瑞典专利SE533907C2 Procedure for classification of fuels in direct-injection internal combustion engines

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专利摘要:

公开号:SE533907C2
申请号:SE0802206
申请日:2008-10-16
公开日:2011-03-01
发明作者:Stefan Zimmermann
申请人:Bosch Gmbh Robert；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

533 807 Alternative fuels have different properties than ordinary fuels. In addition, the various common diesel fuels that are available on the market all over the world also differ in the chemical composition and thus in the respective properties, in particular the combustion properties. The spectrum of different fuels, in particular diesel fuel, differs, for example, in octane and cetane numbers, calorific value, lubricity, fuel density and in other specific calorific values. Due to the density and the specific heat difference, in order to achieve comparable engine torques and the same speed, an extra amount may be required in the operation of an internal combustion engine. These changes in the injection amount can, for example, lead to a higher exhaust temperature and / or to the injection jet hitting the cylinder wall / combustion pit of the piston and so on, so that damage to the engine components or changes in the exhaust values can occur. Overall, the vehicle engine application is not optimally matched in terms of emissions, consumption, noise and driving characteristics when using alternative fuels or when using ordinary fuels with alternative mixtures or with an unusual chemical composition.
There is a need to be able to use alternative or synthetic or biogenic diesel fuels or mineral diesel fuels with an unusual chemical composition without restriction. It is therefore necessary to classify or identify the fuels used in an internal combustion engine, in order to be able to optimally set the control of the engine, in particular the electronic matrix control, or the fuel used. An optimal adaptation ensures, among other things, the engine protection and the function of the exhaust gas treatment.
In Otto engines, knock sensors are already used to determine the octane number.
This enables an adaptation of the ignition matrix to the fuel used. With the aid of a knock sensor, it is possible to obtain information about the dry burning process for the fuel in the cylinder, by measuring the cylinder pressure and analyzing the carcass sound in the cylinder wall. The effort for signal evaluation when using a knock sensor in diesel engines is admittedly much more demanding 533 90 than for otto engines, whereby the use of knock sensors in this context for diesel engines is not possible without further ado.
One approach uses the measurement of the dielectric constant e of the fuel, for example to separate rapeseed methyl ester (biodiesel) and diesel fuel from each other. This is possible, for example, with a sensor, which registers the methyl ester content of the fuel. A disadvantage here is above all that the measurement of the methyl ester content cannot be used for the detection of other alternative fuels, since the dielectric constant a of other alternative fuels does not differ significantly from the dielectric constant s of the diesel fuel. In addition, additional engine sensors are required, which increases system costs.
U.S. Patent 6,644,097 B2 discloses a process for separating gasoline and ethanol as fuel in otto engines. The method uses the lambda probe which is usually arranged in the exhaust system for determining the oxygen content. Since the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gases depends on the combustion fuel, it is possible to infer from the oxygen sensor signal to the fuel type. An ordinary lambda probe is used. The probe measures a voltage profile that is affected by the oxygen content in the exhaust gases. The voltage in turn reflects the air parameter lambda and indicates fat and lean air-fuel conditions in the fuel. Fatty air-fuel mixtures are represented by a range of lambda <l and lean lu ﬁ fuel mixtures with a lambda> l. From the relationship between these ranges it is possible to infer the fuels gasoline or ethanol or mixtures thereof. The prerequisite for this method is that the dry-burning engine is operated with a stoichiometric pre-burning ratio of air and fuel, i.e. that a regulation after lambda = 1 takes place. However, direct-injection internal combustion engines, and in particular diesel or diesel engines, operate in leaner areas of the air-fuel mixture (lambda> 1). Thus, the process described in US 6,644,097 B2 is not intended for diesel engines or transferable to diesel engines. 533 90 The object of the invention is to provide a process for classifying fuels, which is intended for direct-injection internal combustion engines and in particular for diesel internal combustion engines. The procedure must be able to make reliable statements about the class of fuel used, in order to be able to adapt the regulation of the engine or engine accordingly. In addition, the use of extra sensors must be avoided as far as possible, so as not to increase system costs to any significant degree.
Summary of the invention Advantages of the invention The method according to the invention for classifying fuels in direct-injection internal combustion engines uses at least one oxygen sensor element for determining the air parameter in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion and solves the task by at least characteristic quantity and with the aid of this measured lu ﬁ parameter from a predetermined functional context characteristic of this engine operating point, a conclusion can be drawn regarding the fuel class and the air parameter for the fuel class. With the method according to the invention, the fuel used can be identified or classified and, in an advantageous manner, the control of the internal combustion engine is divided according to the corresponding fuel. In this case, the existing sensor technology of the motor is used in a very advantageous manner, so that substantially no additional costs arise.
Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims. Additional requirements relate to a computer program and a computer program product with program code, respectively, which is intended for carrying out the method according to the invention. 533 907 An essential point of the method according to the invention is that the lu ﬁ parameter is measured for an engine torque point, the characteristic quantities for this engine operating point having a bearing on the further evaluation. The basis for this is that when using different fuels or fuel classes, different oxygen concentrations or sensor signals are measurable for the same engine operating point. The fuels to be classified thus cause a specific sensor signal for a specific engine torque ﬁ point.
This is utilized according to the invention, in that the air parameter is assembled in a functional context with the fuel class, taking into account the quantities characteristic of the engine three-point. Thus, the relationship between air parameter and engine torque is determined for the individual fuels to be classified and introduced in the procedure. When registering the quantities characteristic of the engine operating point and the measurement of the air parameters in each engine operating point, a conclusion can be drawn regarding fuel class, fuel type or fuel quality by comparison with the predetermined functional relationship between fuel class and air parameters for a specific engine operating point.
