucose isomerase enzyme is extracted from a 6.5-gram sample (as the basis) of a dry cell preparation with 50 ml of an extracting agent. The mixture is stirred for k min at room temperature and then centrifuged at. An extract containing 2b-27 meig / ml is obtained. The glucose isomerase enzyme solution obtained by this method and the stabilized enzyme concentrate prepared in accordance with the example ifB / are sorbed on a variety of water-insoluble carriers using the following procedure.
    In a 150 ml beaker, 2 g (on a dry basis) in a non-soluble carrier is mixed with 30 ml of a solution containing 0.1 M 55MgSQ 7H20 and the pH is adjusted to 8.0 with KOH. A sufficient amount of liquid isomerase (or normally soluble solubility or nitrate concentrate according to the present invention) is added to this mixture to contact the support with .1,000-3,000 MIG isomerase (depending on the carrier capacity. After this, add An additional 0.01 M solution of MgSOi is added to ensure a liquid volume of 50 ml. Then the mixture containing the enzyme and the water-insoluble carrier is carefully mixed for 30 minutes and filtered and washed with a 0.01 M solution. The mixed filtrate and liquids are placed into a 250 ml volumetric flask, diluted to the required volume with a 0.01 M solution of MgS04UN O, and the initial soluble isomerase enzyme preparation for isomerase activity is again analyzed using a Techlcian Auto Analyzer Analyzer (.CC) for the respective water-insoluble carriers calculated by the difference using the following formula CC, MEIG / g, dry matter — total availability of MEIG — total MEIG in the filtrate and washes. In tab. Figure 9 shows the results of this experiment, comparing the binding capacity of various carriers with glucose isomerase to a normal imparted activity with a stabilized enzyme concentrate according to the present invention. The data in the table show that the binding capacity of DEAE-cellulose is approximately two times more for a stabilized enzyme concentrate than for an enzyme with Nomally given solubility of e in the case of synthetic anion-exchange resins is 2-3 times more. It has been established / that the binding capacity of DEAE cellulose for stabilized enzm concentrate is increased by pretreatment of the carrier at a lower pH level. For example, at pH 6.5, the carrier binds 3120 MEIG / while the untreated carrier. “.- .. | .... iM..j4-A .4 .. binds only 16.3 MEIG / g. When using this stabilized concentrate, it became possible to bind 10.9 million MEIG / ft (0.028 m) on TypeA DEAE-cellulose 20. This &amp; catalyst can then be used to process glucose into high-fructose corn syrup by continuously passing glucose solution through the biocatalyst, which can be placed in columns or in sheet (cartridge filter-press elements. Table 9 shows that the maximum binding ability is achieved using glucose isomerase with Normally given Noah solubility, 93b MIG / g at Selectac type kQ, which had an exchange capacity of 0.89 meg / r, had a slightly lower binding capacity than type AO, type 20 is more practical for industrial use. large particle size and therefore gives better flow rates Example 12. In these experiments, the stabilized enzyme concentrate was immobilized on a number of water-insoluble carriers and tested for use in continuous enzymatic glucose processing in high fructose corn syrup. Columns prepared by placing glass wool gasket at the base of the column and particle 9 filling the column with water are used. If water soluble carriers are used, water soluble carriers are added to this column and covered with a glass fiber pad. The stabilized enzyme concentrate loading 1 Example 1 B) is then slowly passed through a column, followed by washing with a small amount of distilled water. The wash water and the effluent from the column are mixed and analyzed for isomerase-glucose activity. The amount of sorbed enzyme is determined by difference. In the case of immobilized whole cells (product of Example 1A, containing Sil-Flou auxiliary filtering material), 5 g of an enzyme preparation containing whole cells of oincinufaiiior-n tiAna.fO vnoT ki, 100 mg Md (OH) 2 and without it. The columns are covered on top with a glass wool pad. Continuous processing is carried out by continuously feeding the columns of 50 colorless as water, re-dissolved crystalline dextrase (600 g / l solution) containing 0 ,, 0055 magnesium sulfate at pH P. ,, 6. If necessary, these columns are equilibrated, and continuous enzomerization is carried out at 60 ° C by pumping water through the jacket of the column. The feed stream through the column is maintained by a