• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Pressure-boosting explosive charge It is proposed that multi-scale explosive, action charges, cohesive charges resp. hole charge-like designed explosive charges in which metal carbonyls in the form of pure substance, granules, mixtures with inorganic fuel residues. as granules in the form of mixtures with inorganic fuels are integrated corresponding to closed containers. The metal carbonyls serve in the form of fuels proposed here, which in the case of a determined conversion of the total charge have unidirectional (multi-scale explosive, action charges) resp. at least partially directed (hole charges or hole charge-like explosive charges) pressure-enhancing effect. Picture 1
    公开号:SE537074C2
    申请号:SE1100451
    申请日:2011-06-08
    公开日:2014-12-30
    发明作者:Christopher Zimmermann
    申请人:Rheinmetall Waffe Munition；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    537,074 hydrogen fluoride is formed in their reaction, which destroys the passivating oxide layer of the fuel. In the same way, it can be assumed that ammonium perchlorate which is often used as oxidizing agent (eg US 5996501, US 6955732 and US 6969434) also acts as an activator by hydrogen chloride which is released during the reaction.
    In order to circumvent the above-mentioned problems, the explosive charge proposed in DE 102006030678 B4 based on red phosphorus as inorganic fuel provides an explosive action charge with very high pressure, volume work. the above-mentioned additives, leads to explosive compositions with ever higher power in the form of pressure peaks (cf. Figure 2 in WO2009 / 145926A1) as a final consequence a corresponding, depending on fuel, maximum power could be achieved with an atomic fuel distribution.
    The present invention is based on the idea of generating multi-scale explosive, action charges using metal carbonyls as fuel. The less temperature-stable metal carbonyls, especially iron pentacarbonyl, are particularly suitable for this purpose. The pressure-enhancing effect would therefore cause these compounds to decompose on atomically atomized elemental metal and the corresponding equivalent of carbon monoxide.
    With particle sizes of 50 nm to 1 μm, nanoscale fuels, depending on atomic diameter, contain several hundred to several thousand atoms per particle which, if applicable, are surrounded by a passivating oxide layer. In contrast, atomically pulverized fuels would be generated from the metal carbonyls by detonative impulse, so that a correspondingly increased mass turnover would lead to a clearly amplified explosion effect.
    In addition to finer fuel distribution, when using metal carbonyls, the latent problem of passivating oxide layers in fuels resp. nanoscale fuel blends. The simultaneous release of atomic atomized metal and a gaseous equivalent of gaseous equivalents of carbon monoxide associated with a detonative impulse of metal carbonyls makes a corresponding contribution to the pressure, volume work of the multiscale explosive charge. Depending on the structure and composition of the explosive-containing shells of the proposed multi-scale explosive charge (depending on the oxygen balance and the type of ingredients and reaction products), it is also conceivable that the suddenly released carbon monoxide itself reacts explosively with the primary detonation gases.
    Depending on the chemical, physical properties of the metal carbonyl, other reaction mechanisms are also conceivable. Regardless of the current reaction mechanism, it can in any case be expected that energy will be released which increases the effect of the explosion, action charge.
    Of the known metal carbonyls, those of iron, especially iron pentacarbonyl, come into consideration as potentially suitable metal carbonyls. The great advantage of using iron pentacarbonyl lies in the fact that this compound is available in large quantities to the industry as a result of its use in the field of organometallic catalysts.
    In addition to di-iron nonocarbonyl and tri-iron dodecacarbonyl, chromium hexacarbonyl may be of interest due to its temperature stability. The use of all further existing, not only proven in matrix experiments, metal carbonyls, in particular those of molybdenum, tungsten, manganese and cobalt is hereby expressly not excluded.
    It is proposed that multi-scale, two- or three-scale, built-up explosive action charges as well as hole charges, resp. hollow charge-like explosive charges, in which metal carbonyls are integrated in the form of pure substance, granules, mixtures with inorganic fuels resp. granules of mixtures with inorganic fuels in corresponding closed containers. The metal carbonyls serve in this form as fuel, which in the prescribed reaction of the total charge shows an unidirectional (multi-scale explosive action charges) resp. at least partially directed (hole charges or hole charge-like designed explosive charges) pressure-enhancing effect. The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of an exemplary embodiment and drawing. It shows: Figure 1 a schematic sectional view of a two-scale explosive charge with external resp. inner containers filled with metal carbonyl.
    Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a three-scale explosive charge with external resp. inner containers filled with metal carbonyl.
    In the explosive charge 10, 10 'shown in Figure 1 and 2, 1 denotes an HE decomposition and initiation charge. With 2 resp. 4 denotes metal carbonyl resp. metal carbonyl granules or metal carbonyl-containing amounts resp. granules.
