• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE534971C2
    申请号:SE1000801
    申请日:2010-07-29
    公开日:2012-03-06
    发明作者:Andreas Vinnberg；Robert Karlsson
    申请人:Andreas Vinnberg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    534 971 for the light bulb because the efficiency of white LEDs is higher for LEDs with a higher color temperature.
    A problem that can occur with ordinary light bulbs that are replaced with low-energy lamps is that the dimming function does not necessarily work with the new lamp because the dimmer is not compatible with the new lamp. There are solutions for dimming a fluorescent lamp, but the user may need to replace the dangerous dimmer with one that is adapted for fluorescent lamps and use special fluorescent lamps that are adapted for dimming. Another problem with dimming fluorescent lamps is that the efficiency decreases when the lamp is dimmed. The color temperature of the lamp does not change much and will certainly not look like a regular light bulb that is dimming.
    When an ordinary light bulb is dimmed, the color temperature will decrease when the light intensity is reduced. This behavior is somewhat similar to the sun when the light intensity decreases, for example at dawn. Such behavior of the lamp is something that most users are used to and desire in low energy lamps. At the same time, it would of course be an advantage if the efficiency of the lamp were constant even when it is dimmed. Such behavior is not possible with a halogen lamp or fluorescent lamp.
    Halogen lamps that are directly connected to the mains can be dimmed with the same dimmer as a standard light bulb. On the other hand, the efficiency of the halogen lamp does not differ much from the ordinary light bulb. Furthermore, the halogen lamp usually starts at a higher color temperature. Low voltage halide lamps driven by a transformer of some kind cannot necessarily be dimmed with a dimmer adapted for incandescent lamps, ie adapted for a resistive load. 10 15 20 25 30 534 571 LED lamps can also be dimmed. Depending on the type of drive circuit, the LED lamp can be dimmed with a dimmer adapted for light bulbs. At the same time, the color temperature does not change at all or very little due to the fact that the visible light from a white LED is produced by the fluorescent layer inside the LED body.
    WO 2009/136328 A1 describes a drive circuit for an LED light source which is adapted for connection to a conventional front or rear edge dimmer.
    To improve the dimming characteristic of the LED light source, the dimming curve is made non-linear. This is accomplished by controlling the switched power supply portion that drives the LED light source in a non-linear manner.
    US 2009l0026976 A1 describes a method for dimming an fl colored LED light source. The light source consists of fl your LED groups with different colored LEDs. To dim the different LED groups, the length of the drive cycle is controlled individually.
    JP 2008263249 describes an LED lamp where the radiant color varies depending on the drive current. The radiated color is a combination of the fl fluorescent material used and the driving current of the LED element used.
    JP 2009140765 describes an LED lamp which consists of a plurality of LED groups. The LED lamp uses switches connected to the LED groups to dim the lamp. The driving voltage of the lamp is determined by a pulse width modulated signal.
    US 6,220,722 describes an LED lamp which consists of LEDs with fl your colors, for example red, green and blue. The LEDs can be operated in such a way that the emitted light from the lamp can be changed. US 7,288,902 B1 discloses a lighting system having light sources with different color temperatures. The light sources are arranged in different light source groups where each individual light source group is controlled individually. The voltage from a conventional dimmer is transformed by a light source driver into individually controlled currents that drive the different light source groups.
    US 2009/0195168 discloses a dimming control circuit for dimming LEDs with a conventional dimmer for light bulbs. The control circuit can control a number of LED groups connected in parallel by using individual control circuits.
    The above-mentioned documents show different methods for dimming LED lights. They all use complicated drive circuits. Thus, there is room for an improved LED lamp which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is therefore to solve the above-mentioned problems.
    More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide an LED lamp which resembles a conventional incandescent lamp when dimmed. A further object of the invention is to provide an LED lamp with improved efficiency when dimmed. A further object of the invention is to provide an LED lamp which can be dimmed with a conventional dimmer adapted for light bulbs.
    The solution to the problem according to the LED lamp according to the invention is described in the characterizing part of claim 1. The other claims contain advantageous embodiments of the LED lamp. and further developments of With an LED lamp adapted for use with a variable drive circuit, wherein the drive circuit comprises a continuous variable voltage or current, where the LED lamp comprises a first LED string with at least one LED having a first wavelength, the purpose is realized with the invention in that the LED lamp comprises a second LED string with at least one LED with a second wavelength, where the first and second LED strings are connected in parallel directly to the drive circuit and where the first wavelength differs from the second wavelength.