In the process, the functional relationship between fuel class and air parameters, which characterize the engine operating point, is represented by a characteristic matrix. That is, characteristic matrices are prepared for different fuels to be classified, which show the connection between lu ﬁ parameters and one or ﬂ your quantities that characterize the engine torque ﬁ point. The term characteristic matrix also includes characteristic curves, which represent the relationship between two physical quantities, in particular the air parameter in dependence on a quantity characteristic of the engine turning point. The characteristic curve or the characteristic matrix can, for example, be stored as a table, whereby advantageous interpolation can take place between the table values.
Or, during the procedure, the functional relationship between the fuel class and the lu ﬁ parameter is determined taking into account the quantity or quantities characteristic of the engine operating parameter. That is, analytical functions are used for each particular fuel, which reflects the relationship between air parameters. and the quantity or quantities which characterize the engine operating point. For the preparation of the analytical functions, empirically determined characteristic curves or characteristic matrices can be approximated to mathematical functions by means of a return to the function graphs. By using the measured air parameter on the analytical function for different fuels, a mathematical equalization can take place in order to be able to draw a conclusion regarding the fuel class.
In a particularly advantageous manner, a continuous oxygen probe is used for the method according to the invention as a oxygen sensor element. Broadband probes are preferably used. Such continuous oxygen probes are commonly used for exhaust gas analysis in direct injection combustion engines, in particular in diesel dry combustion engines. Since the continuous oxygen probes used for the process according to the invention already exist in such internal combustion engines, for example diesel engines, such costs are avoided in a very advantageous manner that would otherwise be associated with the installation of additional sensor elements.
The characteristic matrix or the characteristic curve or the mathematically determined functional context can be designed in such a way that specific permissible lambda areas or areas for the lu ﬁ parameter are de ﬁ nied for each fuel class. If the measured lambda value is within the permissible value range for a specific fuel, for example diesel fuel, it is identified that the combustion fuel is, for example, a diesel fuel. If the measured lambda value is outside the permissible value for the diesel fuel, the measured value is compared with a permissible value range for another fuel, for example biodiesel fuel. In this way, by comparison with, for example, different characteristic curves, characteristic matrices or analytical functions for each fuel class, the combusted fuel can be classified or identified.
According to the invention, it is possible with the described method to classify and identify a number of different fuels. These are primarily fossil, biogenic and / or synthetically produced diesel fuels or fuel mixtures. For 533 90 each of these fuels must determine in advance the functional relationship between the fuel or fuel class and the lu ﬁ parameters depending on one or ﬂ era characteristic of the engine operating point. This can be done, for example, by determining corresponding characteristic curves, characteristic matrices and / or analytical functions. These ﬁ functional connections are preferably stored, in particular in a memory, which can be part of a motor controller, so that they are always available when needed. Advantageously, the quantities which in any case registered the motor operating point which characterizes the motor operating point can be used, in particular the motor speed, the motor torque and / or the amount of injection. According to the invention, however, other quantities characteristic of the engine point can also be registered, which the person skilled in the art can conclude.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least one further sensor element is used for measuring a different exhaust gas value and / or other signals for the method. This additional exhaust gas value or this additional signal is evaluated as a characteristic quantity for the engine operating point. In particular, this exhaust value or this additional signal serves to describe the engine operating point for the functional connection between the fuel class and the air parameter. This can, for example, in the form of a characteristic curve, a characteristic matrix or an analytical function as described above exert an effect on the method according to the invention. This exhaust value or the additional signal can be regarded as individual quantities for core drawing of the engine operating order or particularly advantageously according to the invention can be considered in combination with additional core drawing quantities.
In the particularly preferred embodiments, sensors for measuring, for example, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, in particular carbon monoxide, and / or the exhaust gas temperature can be arranged as additional sensor elements. The use of additional sensor elements or the registration of additional exhaust gas values and their evaluation in the procedure according to the invention has the advantage that in this way the engine torque can possibly be registered more accurately and more reliably, so that with the procedure according to 533 90 In this case, more reliable statements can be made regarding the classification of fuels. Whether this is meaningful and necessary in the individual case depends on the specific case of use and is obvious to the person skilled in the art.
When evaluating additional exhaust gas values or additional signals in the method according to the invention, existing sensor elements of the system are preferably used in order to advantageously avoid additional costs.
The invention further comprises a computer program which performs the described steps of the method, when run in a computer or in a controller. Finally, the invention comprises a computer program product with program code, which is stored in a machine-readable memory, for carrying out the described procedure, when the program is executed in a computer or in a control device. In a particularly advantageous manner, the computer programs or computer program products according to the invention will be used for performance of vehicles, in particular diesel vehicles, in order to be able to classify spent fuels and thus to be able to set the appropriate parameters for operation with corresponding fuel and use displacement of motom.
Brief description of the drawings Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description, from which further features and advantages of the invention appear.
In the drawing: Figure 1 schematically shows a fate diagram for fuel identification with an oxygen probe according to the invention method, Figure 2 shows the signal sequence for an oxygen probe in motor fuel with diesel fuel and with rapeseed methyl ester at comparable engine operating points.
Description of exemplary embodiment 533 307 Figure 1 shows a schematic course of the process for classifying fuel in direct-injection dry-burning engines. The diagram shows a characteristic matrix 1, which represents the relationship between air parameters and engine operating point for a specific fuel.
In other embodiments, this relationship may be represented, for example, by a two- or four-dimensional Greek representation, as a table, as a matrix, or as an analytical function. The characteristic matrix 1 is characteristic of a specific fuel.
Corresponding characteristic matrices for additional fuels are shown as examples by means of the characteristic matrix 6. In these characteristic matrices one or two quantities, which characterize the engine operating power, influence. This can be, for example, the engine speed, the torque, the amount of injection and / or additional exhaust sensor signals, such as nitric oxide or carbon monoxide.
