• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Provided is an alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy containing an iron-based powder as a main component that is capable of achieving both high strength and high toughness in a sintered body using the same. In the alloy steel powder, the iron-based powder contains a reduced powder, and Mo content with respect to a total amount of the alloy steel powder is 0.2 mass% to 1.5 mass%, Cu powder content with respect to a total amount of the alloy steel powder is 0.5 mass% to 4.0 mass% and graphite powder content with respect to a total amount of the alloy steel powder is 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass%.
    公开号:SE1551574A1
    申请号:SE1551574
    申请日:2014-04-25
    公开日:2015-12-02
    发明作者:Toshio Maetani；Shigeru Unami
    申请人:Jfe Steel Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [1] [0001] This disclosure relates to an alloy steel powder for powder metallurgypreferably used in powder metallurgical techniques, and particularly, it aimsat improving strength and toughness of a sintered material using such alloysteel powder.
    [2] [0002] Powder enable with complicated shapes in shapes extremely close to product shapes (so-called metallurgical techniques producing partsnear net shapes) with high dimensional accuracy, and therefore machiningcosts can be significantly reduced. For this reason, powder metallurgicalproducts are used as Various mechanical structures and parts thereof in manyfields.
    [3] [0003] Generally, an iron-based powder green compact for powder metallurgywhich is a former stage of an iron-based sintered body is produced by addingto an iron-based powder, an alloying powder such as copper powder andgraphite powder, and a lubricant such as stearic acid and zinc stearate toobtain an iron-based mixed powder, injecting said powder into a die andperforming pressing. Based on the components, iron-based powders arecategorized into iron powder (e.g. pure iron powder and the like), alloy steelpowder, and the like. Further, when categorized by production method,iron-based powders are categorized into atomized iron powder, reduced ironpowder, and the like. Within these categories, the term “iron powder” is used with a broad meaning encompassing alloy steel powder.
    [4] [0004] The density of an iron-based powder green compact for powdermetallurgy which is obtained in a general powder metallurgy process isnormally around 6.8 Mg/m3 to 7.3 Mg/m3. The obtained iron-based powdergreen compact is then sintered to form an iron-based sintered body which inturn is further subjected to optional sizing, cutting work or the like to form apowder metallurgical product. Further, when an even higher strength isrequired, carburizing heat treatment or bright heat treatment may beperformed after sintering.
    [5] [0005] Conventionally known powders with an alloying element addedthereto at the stage of precursor powder include (l) mixed powder obtained byadding each alloying element powder to pure iron powder, (2) pre-alloyedsteel powder obtained by completely alloying each element, (3) diffusionallyadhered alloy steel powder obtained by partially diffusing each alloyingelement powder on the surface of pure iron powder or pre-alloyed steelpowder, and the like.
    [6] [0006] The mixed powder (l) obtained by adding each alloying elementpowder to pure iron powder is advantageous in that high compressibilityequivalent to that of pure iron powder can be obtained. However, the largesegregation of each alloying element powder would cause a large Variation incharacteristics. Further, since the alloying elements do not sufficientlydiffuse in Fe, the microstructure would remain non-uniform and the matrixwould not be strengthened efficiently.
    [7] [0007] Further, the pre-alloyed steel powder (2) obtained by completelyalloying each element is produced by atomizing molten steel, and although thematrix is strengthened by a uniform microstructure, a decrease incompressibility is caused by the action of solid solution hardening.
    [8] [0008] Further, the diffusionally adhered alloy steel powder (3) is producedby adding metal powders of each element to pure iron powder or pre-alloyedsteel powder, heating the resultant powder in a non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere, and partially diffusion bonding each metal powder on the Po140742-PcT-zz (2/17) surfaces of the pure iron powder or the pre-alloyed steel powder, andadvantages of the iron-based mixed powder (1) and the pre-alloyed steelpowder (2) can be combined.
