• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention concerns a hydrodynamic retarder comprising a rotor (2) and a stator (1). The rotor (2) and the stator (1) are arranged radially relative to one another.Fig. 1
    公开号:SE1450957A1
    申请号:SE1450957
    申请日:2014-08-18
    公开日:2015-03-04
    发明作者:Bernd Wölfle
    申请人:Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    HYDRGÉYNAMEC RETARDER The invention concerns a hydrodynamic retarder, comprising a rotor and astator. Furthermore, the invention concerns a drive-train of a motor vehicie having a hydrodynamic retarder of the above type. i-iydrodynamic retarders are used, in particuiar, in comrnerciai vehicies aswear-free permanent braites. To produce a braking torque they use the fiowenergy of a iiouid heid in a toroidai space between a stater and a rotor. insidethe toroidai space the spinning rotor picks up the iiguid by means of its biades,and the iiquid then impinges on the biades of the stater, thereafter returnirig backagain to the rotor biades. By virtue of this a braiting torque is exerted on therotor, the size of this braking torque usuaiiy being governed by the guantity ofiiquid present in the toroidai space. i-iowever, even when a hydrodynamicretarder is operating whiie empty, i.e. when the toroidai space is not fiiied, acertain braking torque is produced by it which is caused by forced air circuiationbetween the rotor and the stator. To avoid these power iosses, aiso referred toas air iosses, annuiar and diaphragm dampers are often provided, which canswivei between the rotor and stator so that the air circuiation is reduced.
    DE it) 2697 G32 935 Ai describes a hydrodynarnic retarder with a rotorand a stator arranged axiaiiy opposite one another. iX/ioreover, both the rotor andthe stater are fitted with biades such that to produce a braking torque on therotor, the rotor and stator can be coupied hydrauiicaiiy with one another by aiiquid which, for that purpose, is contained in a toroidai space formed betweenthe rotor and the stator. in this case, the quantity of iiquid iritroduced is reguiatedas a function of a braiting torgue to be produced at the time, and other than for abraking operation the iiquid is drained compieteiy out of the toroidai space. Toavoid air iosses between the rotor and stator during such operation whiie empty,baffie-piates are provided, each of which can be pushed radiaiiy into the toroidaispace by a respective associated piston, thereby reducing the air circuiation between the rotor and the stator.
    Starting from the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention isnow to provide a hydrodynamic retarder in which air iosses are reduced as muchas possible, with iittie cost and compiexity.
    Starting from the preambie of Ciaim i, this objective is achieved incombination with the characterizing features specified in that ciaim. Thesubsequent, dependent ciaims in each case describe advantageous furtherdeveiopments of the invention.
    According to the invention, a hydrodynamic retarder comprises a rotor anda stator. in a manner whose principie is understood by those with knowiedge ofthe fieid, braking torque can be exerted on the rotor since both the rotor and thestator are fitted with biades and can be hydrauiicaiiy coupied with one another bythe fiow of a fiuid between the biades. The way this happens is that the fiuid ispropeiied by the biades of the rotor and then irnpinges on the static blades of thestator, off which it bounces back to the rotor biades. The returning fiuid then actsto siow down the rotor. in a drive-train of a motor vehicie the hydrodynamic retarder can bearranged either as a primary retarder between a drive engine and a motor vehicietransmission, or it can be connected downstream from the motor vehicietransmission as a secondary retarder. Particuiariy in the case of a secondaryretarder, the retarder can be connected if necessary by way of a high-driverstage. Furthermore, the retarder can be integrated in the motor vehicietransmission or it can be an assembiy separate therefrom.
    The invention now adopts the technicai feature that the rotor and stator arearranged radiaiiy reiative to one another. in other words, the rotor and stator arepositioned radiaiiy opposite one another, either with the rotor radiaiiy inside thestater or with the stator radiaiiy inside the rotor. Consequentiy, in each case thebiades of the rotor and stator are aiso directed radiaiiy.
