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    • 专利摘要:
    Plate elements, a plate configuration, and associated system for thermomechanical refining of wood chips wherein destructured and partially defibrated chips are fed to a rotating disc primary refiner, where opposed discs each have an inner band pattern of bars and grooves and outer band pattern of bars and grooves, such that substantially complete fiberization (defibration) of the chips is achieved in the inner band and the resulting fibers are fibrillated in the outer band. A pair of opposed co-operating refining plate elements for a flat disc refiner wherein the bars and grooves on each of the inner bands form an inner feed region followed by an outer working region, the bars and groove on each of the outer bands form an inner feed region followed by an outer working region, and the gap and/or material flow area formed when the plates are placed in front of each other increases between the inner working region and the outer feed region. A steam bypass channel is formed as a groove on the surface of the working region of the inner band.
    公开号:SE534607C2
    申请号:SE0900071
    申请日:2005-06-21
    公开日:2011-10-18
    发明作者:Marc J Sabourin；Luc Gingras
    申请人:Andritz Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    20 25 30 534 B07 The simplification includes making it easier to launch low-cost systems that can be put into use and commissioned at an accelerated pace.
    The inventive system is set out in the appended claims 1-15. In essence, the invention entails high energy efficiency, t.o.m. in systems that do not utilize a high-speed refiner, and at the same time reduce the scope and complexity of the equipment needed upstream of the refiner. Major modifications of the PSD and the associated refining process are required. The PSD is of a degrading type with a growing core diameter and a plug zone equipped with a non-return valve. The inlet pressure of PSD (or macerated pressurized screw dispenser) can range from atmospheric to about 30 psig, preferably from 5 to 25 psig.
    The burning inner plates (inner bands) in the primary conveyor are designed so that they feed and they break down broken trawls efficiently. High-efficiency outer plates (outer bands) in the primary conductor are designed to feed (high intensity => minimal energy consumption) or hold back (low intensity => maximum strength development), or for intensity levels between the two extremes, depending on product quality and energy requirements.
    From a broad aspect, a method for thermomechanical refining of wood ice is described, which comprises exposing the ice to a vaporous environment for softening, the softened ice being macerated and partly de-crushed in a compaction device, the degraded and partly de-braised primary ice being fed to the ice. where each of the opposing discs has an inner band pattern of rods (or bars) and grooves and an outer band pattern of rods (or bars) and grooves, the fi glazing of the ice is substantially completed in the inner band and the resulting fi bars fi are glazed in the outer band. the strip, and to sheet metal elements, a sheet metal design and an associated system for thermomechanical refining of wood chips, where the decomposed and partially defibrated ice is fed to a primary rotor with rotating discs, each of the opposing sheets having a inner band pattern of rods and grooves and an outer band pattern of rods and grooves, so that the is made in the inner band and the resulting fi brema fi are brillianted in the outer band.
    The described system preferably comprises an inner feed area and an outer working area on the inner belt and an inner feed area and an outer working area on the outer belt, the inner belt working area being defined by a first pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves and the outer belt feeding area. bounded by a second pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves. The first pattern on the working area of the inner belt has relatively narrower grooves than the second pattern on the feeding area of the outer belt. The fi glazing of the ice is essentially completed in the working area of the inner belt by low intensity refining, while the fi glazing of the utför is carried out in the working area of the outer belt with a smaller gap between the plates and higher refining intensity.
    A pair of opposing, cooperating refining plate elements is provided which are intended for a planar disc separator for refining and refining lignocellulosic material in a refining gap between two opposite rotating refining discs, the plate elements being directly opposite each other. comprises that both plate elements consist of an inner band comprising rods and grooves and of an outer band comprising rods and grooves, which rods and grooves on each of the inner bands form an inner feed area followed by an outer working area and the rods and the grooves on each of the outer bands form an inner feed area followed by an outer working area, and the gap and / or material fl area of fate formed when the plates are placed in front of each other increases between the inner working area and the outer feed area.
    The working area of the inner belt is preferably delimited by a first pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves, and the feeding area of the outer belt is delimited by a second pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves. The first pattern on the working area of the inner belt has relatively narrower grooves than the grooves of the second pattern on the feeding area of the outer belt so that a discontinuity in the geometry occurs. 10 15 20 25 30 534 B07 The fi glazing of the ice is substantially completed on the working area of the inner strip by refining with low intensity, while the fi glazing of the fi is carried out on the working area of the outer strip with a smaller gap between the plates and higher refining intensity.
    A described method preferably comprises the following steps: the chips are exposed to a vaporous environment for softening the ice, the softened ice is decomposed by compaction and dewatered to a consistency exceeding about 55%, the decomposed and dewatered ice is diluted to a consistency in the range of about 30%. 55%, the diluted and decomposed chips are fed to a rotary disk raffle, where each of the opposing disks has an inner strip pattern of rods and grooves and an outer strip pattern of rods and grooves, the ice is defibrated in the inner strip and the the resulting fi brema fi shines in the outer band.
    Degradation by compaction, dewatering and dilution can all be performed in a single integrated device immediately upstream of the primary conductor, and both defibration and brilliance can be achieved between only one set of mutually rotating disks in the primary conductor.
    The new simplified TMP refining process, which combines a degrading pressurized screw dispenser and the braking plates, proved to be effective in improving TMP pulp property versus energy conditions compared to known TMP processes.
    The process improved pulp properties versus energy ratios at least for TMP refining systems and TMP at low retention / high pressure. Low retention / high pressure refining systems typically operate at 75 psig - 95 psig either at standard speeds for grinding wheels or at higher board speeds.
    The inner band debrising efficiency improved at higher refining pressures.
    The leveling increased further as the grinding wheel speed increased.
    Thermomechanical pulps produced with retaining outer bands exhibited better overall strength properties compared to pulps produced with expelling outer bands. The latter design required less energy for a given freeness number and exhibited lower tip content.
    The specific energy savings to achieve a given freeness number by using the process of the invention together with expelling outer bands were 15% - 32% compared to TMP control masses and low retention / higher pressure refining masses.
    Combining the described procedure with bisult treatment improved the strength properties of the pulp and greatly increased the brightness of the pulp. Increased dilution flow effectively compensated for the greater amount of effluent from the PSD-type macerating screw feeder. The dilution / impregnation device should ensure proper penetration of fl ice leaving the PSD. An alternative is a split dilution strategy that adds dilution both at the PSD output and inside the refiner.
    In the present context, maceration is to be understood as a physical mechanism of solid material under compressive cutting forces. Maceration of wood in a steam-pressurized screw device or equivalent degrades the material without breakage across rock boundaries, resulting in significant, but not complete (for example up to about 30%) axial separation of the bristles. The maceration in the plug zone mainly takes place after the wings, but some initial maceration can take place in the winged section before the plug zone. The reduction within the plug zone may increase the compression and maceration to some extent at the beginning of the previous winged section. Impregnating liquid (water and / or chemicals) is added directly into the expansion area or chamber at the outlet of the macerating screw device so that the liquid intake of the expanding wooden structure is immediate. The decomposed wood ice must be sufficiently liquid-saturated so that the refining consistency is within a preferred range for optimal mass. All or most of the liquid intake takes place at the outlet of the macerating screw dispenser, when the highly compressed ice is released. In the alternative embodiment, the diluent liquid is divided: some dilution takes place at the macerated screw discharge and further diluent liquid is supplied between the inner and outer rafter bands.
    As an example. but not as a limitation, the consistency within the plug pipe zone can be in the range 58% - 65% with impregnation / dilution in the range about 30% - 55%. The material remains within this consistency range through the seal zone of the non-return valve, at the exit from the seal zone and at the inlet to the conveyor belt feeder. It is a pressurized environment, with evaporation taking place, but the purpose is to strive for the optimal refining consistency, usually about 35 - 55%, when supplied to the refiner's feeder for feeding between the refining plates. and within the expansion zone. In order to produce a mechanical mass fi ber, fi bears must first be defibrated (separated from the wood structure) and then fibrillated (ems bems wall material disintegrated). An essential feature of this invention is that the working area of the inner bands substantially defibrates and the working area of the outer bands substantially fi shines. An important aspect of the novelty of the invention is to maximize the separation of these two mechanisms in a single machine and thereby more efficiently optimize the length and mass properties in relation to the energy conditions.
    Since the fi bracing in the inner bands is performed on relatively coarsely decomposed fl ice, the associated pattern of the working area of the rods and grooves must not be too fine.