    [9] [0009] As described above, high alloying is one method to enhance strengthand toughness of a powder metallurgical product. However, with highalloying, the alloy steel powder which becomes the material hardens todecrease compressibility and increases the burden regarding equipment inpressing. Further, the decrease in compressibility of the alloy steel powdercancels the increase in strength through a decrease in density of the sinteredbody. metallurgical products, a technique is required for increasing the strength of Therefore, in order to increase the strength and toughness of powder the sintered body while minimizing the decrease in compressibility.
    [10] [0010] As a technique for increasing the strength of the sintered body whilemaintaining compressibility such as mentioned above, a technique of addingto the iron-based powder, alloying elements such as Ni, Cu, Mo and the likewhich improve hardenability, is commonly used. As an element that iseffective for this purpose, for example, PTL1 (JPS6366362B) discloses atechnique of adding Mo as a pre-alloyed element to the iron powder in a rangethat would not deteriorate compressibility (Mo: 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass%), anddiffusionally adhering, to the particle surfaces of the resultant iron powder,powders of Cu and Ni to achieve both compressibility at the time of greencompacting and strength of members after sintering.
    [11] [0011] Further, PTL2 (JPS61130401A) proposes an alloy steel powder forpowder metallurgy for a high strength sintered body obtained by diffusionallyadhering, to the steel powder surface, two or more kinds of alloying elements,in particular Mo and Ni, or Cu in addition to said elements.
    [12] [0012] On the other hand, Mo based alloy steel powder containing Mo as amain alloying element and not containing Ni or Cu has been proposed. Forexample, in PTL3 (JPH0689365B), an alloy steel powder containing Mowhich is a ferrite-stabilizing element as a pre-alloy in a range of 1.5 mass% to20 mass% is proposed to accelerate sintering by forming an ot single phase ofFe having a rapid self diffusion rate. It is disclosed that, with this alloy steelpowder, a sintered body with high density is obtained by applying particlesize distribution and the like in the process referred to as pressure sintering,and a uniform and stable microstructure is obtained by not employing adiffusionally adhered alloying element.
    [13] [0013] Similarly, PTL4 (JP2002146403A) discloses a technique regarding analloy steel powder for powder metallurgy containing Mo as a main alloyingelement. This technique proposes an alloy steel powder obtained bydiffusionally adhering 0.2 mass% to 10.0 mass% of Mo on the surface of theiron-based powder containing, as a pre-alloy, 1.0 mass% or less of Mn, or lessthan 0.2 mass% of Mo. It is disclosed that, atomized iron powder or reducediron powder may be used as the iron-based powder, and that the mean particlesize is preferably 30 um to 120 um. Further, it is disclosed that the alloysteel powder not only has excellent compressibility but also enables obtaining sintered parts having high density and high strength.
    [14] [0014] PTL 1: JPS6366362BPTL 2: JPS61130401APTL 3: JPH0689365BPTL 4: JP2002146403A SUMMARY(Technical Problem)[0015] However, with the techniques disclosed in PTL1 and PTL2, since the Po140742-PcT-zz (4/17) diffusion at the time of sintering of Ni is slow, sintering for a long period isrequired for sufficiently diffusing Ni in iron powder or steel powder.
    [16] [0016] Further, with the technique disclosed in PTL3, since Mo is added in arelatively large amount of 1.8 mass% or more and the compressibility is low,high forming density cannot be obtained. Therefore, when a normalsintering process (single sintering with no pressurization) is applied, onlysintered parts having low sintered density can be obtained, and sufficientstrength and toughness cannot be obtained.
    [17] [0017] Further, the technique disclosed in PTL4 is applied to a powdermetallurgy process comprising re-compression and re-sintering ofthe sintered body. effect could not sufficiently be achieved.
    [18] [0018] It could therefore be helpful to provide an alloy steel powder forpowder metallurgy that enables achieving both high strength and hightoughness of the sintered body using the alloy steel powder, together with a method of producing an iron-based sintered body using the alloy steel powder.
