专利摘要:
The invention relates to a device (10) for disassembling selected parts of assembled pallets (1), which device (10) comprises a frame (11), which carries a first (20) and a second disassembly station (30), in which pallets (1) are insertable. The first disassembly station (20) comprises at least one knife (21) which can be driven between selected outer parts of a pallet (1) chassis for separating at least one of these parts. The second disassembly station (30) comprises at least one knife (32) which can be driven between selected inner parts of a pallet (1) chassis or outer parts of single pallet (1) tires for separating one of these parts. The device (10) further comprises a multi-axis robot (40), which is arranged to feed and unload pallets (1) into and out of the device (10) and for positioning the pallets (1) in relation to the knives (21, 32) in the two disassembly stations (20, 30) of the device (1). Publication image: fig 2
公开号:SE534491C2
申请号:SE1051215
申请日:2010-11-19
公开日:2011-09-06
发明作者:Karl-Johan Berg;Bengt Magnusson;Per Danielsson
申请人:Yaskawa Nordic Ab;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

Summary of the Invention According to the invention, this object is achieved in a device according to the preamble by said stand also supporting a second disassembly station, in which a pallet is insertable, said second disassembly station comprising at least one knife, having an edge which is drivable between a selected outer spacer and the deck layer at a selected central deck board to separate the spacer from the deck layer at the specified location or between a selected spacer and the bottom layer at a central bottom board to at the specified location separate the spacer from the bottom layer, and that a multi-axis robot is arranged for feeding and discharging pallets into and out of the device and for positioning the pallets in relation to the knives in the two disassembly stations of the device.
By arranging the two disassembly stations on one and the same stand in accordance with the invention, it is possible to optimize the mutual position of the stations and thus shrink the distance between them. This can lead to an extremely compact solution. By using a multi-axis robot for loading and unloading pallets into and out of the device and also for positioning these in the device, in accordance with the invention, a much greater flexibility can be achieved than before thanks to the robot's mobility. In this way, it becomes possible, for example, to easily take care of different types of pallets in the device. By also placing the disassembly stations on one and the same stand in accordance with the invention, it is possible to considerably facilitate the installation of the device on site and facilitate the necessary programming of the robot. The latter is due to the fact that, thanks to the known mutual positions of the dismantling stations, it is not necessary to carry out feasibility studies on site of possible movement patterns for the robot and thereby be able to program it off-line and in advance.
According to a preferred embodiment, a stop is arranged opposite the edge of each knife in the first disassembly station, said robot being arranged to fix it against the stop when positioning a pallet before the edge of the knife is driven in. The advantage of this is that the robot has an easier position of the pallet correctly and that the load on the robot is reduced at a separation moment. 10 15 20 25 30 534 491 3 Preferably, the number and position of the knives in the first disassembly station corresponds to the number and position of the spacers along a bottom board. wherein the knives are individually controllable. By adapting the device in this way to the type of pallet to be treated, it becomes easily possible to reduce the number of necessary movements of a pallet in the device, to which the individual controllability of the knives also contributes.
According to a preferred embodiment, a stop is arranged opposite the edge of each knife in the second disassembly station, said robot being arranged to fix it against the stop when positioning a pallet before the edge of the knife is driven in. The advantage of this is again that the robot has an easier position of the pallet correctly and that the load on the robot is reduced at a separation moment.
In the latter preferred embodiment, two knives are preferably arranged at the second disassembly station, the first of which has its edge facing a first fixed stop and the second of which has its edge facing in the opposite direction away from the first knife towards a second fixed stop. stop, whereby the knives are individually controllable. The advantage of this solution is that it facilitates the insertion of the knives into the intermediate layer in order to quickly access selected parts of a pallet for disassembly.