    Otherwise, the decomposed ice would not pass properly through the grooves of the inner bands and be evenly distributed. The material from the inner belt received on the outer belt feed area and distributed over the outer belt working area is relatively more distributed than on the inner belt feed area and therefore the pattern of rods and grooves on the outer belt working area is finer than in the inner belt. Another advantage of the invention is that the distribution is more even (ie higher degree of belt coverage across refining plates) both in the inner bands and in the outer bands compared to conventional processes. Better feed means better feed stability which reduces fl uctuations in the refiner's load, which in turn contributes to maintaining a more uniform pulp quality. 10 15 20 25 30 534 B07 For compatibility with conventional TMP systems, the composite sheets according to the present invention can be modified to enable the re-flow of steam despite the narrower gap in the working area of the inner sheet. In general, at least one of the opposing plates may comprise an ater fl fate channel for steam to direct some of the steam from the outer gap to the inner gap in the inner feed area or a place further upstream, while the steam is led past the inner gap in the inner working area. .
    An important advantage of the present invention is that it helps to minimize the residence time in each operating step of the entire TMP process. This is possible because the size of the brittle material decreases sufficiently in each process step so that the operating pressures can almost instantaneously heat and soften the children to the required level. The process can be considered to have three functional steps: (1) decomposed ice is produced, (2) the decomposed ice is defibrated, and (3) the broken material is glazed. The design of the equipment should establish a minimum residence time from the outlet of the macerating pressurized screw dispenser in step (1) to the inlet of the operator. The feeder's feeder device (for example, belt feeder or side feeder) operates almost instantaneously to start step (2) in the inner belts. The construction of the inner straps should establish a residence time for the material to pass through without obstruction. Some constructions of the inner bands may have a longer residence time than the others for efficient debriefing, but the net residence time is still shorter than if the debriefing were to be performed in a separate component. The material is passed almost instantaneously to the outer band, where step (3) is performed. Here, too, the residence time is short. The actual residence time in the outer belt is determined by the construction of the plates which is chosen to optimize pulp properties and energy consumption. The advantage of this very short residence time (minimum) in each process step (while the necessary softening of the fibers is achieved to maintain the strength properties of the pulp) is maximum optical properties. An essential feature of these plates includes an inner band for debrisation and an outer band for fibrillation with an area of discontinuity between the bands so that a relaxation area precedes.
    In the system described in the international application PCT / 052003/022057, where the degraded ice was debrised in a smaller debratator before it was supplied to the main primary operator for brilliance, the pressures were much lower in the defibrillation step. The defibrating residence time under pressure was much longer in a completely separate generator. It was desirable to have a lower temperature to try to maintain the brightness of the pulp, as the low intensity refining was gentle.
    High temperatures were therefore neither necessary nor desirable in the separate defibrillator for maintaining the strength of the pulp. In the present invention the debriefing and the glazing are carried out within the same highly pressurized rafter jacket. The refining intensity of the braking inner belt which is achieved at high pressure and with a short residence time is still low. The brightness is not adversely affected despite the high pressure (the high temperature), because the residence time is so short. This corresponds to the surprisingly beneficial effect of a short residence time for high temperature preheating described in U.S. Pat. 5,776,305.
    When the present invention is realized in a low retention / high pressure raffle system, there is no need for a separate preheating conveyor immediately upstream of the raffle feeder, as the decomposed ice heats up rapidly during normal transport from the plug screw feeder to the raffle feeder. In the environment from the expansion space or chamber to the rotating disks, the operator's operating pressure prevails, e.g. 75 - 95 psig, and the 'residence time' at the corresponding saturation temperature during transport between the plug screw feeder and the refractor is clear for 10 seconds, preferably within the range of 2 - 5 seconds, which corresponds to the preferred preheating residence time for low retention / high pressure refining.
    More generally, the advantage of the process that energy efficient production of high quality TMP pulp can be achieved in minimal time in each process step can be achieved in your different types of refining systems and this has the consequent advantage of the requirements for components, spaces and equipment costs. minimized.
    The dual band geometry with a discontinuity range for the refining plates according to an aspect of the invention can be used for different flat plate types which are not limited to but include flat counter-rotating two-in-one refiners with single direction and double disc refiners. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a TMP refiner system illustrating an embodiment of the invention; Figures 2A and 2B are schematic drawings of alternative macerating pressurized screws equipped with dilution injection and suitable for use in connection with the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a portion of a disk plate in a refractor showing the inner debrisation band and the distinct outer fibrillation band; Figures 4A and 4B show an exemplary pair of inner bracing bands for the rotor and stator, respectively, having angled rods and grooves; Figure 5 shows the relationship between the pair of inner brilliance bands and the pair of outer brilliance bands in the transition area; Figures 6A and 68 show another exemplary pair of bracing bands having substantially radial rods and grooves; Figures 7A and 7B show an exemplary outer band brilliant band, seen from the front and from the side, respectively, and Figures 7C and 7D show sections fi gures across the bars and grooves within the outer, middle and inner zones; Figures 8A, 8B and 8C show another exemplary outer iller brilliance band as front view and cross-sectional views, respectively; Figure 8D shows a side view and front view of an exemplary outer belt for a rotor disk having curved feed rods; Figure BE shows a side and front view of an exemplary opposing outer band of a stator for use with the outer band of Figure 8D; Figure 9 is a schematic drawing of the plate used in laboratory tests to model and measure the operative characteristics of the inner defibration plate, with S indicating that rods or bars on the outer half of the middle zone and outer fine zone are ground; Figure 10 is a schematic drawing of the plate used in laboratory tests to model and measure the operative characteristics of the outer brilliance plate; Figures 11 - 18 show results regarding pulp properties for test runs of different raffle series to investigate different aspects of the invention; Figure 19 shows the inner pair of rotors and stator showing a passage in the inner stator band to take care of the recirculation of steam produced during the refining; Figure 20 is a view similar to that of FIG. 19 showing another embodiment for handling the return of steam through a passage in the inner stator band supporting the disk; Figure 21 is a view similar to that of FIG. 19 showing a further embodiment for handling the backflow of steam through grooves in the surface of the working area of the inner belt; and Figure 22 is a view similar to that of FIG. 4B with the addition of the grooves for the resistance of steam in the front surface of the working area of the inner belt according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 21.
    Description of the Preferred Embodiments 1. Overview FIG. 1 shows a TMP generator system 10 according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. A standard atmospheric screw feeder 12 with inlet plug receives pre-soaked (softened) ice from a source S at atmospheric pressure P fl the ice is exposed to an environment of saturated steam at a pressure P3. Depending on the design of the system, the pressure P, can vary between atmospheric pressure and about 15 psig or from 15 psig up to about 25 psig with retention times from a few seconds to several minutes. The chips are fed to a macerating pressurized plug screw dispenser 16.
    The macerating pressurized plug screw dispenser 16 has an inlet end 18 at a pressure P., in the range of about 5 to 25 psig for receiving base ice. Preferably, the macerating pressurized screw dispenser has an inlet pressure P. which is the same as the pressure P, in the inlet pipe 14. The macerating pressurized screw dispenser has a working section 20 for subjecting the ice to dewatering and maceration under large mechanical compression forces in an environment of saturated steam and an outlet. 22 where the macerated, dewatered and compressed fl ice is discharged as conditioned fl ice to an expansion zone or chamber at a pressure P5, where the conditioned fl ice expands. Nozzles or corresponding means are provided for feeding impregnating liquid and dilution water into the outlet end of the screw device, the dilution water penetrating into the expanding ice and forming together with the ice a material which is supplied to the refiner in a feed pipe 24, which material has a solids interval. %. Alternatively, especially if no impregnation is required in addition to dilution, the dilution can be performed in a dilution chamber connected to. but not necessarily integrated with, the macerating screw output. In this context, maceration or degradation of the ice means that axial fiber separation exceeds about 20%, but there is no brilliance.
    A primary high consistency refractor 26 has mutually rotating discs within a jacket 28 maintained at a pressure P5 and each disc has a worktop on it, which worktops are arranged in an opposite coaxial mutual relationship, defining a space extending substantially radially outwards from the inner diameters of the discs to the outer diameters of the discs. Each plate has a radially inner band and a radially outer band, and each of the bands has a pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves. The pattern on the inner band has relatively larger rods and grooves and the pattern on the outer band has relatively smaller rods and grooves. The feeder device 30, for example a belt feeder 30, receives the feed material from the dilution area located in connection with the macerating pressurized screw dispenser (directly or through an intermediate buffer tank), and transports the material at a pressure P5 substantially to the space between the discs. at the inner diameter of the discs. As will be described in more detail below, the inner band completes the defibration of the chip material and the outer band fi brilliates the fibers.