    Such a hydrodynamic retarder design has the advantage that with thisarrangement of the rotor and stator, measures to minimize air iosses can be implemented with iittie cost and complexity. Thus, with the radiai configuration “gu according to the invention a fiow connection between the biades ef the rotor andstater can be iriterrupted in a sirnpie manner since the means that bring about theinterruption can have a constant diameter during it. For exampie, in principie theextent of the interruption can be chosen freeiy. itiioreever, if necessary an axialiyspace-saying arrangement ef the hydrodynamic retarder is possibie if the rotorand stater are arranged radiaiiy to form an internai component of the motorvehicie transmission or of some other part of the drive-train. in Contrast, the baffie-piates of the hydrodynamic retarder described in BE10 2907 G32 935 Ai are of compiex design and can oniy to a certain extentinterrupt the fiow connection between the biades of the rotor and stater. in an ernbodiment of the inventien, the rotor and stater are fitted withbiades and means are provided by which a fiuidic coupiing between the biadescan be interrupted. in this context “fiuidic coupiingf' is understood to mean thecoupiing of the rotor and stater biades by way of a fiuid, wherein rotary movementof the rotor biades picks up fiuid, which is then acceierated in the direction towardthe stater biades, from which it returns again toward the rotor hiades. When theretarder is fuii, the fiuid is a iiquid, in particuiar oii or water, whereas in thesometimes empty condition of the retarder the fiuid is air.
    According to a first further development of this embodiment, the meansconsist in that the rotor and stater can move axiaiiy reiative to ene another. inother words, in this case the fiow of fiuid between the rotor and stater can beinfiuenced by axiai dispiacement of the rotor and stater reiative to one another.in this way, during operation of the retarder when it is empty air turbuience andhence air iosses can be reduced since the rotor and stater biades are positionedwith the minimum pessibie axiai overiap. For this, it is in principie conceivabiethat either the rotor or the stater, or even both components are designed to beabie to move axiaiiy. in an aiternative design of the inventien, the means are in the form of atieast one axiaiiy movabie sieeve that can be inserted radiaiiy between theretarder biades. This too can substantiaiiy reduce air turbuience during operation of the retarder when it is empty, since a fiow connection between the biades is -3_ interrupted by the at ieast one sieeve inserted between them. in this case thesieeve is preferahiy made with a heiiew-cyiindricai section or entireiy as a hoiiowcyiinder, and is introduced with that section er its entire body radiaiiy between therotor and the stater. Censequentiy, an aii-reund interruption of the fiuiciiccoupiing can he achieved with iittie compiexity. it is aiso conceivahie, however,te provide a piuraiity of sieeves for the purpose. in a further deveiopment of the above design, the at ieast one sieeve isceupied to the rotor pr to the stater in a rotationaiiy fixed manner. in this case,however, it is particuiariy preferabie te ceupie the sieeve to the rotor, se that airmoved by the rotor biades during empty operation does not impinge on a staticsieeve, hut on one that moves in unison with the rotor.