    [19] [0019] To achieve the above object, we made intensive studies regarding thealloy components ofthe iron-based powder and the adding means thereof, anddiscovered the following.
    [24] [0024] Our methods and components will be described in detail below.
    [26] [0026] In addition, with the alloy steel powder for powder metallurgydescribed herein, Mo concentrates in the pore surrounding part of the sinteredbody, and combined with the acceleration of sintering caused by Cu, the poresurrounding part is further strengthened. Further, at the same time, since Mois low in the matrix part, carbide is less likely generated compared to thesintered neck part. Therefore, a microstructure with high toughnessthroughout the whole microstructure is obtained.
    [28] [0028] Further, atomized iron powder and the like may be added to thereduced iron powder in a range that would not deteriorate the strength or thetoughness of the sintered body. Specifically, if the reduced iron powderaccounts for 80 % or more ofthe iron-based powder, it would suffice. Morepreferably, the reduced iron powder is 90 % or more ofthe iron-based powder.[0029] Reduced iron powders with a maximum particle size of less than 180um which is commonly used for powder metallurgy can be used in thedisclosure. In other words, powders that passed through a sieve with anaperture diameter of 180 um defined by JIS Z 8801 may be used.
    [30] [0030] Further, the oxygen content of the reduced iron powder used in thedisclosure is 0.3 % or less, preferably 0.25 % or less, and more preferably 0.2% or less. This is because lower oxygen content ofthe reduced iron powderresults in better compressibility, accelerates sintering and enables obtaininghigh strength and high toughness. Further, although the lower limit Value ofthe oxygen content ofthe reduced iron powder is not particularly limited, it ispreferably around 0.1 %.
    [31] [0031] Meanwhile, as the Mo material powder, the desired Mo materialpowder itself may be used, or an Mo compound that can be reduced to Momaterial powder can be used. The mean particle size of the Mo materialpowder is 50 um or less, and preferably 20 um or less. The mean particlesize refers to the median size (so-called d50).
    [32] [0032] As the Mo-containing powder, Mo alloy powders including pure metal Po140742-PcT-zz (s/17) powder of Mo, oxidized Mo powder, Fe-Mo (ferromolybdenum) powder andthe like are advantageously applied. Further, as an Mo compound, Mocarbide, Mo sulfide, Mo nitride and the like are preferable.
    [33] [0033] In the disclosure, the Mo-containing powder is preferably adhereduniformly to the surface ofthe iron-based powder. If not adhered uniformly,Mo-containing powder tends to come off from the surface of the iron-basedpowder in situations such as when grinding the alloy steel powder for powdermetallurgy after adhering treatment, or during transportation thereof, andtherefore Mo-containing powder in a free state increases particularly easily.When pressing an alloy steel powder in such state and sintering the resultantgreen compact, the dispersion state of carbide tends to segregate.
    [34] [0034] Mo content to be diffusionally adhered is 0.2 % to 1.5 %. If saidcontent falls under 0.2 %, both the hardenability improving effect and thestrength improving effect are reduced. On the other hand, if said contentexceeds 1.5 %, the hardenability improving effect reaches a plateau, andcauses an increase in the non-uniformity of the microstructure ofthe sinteredbody, and high strength and toughness cannot be obtained. Therefore, theMo content to be diffusionally adhered is 0.2 % to 1.5 %.the range of 0.3 % to 1.0 %.
    [35] [0035] Further, 0.5 % to 4.0 % of Cu powder and 0.1 % to 1.0 % of graphite powder are added and mixed to the alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy It is preferably in described herein.
    [36] [0036] Cu is a useful element that exhibits solid solution strengthening andimproving effect of hardenability of the iron-based powder to enhance thestrength of sintered parts. Further, Cu powder melts into a liquid phase atthe time of sintering, and has an effect of fixing particles of iron-basedpowder to one another.