    The system can be applied to typical TMP refining systems or systems with low retention / high pressure. The limits of the process or component conditions can be summarized in the following table: The limits of system conditions within the scope of the invention COMPONENT CONDITIONS LIMITS PREFERRED A Press P1 @ flsource S 0 psig 0 psig Press P2 @ 12 outlet 0 - 30 psig 0 - 30 psig Pressure - 30 psig 0 -30 psig Holding time steam pipe 14 10 -180 sec 10 - 40 sec Inlet pressure P4 @ 16 0 - 30 psig 0 - 30 psig Treatment time in 16 <15 sec <15 sec Pressure P5 @ expansion space 22, 30 - 95 psig 75 95 psig rafter feeder 30 and jacket 28 Residence time in expansion space 22, <10 sec <10 sec rafter feeder 30 and jacket 28 Figures 2A and 2B are schematic drawings of a macerating pressurized screw 16 which is provided with dilution injection and is suitable for use in in connection with the present invention. According to the embodiment in FlG. 2A, ice material 32 is shown in the central dewatering portion of a working section 20, where the diameters of the perforated tubular wall 34, the rotating coaxial shaft 36 and the wings 38 are constant. An ice plug 40 is formed in the plug part of the working section, immediately after the dewatering part, where the wall is non-perforated and the shaft has no wings, but the diameter of the shaft 10 grows considerably, whereby a tapered d desert cross section is formed and thereby a high back pressure is produced, which increases the extrusion of the liquid from the chips through the dewatering hole formed in the wall of the central part. The throttle flow and the mooring effect can be further increased or adjusted by using a tubular constriction insert (not shown) within the non-perforated wall, or retaining pins or the like (not shown) projecting from the wall into the plugged material.
    The plug is highly compressed under mechanical pressures typically in the range of 1000 psi - 3000 psi, or higher. The maceration takes place mainly, if not completely, in the plug.
    The chips are essentially completely decomposed with partial debrisation exceeding about 20 percent and usually reaching 30 percent or more.
    At the end of the plug, the outlet end 22 of the mortar pressurized screw dispenser has an increased cross-sectional area defined between a leaky collared wall 42 and the opposite conical surface 44 of the non-return valve 46 at a distance.
    The non-return valve is axially adjustable from a stop position in a conical recess 48 at the end of the shaft 36 of the mortar pressurized screw dispenser to a maximum retracted position. This regulates the fate area of the expansion zone or space 50 fl and at the same time maintains a smaller degree of sealing at 52 by means of chip material between the valve and the outer end of the collared wall, which can be regulated in response to instantaneous pressure difference between the feed pipe 24 and the mortar pressurized screw dispenser 16.
    Within the expansion zone 50, high pressure impregnation liquids are fed either through a number of pressure hoses 54 and nozzles connected thereto (as shown) or a pressurized circular ring. The dewatered chip coming to the expansion zone 50 rapidly absorbs the impregnating liquid and expands, helping to form a weak sealing zone at the end of the expansion zone.
    FIG. 2B shows an alternative, where the impregnation in the expansion zone 50 is achieved by arranging openings 56 for the liquid flow in the end surface of the conical non-return valve, whereby liquid can be supplied via high-pressure hoses through the shaft 58 of the non-return valve. for blowing and guiding the diluted ice from the macerating pressurized screw dispenser 16 to the refiner's feeder 30. It should be understood, however, that the pressure P5 in the feeder 24 is the same as in the feeder 30 and the refiner's jacket 28. It may be desirable to provide a small pressure boost or lowering between the generator's supply device 30 and the generator's jacket 28, which is common practice in the case of TMP.
    Despite this, the pressures across this area after the macerating pressurized screw dispenser up to the valve shell would typically be well above 30 psig, usually above 45 psig, which is significantly higher than the vapor inlet pressure P4 of the macerating pressurized screw dispenser. However, the plug 40 is so highly mechanically compressed that t.o.m. at a pipe pressure as high as 95 psig or more, the compressed plug expands rapidly in the expansion zone due to the expansion of pores in the i members in the uncompressed state. It can thus be advantageous for the feed pipe to function as an expansion chamber in its participation in the efficiency of the expansion space.
    Those skilled in the art could easily modify the design of the expansion zone and the feed pipe and their relationship so that the expansion and dilution takes place mainly in a special expansion chamber connected to, but not integrated with, the macerating pressurized screw dispenser.
    As an example. but not as a limitation. the consistency within the plug pipe zone is typically within the range 58 - 65% and within the expansion zone with impregnation dilution within the range about 30% - 55%. The purpose is to strive for the optimal refining consistency, usually about 35 - 55%, when supplied to the refiner's feeder device for feeding between the refining plates.
    FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a portion of the operator's disk plate 100 showing the inner baffling belt 102 and the outer baffling belt 104. Each belt may be a distinct plate member connectable to the disk, or the belts may be formed integrally on a common substrate which may connected to a disc. Each belt has an inner feed area 106, 108 and an outer working area 110, 112. The inner belt working area (s) are defined by a first pattern of alternately arranged rods 114 and grooves 116, and the outer area feeding area is defined by a second pattern of alternating rods 118 and grooves 120. The very coarse rods 122 and grooves 124 on the inner belt feed area 106 direct the previously degraded chip material to the bridging area 110 which has significantly narrower rods and grooves. The embroidered material is mixed and then crosses the transition ring 126, where it reaches the outer belt feed area 108. In general, the first pattern on the inner belt working area 110 has relatively narrower grooves than the second pattern on the outer belt feeding area 108. The outer belt working area 108. (fi brilliant) 112 has a pattern of rods 128 and grooves 130, the grooves 130 being narrower than the grooves 116 on the working area 110 of the inner band.
    The coarse rods and grooves of the inner belt feed area 106 on one disc can be arranged next to each other with a feed area on the opposite disc lacking rods and grooves, as long as the shape of the fate path quickly guides the feed material from the belt feeders to the opposite inner belt working areas 110.
    Each inner band 102 thus has an outer defibrating region 110 with a pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves 114, 116, but the inner region 106 associated therewith does not necessarily have a pattern of rods and grooves. The outer region 112 of the brilliant strip 104 may have a plurality of radially sequenced zones, such as 132, 134, and / or a number of deviating but laterally alternating fields, such as 136, 138, in a manner well known to the TMP "refining zone" of TMP refiners. In FIG. 3, the outer band 104 has an inner feed area 108 with alternately arranged rods and grooves, and the working area 112 has a first pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves 128, 130 which appear as laterally repeated parallel trapezoids in the zone 132, and a second pattern of alternately arranged rods and grooves 140, 142 which appear as laterally repeated parallel trapezoids in the zone 134 extending to the circumference 144 of the plate.
    The annular space 126 between the inner and outer bands 102, 104 may be completely free or, as shown in Figs. 3, a portion of the rods, for example 146, on the outer belt feed area 108 may extend into the annular space. The annular space 126 forms the contours of the radial dimensions of the inner and outer band, the radial width of the inner band 102 being less than the radial width of the outer band 104, preferably below about 35% of the total radius of the plate from the inner edge 148 of the inner band 102 to the inner band 102. the peripheral edge 144 of the outer band 104. The radial width of the feed area 106 of the inner band 102 is also larger than the width of the working area 110 of the inner band 110, while the radial width of the feed area 108 of the outer band 104 is less than the radial width of the work area 112.
    The decomposed and partially debrised ice material reaches the inner feed area 106, where substantially no further debrisation takes place, but the material is fed to the working area 110, where the low intensity energy efficient operation of the rods and grooves 114, 116 defibrates substantially all of the material.
    Such plates can advantageously be used as replacement plates in the operator system, in connection with which there may be no pressurized macerating dispenser. If a macerating pressurized screw dispenser is present, the combination of total degradation and partial defibration along with high heat upstream of the operator allows the sheet metal designer to minimize the radial width and energy use of the inner belt working area 110 to complete the defibration. The patterns of the rods and rafters 114, 116 and the width of the working area 110 may vary in intensity and residence time. Empty. with less than ideal degradation and partial upstream deflection, the sheet metal designer can increase the radial width of the inner working area 110 and select a pattern that holds the material back slightly to improve the work, while satisfying brittleness in a shortened outer band 112 with higher intensity and total energy savings for a given quality of primary pulp is still achieved.