    With this first embodiment of the LED lamp according to the invention, it is possible to obtain an LED lamp which can be dimmed with a dimmer adapted for ordinary light bulbs. The color temperature of the light source will be similar to that of a light bulb when it is dimmed, that is, the color temperature will be in the lower color temperature range with a longer wavelength when the brightness is low to increase when the brightness increases.
    The LED lamp comprises two or more LED strings connected in parallel, each string comprising at least one LED.
    All strings are connected directly to the drive voltage or drive current, depending on how the lamp is configured. The different strings have different properties. A string with LEDs in the lower color temperature / longer wavelength range lights up faster than a string with LEDs in the higher color temperature / shorter that they have a specific behavior during manufacture so there is no need for complicated drives that vary the drive voltage or drive current to the different strings individually, for example by using pulse width modulated signals. Instead, the lamp can be used with a simple varying wavelength range. Through the different LED strings are adapted for voltage or current and will thus be well adapted as a replacement lamp for light bulbs.
    In an advantageous further development of the invention, each LED string comprises a number of LEDs. This will increase the efficiency of the LED lamp. 10 15 20 25 534 5 In an advantageous further development of the invention, more than two LED strings are used in the LED lamp. In this way, the color / wavelength behavior of the LED lamp can be further improved.
    In an advantageous further development of the invention, the LED lamp further comprises a drive circuit. By incorporating a drive circuit in the LED lamp, the LED lamp can be used as a direct replacement for an ordinary light bulb when it is connected to a conventional dimmer.
    In an advantageous further development of the invention, the LED lamp is equipped with a lamp base. The advantage of this is that the LED lamp can be used as a replacement lamp in a simple way.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described in more detail in the following, with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows a first example of an LED lamp according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a diagram for the relationship between drive current and the color temperature of the lamp according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the relationship between drive current and light fl fate of the lamp according to Fig. 2, Fig. 4 shows a second example of an LED lamp according to the invention, Fig. 5 shows a third Fig. 6 shows a fourth copy of an LED lamp according to the invention, Fig. 7 shows a diagram of the relationship between drive current and the color temperature of the LED lamp according to Fig. 6, Fig. 8 shows a diagram for a drive circuit adapted for use with the LED lamp according to the invention, Fig. 9 shows an LED light source with an integrated drive circuit adapted for 230 V according to recovery.
    METHODS OF PRACTICE OF THE INVENTION The embodiments of the invention with further developments described below are to be considered as examples only and are in no way to limit the scope of the protection afforded by the claims.
    The LED lamp circuit described is primarily intended to be used in a replacement lamp for incandescent lamps which are powered by the mains, that is to say powered by a 230 or 115 V AC system, and which are powered by a dimmer. However, such a lamp circuit can of course also be adapted for low voltage driving, such as 12 V or 24 V DC or AC systems used in, for example, vehicles, or to other voltages in other systems. The simplicity of the circuit according to the invention will show its advantages regardless of the driving voltage. The examples below use theoretical LEDs with ideal bias voltage drops and without resistive components to simplify the explanations. However, in the examples shown, the non-linear parts of real LEDs are essential for the operation of the circuits shown. It is the parasitic components, especially the resistive component, of the LEDs that contribute to the proposed circuits working well to dim LEDs. In all the circuits described, the current is varied through the LED strings. When the lamp is connected to a variable voltage source, which is the case when the lamp is used as a replacement for a light bulb, the variable voltage source will cause a variable | current driven by the LED strings. When the lamp is used in other applications, for example when it is integrated with a drive circuit in a stand-alone unit, it is also possible to use a variable power source to dim the lamp.
    The most common type of conventional dimmer used with light bulbs is the leading edge dimmer due to its simple construction and thus low cost. In such a dimmer, a triac is lit after a time interval determined by the user where it begins to conduct and continues to conduct until the alternating voltage passes its zero crossing. At that time, the triac is turned off and the process is repeated.
    A newer type of dimmer is the trailing edge dimmer, sometimes also called a "transistor dimmer". A trailing edge dimmer works in a similar way, but instead of switching on after a certain time after the zero crossing, the transistor is switched off after a time interval predetermined by the user.
    This type of dimmer has the advantage that it reduces the requirements for capacitors, diodes and induction current limiters in electronic transformers, fluorescent ballasts and LED lamps. Older types of dimmers include rheostats and rotary transformers that either resistively or magnetically limit the amplitude of the entire AC cycle without cutting either the leading or trailing edge.