Preferably, in the latter case, a third stop is also insertable between the second knife and the second stop. The third stop makes it possible in certain situations to reduce the number of necessary movements of a pallet inside the second dismantling station.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the first and / or in the second disassembly station, two position sensors are each arranged, so as to initially introduce a pallet in the station in question with an deck or bottom board before towards first one and then the the second position sensor, as a result of straightening the pallet, makes it possible to determine the thickness of a deck or bottom board and thus a suitable positioning of this before the edge of a knife is driven in. This, with the help of the robot, extremely easily achievable movement scheme provides quickly and reliably all the necessary information to arrive at a correct knife setting even with deviating thickness dimensions. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, said stand also supports said robot. This solution has great advantages, as it means that the location of the disassembly stations in relation to the robot is thus known in advance. This facilitates the installation and programming of the device in particular, but can also contribute to further shrinking the overall dimensions of the device. In addition, this solution makes it possible to deliver the device as a finished unit (a so-called factory in a box) and also to move it if necessary.
Preferably, the disassembly stations are arranged one above the other and open at least downwards. This placement and alignment shrinks the device in longitudinal and lateral dimensions and contributes in particular to the fact that parts dismantled from pallets can fall freely downwards and thus away from the disassembly stations.
Preferably, the second disassembly station is located at the top. The advantage of this is that such placement makes the second disassembly station, in which both parts from the top and bottom layer can be disassembled, more easily accessible for the robot.
Preferably, in addition, said robot is located opposite the disassembly stations. This of course facilitates input and output, but is also suitable for further shrinking the dimensions of the device laterally.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a discharge unit for discharging separated parts from the device is arranged during the disassembly stations. This means that parts dismantled from pallets can be reliably and permanently discharged from the device.
For the same reasons as above for the robot, it is suitable that said stand may also support the discharge unit, this suitably comprising a conveyor belt, which runs away from said robot.
An embodiment of the device is intended especially for dismantling selected parts of joined pallets of European type, i.e. pallets having a deck layer, which between two outer deck boards has at least one central deck board, a bottom layer, which between two outer bottom boards has a central bottom board, and an intermediate layer, the spacers of which consist partly of nine blocks, which are arranged one at each end of the bottom boards and one centrally on each bottom board, and partly of three parallel rule boards, which extend across the deck boards and are arranged directly below them over said blocks centrally on and at the ends of the bottom boards. In the embodiment in question, the edge of the at least one knife of the first disassembly member can be driven in between a selected block and a rule board at a selected outer deck board, in order to separate the block from the rule board at the specified location, or between a selected block and a selected outer bottom board. separating the block from the bottom board at the specified location, and the edge of the at least one knife of the second disassembly station is retractable between a selected outer rule board and a selected deck board to separate the control board from the deck board at the specified location, between a selected block and the central the bottom board to separate the block from the bottom board at the specified place or between a selected outer rule board and a block over the central bottom board to separate the block from the rule board at the specified place. The advantage of such a special adaptation of the device to a common type of pallet is that the disassembly work can be accelerated considerably, for example by separating an outer bottom board in a single step by means of three knives. who at the same time work on each block.
In the last-mentioned embodiment, two position sensors are suitably arranged in the first and / or in the second disassembly station, so that by initially inclined insertion of a pallet in the station in question with a deck or bottom board in front of first one and then the second position sensor , as a result of straightening the pallet, enable determination of the thickness of a deck, rule or bottom board and thus suitable positioning thereof before the edge of a knife is driven in. Again, the described movement scheme is easy to achieve with the aid of the robot and it becomes possible to quickly and reliably obtain all the necessary information in order to arrive at a correct knife setting even with deviating thickness dimensions, also concerning the said rule board.
Brief Description of the Drawings A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a pallet of European type together with a grippers of the device; Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the device together with a pallet of said type; Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing parts of a first disassembly station of the device in detail; Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing parts of a second disassembly station of the device in detail; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the second disassembly station with pallet inserted therein.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment The device 10 according to the invention described below is intended for disassembly of selected parts of pallets 1 of European type (see especially Fig. 1), but the invention is of course not limited to such.