    These are enclosed by a container wall 3.
    In a two-scale construction of the total charge (Figure 1), the shells consisting of a pressable, castable or melt-castable fuel composition serve as initiator charge.
    This can be designed as a central core charge 1 and is surrounded by a container 3 which is filled with metal carbonyl 2. Alternatively, the container 3 which is filled with metal carbonyl 2 (figure 1 on the right) can also be completely or partially surrounded by a pressable, castable, melt-castable explosive composition 1.
    In the case of a three-scale construction of the total charge (figure 2), the container 3 which is filled with metal carbonyl 4 can be arranged as a central core charge (figure 2, right) or outer shell (figure 2, left). From this follows a corresponding arrangement of the two remaining shells 1, 5 of compressible, castable or melt-castable explosive composition.
    For the multiscale explosive charges proposed here, all compositions established in the corresponding ammunition come into question for the pressable, castable or melt-castable explosive compositions to be used next to the metal carbonyls. There are no restrictions on the uniform explosives or explosive mixtures that can be used as well as any binder matrices, as well as any additives such as stabilizers, catalysts or formulation aids. Furthermore, the explosive compositions used may contain additives of inorganic fuels and / or inorganic oxidizing agents of up to 70% by weight based on the actual explosive composition. In the case of a three-scale construction of the total charge, there is also the possibility of using different explosive compositions in the two explosive-containing shells, for example to achieve a stepped gradient with respect to the fuel content resp. oxygen balance m a p on the total charge.
    The metal carbonyls which are integrated into the proposed multiscale explosive charges in the form of closed containers may, depending on their chemical-physical properties, be present as a liquid in a pressure vessel (eg when using iron pentacarbonyl) or in a correspondingly designed container such as dissolved or condensed powder (e.g. when using di-iron-nonocarbonyl or tri-iron-dodecacarbonyl) or in a corresponding container as a solid fused to a powder (eg when using chromium hexacarbonyl). Depending on the chemical-physical properties of the metal carbonyl in question, the use of mechanically densifiable resp. compressible metal carbonyl granules consisting of a metal carbonyl and a suitable binder in amounts of up to 10% by weight. Furthermore, for power control of the total charge, depending on the chemical-physical properties of the metal carbonyl in question, it is conceivable to mix it with up to 50% by weight of a metal powder in the form of a loose or densified powder resp. in combination with a suitable binder (up to 10% by weight) as compressible granules.
    The weight fraction of the metal carbonyl resp. where applicable, the metal carbonyl-containing fuel mixture in one of the two to three-scale explosive charges described herein amounts from 10% by weight to 70% by weight, preferably, however, 15% by weight to 45% by weight based on the total charge. The proportion by weight of conventional explosive compositions is correspondingly between 30% by weight and 90% by weight, but preferably between 55% by weight and 85% by weight.
    Regarding the use of the proposed explosive charge in modular ammunition or in controlled flying bodies, when using metal carbonyls as outer shells, this can be designed as segmented bodies that can be stored separately and which must first be finished before end use. Alternatively, when using iron pentacarbonyl as a metal carbonyl component, it is possible to fill the already processing containers of the precipitated ammunition so designed by means of corresponding pumping plants only shortly before use.
    In addition to the use of metal carbonyls in multi-scale explosive charge charges which appear to be misdirected, a use would also be possible in correspondingly designed ammunition with at least partially directed explosive action, or hollow charges.
    During the use of established explosive compositions such as those used in other hole charges, for example, a partially directed explosive-reinforcing effect resp. a power-increasing hole charge is generated (compare power-increasing hole charges by coating the same with reactive materials such as coruscatives) through a conically shaped insert container which is then filled with a metal carbonyl. Chromium hexacarbonyl is particularly suitable for this purpose, which, when heated rapidly above 200 C, explosively destroys itself.
    Furthermore, it is conceivable that the hollow charge tip or projectile as a comparison the cleaner container material has power-enhanced properties (higher density, higher hardness). For perforated charges constructed in this manner, metal carbonyls from other heavy metals would also be suitable, preferably from molybdenum or tungsten.
    In the manner described above, perforated charges could also function, in which a layer of a termite charge, which elementally releases the corresponding cemented carbides, is built in between the metal insert and the explosive. In comparison with hole charges constructed in such a manner, the hole charges proposed herein, in which metal carbonyl is integrated in the insert container, would have the advantage that the release of the elemental heavy metal takes place more quickly and in a comparatively finely distributed form. . The metal carbonyls to be integrated into the proposed explosive charge-like explosive charge in the form of an insert container may, depending on their chemical-physical properties, be present in a correspondingly designed container as a condensed powder or be present in a corresponding container as a solid body melted down. a powder (eg when using chromium hexacarbonyl). Furthermore, depending on the chemical-physical properties of the metal carbonyl considered, the use of densifiable resp. compressible metal carbonyl granules consisting of a metal carbonyl and a suitable binder in amounts up to a maximum of 10% by weight.