    [37] [0037] C which is a main component of graphite powder is a useful elementthat dissolves in iron at the time of sintering, and exhibits solid solutionstrengthening and improving effect of hardenability to enhance the strength ofsintered parts. In a case where carburizing heat treatment or the like isperformed after sintering and the sintered body is carburized from the outside,the amount of graphite powder added may be small. However, if it is lessthan 0.1 %, the above mentioned effect cannot be obtained. Graphite powderwill also be added when carburizing heat treatment is not performed aftersintering. However, if the amount added exceeds l.0 %, the sintered bodybecomes hypereutectoid, and cementite is precipitated and causes a decreasein strength. Therefore, graphite powder is limited to a range of 0.1 % to l.0%. The mean particle size of graphite powder is preferably around 50 um orless.
    [38] [0038] The balance of alloy steel powders is iron and impurities. Examples ofimpurities contained in the alloy steel powder include C, O, N, S, and the like.However, as long as these components are each limited to C: 0.02 % or less,O: 0.3 % or less, N: 0.004 % or less, and S: 0.03 % or less, there is noThis is particular problem. In particular, O is preferably 0.25 % or less. because if the amount of impurities exceeds the above ranges, thecompressibility of the alloy steel powder decreases, and it becomes difficultto perform compression molding to form a preformed body having a sufficientdensity.
    [39] [0039] Next, the method of producing an alloy steel powder for powdermetallurgy described herein will be explained.
    [40] [0040] Then, the above iron-based powder and Mo material powder are mixedin the above mentioned ratio (Mo content being 0.2 % to 1.5 % with respect toalloy steel powder for powder metallurgy). The mixing method is notparticularly limited, and a Henschel mixer, a cone mixer or the like may beused in performing the method.
    [41] [0041] Further, by maintaining the mixture at a high temperature, diffusingand bonding Mo to steel in the contact surface of the iron-based powder andthe Mo material powder, and then adding Cu powder and graphite powder, analloy steel powder for powder metallurgy described herein is obtained.
    [42] [0042] When heat treatment i.e. diffusion-bonding treatment is performed asmentioned above, the iron-based powder and the Mo-containing powder arenormally in the state where they are sintered and agglomerated. Therefore,they are ground and classified into desired particle sizes. Further, annealingmay optionally be performed. The particle size ofthe alloy steel powder forpowder metallurgy is preferably 180 um or less.
    [43] [0043] In this disclosure, additives for improving characteristics may beadded in accordance with the purpose. For example, Ni powder may beadded as necessary for the purpose of improving the strength of the sinteredbody, and powders for improving machinability such as MnS may be added asnecessary for the purpose of improving cuttability ofthe sintered body.
    [44] [0044] Further, preferable pressing conditions and sintering conditions forproducing a sintered body using the alloy steel powder for powder metallurgydescribed herein will be explained.
    [45] [0045] Pressing of the alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy describedherein is preferably performed with a pressure of 400 MPa to 1000 MPa.This is because if the pressure is less than 400 MPa, the density of theobtained green compact lowers and leads to a decrease in characteristics of thesintered body, whereas if it exceeds 1000 MPa, life of the die shortens andbecomes economically disadvantageous. The pressing temperature ispreferably in the range of room temperature (around 20 °C) to around 160 °C.[0046] Further, the alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy described hereinis sintered preferably in a temperature range of 1100 °C to 1300 °C. This isbecause if the sintering temperature is lower than 1100 °C, progressing ofsintering stops and leads to a decrease in characteristics ofthe sintered body,whereas if it exceeds 1300 °C, life of the sintering furnace shortens andbecomes economically disadvantageous. The sintering time is preferably inthe range of 10 minutes to 180 minutes.
    [47] [0047] The obtained sintered body can optionally be subjected tostrengthening treatment such as carburizing-quenching, bright quenching,induction hardening, and carburizing nitriding treatment. However, even ifstrengthening treatment is not performed, the sintered body obtained using thealloy steel powder for powder metallurgy described herein has improvedstrength and toughness compared to conventional sintered bodies (which arenot subjected to strengthening treatment). Each strengthening treatment may be performed in accordance with conventional methods.