The pallet 1 shown in fig. 1 can, like other pallets, for which the invention is intended, be roughly divided into three different layers, namely a deck layer 2, a bottom layer 3 parallel to the deck layer and an intermediate layer arranged between the deck 2 and the bottom layer 3. In the case shown, the deck layer 2 consists of five parallel deck boards 5, three so-called central and outside these two so-called outer. In the case shown, the bottom layer 3 consists of three parallel bottom boards H6, a so-called central and two so-called outer ones outside it. In the case shown, the intermediate layer 4 finally consists of three spacers 7, a so-called central and two so-called outer ones outside it. Each spacer 7 is in turn divided into three blocks 8, a so-called central and two so-called outer ones outside it, and into a control board 9, which is arranged between the blocks 8 and the deck boards 5 and extends across them.
The three mentioned layers 2-4 are normally made of wood and joined together by nailing. This means that it is normally possible to dismantle only the damaged parts on a damaged pallet 1 in order to replace them with new parts in a subsequent step and in this way achieve a renovated pallet 1 with good function. During the development of the device 10 according to the invention, an accurate analysis was made of the most common damages on pallets 1 and 10. 2 the two outer deck boards 5, in the bottom layer 3 all the bottom boards 6 and in the middle layer 4 the outer spacers 7 or in the specific case shown the two outer control boards 9 and the blocks 8 below them and in addition the outer blocks 8 below the central control board 9. Thus, according to the said analysis, the central deck boards 5 of the tire layer 2 and the central spacer 7 of the intermediate layer 4 are not particularly damaged, and in this case in this case in particular the control board 9 and the central block 8.
Against the above background, when handling a pallet 1 in the device 10 according to the invention, it was decided to always grip the pallet 1 at parts which are never touched by any disassembly measure, namely the central deck boards 5. It proved to be most advantageous to grip grab the pallet 1 from above, ie from the side of the deck, by means of a gripper generally designated 41 (see Fig. 1). This preferably comprises a flat bottom plate 42, which is intended to abut against the central deck boards 5, and four gripping claws (not shown), which grip under the central deck boards 5 and by means of hydraulic units 43 fasten them to said bottom plate 42. .
Furthermore, it was decided to use a multi-axis robot 40 for said handling, which, coupled to the gripper 41, due to its flexibility can easily handle a pallet 1 in a desired manner so that all parts of a pallet 1 which can be dismantled above can be accessed. for a disassembly operation without the need to have the gripper 41 change grip. The combination of robot 40 and gripper 41 is shown in Fig. 2, where a pallet 1 is also shown in a clearly angled position to illustrate some of the degrees of freedom the robot 40 creates conditions for.
The robot 40 in Fig. 2 is apparently mounted on a stand 11. On the same stand 11 there are also two so-called disassembly stations, more specifically a first lower disassembly station 20 and a second upper disassembly station 30. In addition, a discharge unit 50, which comprises a conveyor belt 51, mounted on the frame 11 under the two disassembly stations 20, 30. The purpose of the discharge unit 50 is to catch and convey out of the device 10 from pallets 1 by means of the conveyor belt 51 534 494 8 mounted parts and in this way for undisturbed operation keep the device 1 free from such.
The first and preferably shown lower disassembly station 20 comprises three knives 21, which are arranged in a common plane and at center distances from each other corresponding to the center distances of the three blocks 8 along a bottom board 6 of a pallet 1. The knives 21 are as seen directed obliquely downwards (see those marked 22) and away from the robot 40 and are arranged opposite each stop 23. Against stops 23 the robot 40 can arrange a pallet 1 at least with the outside of a bottom board 6 and of adjacent spacers 7 (blocks 8). with the pallet 1 having its underside facing obliquely upwards and away from the robot 40. In Fig. 3 the first disassembly station 20 is shown more clearly. It can be seen that each pair consisting of a knife 21 and a stop 23 sits on a common holder 24. On the holders 24 the knives 21 are individually hydraulically displaceably arranged and combined with their respective spring-loaded dispensers 25, intended to reliably discharge a disassembled ( that is, a part of a pallet 1 separated by means of a knife edge 22 out onto the underlying conveyor belt 51.