    The containers into which the metal carbonyls of the hollow charge-like explosive charges proposed herein must be integrated may be in the form of a pointed or truncated cone. In addition, no restrictions are expressly made here regarding the design of the metal carbonyl-filled containers in order to achieve the defined effect. This also includes insert containers which for design increase are designed with areas of different wall strength. In addition to copper as a container material, the use of other suitable container materials is not excluded.
    The proportion of metal carbonyl to be included in the correspondingly designed insert container can amount to between 5% by weight and 95% by weight with respect to the total mass of the container and the integrated metal carbonyl.
    For the proposed, hole charge-like constructed explosive charges are made with respect to the explosive compounds to be used no restrictions regarding the contained uniform explosives resp. the explosive mixtures, any binder matrices as well as any additives such as stabilizers, catalysts or processing aids. Furthermore, the explosive compounds to be used may contain additives of inorganic fuels and / or inorganic oxidizing agents up to 70% by weight with respect to the actual explosive mixture itself.
    权利要求:
    Claims (28)
    [1]
    Multi-scale explosive charge charge, characterized in that a metal carbonyl is contained in a closed container (3) as a pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic fuel or as granules of a mixture with an inorganic fuel.
    [2]
    2. Hole charge, resp. explosive charge with a hole charge-like effect (10, 10 ') characterized in that in it a metal carbonyl is contained in a closed container (3) as a pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic fuel and as granules of a mixture with an inorganic fuel.
    [3]
    3. Multi-scale explosive action charge or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hollow charge-like effect according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal carbonyl contained therein is one of the following compounds: Cr (CO) 6, Mo (CO) 6, W (CO) 6, Fe (CO) 6, Fe 2 (CO) 9, Fe3 (CO) 12.
    [4]
    4. Multi-scale explosive action charge_or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hollow charge-like effect according to one of Claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the metal carbonyl (2, 4) contained in a closed container (3) is present as a pure substance as a liquid.
    [5]
    5. Multi-scale explosion-action charge explosion-effect charge_or hole charging resp. explosive charge with a hole-like effect according to one of Claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the metal carbonyl (2, 4) contained in a closed container (3) is present as a pure substance, as a dissolved or condensed powder or in the container as a molten solid body.
    [6]
    6. Multi-scale explosive action charge_or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hollow charge-like effect according to one of Claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the metal carbonyl (2, 4) contained in a closed container (3) is present as pressed granules consisting of a metal carbonyl and a suitable binder in amounts up to a maximum of 10% by weight. %, with respect to the granules. 20 25 30 537 074
    [7]
    7. Multi-scale explosive action charge or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hollow charge-like effect according to one of Claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the metal carbonyl (2, 4) contained in a closed container (3) is present as a mixture with an inorganic fuel up to 50% by weight with respect to the metal carbonyl as dissolved or densified powder, or present in the container as a molten solid body.
    [8]
    8. Multi-scale explosive action charge_el | er hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hole-like effect according to one of Claims 1 or 3, characterized in that the mixture of a metal carbonyl (2, 4) and an inorganic fuel contained in a closed container (3) is present as a compressible granulate consisting of a metal carbonyl (2, 4). ), an inorganic fuel and a suitable binder in amounts up to a maximum of 10% by weight with respect to the granulate
    [9]
    9. Multi-scale explosive action charge_or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hole charge-like effect according to one of Claims 1 or 3, characterized in that it is formed in two shells or three shells, one resp. two shells consist of a resp. two compressible, castable or melt-castable explosive compounds and wherein the remaining second resp. the third shell contains a metal carbonyl (2, 4) in a closed container (3) as a pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic substance resp. as granules of mixture with an inorganic fuel.
    [10]
    Explosive action charge according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the case of a two-scale construction of the charge, a shell (1) consisting of a pressable, castable or melt-castable explosive compound serves as the initial charge.
    [11]
    Explosive action charge according to claim 10, characterized in that it is designed as a central nuclear charge surrounded by a container filled with metal carbonyl (2, 4) as a pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic fuel resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic fuel.
    [12]
    Explosive action additive according to claim 10, characterized in that it is completely or partially enveloped by a container of a pressable, castable or melt-castable explosive composition filled with metal carbonyl (2, 4) as pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic fuel resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic fuel.
    [13]
    Explosive action charge according to one of Claims 1 to 3 and 9, characterized in that in the case of a three-shell construction of the charge which is arranged with a container (3) filled with metal carbonyl (2, 4) as pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic substance resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic substance, as a central nuclear charge or outer shell, the remaining two shells consisting of compressible, castable or melt-castable explosive compositions.