    The composite sheet shown in FlG. 3 is only representative. FIG. 4 and 6 show other possible areas for the inner bands. FlG. 4A shows an inner band 150A and FIG. 4B shows the opposite inner band 150B. FlG. 5 schematically shows the position of the adjacent opposite inner bands 150A and 150B together with parts of the connected outer bands 152A and 152B installed in the operator. The feed opening 154 of the inner belts is preferably curved to re-align the feed material received at the "eye" of the discs from the axial transport direction toward the radial working opening 156 of the inner belts.
    Preferably, the feed rods (very coarse rods) are arranged at a longer distance from each other than the size of the material when feeding would require. For example, the smallest of the three dimensions that they finize fl ice (fl ice thickness) is typically 3 - 5 mm. This year to avoid severe bumps that result in fiber damage in the wood structure. l 10 15 20 25 30 534 607 17 In most cases, the minimum gap 154 during operation should be 5 mm. The sole function of the coarse feed rods is to supply the outer part of the inner belt with a suitable amount of the distributed feed material and not to treat the ice. The feed rods are arranged on the inner band of the rotor, but are not absolutely necessary on the inner band of the slator.
    It is advantageous that the geometry of a conventional plate used in a flat disk drive has a radius from the inner edge of the plate to its outer edge. Two flat plates form an opposing pair when mounted in the generator and both have a work surface with a pattern of elevation and cut-in structure (for example rods, grooves, recesses) transversely to the shaft, as in FIG. 5, forms a radially extending refining gap between the plates. This gap has a profile that varies from the inner radius of the plates to their outer radius. The gap, and thus the gap profile, is delimited by the dimension between the upper surfaces of the opposite elevation structures (rods) and directly affects the range of fate available to the material as it moves radially between the plates. In any radial, the total fl range also includes the cross-sectional area of any recesses or grooves between the rods. The total change of the området range, including the gap, between conventional flat disk plates can be expressed as dAldr <0 over the entire radial distance R. at the inner edge of the plate to R., at the outer edge of the plate. position With the present invention, the degree of change of the området range can be expressed as follows: dAldr <0 from R. to R., dAldr <0 from R. to R., dAldr <0 from R., to R., where R.
    The growing area between R 1 and R 2 can be considered as a discontinuity or relaxation space between or at the transition of the outer and inner bands to the feeding area of the outer band. The material defibrated on the working area of the inner belt reaches the relaxation space, where the material is mixed and distributed with feed rods and grooves on the feeding area of the outer belt. The gap profile, as shown in FIG. 5, has a conveying inner feed portion 154 followed by a gap 156 in the inner working area, which gap preferably tapers radially to an inner minimum gap which can extend radially to a substantially uniform gap. After the taper of 10 - 30% over a distance up to about one inch, the gap of the work area reaches a minimum within the range of about 1.5 - 3.0 mm, preferably about 2.0 mm. The groove width in this working area is below about 4.0 mm, preferably not greater than about 3.0 mm. The groove alignment preferably promotes the outward pumping of the material as it fi is broken. A discontinuous transition portion 160 follows, with an abrupt increase in the gap to greater than about 4.0 mm, in connection with the feeding area of the outer band. This can taper through the feed area and is followed by an outer working part that tapers radially to an outer minimum iller gap within the range 0.5 - 1.0 mm. The column has a radially extending straight center from the entrance to the inner work area to the exit from the outer work area.
    The inner feed part of the gap comprises a rough surface structure which comprises a rough pattern of feed rods and grooves, while the inner working part comprises a relatively closer pattern of rods and grooves. The transition part where the discontinuity or relaxation effect is achieved may comprise another coarse feeding pattern of rods and grooves, while the outer working part comprises a relatively fi brighter iller brilliant pattern of rods and grooves. In most embodiments, the grooves in the working area of the inner belt would be smaller than the grooves in the feed area of the outer belt. The grooves in the working area of the inner band would be larger than the grooves in the working area of the outer band. All in all, the intensity that the material experiences in the working area of the inner band is lower than the intensity that the working material experiences in the working area of the outer band.
    It would be advantageous if increases in the området fate area at the transition could be achieved with a combination of changes in gap and track widths. If the gap increases to a large extent, the feed area of the outer belt is not necessarily coarser than the working area of the inner belt. The increase in the flow area of the relaxation material dAldr> 0 comes immediately after the minimum gap width of the defibration area (where area A is also at a minimum in the defibration area). The increase of the relaxation area can be achieved by any of the following arrangements: (a) opposite plain annular recess in both plates, located radially between the inner and outer bands; (b) smooth annular recess in one plate and opposite, coarse and / or beveled inserts of some of the outer feed rods in the opposite plate (shown in FIGS. 8D and E); (c) annular configuration on each opposite plate with insertions of some of the outer feed rods (shown in FIG. 7); and (d) no annular design, but coarse feed rods with or without chamfering, or feed rods with insertion chamfer on all feed rods. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the rods and grooves in the inner band are in an angular position relative to the radius, preventing free centrifugal fate in the inner band and extending the residence time if the rotation is to the left, or accelerating the fate if the rotation is to the right. In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the inner bands 162A and 162B have a substantially radial orientation that neither blocks nor amplifies the centrifugal flow.
    As shown in FIG. 3 and 5, the grooves at the inlet of the burning area, for example on the outer area of the inner bands, have a long phase 164 or a gradual wedge closure shape. In general, the entry into the gaping gap 156 between the inner bands is radial or almost radial (no sporadic transition to any significant degree).
    This also prevents strong impacts against the wood chips. The slope of the phase should typically be a decrease of 5 mm in height over a radial distance of 15 - 50 mm. The resulting slope is 1: 5 - 1:10, but slopes of 1: 3 - 1:15 with a height drop of 3 - 10 mm are acceptable. It is the wedge shape that they "nier the" peeling "of the intens low-intensity ice as opposed to the high-intensity shocks of conventional kneading rods that work in a narrow gap. The working opening 156 on the working area of the inner plate may taper slightly in the outward direction over a distance of up to 3 inches or more. If the phase 164 is close to the lower limit of the angle (for example 1: 3), then a larger taper of the opening 156 must be used, for example at least 1:40. This facilitates entry into the narrower gap. The outer part of the inner band is preferably ground with the cone from a flat level to about 2 degrees, depending on the application. Larger cones and larger functional openings reduce the amount of work performed in the inner bands.
    The construction of the outer region of the inner band is such that it should minimize impact against the fed material to maintain the vid length at the maximum for proper separation of fibers.
    The groove width of the defibrating area 110 should be smaller than the wood particles, preferably about the minimum operating opening for the defibrating area.
    Typically, no groove should be wider than 4 mm. This ensures that wood particles are treated in the gap instead of being wedged between rods and hit by rods from the opposite board.
    In the defibrating inner area 110, the chips are reduced to fibers and fiber bundles before passing through an annular space 126 and reaching the outer band 104 at 160. This band may be very similar to a known construction of a high consistency refining sheet. Since the fibers are essentially separated, they are not subjected to high intensity shocks. It can be seen from FIG. 3 and 5 that if untreated chips were to reach the feed zone 108 of the outer belt, it would be subjected to high intensity shocks when the ice is wedged between two coarse rods 118, 120. left, why they can not be subjected to this kind of treatment. The inlet of the outer region of the inner band has a radial or almost radial transition (ie arcuate shape with a substantially constant radius directly seen from the front). Large variation in the radial position of the beginning of the ground surface normally results in fiberl length being lost, when particles larger than the gap are forced into the gap quickly. With a long phase at the beginning of the area (longer is better), the fed material will gradually be reduced in size sufficiently (roughness reduction) to be able to enter the gap formed by the work surfaces (not shown in FIG. 5). Dust under the surface or on the surface can be used to increase the efficiency of the measure and / or increase the energy supply to the inner plates.
    The distribution between the function of the inner and outer bands can also be realized in a so-called "conical disc" which has a planar refining zone at the beginning followed by a conical refining zone within the same refiner. In that case, the bridging belts according to the invention would replace the planar refining zone which would then be followed by the conventional refining with "main plate" in the conical part. Normally a conical part in such refrains has a cone with an angle of 30 or 45 degrees, ie. it is, for example, 15 or 22.5 degrees from a cylindrical surface. An example of such a conical disk operator is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,283,016, issued August 11, 1981. The term "disk". thus, as used herein, it refers to a "conical disk", and the term "substantially radial" to a generally outwardly directed but angled slot in a conical refiner.
    The term "flat plate" is used in contrast, when the plate and / or plate is substantially flat over the entire working surface, as shown in the accompanying drawings.