Preferably, the characteristic matrices 1, 6 are stored in stored form, for example on a memory medium or on an electronic data carrier. This may, for example, involve corresponding circuit units in, for example, a control device.
The measured value 2 for the air parameter lambda current for a registered motor torque point is compared with an air parameter in the characteristic matrix 1. This takes place in a comparator 3, to one input of which the measured lu 2 parameter 2 is fed and to whose other input the lu ﬁ obtained from the characteristic matrix 1 is fed. , which represents the current motor operating point. Ordinary oxygen sensors, in particular lambda probes, can be used as oxygen sensor elements for determining the lu ﬁ parameter. In a particularly advantageous manner, continuous oxygen probes are used, in particular broadband lambda probes. Broadband lambda probes are commonly used in diesel vehicles or in low-power otto engines.
If the comparison in the comparator 3 between the measured air parameter 2 and the luﬂ parameter from the characteristic matrix 1 is positive, a corresponding signal 5 is generated in the circuit element 4. The signal 5 passes on the information that a certain fuel has been identified. Should the comparison in comparator 3 be negative, continued via 533 S0 the circuit element 4 the measured value 2 of the lu parameter to a further comparator 7. In the comparator 7 a further comparison of the value 2 of the air parameter takes place with an air parameter which has been taken from another characteristic matrix 6. The characteristic matrix 6 is characteristic of a further fuel. In a further circuit element 8, the transmission of a signal 9 takes place, in which case, in the comparison, a correspondence between the measured value 2 of the lu ﬁ parameter and the characteristic matrix 6 is determined. In this case, the corresponding driñ parameter can be set for the determined fuel. Should the comparator 7 not be found to match, the measured value 2 of the air parameter is fed via the circuit element 8 to an additional comparator, which is not shown in more detail here. This successive comparison with different characteristic matrices, which are characteristic of the fuel to be identified, continues until a characteristic matrix has existed, which fits together with the current measured value 2.
The process of comparing the measured lu ﬁ parameter with the different characteristic matrices, which represent the relationship between air parameter and engine operating point with different fuels, as shown in Figure 1, can advantageously take place in parallel in further embodiments. Corresponding devices for successive or parallel data comparison can be realized by means of ordinary circuits or in a particularly preferred manner by means of corresponding computer programs in controllers or the like.
If a corresponding relationship or characteristic matrix or analytical function has existed which has produced a positive comparison with the measured value of the air parameters, according to the invention a conclusion can be drawn regarding the fuel, fuel class or a fuel quality for which the corresponding relationship is characteristic.
With this information, the corresponding parameters can be set for driving the engine, which are suitable or optimal for the determined fuel, fuel class or fuel quality. For example, various elements, such as injection valves or injectors, which can affect the operation of the engine, can be controlled accordingly. For the parameters, it can for example be the so-called EDC (Electronic Diesel Contro) parameter. EDC parameters are typically used for 533,907 ll electronic characteristic control of diesel engines. According to the invention, it is advantageously arranged in such a way that for the different fuel classes or fuel qualities that can be determined or identified with the method according to the invention, various parameters are saved for controlling the internal combustion engine, for example in the vehicle in particular in a control device. Thus, the electronic control can be set to the specific properties of each fuel, such as biodiesel, Sun or Syn-Fuels (BTL, GTL).
The invention thus enables the oxygen sensor signal to be used at any engine operating point, in order to connect to the fuel and set suitable operating parameters by comparing the functional relationship between a fuel or a fuel class and the air parameter for a specific engine torque. The recovery is not limited to use for diesel fuel engines. Rather, it is advantageously also useful for otto engines, which are powered by lean air-fuel mixture.
In a particularly advantageous manner, additional signals act as input quantities for the production of characteristic matrices 1, 6 for specific fuel classes or fuel qualities. For example, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide or the exhaust gas temperature can be considered as additional exhaust gas values. This can increase the accuracy of the reliability of the classification of fuels.
Fuel classes refer to different fuels, such as diesel fuel, biodiesel (rapeseed methyl ester), Sun-Fuel or Sun-Fuel. In addition, a fuel class also refers to different qualities or mixtures of fuels, for example diesel fuel on a fossil basis, which have been mixed with different proportions of biogenic and / or synthetically produced diesel fuels. The process according to the invention can be set in such a way that, for example, it classifies exclusively between ordinary diesel fuels and biodiesel (rapeseed methyl ester). On the other hand, it can also advantageously identify other alternative diesel fuels or even separate different mixtures from each other. In accordance with these specifications, the relationships between air parameters and engine ﬁ point or, for example, the corresponding characteristic matrix or analytical function 533 907 12 are prepared for the fuel to be classified. Depending on the number and similarity between the fuels to be classified, it may be advantageous to introduce different quantities for the engine three points in this connection, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the classification or identification procedure.
Figure 2 shows an example of carrying out the method according to the invention for classifying fuels in direct-injection internal combustion engines, where in Figure 2 the difference between the fuel diesel and 100% rapeseed methyl ester is shown by measuring the lambda probe signal at equal engine torque. The oxygen signal from a lambda probe over time in real engine drive ﬁ with diesel fuel ll and with 100% rapeseed methyl ester 12 reflects the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gases and the air parameter lambda, respectively. As quantities which characterize the motor operating point, the motor torque MD and the speed N are shown here. The oxygen signal 1 1, 12 is at certain three points characteristic of the type of fuel used. From these characteristic processes of the oxygen sensor signal at certain engine speeds, it is possible to infer the spent fuel. In this case, it can thus be concluded in a signal sequence 11 that it is a diesel fuel and in signal sequence 12 that the fuel is rapeseed methyl ester. According to the invention, with this information the corresponding parameter, in particular the corresponding electronic parameter, can be set for dri ﬁ with diesel fuel and for dri ﬁ with rapeseed methyl ester as biodiesel.
The described method can, for example, be integrated and run as a computer program in a computer, in particular in a control device for a diesel vehicle. The program code can be stored on a machine-readable memory, which can be read by a controller. In this motto, the procedure can also be built in afterwards, since additional sensors in addition to the oxygen sensor present in any case, in particular the lambda probe, are generally not required.