    [14]
    Explosive charge according to Claim 13, characterized by the container (3) which is filled with metal carbonyl (2, 4) as pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic substance resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic substance wholly or partly encapsulated by the shells consisting of compressible, castable or melt-castable explosive compositions.
    [15]
    Explosive action charge according to one of Claims 1 and 3 or 14, characterized in that the weight fraction of the metal carbonyl (2, 4) as pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic substance resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic substance, with respect to the total charge is between 10% by weight and 70% by weight, preferably between 15% by weight and 45% by weight.
    [16]
    Explosive action charge according to any one of claims 1, 3-12 and 15, characterized in that the weight fraction of compressible, castable or melt-castable explosive compositions, with respect to the total charge in a two-shell structure, is between 30% by weight and 90% by weight, preferably between 55% by weight. % and 85% by weight.
    [17]
    Explosive action charge according to one of Claims 1, 3-9 and 13 to 15, characterized in that the proportion by weight of compressible, castable or melt-castable explosive compositions, with respect to the total charge in a three-scale charge structure, is in total between 30% by weight and 90% by weight, preferably between 55% by weight and 85% by weight. 10 20 25 30 537 074
    [18]
    Explosive action charge according to any one of claims 1 and 3 to 17, characterized in that the explosive compositions contained therein contain additives of inorganic fuels and / or inorganic oxidizing agents in amounts up to 70% by weight with respect to the present explosive composition.
    [19]
    Hole charge or explosive charge with a hole charge-like effect according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that said closed container (3) which is filled with a metal carbonyl (2, 4) as pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic substance resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic substance is designed as a pointed or truncated cone.
    [20]
    Hole charge or explosive charge with a hole charge-like effect according to any one of claims 2-8, characterized in that said closed container (3) is filled with a metal carbonyl (2, 4) as pure substance, granules, mixture with an inorganic substance resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic substance are formed with areas having different wall strength.
    [21]
    Hole charge or explosive charge with a hole charge-like effect according to one of Claims 2 to 8 and 19 to 21, characterized in that the proportion of the metal carbonyl (2, 4) arranged in the closed container (3) as pure substance, granules, mixture with a inorganic substance resp. as granules of a mixture with an inorganic substance amounts to between 5% by weight and 95% by weight with respect to the total mass of the closed container and the metal carbonyl contained.
    [22]
    Hole charge or explosive charge with a hole charge-like effect according to any one of claims 2-8 and 19-21, characterized in that said closed container (3) is made of copper.
    [23]
    23. Hole charge resp. explosive charge having a hollow charge-like effect according to any one of claims 2 to 8 and 19 to 22, characterized in that the explosive compositions contained therein contain additives of inorganic fuels and / or inorganic oxidizing agents in amounts up to 70% by weight with respect to the present explosive composition. 11 15 20 25 537 074
    [24]
    Ammunition in the form of controlled or uncontrolled firing ammunition or ammunition for controlled weapons, characterized in that the ammunition contains a multi-scale explosion, charge or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hole-like effect according to claims 1 - 23.
    [25]
    Ammunition in the form of controlled or uncontrolled rocket ammunition or ammunition for tubular weapons, characterized in that the ammunition contains a multi-scale explosion, charge or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hole-like effect according to claims 1 - 23.
    [26]
    Ammunition in the form of mortar shells or grenades for grenade launchers, characterized in that the ammunition contains a multi-scale explosion, charge or hole charge resp. explosive charge with hole-like effect according to claims 1 -23.
    [27]
    27. Ammunition in the form of charges that can be fired from the shaft, characterized in that the ammunition contains a multi-scale explosion, action charge or hole charge resp. explosive charge with a hole-like effect according to claims 1 - 23.
    [28]
    28. Ammunition in which multi-scale explosive, rechargeable or hollow charges resp. explosive charges with a hole-like effect according to claims 1 - 23 are integrated as sub-ammunition or partial charges. 12
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2742258C|2017-09-26|
    ES2594753B2|2017-09-14|
    FR2999568A1|2014-06-20|
    US20130233195A1|2013-09-12|
    ES2594753A2|2016-12-22|
    GB2517666B|2015-07-22|
    GB201108568D0|2013-12-25|
    ES2594753R1|2017-01-12|
    GB2517666A|2015-03-04|
    CA2742258A1|2011-12-08|
    DE102010022982B3|2013-09-26|
    SE1100451A1|2013-10-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    法律状态:
    2020-01-28| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102010022982A|DE102010022982B3|2010-06-08|2010-06-08|Pressure-increasing explosive charge and ammunition containing this charge|
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