combination of vacuum at the base of the column and nitrogen gas in the feed. The flow rate is controlled by varying the gas pressure in the feed. The apparent enzyme activity (CG) is determined using the equation KE-LUES G eogr ° / e .1, L% Le-% LJ, where BVH is the flow rate in the column in the bulk of the bed / h,% Le equilibrium value of dextrose fructose, which at 60 C is 51.2; % L% ketose in the effluent of the column. Volumes of layer / h with levulose VUN, 916. Closure, i.e. the time required to reduce to half)} (the gap in the activity of the column is determined by sampling for two or more weeks of operation of the columns and measurement of the short-circuit. The half-period is determined by the slope of the line determined by the least squares method on the graph of the short-circuit relative to time In this method, it is assumed that the decay rate of the first-order enzyme. The initial layer volumes / hr at 5 ketosis, BVH was determined by crossing the line of least squares. Efficiency was determined using the equation; Effect. MIGO / ft. Results Their continuous processing using various preparations of the immobilized glucose isomerase enzyme is presented in Table 10. The data in Table 10 show that the stabilized concentrate of the enzyme can be efficiently used on many water-insoluble carriers and can be used for the continuous processing of glucose into high-grade corn syrup fructose content. The best use of the enzyme was sorption of the stabilized enzyme concentrate on a carrier of adjustable porous alumina mini The high utilization of the enzyme is the result of high efficiency and a long half period. The carriers of basic magnesium carbonate and synthetic anion sorbent resin, Amberlite IRA-90, in combination with a stabilized enzyme concentrate, also gave good results in continuous processing experiments. The procedure described above for a carrier of adjustable porous alumina was repeated using the stabilized enzyme concentrate of Example 3. Table 11 shows the effect of the enzyme load on continuous processing (the carrier of adjustable simple alumina contained 97-98 2- 2, i MgO with a surface area of 780). The stabilized enzyme concentrate is efficiently sorbed on a carrier of adjustable porous alumina to provide a biocatalyst that can be used for the continuous processing of glucose into corn syrups with high fructose content. High binding efficiencies and long half-lives make this catalyst suitable for use on an industrial scale. Table 1
    corn syrup
    33 Magnesium sulphate 7H / O Foam remover, NODAC 200 (Polypropylene glycol Clogging liquid 2- corn stage, Code E801 (And a liter laboratory fermenIS DE. Solid corn syrup incubator
    Magnesium sulfate
    Foam remover, NODAS
    200 (Polypropylene glycol)
    Corn lock fluid. Code E801 by Starch, Code 3005 Magnesium Sulphate 7Hjl)
    Foam remover, NODAS,
    200 Polypropylene glycol) - (51 ml) - Liquid for corn maize, JEBOI code
    Dextrose, Code 2001 Magnesium sulfate 7HjO
    Foam remover, NODAS 200 (Polypropylene glycol).
    3
    (
    Continued table. one
    0.05 C, 5 g)
    - (1.3 ml) (3 kg) lO gallons
    2.0СЗ.О kg) -
    0.05 ($ 75.7 g), (108.86 kg) .0 (60.33 kg) (1, “97 kg) g.
    - (1l) 0.05 (0.7g) (0.07 mg), 6 (271 g) 9l 2.0 (180 g)
    35
    Foamer, HOflAC 200 (Polypropylene glycol)
    Sodium Bicarbonate Add 180.00 gallons
     Continuous precipitation
    ""
    Filtration of Dickelite-200 material islled. ““ Use of Dikequite Speedfpow material.
    36
    lOZiOIi Continued table. 2
    20.82-22.71 l
    Table 3 before sterilization to bring the pH to 5.8-6.0. The final volume (68137, p). Operating temperature
    E7
    The final weight of the extracted stabilized enzyme concentrate, m, dry matter
    Sun fermentation layout
    Cellular paste Raw lysate
    58
    102tOt
    . .Table f
     2li6 9 12939
    1270.7 X 10
    1240.0 X 10 1178.9 X 10
    39
    Stabilized concentrate 287, 58 rat enzyme
    Represents values derived from differences or estimates.
    The value is given on the dry matter. The total activity of the clarified lysate was determined by estimating the weight of the clarified lysate and measuring the isomerase activity in it. It is obvious that the actual total weight is higher than the estimated value, since the amount of stabilized enzyme concentrate recovered was greater than that determined for the clarified lysate.
    This is the initial value of the analysis at the beginning of this study for stability but not the initial value of the analysis based on subsequent Enzyme preparations, which was indicated in the previous examples.