In order to make it possible to place a knife edge 22 at the desired location, regardless of the thickness dimensions present on pallets 1, the two outer holders 24 of the first disassembly station 20 each comprise a position sensor 26. The position sensors 26 have the normal insertion direction for pallets. 1 in the disassembly station 20 are directed pistons 27, which are arranged to come into contact with a current outer bottom board 5 when a pallet 1 is inserted in the first disassembly station 20 and to thereby be pushed in and emit a corresponding position signal. from the beginning of the robot 40 is inserted slightly obliquely, so that first one and only then the other position sensor 26 is activated, whereupon the pallet 1 is straightened against the above-mentioned stops 23 and height-adjusted by the robot 40 relative to the knives 21 so that they exactly should be able to separate a desired part on one of two possible levels. namely the joint between an outer bottom board 6 and a block 8 or the joint between a control board 9 and a block 8 on top of an outer bottom board 6. In this case it is of course possible to let the knives 21 work simultaneously to separate, for example, an outer bottom board 6 or separately, for example for separating an individual block 8 on top of an outer bottom board 6, the latter of course after an initial first cut at an outer bottom board 6 requiring a height movement by means of the robot 40 and then a second section also between said block 8 and the relevant control board 9.
All in all, it is understood that it is thus possible in the first disassembly station 20 along a first long side of an inserted pallet 1 to separate and thereby disassemble the outer bottom board 6 in question and / or one or more blocks 8 on top of this. Corresponding action for the second long side of the pallet 1 requires rotation of the pallet 180 degrees and then insertion of the second long side into the disassembly station 20.
The second and as shown preferably the upper disassembly station 30 comprises only two knives, a so-called first knife 31 and a so-called second knife 32. The knives 31, 32 are, as is clear from Fig. 4, arranged in a common, substantially horizontal plane and have their knife edges 33, 34 directed away from each other. The distance between the knives 31, 32 is in a starting position when a pallet lying is inserted in the second disassembly station 30 such that the knives 31, 32 can be inserted between the blocks 8 along an outer bottom board 6. There is also a fixed stop in the second disassembly station 30 35, 36 opposite each knife 31, 32. In addition, however, there is also a movable, third stop 37, which is slidable between the second knife 32 and its opposite fixed stop 36. The third stop 37 has a horizontal recess 38, each function described in more detail below.
In order to make it possible to place a knife edge 33, 34 at the desired location regardless of the existing thickness dimensions of pallets 1, the second disassembly station 30 also comprises two position sensors 39 of the type described above. The position sensors 39 have vertically directed pistons (not shown in more detail), which are arranged to work according to the method described above with a pallet 1 inserted obliquely from the beginning.
Reference is made in particular to Fig. 5, in which a pallet 1 is shown inserted in the second disassembly station 30 but without the robot 40, which according to the invention handles the actual handling of the pallet 1. In the disassembly station 30, the pallet 1 has apparently turned so that its bottom boards 6 lies at the top and the loading pallet 1 has then been pushed in between the fixed stop 35 and the movable, now extended stop 37. In the position shown, the knives 31, 32 can, depending on how far the loading pallet 1 is inserted into the disassembly statue 30 and depending on the selected long side and at the selected height level, separate either the outer control boards 9 from the outer blocks 8 over the central bottom board 6 or the outer control boards 9 from the deck boards 5. For separation of the outer deck boards 5 from the central control board 9, on the other hand, about moving the pallet 1, so that one of its short sleeves comes into abutment against the other fixed stop 36 and its central spacer 7 (block 8 o ch rule board 9) comes into abutment against the extended stop 37. In this case, the deck boards 5 of the pallet 1 run through the above-mentioned recess 38, which has thus been explained.