    To control an LED lamp, your way of detecting the rear and front edge dimmer is a way of measuring the conduction time, the off time or the ignition angle (all related to each other in these dimmer topologies) and controlling the light output based on this value. These options have the advantage of requesting the dimming level set by the user. Because they are insensitive to voltage variations and also to the nominal 10 15 20 25 30 534 B71 voltage in the mains, for example 115 or 230 V. If the average value or RMS value rotary transformers and rheostats are used to dim the LED lamp are measured for the rectified voltage, both at the expense of sensitivity to voltage variations in the mains and efficiency.
    A known LED lamp adapted to replace light bulbs is obtained by a string of white LEDs which gives the main light fl fate when the light source is operated with nominal voltage, ie is not dimmed.
    The power source for an LED lamp is usually a power source. In order to give the LED lamp higher efficiency and make it simple, the string comprises a plurality. The string may also comprise a current limiting resistor and / or a capacitor. The number of LEDs LEDs. is adapted to the voltage of the drive circuit to correspond to the drive voltage to the total bias voltage drop for the combined number of LEDs. A lamp of this type works well to replace a light bulb when the drive voltage is not dimmed. When such an LED lamp is dimmed, the brightness of the light source will decrease slightly to a level where the combined bias voltage drop across the LEDs reaches a threshold limit. At this level, the light source will go out. During dimming, the efficiency will actually increase, but the price you have to pay is low efficiency at full current. Furthermore, the color temperature will be the same throughout the dimming cycle. In the inventive lamp, one or more LED strings are added to the lamp and connected in parallel with the first string. A first example of the LED lamp according to the invention is shown in Fig. 1, where the LED lamp is driven by a current source CS. In this example, the LED lamp 10 comprises a first string 1 with a white LED D1. The lamp further comprises a second string 2 connected in parallel with the first string. The second string comprises a red LED D2 and also a current limiting resistor R2 in series with the red LED D2. In the example shown in Fig. 1, D1 is a white LED with a voltage drop of 3.7 V at 20 mA, D2 is a red LED with a voltage drop of 2.0 V at 20 mA and R2 is an 85 ohm resistor. As long as the drive current is below 20 mA, only the red LED will light up. Above 20 mA, the white LED will glow in proportion to the current above 20 mA.
    In this simple embodiment, the lamp will start to glow only with red light at a relatively low level and with increased current, the white light will eventually outshine the red light. A diagram showing a typical color temperature T for this lamp type as a function of the drive current l is shown in fi g. Figure 3 shows the luminous flux F in the lumen for the same lamp as a function of the drive current I. As can be seen, the light intensity can be varied continuously from zero to full brightness and the color temperature red to white will vary from over most of the light intensity range.
    A second example of the LED lamp according to the invention is shown in Fig. 4. In this example, the LED lamp comprises a first LED string 1 with two white LEDs D1. The lamp further comprises a second string 2 connected in parallel with the first string. The second string comprises three red LEDs D2 and also a current limiting resistor R2 in series with the LEDs. As in the first example, D1 is a white LED with a voltage drop of 3.7 V at 20 mA, D2 is a red LED with a voltage drop of 2.0 V at 20 mA. Here, R2 is a 70-ohm resistor. In this example, the bias voltage drop of the LEDs in the two strands is more adapted to each other. This will increase the efficiency of the lamp. As in the first example, the white LEDs, in other words the LEDs in the first string, will not light up when the drive current is below 20 mA. When the drive current exceeds 20 mA, the white LEDs will light in proportion to the current above 20 mA. The number of LEDs in a string is adapted to the voltage of the drive circuit to correspond to the drive voltage for the total bias voltage drop of the combined number of LEDs in each string. A resistor can be used in a string to balance the current through a string, or to increase the forward voltage drop of the string at its intended maximum current to correspond to the forward voltage drop of the other strands connected in parallel to it. In the examples shown, the color temperature will start at a low color temperature and remain at that color temperature over a small light intensity range and then increase until its final color temperature is reached. Depending on the use of (non-ideal) LEDs, the color temperature will vary over a larger part of the dimming range, or will even vary over the entire range.