    A further design feature of the invention is that the at ieast one sieeve canbe moved axiaiiy by an actuator and in opposition to at ieast one spring eiement.The actuator can be an eiectricai actuator, ier exampie a magnet or an eiectricmeter, a hydrauiic actuator, for exampie a hydrauiicaiiy actuated piston, er apneumatic actuator such as a pneumaticaiiy actuated piston. The at ieast onespring eiement presses the sieeve either in the direction of an initiai, norrnaiposition in which the at ieast one sieeve does not extend between the rotor andstater, or toward a position where the sieeve extends compieteiy between therotor and stater, so that by means of the actuater a movement of the at ieast onesieeve in opposition to the pre-stressing of the spring eiement takes piace.Depending en whether the sieeve is fixed on the rotor or the stater, the at ieastone spring eiement can be supported at its end against the rotor or the stater. in another advantageous embociiment ef the invention, the fiuidic coupiingcan be eiiminated cornpieteiy by the means. in this way air iosses duringoperation of the retarder whiie empty can be aveided entireiy since no air cancircuiate between the rotor and stater. ivioreover the retarder system as a whoiecan be sirnpiified, since the fiuid that produces a hydrauiic coupiing between therotor and stater can be ieft in piace and, other than during braking operation, the production of a braking toroue is suppressed hy the compiete separation described above. Consequentiy, it is no ionger necessary to fiii and empty thetoroidai space of the hydrodynamic retarder. in a further deveioprnent of the above embodiment and when the rotor andstator are designed to move axiaiiy reiative to one another, a quantity of fiuid isheid perrnanentiy between the rotor and the stator, so that a braiting torqueacting on the rotor can be adjusted by the axiai positioning of the rotor and statorreiative to one another. in this case, therefore, the tordue that can be producedby the retarder is controiied not by reguiating the quantity of fiuid, but by adjustingthe axiai overiap of the rotor biades and stater biades. Clonsequentiy there is noionger any need for the correspondingiy compiex hydrauiic controi systern, whichotherwise has to be provided for reguiating the quantity of fiuid.
    Likewise aiso in the case when the means are in the forrn of at ieast onemovabie sieeve, a duantity of fiuid can be heid perrnanentiy in the toroidai spaceso that a braiting torque acting on the rotor can be determined by the extent towhich the at ieast one sieeve is introduced axiaiiy into the toroidai space. Thus,in this case the braking torque required is produced by positioning the at ieastone sieeve appropriateiy between the biades. Accordingiy, again there is noneed for a compiex hydrauiic system to reguiate the guantity of fiuid introducedinto the toroidai space.
    The invention is not iirnited to the combinations of characteristics indicatedin the principai ciaim or in the ciaims that depend on it. Other possibilities existfor combining with one another individuai features, insofar as they emerge fromthe ciairris, the description of preferred embodiments given beiow, or directiy fromthe drawings. The reference of the ciairns to the drawings by the use of indexes is not intended to restrict the protective scope of the ciairns.
    Advantageous design features of the invention, which are expiainedbeiow, are represented in the drawings, which show: FigfiirA schematic representation of a hydrodynarnic retarder thatcorresponds to a first enibodiment of the invention, shown in a first condition; Fig. 2: Another schematic representation of the retarder in Fig. i, shown ina second condition; andFig. 3: A schematic representation of a hydrodynamic retarder according to a second possihie emhodiment of the invention.
    Fig. i shows e schemetic representation of a hydrodynamic retarder whichcan he used in e drive-train of a motor vehicie, in particuiar a commerciai vehicie.The retarder comprises a stator 'i and a rotor 2, each fitted with respective hiades3 end 4. As can aiso he seen, the stator i and so too therefore its hiades 3 areattached fixed to a housing 5 of the retarder, whereas the rotor 2 is mounted torotate on a rotor shaft 6.