The second disassembly station 30 can also be used for disassembly of the central bottom board 6 and of the outer blocks 8 on this board. For such a measure, the load pallet 1 is first turned so that its deck boards 5 are turned upwards. Then the pallet is inserted corresponding to Fig. 5 between the fixed stop 35 and the movable stop 37, whereupon the knives 31, 32 are pushed in at the desired place. Separation of the central bottom board 6 from the central block 8 again requires a relocation of the pallet 1 as above, this time however, it is an outer bottom board 6 which runs through the recess 38.
It is understood that the device 10 according to the invention described above can be varied in different ways within the scope of the claims so that it optimally fits an intended type of pallet 1. It is also understood that it is suitable to computer control the entire disassembly process so that the robot 40, disassembly station the functions of the 20, 30 and the output unit 50 are combined in an efficient manner.
权利要求:
Claims (16)
[1]
Device (10) for disassembling selected parts of joined pallets (1), consisting of a deck layer (2), comprising parallel deck boards (5), which are arranged at given mutual distances, one parallel to the deck layer (2) bottom layer (3), which comprises parallel bottom boards (6), which are arranged at a given mutual distance, and an intermediate layer (4) arranged between the deck layer (2) and the bottom layer (3), which comprises spacers (7), which at a given mutual distance spacers are connected to the deck layer (2) and the bottom layer (3), which device (10) comprises a frame (11) carrying a first disassembly station (20), into which a pallet (1) is insertable, said first disassembly station (20) comprises at least one knife (21), which has an edge (22), which is drivable between a selected spacer (7) and the deck layer (2) at a selected outer deck board (5), in order to separate at the specified place the spacer (8) from the tire layer (2), or between a selected spacer means (8) and the bottom layer (3) at a selected outer bottom board (7), in order to separate the spacer means (8) from the bottom layer (3) at the specified location, characterized in that said stand (11) also carries a second disassembly station. (30), into which a pallet (1) is insertable, said second disassembly station (30) comprising at least one knife (31) having an edge (32) which can be driven in between a selected outer spacer (7) and the tire layer ( 2) at a selected central deck board (5) to separate at the specified place the spacer (7) from the deck layer (2) or between a selected spacer (7) and the bottom layer (3) at a central bottom board (7) to at the separate spacer (7) from the bottom layer (3), and that a multi-axis robot (40) is arranged for loading and unloading pallets (1) into and out of the device (10) and for positioning the pallets (1) in relation to the knives (21, 31) in the two disassembly stations (20, 30) of the device (1) .
[2]
Device (10) according to claim 1, wherein a stop (23) is arranged opposite the edge (22) of each knife (21) in the first disassembly station (20), said robot (40) being arranged to positioning a pallet (1) fix it to the stop (23) before driving in the edge (22) of the knife (21). 10 15 20 25 30 534 491 12
[3]
Device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number and location of the knives (21) in the first disassembly station (20) corresponds to the number and location of the spacers (7) along a bottom board (6), the knives (21) are individually controllable.
[4]
Device (10) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein a stop (35, 36) is arranged opposite the edge (33, 34) of each knife (31, 32) in the second disassembly station (30), said robot (40) being arranged, when positioning a pallet (1), to fix it against the stop (35, 36) before the edge (33, 34) of the knife (31, 32) is driven in.
[5]
Device (10) according to claim 4, wherein two knives (31, 32) are arranged in the second disassembly station (30), of which the first (31) has its edge (33) facing a first fixed stop (35). ) and of which the second (32) has its edge (34) facing in the opposite direction away from the first knife (31) towards a second fixed stop (36), the knives (31, 32) being individually controllable.
[6]
The device (10) of claim 5, wherein a third stop (37) is slidable between the second knife (32) and the second stop (36).
[7]
Device (10) according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein in the first and / or in the second disassembly station (20, 30) two position sensors (26, 39) are each arranged, in order to introduce a pallet (initially inclined) 1) in the station in question (20, 30) with a deck (5) or bottom board (6) facing towards first one and then the other position sensor (26, 39), followed by straightening of the pallet (1), enable determining the thickness of a deck (5) or bottom board (6) and thereby appropriately positioning it before the edge (22, 33, 34) of a knife (21, 31, 32) is driven in.