    Two embodiments of the outer ande brilliant band are shown in FIG. 7 and 8. These can vary from high intensity to very low intensity. To illustrate the concept, the pattern shown in FIG. 7 is a typical example of a high intensity directed outer band 166. FIG. 8 shows a bidirectional structure 182 of very low intensity. Other different types of rod / bar designs can also be used, for example those having a variable pitch (see U.S. Patent No. 5,893,525).
    The directional belt 166 is coarser and has a forward feed area 172 which shortens the residence time and reduces the energy input capacity in this area by forcing more energy to be applied in the outer part of the belt, which in turn increases the working intensity therein, and thus the belt operates at a narrower gap. . The working range of the outer band has two zones 168, 170, the outer 168 of which has tracks än more than 170. Some or all of the tracks, for example 176 within the zone 168, may define clear channels which are slightly angled to the actual radii of the band, while other tracks , for example 180 within the second zone 170, may have dust 174, 178 on the surface or below the surface. Broadly, the outer band 166 is similar to the outer band 112 of FIG. 3.
    As another example, the full-length variable pitch pattern 182 of FIG. 8 substantially radial channels without any centrifugal feed angle. The feed area 190 is very short and the working area 188 may have even or alternating groove widths, or as shown at 184 and 186, alternating or variable groove depths. This enables a longer residence time within the plates and, together with the large number of rod crossings, enables an energy transfer of low intensity, which results in a larger gap between the plates. In a variation of the outer belt, the inner feed area of the outer belt is designed so as to prevent backflow of fi ber from the outer belt to the inner belt. FIG. 8D shows an outer band 192 of the rotor disk with a feed area 194 having curved feed rods 195. The opposite stator band 196 shown in FIG. 8E does not have rods on the inner feed area 198 in opposition to the curved rods, the opposing curved feed rods 195 being arranged on the outer band 192. Such an arrangement further ensures a complete separation of the defibration and iller brilliance steps in the inner and outer beams, respectively.
    As shown in the diagrams, the curved feed (spray) rods 195 may alternatively be supplemented with a different construction on the feed area of the rotor and / or stator bands (eg pyramids and opposite radial rods) to facilitate the distribution of the material from the curved rods to work area. Thus, the surface of the radial extent of the rotor feed area 194 may be completely or partially taken over by projecting curved rods 195 and the surface of the radial extent of the stator feed area 198 may be completely flat or partially taken over by the distribution structure.
    The curved rods 195 of the rotor belt 195 on the feed area 194 project at a distance longer than the height of the rods in the working area, but the flatness of the opposite surface of the feed area 198 of the stator belt enables this increased height.
    In general, the pattern of rods and grooves over the entire working area of the inner band has a first average, preferably uniform, density and the pattern of rods and grooves over the entire feed area of the outer band has a second average, preferably uniform, density which is lower.
    As will be described below, the invention has shown significant advantages when demonstrated at a pilot plant, where the primary disk diameter was effectively 36 inches. The invention is particularly suitable when applied to larger refiners, whose disk diameter is in the range of about 45-60 inches or more. 10 15 20 25 30 534 607 23 2. Implementation in the pilot plant's laboratory The combination of the fi burning inner bands and highly efficient outer bands is therefore an important component in this process. The optimization of the process was performed by running a pressurized Andritz 36-1 CP single disc operator in two steps: first by using only the inner plates and then by using only the outer plates. For the inner plates, a special Durametal D14B0O2 refining plate with three zones was used so that half of the outer middle zone and the entire outer zone were ground (see FIG. 9). The inner half of the middle zone is used to spread the decomposed wood chips. For the outer plate 36604 directed both feed (expulsion) a Durametal refining plate was used in the refining embodiments of (retaining) (see FIG. 10). and inhibitory Three refining designs were run using the inner parts of the coating plates to simulate the following process variations: 1. TMPA [2-3 sec. pause (i), 85 psig, 1800 rpm] ii) See A1 in data tables. 2. TMPB [2-3 sec. pause (i), 85 psig, 2300 rpm] ii). See A2 in data tables. 3. TMP [2-3 sec. sustain (i), 50 psig, 1800 rpm] iii). See A3 in data tables. i) Pause from pressurized screw discharge to the refractory inlet. ii) The pressure in the basing tube = 5 psi, pause = 30 seconds. iii) The pressure in the basing tube = 20 psi, pause = 3 minutes.
    The sign used to refer to the combination of decomposition with macerating pressurized screw dispenser and the fi-burning inner plates is f-. Therefore, the nomenclature used for the foregoing designs is as follows: 1) f-TMPA 2) f-TMPB s) f-TMP 10 15 20 25 30 534 607 24 pressure and pressure speed ratios, ie. 1) f-TMPA outer parts: 85 psig, 1800 rpm 2) f-TMPB outer parts: 85 psig, 2300 rpm 3) f-TMP outer parts: 50 psig, 1800 rpm parts. Different ratios of the direction of the refining plate (expulsion and retention) and applied energy were estimated during the runs with the outer parts in this study.
    Each of the refined primary masses was then refined in an atmospheric secondary refractor Andritz 401 at three different levels of applied specific energy.
    TMP control series were also produced without degradation of the wood ice in the pressurized actuating screw dispenser. This is achieved by lowering the production speed of the control run with the inner plates from 24.1 ODMTPD to 9.4 ODMTPD. This effectively reduced the ice plug in the PMSD. The plates were pulled away during the test run with the inner parts so that size reduction was achieved by using only kneading fibers, ie. no effective refining with the refining rods after kneading rods. The chips on the inner parts were then refined in 36-1CP refiners using the outer plates. The refined primary masses were then refined in Andritz 401 refiners at your levels of specific energy.
    Table A shows the nomenclature for each series of refiners produced in this test run study. The corresponding sample identifications are also displayed. 534 607 Table A Nomenclature Sample identification Primary inner Primary outer outer Secondary plates plates f-TMPA 1800 hb 485 ml A1 A4 A7, A8, A9 f-TMPA 1800 ex 663 ml A1 A5 A10, A11, A12 f-TMPA 1800 ex 661 ml A1 A6 A13, A14, A15 f-TMPA 1800 ex 460 ml A1 A16 A22, A23, A24 f-TMPA 1800 ex 640 ml A1 A17 A25, A26, A27 (2.8% NaHSOa) f-TMPA 1800 hb 588 ml A1 A18 A28, A29, A30 f-TMPB 2300 ex 617 ml A2 A19 A31, A32, A33 f-TMPB 2300 ex 538 ml A2 A20 A34, A35, A36 (3.1% NaHSO 3) f-TMP 1800 ex 597 ml A3 A21 A37, A38, A39 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml A3 A41 A46, A47, A48 TMP 1800 hb 664 ml A3-1 A44 A54, A55, A56, A57, A58 TMP ** 1800 hb 775 ml A3-1 A43 A49, A50, A51, A52 , A53 * Nomenclature = process, primary refiner speed (1800 rpm or 2300 rpm), design (ex or hb) of outer primary plates, primary refractory frequency ** not good because the primary refractory frequency was too high.
    The Raf fi nór series produced with outer primary plates during retention had a larger gap between the plates and a higher content of long fi brers than the corresponding series produced by using expelling outer plates. This enabled the refinement of the retaining series to lower primary freeness levels, while maintaining the long retention of the pulp. 10 15 20 534 E07 26 Figures 11 - 18 show results of pulp properties of most of the refinery series obtained in this study. The two series produced at very low primary freeness numbers (<500 ml) are excluded from the diagrams due to accumulation.
    Figure 11. Freeness ratio to specific energy The TMP control series had the highest needs for specific energy to achieve a given freeness number. The f-TMP series had the second highest energy needs and then the f-TMPA series. The f-TMPB series had the lowest need for specific energy to achieve a given frequency number.
    Table B compares the needs for specific energy for each mapped raffle series at a freeness number of 150 ml. The results are from linear interpolation.
    Table B. Specific energy at 150 ml Specific energy (kWh / MT) f-TMPA 1800 ex 661 ml 1889 f-TMPA 1800 hb 588 ml 1975 f-TMPB 2300 ex 617 ml 1626 f-TMP 1800 ex 597 ml 2060 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml 2175 TMP 1800 hb 664 ml 2411 f-TMPA 1800 ex 640 ml (2.8% NaHSOB) 2111 * f-TMPB 2300 ex 538 ml (3.1% NaHSO 2) 1411 * * By extrapolation. The f-TMPB 2300 ex-series (combination of debris, TMPB, and high-intensity plates) had a 32% lower energy requirement than the TMP control series to achieve a freeness number of 150 ml. The f-TMPA 1800 hb and f-TMPA 1800 ex-series had an 18% lower energy requirement than the TMP control series at 150 ml, respectively. The f-TMP hb and f- TMP ex-series had a 10% and 15% lower energy requirement than the TMP control series, respectively. The results show that the rebuilding / replacement of the pressurized 10 15 20 25 30 534 B07 27 screw feeder and refining plates can lead to a significant return on investment in reliable TMP systems.