    In a third example shown in Fig. 5, the lamp comprises three LED strings connected in parallel. The first string 1 comprises two white LEDs D1. The second string 2 comprises two red LEDs D2 and also a current limiting resistor R2 in series with the LEDs. The third string comprises three yellow LEDs D2 and a resistor R3. D1 is a white LED with a voltage drop of 3.7 V at 20 mA. D2 is a red LED with a forward voltage drop of 2.0 V at 20 mA. Here, R2 is a 170-ohm resistor and R3 is a 70-ohm resistor. In this example, the second string 2 will be lit first and will relatively soon be overridden by the third string 3 which in turn will be overridden by the first string 1 as the current is increased. In this way, a softer At the same time, the color temperature variation is obtained to better correspond to a normal light intensity transition. will light bulb when the light source is dimmed and the color reproduction will be improved due to more colors being mixed. Furthermore, as a second order effect, the use of several single band colored LEDs in the longer wavelength region will allow the use of higher color temperature for the white LEDs which minimizes losses due to Stokes shift / wavelength downconversion which increases the efficiency additional The number of LED strings in the lamp may vary and may be selected depending on the required end result and the voltage of the system where the lamp is to be used.The number of LEDs in each string is selected depending on the driving voltage for which the lamp is adapted It is also possible to mix different types of LEDs in a single string to achieve a desired color temperature for the lamp when dimming, but it is important to use several parallel LED strings to obtain a color change when dimming. The use of a resistor in a string and des s resistance value is also selected depending on the drive voltage. The color of the LEDs used, both in total and in each string, can also be varied to obtain a lamp reminiscent of an ordinary light bulb.
    Fig. 6 shows a further example of an inventive LED light source comprising a circuit with 80 LEDs, each driven with a maximum current of 20 mA. The LEDs are divided into three strings, a first string 1 with 19 white LEDs D4, a second string 2 with 30 red LEDs D5 and a 120 ohm resistor and a third string 4 with 31 yellow LEDs D6 and a 43 ohm resistor. D4, D5 and D6 can be the same LEDs as D1, D2 and D3 respectively, or they can be other LEDs that have different colors and / or voltage drops. Fig. 7 shows a diagram of the color temperature of the lamp according to Fig. 6. According to curve 20 it can be seen that the color temperature T varies from 2000 K to 3400 K during the dimming process. The slope of the diagram is relatively steep at the beginning, in other words at low drive current, but flattens out when the current increases. Such a relationship between light intensity and color temperature provides a good approximation of the behavior of a conventional light bulb when dimmed. Curve 21 shows the voltage V across the circuit, curve 24 shows the current I through the first string 1, curve 22 shows the current I through the second string 2, and curve 23 shows the current 1 through the third string 3. All curves are related to the x-axis which shows the total current T1 supplied by the current source CS.
    It is also possible to use LEDs with different color temperatures in the same string. In this way, one string may for example comprise both red and yellow LEDs which will light at a low current and another string may comprise white LEDs which are configured to light at a higher current. The number of LEDs used in a string may also depend on the light output from the LEDs. The total number of LEDs used in the lamp will determine the light output from the lamp when it is operated at full voltage, ie when it is not dimmed.
    The LED lamp is adapted for use with a drive circuit that converts the input voltage into a drive current. The drive current is thus well adapted for use with a conventional dimmer having a variable output voltage. The drive circuit uses the actual input voltage to control the power part depending on the input voltage. The current supplied to the LED lamp will thus be a function of the input voltage.
    Such a circuit will reduce the energy losses in the LED lamp.
    The circuit can also, by using an average function, reduce the sensitivity of the LED lamp to short-term voltage variations in the mains.
    This is particularly beneficial for weaker electrical systems, for example in developing countries where large variations in voltage are common. It is also advantageous when the same electricity system drives large power consumers who switch off at a high and high rate, such as electric through fl fatal water heaters.
    Fig. 8 shows a schematic drive circuit adapted for use with the LED lamp 10 according to the invention. The circuit is adapted to be connected to a regular dimmer at the input connection CN. The circuit in this case comprises a mains filter MF, a rectifier bridge R, a low pass filter LP and a power part PS which converts the input voltage to drive current for driving the LED lamp 10. The circuit further comprises a dimming sensor DS which sends a control signal to the power part. The control signal depends on the input voltage to the dimming sensor, in other words on the output voltage from the regular dimmer. If the drive circuit is directly connected to the mains, it is also possible to integrate a dimming device, such as a potentiometer, in the dimming sensor. Different drive circuits are possible to use, both buck-converters and boost-converters or a combination of both, depending on the supply voltage and the number of LEDs used in the LED lamp. A buck converter is a downconversion circuit that converts an input DC voltage to a lower output DC voltage. A boost converter is an up-conversion circuit that converts an input DC voltage to a higher output voltage. Preferably, a buck converter is used when the LED lamp is to be connected to a mains.