[8]
Device (10) according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein said stand (11) also carries said robot (40). 10 15 20 25 30 534 491 13
[9]
Device (10) according to any one of claims 1-8, in which the disassembly stations (20, 30) are arranged one above the other and open at least downwards.
[10]
The device (10) of claim 9, wherein the second disassembly station (30) is located at the top,
[11]
Device (10) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said robot (40) is located opposite the disassembly stations (20, 30).
[12]
Device (10) according to any one of claims 9-11, in which a discharge unit (50) for discharging separated parts from the device (10) is arranged below the disassembly stations (20, 30).
[13]
Device (10) according to claim 12, wherein said stand (11) also supports the dispensing unit (50).
[14]
A device (10) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the discharge unit (50) comprises a conveyor belt (51) extending away from said robot (40).
[15]
Device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, which device (10) is intended specifically for dismantling selected parts of joined pallets (1) of European type, i.e. pallets having a tire layer (2), which between two outer deck boards (5) have at least one central deck board (5), a bottom layer (3), which between two outer bottom boards (6) has a central bottom board (6), and an intermediate layer (4), the spacer (7) of which consists of partly nine blocks (8), which are arranged one at each end of the bottom boards (6) and one centrally on each bottom board (6), and partly of three parallel rule boards (9), which extend across the deck boards (4) and are arranged directly below these over said blocks (8) centrally on and at the ends of the bottom boards (6), the edge (22) of the at least one knife (21) of the first disassembly member (20) being drivable between a selected block (8) and the control board (9) at a selected outer deck board (5), in order to separate the block (8) f at the specified place rob the rule board (9), or between a selected block (8) and a selected outer bottom board (6), in order to separate the block (8) from the bottom board (6) at the specified place, and wherein the edge (33 , 34) at the at least one knife (31, 32) of the second disassembly station (30) is drivable between a selected outer control board (9) and a selected deck board (5) in order to separate the control board (9) from the deck board at the specified location. (5), between a selected block (8) and the central bottom board (6) to separate the block (8) from the bottom board (3) at the specified location or between a selected outer rule board (9) and a block (8) above the central bottom board (6) to separate the block (8) from the rule board (9) at the specified location.
[16]
Device (10) according to claim 15, in which in the first and / or in the second disassembly station (20, 30) two position sensors (26, 39) are arranged, for introducing a pallet (1) at an initial oblique angle. in the station (20, 30) in question with a deck (5) or bottom board (6) facing towards first one and then the other position sensor (26, 39), followed by straightening of the pallet (1), enabling determination of the thickness of a deck (5), rule (9) or bottom board (6) and thus suitable positioning thereof before the edge (22, 33, 34) of a knife (21, 31, 32) is driven in.
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法律状态:
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
SE1051215A|SE1051215A1|2010-11-19|2010-11-19|Device for dismantling selected parts of joined pallets|SE1051215A| SE1051215A1|2010-11-19|2010-11-19|Device for dismantling selected parts of joined pallets|
TR2019/04730T| TR201904730T4|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Device for dismantling selected parts of combined pallets.|
US13/988,165| US9339902B2|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Device for dismantling of chosen parts of assembled pallets|
PCT/SE2011/051386| WO2012067581A1|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Device for dismantling of chosen parts of assembled pallets|
ES11841584T| ES2716855T3|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Device for the disassembly of selected parts of assembled pallets|
PL11841584T| PL2640550T3|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Device for dismantling of chosen parts of assembled pallets|
EP11841584.3A| EP2640550B1|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Device for dismantling of chosen parts of assembled pallets|
ZA2013/03507A| ZA201303507B|2010-11-19|2013-05-14|Device for dismantling of chosen parts of assembled pallets|
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