    Figure 12. Tensile index versus specific energy The f-TMPB ex-masses had the highest tensile index at a given application of specific energy and were followed by the f-TMPA series and then the f-TMP series. The TMP control compounds had the lowest tensile index for a given application of specific energy.
    The addition of approximately 3% sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 solution to the pressurized screw feeder increased the tensile index relative to the corresponding series without chemical treatment.
    A tensile index of 52.5 Nm / g was achieved with the f-TMPB 2300 ex (3.1% NaHSüg) series using 3.1% NaHSOg and 1754 kWh / ODMT.
    Figure 13. Tensile index versus freeness number Series without treatment with chemicals There were two groups of tensile index results. The lower result group represents series that were produced using expelling outer plates. The higher result group represents series that were produced using retaining outer plates. The average increase in the tensile index using the retaining plates was about 10%. It should be noted that an f-TMPB hb series was not used in this test run, as there was a shortage of deflated AS material.
    Series treated with bisulfite The addition of approximately 3% bisulate to the f-TMPA ex- and f-TMPB ex-series increased the tensile index to the same or even higher level as in the pulps produced with the retaining plates. 534 G07 28 Table C compares each electronic device at a freeness number of 150 ml.
    The regression equations used in the interpolations are included in FIG. 13.
    Table C. Tensile index at 150 ml Tensile index (Nmlg) f-TMPA 1800 ex 661 ml 43.8 f-TMPA 1800 hb 588 ml 47.7 f-TMPB 2300 ex 617 ml 42.4 f-TMP 1800 ex 597 ml 43.5 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml 48.1 TMP 1800 hb 664 ml 48.2 f-TMPA 1800 ex 640 ml (2.8% NaHSO-J) 47.0 * f-TMPB 2300 ex 538 ml (3.1% NaHSO-g) 47.9 * 5 * By extrapolation.
    Figure 14. Tear index versus freeness number The refiner series produced using retaining outer plates had the highest tear index and long fiber content. Table D compares the raffle series at a freeness number of 150 ml. The tear index values were obtained using linear interpolation. Table D. Tear index at 150 ml Tear index (mnm fi g) f-TMPA 1800 ex 661 ml 9.0 f-TMPA 1800 hb 588 ml 9.9 f-TMPB 2300 ex 617 ml 8.7 f-TMP 1800 ex 597 ml 8.6 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml 9.3 TMP 1800 hb 664 ml 9.1 f-TMPA 1800 ex 640 ml (2.8% NaHSOS) * 9.7 534 60 29 f-TMPB 2300 ex 538 ml (3.1% NaHSO 4) * 8.8 * By extrapolation. The f-TMPA-hb masses had the highest tear index. The f-TMPA ex- and f-TMPB ex-masses had comparable tear index results.
    Figure 15. Explosion index versus freeness number The f-TMPA 1800 hb and f-TMP 1800 hb series produced with retaining outer plates had the highest burst index at a given freeness number. The Raf fi nör series 10 which were produced with expelling plates, i.e. f-TMPA 1800 ex-, f-TMP 1800 ex, F-TMPB 2300 ex, had a lower burst index at a given freeness number.
    The addition of approximately 3% bisulfit increased the burst index of the series produced with expelling outer plates to the same level as of the series which were not treated with chemicals and which were produced with retaining outer plates.
    Table E compares the burst index results interpolated to a freeness number of 150 ml.
    Table E. Explosion index at 150 ml Explosion index (kPamz / g) f-TM ON 1800 GX 661 ml 2.51 f-TM ON 1800 hb 588 ml 2.85 f-TMPB 2300 eX 617 ml 2.30 f-TMP 1800 eX 597 ml 2.38 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml 2.76 TMP 1800 hb 664 ml 2.45 f-TMPÅ 1800 EX 640 ml (2.8% NaHsOg) '2.98 f-TMPB 23Û0 GX 538 ml (3.1% NaHsOg)' 2.67 20 * By extrapolation. Figure 16. Tip content versus freeness number The TMP control masses had the highest peak content levels. The rafter series produced with the expelling outer plates had lower tip content levels than the corresponding series produced with the retaining outer plates. It was quite obvious that the f-pretreatment helped to reduce the tip content.
    Table F compares the peak content levels for each runner series interpolated to a freeness number of 150 ml.
    Table F. Tip content at 150 ml Tip content (%) f-TMPA 1800 ex 661 ml 0.70 f-TMPA 1800 hb 588 ml 1.35 f-TMPB 2300 ex 617 ml 0.31 f-TMP 1800 ex 597 ml 0.37 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml 1.61 TMP 1800 hb 664 ml 2.63 f-TMPA 1800 ex 640 ml (2.8% NaHSOg) * 0.59 f-TMPB 2300 ex 538 ml (3.1% NaHSO;) * 0.18 * By extrapolation. The f-TMPB ex-series, which was produced without bisul addition, had the lowest peak content levels. The addition of bisul fi t reduced the tip content.
    Figure 17. Coefficient of scattering versus freeness numbers The rafter series produced with the expelling outer plates had the highest coefficient of scattering levels.
    Table G shows the scattering coefficient results for each series at a freeness number of 150 ml. 534 607 31 Table G. Diffusion coefficient versus freeness number Diffusion coefficient (mzlkg) f-TMOn 1800 GX 661 ml 57.1 f-TMOn 1800 hb 588 ml 55.1 f-TMPB 2300 GX 617 ml 56.8 f-TMP 1800 GX 597 ml 55.3 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml 53.6 TMP 1800 hb 564 ml 54.4 f-TMOn 1800 GX 540 ml (2.3 ° / o 55.9 NaHsOg) * f-TMPB 2300 GX 538 ml (3.1% 53.8 Na fl so.) * * By extrapolation. The addition of about 3% bisulfite reduced the scattering coefficient by about 1-3 mz / kg.
    Figure 18. Brightness versus freeness number 10 All f-series had higher brightness than the TMP control masses.
    Table H compares each raffle series interpolated to a freeness number of 150 ml.
    Table H. ISO brightness at 150 ml ISO brightness f-TMPA 1800 ex 661 ml 52.0 f-TMPA 1800 hb 588 ml 51.3 f-TMPB 2300 ex 617 ml 52.8 f-TMP 1800 ex 597 ml 49.4 f-TMP 1800 hb 524 ml 48.9 TMP 1800 hb 664 ml 47.3 10 15 20 534 B07 32 f-TMPA 1800 ex 640 ml (2.8% NaHSOg) * 56.5 f-TMPB 2300 ex 538 ml (3.1% NaHSOg) * 59.1 * By extrapolation. The f-TMP sera had about 2% higher brightness than the TMP control series. The fact that wood extract substances were removed to a greater extent from the pressurized screw feeder component of the f-pre-treatment of high compression most likely contributed to the increase in the level of brightness. The f-TMPB series had the highest brightness level (528), followed by the f-TMPA series (mean = 51.7) and then the f-TMP series (mean = 49.2).
    The addition of 3% bisul fi t increased the brightness significantly, ie. up to 59.1 in the f-TMPB ex-series. 3. Comparison of the refining conditions during refining in the inner zone Table 1 compares the refined properties by the inner plates. As mentioned earlier, three debraters, A1, A2, A3, were performed to simulate the f-TMPA, f-TMPB and f-TMP designs. Decomposed chips from the pressurized screw dispenser were fed to each of these grooves on the inner belt.
    Table I. Deflibrated properties by inner plates Defib- Process Pressure Through- Specific Tip- +28 rates (f -) - (psi) flow energy inside- Mesh run (ODMTPD) (kWh / ODMT) hold (° />) (% ) A1 TMPA 85 23.3 152 66.5 75.4 A2 TMPB 85 23.3 122 35.6 79.4 A3 TMP 50 24.1 243 88.7 82.4 10 15 20 25 30 534 607 33 It is obvious that the process conditions have a significant effect on the defibration efficiency during refining on the inner zone. The degraded chips refined at higher pressures (A1, A2) had a significantly lower tip content (fl era de fi brated fi bres) compared to refining at a typical TMP pressure (50 psi).
    The energy requirement for defibration was also lower at high pressure. The highest defibration level was achieved when high pressure and high speed (A2) were combined.