    [50] [0050] [Table 1] :oäom :oooääoou m .m: ooo m .o - _o:>:m .oåum _ : .:Zo_ oo .o :oäšz :Zoo :oäom oàäooëoo o.o ooo: m .o o.: o.o o: .o :oošoo ä: :šëoåm :oäom oàäooëoo m .o o: :: m .o o.N o.o o: .o :oošoo ä: :šëoåo :oäom oàäooëoo o.m: ooo: m.o o.: o.: NN.o :oošoo ä: oooooß:m :oäom oàäooëoo o.:: omo :.: m _: o.o NN.o :oošoo ä: oooooß:N :oäom oàäooëoo o.o: mmo oo m.N o.: o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:: :oäom oàäooëoo m.o: omo mo oo N.: o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:o :oäom o.o: ooo: :.o o.N o.: o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:o :oäom N.o: ooN: o.: o.m o.o o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:m :oäom o.o: oo:: m .o m _: o.: o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:o :oäom :.m: ooo: m .o o.N N.o o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:m :oäom o.o: m2: mo o.o oo o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:o :oäom m .m: oo:: m .o o.m oo o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:m :oäom N.m: om:: mo o.N oo o: .o :oošoo ä: oooooß:N :oäom :.o: oN:: mo o.: o.: :No :oošoo ä: oooooß:: :oäom o.o: oo:: mo mo N.: :No :oošoo ä: oooooß:Nää 3:2 åæå: åæå: åæå: åæå:mväëß: 2:3/ Soon: :ooäå oomäæ oëoäw :Ö o:>: :Éäo :äomoo :Näää: 2:3 PO140742-PCT-ZZ (14/17) _15-
    [51] [0051] As shown in Table 1, When comparing the tensile strength and impactvalue of our examples With comparative examples, our examples all showedtensile strength of 1000 MPa or more and impact value of 14.0 J/cmz or more,and both high strength and high toughness Were achieved, Whereas thecomparative examples Were poor in at least one of strength and toughnesscompared to our examples.
    Table 1 also shoWs the results of a 4Ni material (4Ni-1.5Cu-0.5Mo) as theconventional material. It can be seen that in our examples, characteristics equivalent to or better than conventional 4Ni material can be obtained Without using Ni.
    Po140742-PcT-zz (15/17)
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1] 1. An alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy comprising: an iron-based powder containing a reduced iron powder; Mo-containing alloy powder adhered to a surface of the iron-basedpowder; Cu powder; and graphite powder, wherein the Mo content with respect to a total amount of the alloysteel powder is 0.2 mass% to 1.5 mass%, the Cu powder content with respect to a total amount of the alloy steelpowder is 0.5 mass% to 4.0 mass%, and the graphite powder content with respect to a total amount of the alloy steel powder is 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass%.
    [2] 2. The alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy according to claim 1, wherein oxygen content ofthe iron-based powder is 0.2 mass% or less.
    [3] 3. A method of producing an iron-based sintered body comprising: mixing an iron-based powder containing a reduced iron powder withMo material powder; performing heat treatment to diffusionally adhere Mo to a surface ofthe iron-based powder; adding and mixing Cu powder and graphite powder to obtain an alloysteel powder for powder metallurgy; and then sequentially performing pressing and sintering to obtain aniron-based sintered body, wherein the Mo content with respect to a total amount of the alloysteel powder is 0.2 mass% to 1.5 mass%, the Cu powder content with respect to a total amount ofthe alloy steelpowder is 0.5 mass% to 4.0 mass%, and the graphite powder content with respect to a total amount of the alloy steel powder is 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass%. PO140742-PCT-ZZ (16/17)
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    JP2013120995A|JP6227903B2|2013-06-07|2013-06-07|Alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy and method for producing iron-based sintered body|
    PCT/JP2014/002343|WO2014196123A1|2013-06-07|2014-04-25|Alloy steel powder for powder metallurgy and production method for iron-based sintered body|
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