权利要求:
Claims (4)
[1]
A method for classifying fuels in direct-injection internal combustion engines, in particular in diesel internal combustion engines, wherein the current lambda parameter (2) in the combustion engine exhaust is measured with an oxygen sensor element, characterized in that - as a oxygen sensor element, in particular a broadband probe; - your characteristic matrices (1, 6) or analytical functions are determined and saved in advance, which, for a given fuel class, represent the relationship between lu ﬂ parameters and with these associated engine ﬁ pointsï - during operation of the internal combustion engine, current air parameters (2) are measured with associated quantities a prevailing motor drive point; from the predetermined characteristic matrices (1, 6) or analytical functions, only the lu ﬁ parameter corresponding to the current engine operating point is read and only this read air parameter is compared, successively or in parallel, with the currently measured lu ﬁ parameter (2) and, - from the comparison result, by comparison with the associated characteristic matrix or the associated analytical function, a conclusion is drawn about the fuel class.
[2]
Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuels in question are fossil, biogenic and / or synthetically produced diesel fuels or fuel mixtures.
[3]
Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one engine operating point characteristic quantities are engine speed, engine torque and / or injection quantity.
[4]
Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further sensor element is used for measuring a second exhaust gas value 533 90 14 and / or other signals are used and this second exhaust value and / or this second signal are evaluated as characteristic quantities for the engine operating point. . Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that additional sensor elements are provided for measuring nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and / or exhaust gas temperature. . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with the result of the classification, the control of the internal combustion engine is set on the classified fuel. . Computer program, which performs all the steps of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, when it is run in a computer or in a controller. . Computer program product with program code, stored in a machine readable memory, for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, when the program is executed in a computer or in a controller.