    The A2 (f-TMPB) material showed the highest ers berseparation, followed by the A1 (f-TMPA) material. A3 (f-TMP) was clearly the coarsest of the defibrated samples.
    It can be seen that the directionality of the rod was not a factor during the internal rafting cuts, as the inner plates were bidirectional.
    The energy requirement for debrisation decreases as the pressure increases. The energy losses are quite large, when they are carried out under conventional conditions. For example, at a pressure of 50 psig, an additional need for specific energy of well over 100 kWh / MT would be necessary, when the combined material is produced to the same peak level as when refining at 85 psig. 4. Wisconsin Wtgranflis Laboratory Methods Used in these examples. solids content and bulk density for spruce chips are shown in Table ll.
    Material identification Initially, your runs were performed on pressurized 36-1 CP variable variable speed using the D14B002 sheet metal pattern with the outer zone and half of the intermediate zone ground. This was done to simulate the inner bands of larger single-disc operators. The first run A1 was produced with a pre-start delay of 30 seconds in the basing tube at 0.4 bar, a pressure of 5.87 bar in the refiner jacket and a machine speed of 1800 A2, the machine speed was increased to 2300 rpm. The Kömingen A3 was produced with an astringent delay of 3 minutes at 1.38 bar, a pressure of 3.45 bar in the refiner jacket and a raffle disc speed of 1800 rpm. Run A3-1 was also performed below rpm. For 10 15 20 25 30 534 607 34 conditions similar to A3, except that the production rate was reduced from 24.1 ODMTPD to 9.4 ODMTPD to prevent decomposition of the ice before feeding to the operator. The size of the gap between the plates for this run was also increased to eliminate all activity of the intermediate zone of the rods so that the ice was subjected only to the treatment of kneading rods. Analysis of fiber quality was not possible on sample A1- 1, as the ice exposed only to the treatment of kneading rods is not in a defibrated form. For this reason, tip or Bauer McNett analysis is not applicable.
    Each of the masses was used to produce additional series. Six series were performed on the A1 material. The outer plates (Durametal 36604) were installed in the 36-1CP refiner to simulate the outer refining zone. All six primary gears in the outer zone were refined at 36-1 CP at a pressure of 5.87 bar in the jacket and at a disc speed of 1800 rpm. The process nomenclature for these runs is TMPA. A sodium bisulloid was added in A17 and the result was a chemical batch of 2.8% NaHSO, (on oven-dried wood). Three secondary rafts were produced on each series.
    Two series were produced on the AZ material. Both 36-1CP outriggers on the outer zone (A19 and A20) were produced at a pressure of 5.87 bar in the engine jacket and a machine speed of 2300 rpm. The process nomenclature for these runs is TMPB.
    Sodium bisulfite liquor was added in Al 2 O (3.1% NaHSOS). Three secondary rafts were produced again on each series.
    Several series were also produced on the A3 material, each at a pressure of 3.45 bar in the refractor jacket and a speed of 1800 rpm. Three secondary raffle runs were produced on each series. The process nomenclature for these chicks is TMP.
    Two TMP control series were produced (A43 and A44) on the A3-1 ice, which underwent a treatment of kneading rods only during refining on the inner zone. Both the A43 and A44 were refined at a basing pressure of 3.45 bar and at a machine speed of 1800 rpm. Several atmospheric raffle runs were then performed on these masses to reduce the freeness number to a comparable range with the previously produced series. 534 E07 35 All masses were tested in unison using TAPP1 standard methods. The testing included Canadian Standard Freeness, Pulmac Shives (0.10 mm sieve), Bauer McNett classifications, optical length analyzes, physical and optical properties. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 534 607 36 Table I-A GRAPHIC SUMMARY OF RUNNING MATERML as-1cPunfe) as-mmvme) g A7 A4 5.87 BAR, 2-3 sex. 1soo RPM 10 __- As í-š 5.87 BAR 11 2-3 sEK. 1aoo RPM 12 o1 A1 GRAN- 5.87 BAR__ A13 | = L | s 1aoo RPM A6 i * 5.87 AR A14 2-3 sEK. 1aoo RPM 15 A22 A16 ___ "5.87 BAR A23 2-3 sEK. 1soo RPM 4 A25 A17 ___- s.a7 A26 2-3 SEK. 1soo RPM 7 2.6% NaHso, A2a A16 5.67 9 __- 2-3 sEK. 1soo RPM Aso MARK: A1 USED D14B002 SHEETS, OUTER CONE AND HALF ONE OF THE MIDDLE ZONE AND OUTER ZONE GRINDED A13 PIPE PRESSURE OF 0.69 BAR; AND A17 REFINED IN THE ACCEPTED WAY. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Table IB 37 534 B07 GRAPHIC SUMMARY OF DRIVES MATERmL as-1cPunfe) as-1cP (Yme) 991 31 A19 5.87 BAR, A32 0 SEK. 2300 RPM A33. A2 5.87 BAR 34 2300 RPM A20 5.87 BAR 35 0 SEK 2300 RPM A36 NQHSOQ 01 GRAN- A37 TILES in A21 3.45 BAR 8 0 SEK 1800 RPM 9 --A4o -_--- A: rs: __ A3 3.45 BAR 3.45 BAR 0 SEK 1800 RPM 1800 RPM 46 __ 'A41 3.45 BAR 47 O SEK 1800 RPM 48 A42 3.45BAR 0 SEK 1800 RPM LAND: A2 AND A3 USED D14Boo2 SHEETS, OUTER CONE AND HALF OF THE MIDDLE ZONE AND THE OUTER ZONE. A2: RORTRYCK PA 0.69 BAR; A3; RoRTRvcK PA 1.38 BAR; A19, A20, A21, A40, A41 ocH A42: RoRTRYcK PA 0.34 BA R; A19, A20, A21 WERE REFINED IN THE SAME WAY. 10 15 20 25 30 35 534 607 38 Table I-C GRAPHIC SUMMARY OF DRIVES mafennal as-1 cpum) as-1cpwufq4o1 401 A49 _ A43 -f / 3.45 BAR Aso Asz 01 A3-1-- 180 SEK. _ _ GRAN- 3.45 Bar 1800 RPM A51 A53 Fus 1soo RPM A54 i A44 3.45 BAR A55 A57 1ao sex. <1soo RPM Ass Asa Table Il mAfennALnoeunFnmnon mArannAL u. UeNsToRRA FAsr / 'XMNEN aumoenslrer (Kg / m) gl man o1 GRAN 66.5 169.8 112.9 GENOMDRÅNKT 47.7 10 15 20 25 30 534 607 39 5. As described above. FIG. 3, 4 and 5, the refining plates are arranged in an opposite coaxial relationship, defining a refining gap extending substantially radially outwards from the inner radius of the discs to the outer radius of the discs. The refining gap includes an outer gap 158 between the opposing outer bands, for example 152A and 152B, and an inner gap 156 defined between the opposing inner bands, for example 150A and 1508. For ideal defibration of the degraded ice material, the working area 110 of one inner band should the belt is located at a short distance from the working area 110 of the opposite inner belt.
    The distance is in the range 1.5 - 3.0 mm and is ideally about 2 mm. However, the tight gap between the inner belts of a work area that has a sufficiently fine pattern of rods and grooves to achieve the desired defibration effect can result in blocking of the steam flow back to the belt feeder 30 and some dryer / sleeve upstream (see FIG. 1). In some known TMP systems, a reflux of steam generated during the glazing is used to maintain the elevated pressure in the radiator preheater and belt feeder. In the present invention, steam is generated in the outer gap 158 between the working areas 112 of the outer bands. For compatibility with such known TMP systems, the composite sheets of the present invention can be modified to allow reflux of steam despite the denser gap in the working area of the inner sheet.
    In general, at least one of the opposing plates may comprise a vapor return channel for directing a portion of the steam from the outer gap to the inner gap in the inner feed region 154 or a location further upstream, while the inner gap 156 in the inner working region is bypassed. .
    A solution, shown in FIG. 19, is to open the back 202 of the inner plates 204 on the stator 200, which would allow the steam 210 to fl in the channel 206 upstream in the process behind the inner band working area 208. This bypassing of steam would not adversely affect the residence time of the inner bands (the residence time in the inner bands should be kept short in order to avoid over 'unnecessary' accumulation which increases friction losses and thereby the energy consumption. It is common practice to form each refining plate from a plurality, for example ten, slightly cake-shaped segments or - 10 15 20 30 In the present invention, the inner band may be formed of a set of inner band segments and the outer band may be formed of another set of outer band segments.Some or all of the inner band segments may have a radial bore or a groove 206 at the rear (at the interface with the disc) for the steam so that it dar deserts past the working area of the corresponding segment, with an inlet 212 against the refining gap 126 radially outside the working range of the inner band.