    Fig. 9 shows an LED lamp with an integrated buck converter as drive circuit which can be used as a replacement lamp for, for example, 230 volts. The circuit is an example of the schematic circuit shown in Fig. 8. The LED lamp 10 is adapted to be connected to a regular dimmer TD via the connection CN. The regular dimmer TD is connected to the mains AC. The drive circuit comprises an input radio interference filter including, for example, two inductors 1 and two capacitors C and a full wave rectifier comprising four diodes D. The drive circuit further comprises a triac holding circuit for maintaining a holding current through the regular dimmer TD comprising a resistor Cw and a capacitor Rw. The input voltage sensing is performed by the dimming sensing circuit R11, RQ, C11, Rß and TR10, the output signal S10 of which is used to control the integrated circuit IC in the power section. Diode D10 prevents negative voltage from reaching the input and C12 is an energy storage capacitor. The power part further comprises a low voltage generating circuit comprising R1.1, D11, and C13, which generate a low voltage, for example 5 to 15 volts, which is used to drive the integrated circuit and for the current feedback provided by R15 and 0P10. The control signal S10 is mixed with the current feedback signal S11 at the feedback pole FB on the integrated circuit. A compensation network is included between the feedback pole FB and the compensation pole CP of the integrated circuit. The output signal from the integrated circuit controls the switch transistor TR11 which controls the LED lamp through a Switch transistor is controlled by the dimming sensor circuit and the integrated circuit switches the transistor on and off depending on the input voltage from the regular dimmer.
    The drive circuit also includes a buckdiode D12.
    R16 and C14 are connected to buck-inductance l10.
    The integrated circuit can be a switched power supply driver with pulse width modulation that switches the switching transistor TR11 on and off, which in this example is an N-channel MOSFET transistor. The LED lamp 10 is connected between the buck inductance 111> and the current sensor nut position R15 which is used to measure the current through the LED lamp. In the example shown, the LED lamp 10 is connected in parallel with an equalizing capacitor C15. The LED lamp 10 comprises a first LED string 1 and a second LED string 2 where the second LED string also comprises a resistor. The first comprises at least one LED having a relatively high voltage drop, the second comprising at least one LED having a lower voltage drop. Multiple LED strings can also be connected in parallel with the first and second LED strings. The LED lamp 10 may be, for example, the LED lamp shown in Fig. 6.
    The composition of the lamp, in other words the color behavior when dimming the lamp, can also be adapted for different markets. In some markets there may be a desire to use lamps with a slightly lower color temperature, similar to light bulbs. In other markets, lamps with a higher color temperature similar to that of fluorescent lamps are more popular. With the inventive circuit, it is easy to obtain any desired lamp behavior in a simple and cost-effective manner without any need for special drive circuits.
    The color temperature obtained by mixing different LEDs with different wavelengths is related to Planckian locus or blackbody radiation.
    Planckian locus is reflected in the CIE 1931 color chart. The color temperature of a given set of LEDs can be estimated by projecting the wavelengths to the Planckian locus curve in the diagram. This is well known to those skilled in the art.
    The invention should not be considered limited to the described embodiments, a number of further variants and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims. The type and number of LEDs can be changed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. 0 15 20 25 534 571 17 PATENT REQUIREMENTS. LED lamp (10) adapted for use with a variable drive circuit, wherein the drive circuit comprises a continuous variable voltage or current, wherein the LED lamp (10) comprises a first LED string (1) having at least one LED having a first wavelength, characterized in that the LED lamp ( 10) comprises a second LED string (2) with at least one LED with a second wavelength, wherein the first and second LED strings (1, 2) are connected in parallel directly to the drive circuit and where the first wavelength differs from the second wavelength. . LED lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the second LED string (2) comprises a resistor (R2) connected in series with the LED. . LED lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second LED string (2) comprises a number of LEDs connected in series. . LED lamp according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first LED string (1) comprises a plurality of LEDs connected in series. . LED lamp according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the LED light source further comprises a third LED string (3) comprising a plurality of LEDs having a third wavelength and a resistor (R3) connected in series, the third LED string being connected in parallel with the first LED string. 1) and the second LED string (2). . LED lamp according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second LED light string (2) is adapted to be lit before the first LED string (1). 534 971 18 7. An LED lamp according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the second LED string (2) is adapted to be lit before the third LED string (3) and that the third LED string (3) is adapted to be lit. before the first LED string (1). LED lamp according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second LED string (2) comprises at least two different types of LEDs which have different wavelengths. LED lamp according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the LED lamp further comprises a drive circuit. 10. LED lamp according to claim 9, characterized in that the LED lamp is adapted to be operated by a dimmer for the mains. 1 1. LED lamp according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamp is mounted in a lamp socket. LED lamp according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the drive circuit is a down-conversion converter. LED lamp according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that an up-conversion converter. the drive circuit is one
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