    0
     , Continued table. five
    1165–892.8 X 10
    Table 6
     The pH in these tests is relative to HMSkafl, which can be attributed to low isomerase activity. However, it is not low enough to be attributed to it due to the almost complete loss of isomerase activity in the pop-up layer at a level of 2 grams of magnesium sulfate. It is believed that increasing the temperature to 35–40 ° C after the second addition of lysozyme was
     Much of the reason for the deactivation of enzyme activity in this experiment. Magnesium salts MgSdv Specific activity Mgei, j. ) Specific activity Univalent cationic forces
    %
    Specific activity
    Table 7
    Table 8
    sixteen
    2.6 8.4 100 95 15.8 13.6 11.0 10 1010 10 15.6 16.4 16.9
    (
    The corresponding molar concentrations are 0.01; 0.025; 0, 0.08 and O, I.Jj, Ni
     Protein with specific activity determined by light emission
    at 280/260 nm and specified in meig / mg protein
    kk
    Continued table. eight
    Table 9
    "" S
    Porous alumina with adjustable
     Porous alumina is placed in a 3.0x18 cm column with a jacket filled first with 3 mm glass beads, nak | The mesh was wiped with fine holes, partially filled with 0.1 M magnesium acetate solution, 55.6 g of carrier was added, after which the column was backwashed with 7 M magnesium acetate to fluidize the bed. A grid with small holes is placed on a carrier and coated on top with glass balls. Then the column is fed (OBO- (6000 MIG of stabilized enzyme concentrate and the column is washed with magnesium acetate solution.
    1021 (0 and
    Continued table. 9 N normal soluble glucose isomerase Buffer solution containing 0.05 M (pH 7t7) M Mc S04H4.0 and 0.0001 AND Co / Cf ". bHjiO. 7) potassium phosphate buffer, table 10
    Table II
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE ENZYME PREPARATION Glucose 030 Isomerase, which involves treating the biomass of the producer with lysozyme, separating the cell-free extract and isolating the enzyme from it by precipitation, characterized in that, in order to simplify the process and increase the activity and stability of the drug, Streptomyces olv is used as a producer ATCC If 21713, ATCC No. 21715, producer biomass "is pretreated with an aqueous solution of 2-propanol at a concentration of the latter in a mixture of 4'1-43 wt.%, Lysozyme is used in an amount of 6.8 u / mg dry th cell weight, and the precipitation of the enzyme is carried out with magnesium sulfate, taken in an amount of 0.02-0.3 M on the total mixture.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, about 1 liter, and the fact that the concentration of 2-propanol at all stages of the process ; sa is constantly supported by # and rav. Noah V'43 May L.
    >
    1 1024 014 2
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ATA181777A|1980-03-15|
    PL111980B1|1980-09-30|
    US4077842A|1978-03-07|
    FR2344569B1|1982-11-12|
    DE2712007A1|1977-09-29|
    FR2344569A1|1977-10-14|
    HK13079A|1979-03-23|
    GR74411B|1984-06-28|
    MX4792E|1982-10-05|
    DK146480B|1983-10-17|
    DD132269A5|1978-09-13|
    NL7703052A|1977-09-21|
    DK120277A|1977-09-20|
    AT359022B|1980-10-10|
    CH629530A5|1982-04-30|
    DK146480C|1984-03-26|
    JPS52117487A|1977-10-01|
    TR19630A|1979-09-03|
    IT1075449B|1985-04-22|
    MY7900126A|1979-12-31|
    BE852593A|1977-09-19|
    PT66299A|1977-04-01|
    JPS5818070B2|1983-04-11|
    DE2712007C2|1987-09-10|
    CA1087121A|1980-10-07|
    GB1527972A|1978-10-11|
    PT66299B|1978-08-10|
    SE7703119L|1977-09-20|
    FI58513C|1981-02-10|
    FI770645A|1977-09-20|
    ES455585A1|1978-07-01|
    AR214732A1|1979-07-31|
    ZA767554B|1977-11-30|
    BR7701676A|1978-01-24|
    FI58513B|1980-10-31|
    YU12777A|1983-01-21|
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    US3957587A|1973-11-21|1976-05-18|Cpc International Inc.|Production of xylose isomerase enzyme preparations|US4140758A|1975-03-12|1979-02-20|Colgate-Palmolive Company|Oral compositions containing dextranase|
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    US5262310A|1991-05-31|1993-11-16|Akebono Brake Industry Co, Ltd.|Enzymatic decomposition method of chitin-containing materials|
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    WO1997005245A1|1995-07-28|1997-02-13|Gist-Brocades B.V.|Salt-stabilized enzyme preparations|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US05/668,380|US4077842A|1976-03-19|1976-03-19|Stabilized glucose isomerase enzyme concentrate|
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