    As shown in FIG. 20, a variation includes a passage 214 formed in the disk itself, preferably the stator. This can be extremely effective if the plate consists of distinct inner and outer bands which are connected to the disc so that an annular space 126 is formed between the bands. The steam bypass passage 212 may be located in the disk in this annular space. Such a steam discharge passage through the conductor plate can alternatively be provided by arranging one or more holes in the plate in line with corresponding holes in the plates somewhere radially outwards from the inner working area 208. The holes would be connected to the conductor feed side by a pipe arrangement and the connection or several places somewhere between the discharge of the plug screw dispenser (or the pressure reducer to the supply system) and the inlet at the radial center of the refining plates.
    Another solution, shown in FIG. 21 and 22, includes a vapor channel 216 on the surface of the inner band working area 208, preferably in the stator. This channel is provided for the sole purpose of allowing steam to flow back towards the feed system instead of being trapped between the inner and outer bands. Such a diverter channel runs diagonally or obliquely across the rod / groove pattern of the inner band working area, either on the rotor, stator or both of the phase 164 on the working area rods or to the feed port 154. The steam bypass channel has an inlet 218 at the annular space 126 the inner and outer bands. The location of the channel in the stator enables the steam to have a passage with the least resistance. The rotor would have a tendency to pump steam forward, t.o.m. with the channel, but the stator allows the steam to flow back.
    As in the previous embodiment described above, the bypass channel on the surface would suck steam from the radially outer end of the working area 208 which would typically be at the spaced interface between the inner and outer bands. The grooves run away from the direction of rotation so that feed material is not directed across the groove of the stator in the inner band, whereby untreated ice would be let through. In the illustrated embodiment, the angle of the tracks has been chosen so that all incoming chips are forced through the refining gap in order to reach the outer refining area. Seen from the side, the bypass duct 216 for steam is simply a keel in the sheet metal pattern running with a phase of approximately 20-30 degrees from the horizontal plane of the rods running towards the outer diameter and with a minimal phase of the rods extending towards the inner diameter. This geometry assists in forcing wood ice back into the gap by mechanical forces each time material enters the steam discharge grooves. The vapor traces may be deeper than the surrounding pattern (in this case they are of the same depth) and the channel may be straight (as in this case) or curved. Although various forms of steam tracks and t.o.m. tracks through the back of the segments have been tested back in time, they were designed to make steam move forward, not backward. As far as the inventor knows, no modified refining plates have been used to increase the return of steam, ie. flow backwards, in the upstream direction.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    A system for producing thermomechanical pulp from wood-based ice in a rotating disk generator, comprising: a pressurized macerating screw device (16) having an inlet end (18) for receiving the based ice, a working section (20) for exposing fl the ice for maceration and dewatering under large mechanical compression forces in an environment of saturated steam to decompose the chips, and an outlet end (22) where the dewatered and decomposed fl ice expands; means (54, 56) in the outlet end (22) of the screw device (16) for supplying dilution water to the dewatered and degraded ice, the dilution water penetrating into the expanding chip and together with the ice forming a material which is fed to the refiner, which material has a solids content within the range of about 30 - 55%; a primary conductor (26) having mutually rotating discs, each of which has a working plate (100) on it, which plates (100) are arranged in an opposite coaxial relationship, defining a refining gap extending substantially radially outwards from the inner diameter of the discs to the outer diameter of the discs; each plate (100) has a radially inner inner bracing band (102) and a radially outer outer braiding band (104), each band having an inner feed region (106, 108) and an outer working region (110, 112), the working area (110) of the inner belt (102) is defined by a first pattern of alternately arranged rods (114) and grooves (116) and the feed area (108) of the outer belt (104) is defined by a second pattern of alternately arranged rods (118) and groove (120), the first pattern on the working area (110) of the inner belt (102) having relatively narrower grooves (116) than said second pattern on the feeding area (108) of the outer belt (104); and the feeder device feeding device (30) for receiving the supplied material and transporting the supplied material between the discs, substantially at the inner diameter of the discs; wherein the working section (20) of the pressurized macerating screw comprises a dewatering portion having a perforated tubular wall (34) and a winged coaxial shaft (36) of uniform diameter rotating therein, a plug portion immediately following the dewatering portion having a solid tubular wall and a wingless shaft of larger diameter than the 10 15 20 25 30 534 BÜ 43 dewatering part, defining a restricted fl desert cross-section for macerating the ice under high compression; and the outlet end (22) of the pressurized macerating screw comprises an expansion wall (42) extending outwardly from the solid tubular wall of the plug member and a conical valve (46) arranged coaxially with respect to the axis and opposite the expansion wall (42) in an axially adjustable distance therefrom, defining an adjustable expansion space (50).
    [2]
    The system of claim 1, wherein the means (54) for supplying dilution water comprises at least one liquid nozzle which penetrates into the collared expansion wall (42) for feeding dilution water into the adjustable expansion space (50).
    [3]
    The system of claim 1, wherein the means (56) for supplying dilution water comprises at least one liquid nozzle which penetrates into the conical valve (46) for feeding dilution water into the adjustable expansion space (50).
    [4]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the working area (112) of the outer belt (104) has a third pattern of alternately arranged rods (128) and grooves (130), and the grooves (130) in the outer belt (104). ) third pattern is narrower than the grooves (116) in the first pattern of the working area (102) of the inner band (102).
    [5]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising an annular space (126) between the inner band (102) and the outer band (104).
    [6]
    The system of claim 5, wherein some, but not all, rods (146) on the working area of the outer band (104) extend into the annular space (126). 10 15 20 25 30 534 607 44
    [7]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the inner band (102) and the outer band (104) are distinct means attached to a common refiner disc.
    [8]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the inner band (102) and the outer band (104) are integrally arranged on a common substrate.
    [9]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each plate has a total radius extending to the outer circumference (144) of the outer band (104) and each band has a corresponding radial width; and the radial width of the inner band (102) is less than the radial width of the outer band (104).
    [10]
    The system of claim 9, wherein the radial width of the inner band (102) is less than about 35% of the total radius.
    [11]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the radial width of the inner band (102) feed area (106) is larger than the radial width of the inner band (102) working area (110); and the radial width of the outer area (108) of the outer belt (104) is smaller than the radial width of the working area (112) of the outer belt (104).
    [12]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the pattern of rods and grooves on the working area of the outer band (166) has at least two zones (168, 170), one zone (170) of which is adjacent to the outer band (166). ) feeding area (172) and a second zone (168) are located next to the outer circumference of the outer band (166); and the pattern of rods and grooves in one zone is not as dense as the pattern of rods and grooves in the other zone. 10 534 607 45
    [13]
    The system of claim 12, wherein the pattern of rods (114) and grooves (116) over the entire working area (110) of the inner belt (102) has uniform density.
    [14]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the pattern of rods (114) and grooves (116) over the entire working area (110) of the inner band (102) has a first uniform density and the pattern of rods (118) and grooves ( 120) over the entire feed area (108) of the outer belt (104) has a second uniform density.
    [15]
    A system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the mutually rotating disks comprise a rotor disk and an opposing stator; the outer belt of the rotor (192) has curved feed rods (195) on the feed area (194); and the feed area (198) of the outer band (196) on the stator has a substantially planar portion for the curved feed rods (195).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE532193C2|2009-11-10|
    SE533901C2|2011-02-22|
    JP2006022465A|2006-01-26|
    SE0900071L|2009-01-26|
    US7713381B2|2010-05-11|
    RU2005121425A|2007-01-20|
    US20070272778A1|2007-11-29|
    JP2011069042A|2011-04-07|
    SE0501423L|2006-01-09|
    CA2507322A1|2006-01-08|
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    CN101619546A|2010-01-06|
    US7846294B2|2010-12-07|
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    US20080083520A1|2008-04-10|
    JP5469588B2|2014-04-16|
    RU2373314C2|2009-11-20|
    CN101619546B|2012-07-18|
    CN1718921A|2006-01-11|
    CN1718914A|2006-01-11|
    JP4674125B2|2011-04-20|
    CN1718914B|2010-08-11|
    SE530995C2|2008-11-11|
    CN101634118A|2010-01-27|
    US7300550B2|2007-11-27|
    US20060006264A1|2006-01-12|
    SE0801736L|2008-07-28|
    SE0801737L|2008-07-28|
    US20060006265A1|2006-01-12|
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