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同族专利:

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引用文献:

公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

US6644097B2|1999-04-19|2003-11-11|Ford Global Technologies, Llc|Method and apparatus for inferring fuel mixture|

IT1311435B1|1999-12-17|2002-03-12|Magneti Marelli Spa|METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE STECHIOMETRIC RATIO OF THE FUEL FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM.|

DE10327978A1|2003-06-23|2005-01-20|Volkswagen Ag|Process for determining the quality of a fuel combusted in an IC engine of a vehicle comprises using a calculating device which is arranged in the vehicle|

DE102005040551B4|2005-08-26|2009-01-29|Continental Automotive Gmbh|Method for determining a proportion of biodiesel in the fuel of a diesel internal combustion engine|

EP1775584A3|2005-10-11|2011-09-14|Continental Automotive GmbH|Method for detecting the quality of fuel for internal combustion engines|DE102010008289A1|2010-02-17|2011-08-18|FEV Motorentechnik GmbH, 52078|Method for operating an internal combustion engine with two different fuels|

DE102011008985A1|2011-01-20|2012-07-26|GM Global Technology Operations LLC |Method for determining additive portion, particularly ethanol portion, in fuel mixture for internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, involves determining non-stoichiometric mode of operation of internal combustion engine|

DE102011010508B4|2011-02-07|2016-10-27|Audi Ag|Method and device for detecting the quality of fuel in a fuel tank of an internal combustion engine|

DE102018202816A1|2018-02-26|2019-08-29|Continental Automotive Gmbh|Method for operating an internal combustion engine|

法律状态:
2018-05-29| NUG| Patent has lapsed|

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

DE102007050122A|DE102007050122A1|2007-10-19|2007-10-19|Fuel e.g. fossil, classifying method for diesel combustion engine, involves measuring air ratio in operating point during detection of size of point, which is concluded by using measured air ratio from connection of class and ratio of class|

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