    As a speciai feature the rotor 2 and the stator i are arranged radieiiyreiative to one another, with the rotor 2 running radieiiy inside the stator i. Thus,the hiades 3 and 4 too are radiaiiy opposite one another with the hiades 3 of thestator i directed radiaiiy inward whiie, in Contrast, the hiades 4 of the rotor 2extend radiaiiy outward. in a manner whose prihcipie is known to those famiiiarwith the fieid, a hraidng torque is produced on the rotor 2 and hence on the rotorshaft 6 when a fiuid present in a toroidai space 7 formed between the hiades 3and 4 is picked up hy the hiades 4 of the rotor 2 and propeiied toward the hiades3 of the stator i. The fiuid then hounces off the hiades 3 and returns to thehiades 4 of the rotor 2, and this exerts a torque on the rotor 2 whose effect is tosiow it down. in this case the fiuid, for exampie oii or even water, is heid perrnanentiy inthe toroidai space 7 so that the hraking torque ecting on the rotor 2 is reguiatedhy means of en axiaiiy movahie sieeve 8 of hoiiow-cyiindricai design whichrotates together with the rotor 2. The sieeve 8 can he pushed hy an actuator 9against spring elements 10 and ii, axiaiiy into the toroidai space i and radiaiiybetween the hiedes 3 and 4. Thus, hy means of the actuator 9, which in thepresent case is in the form of a hydrauiicaiiy actuated piston, in addition to a fuiiyinserted position shown in Fig. 2 and a basic, initiai position shown in Fig. i the sieeve can he moved to any interrnediete position. ~6_ Thus, when it ieaves the basic initiai position the sieeve 8 interrupts thefiow connection between the biades 3 and 4 so that as the axiai dispiacement ofthe sieeve 8 increases, the hraking torque acting on the rotor shaft 6 decreases.When the sieeve 8 finaiiy reaches the end position shown in Fig. 2, in which ithas moved axiaiiy aii the way into the toroidai space 7, the hiades 3 and 4 arecompieteiy separated from one another so that no hraking tordue can any iongeract on the rotor 2. 5 Finaiiy, Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an aiternativeembodiment of a hydrodynamic retarder. The difference from the variantdescribed above is that in this case, aithough a stater 12 is again coupied to ahousing 13 in a rotationaiiy fixed manner, it can be moved axiaiiy reiative thereto.The housing 13 and the stator 12 can he connected, for exampie, by a spiinedshaft. Again, a rotor 14 on a rotor shaft 15 runs radiaiiy inside the stator 12, inaddition, as in the previous variant a fixed quantity of fiuid is heid between thestator 12 and the rotor 14, but with the difference from the variant describedpreviousiy that the braking torque is this time adjusted hy moving the stator 12axiaiiy reiative to the rotor 14 so that the biades 16 of the stator 12 aiso moveaxiaiiy reiative to the biades 17 of the rotor 14. in the position shown in Fig. 3, the biades 16 and 1 compieteiy axiaiiyoveriap, so that the fitrid picked up by the biades 1 is aii propeiied onto thehiades 16, therehy producing the maximum braiting torgue on the rotor 14. Onthe other hand, if the stater 12 is moved to an end position - not shown here -- inwhich the biades 16 no ionger overiap at aii with the biades 17, then the fiuidpicked up by the hiades 1"! is no ionger directed onto the biades 16 of the stator12 and accordingiy no hraking torgue is any ionger exerted on the rotor 14.Again, the braking torgue can be varied as desired hy adopting positionsintermediate between the two extreme positions described above. in this casethe appropriate axiai position of the stator 12 is set in opposition to springeiements 19 and 20 hy means of an actuator 18, in the present case designed asan electromagnetic actuator. in e suitabie errengenieni (net snewn nere) it is else possibie for the reierie be eispieeed exieiiy reieiive te ine peeiiieneiiy fixed sieier.
    By vinue ef the design ei e nyereeiynemie reierëer in eecerüanee with theinveniien, eir Eosses ef e reierder een be reduced very sunstentieiiy in e eimpie mêfififif.
    Oílflflïüi-Pßßüb-.J-fl-ï 'H'EZ'H314'55t 'H8'592G indexes Stater Røtor Båattes BäaëesHnusing Røtør shaftTnrøâdat spacæSšeeveActuatorSpring eâernentSpring eâernentStatsr Housing Rotcr Rotor shattBtades BtadesActuatorSpršng ešernentSpring eiement
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1] Ciaims 1. i-iydrodynamic retarder, comprising a rotor (2; 14) and a stator (1; 12),characterized in that the rotor (2; 14) and the stator (1; 12) are arranged radiaiiyreiative to one another. 2. i-iydrodynamic retarder according to Ciairn 1, oharaoterized in that therotor (2; 14) and the stator (1; 12) are titted with biades (3, 4; 18, 11), and meansare provided hy which a iiuidic coupiing between the biades (3, 4; 16, 17) can be interru pted. 3. i-iydrodynamic retarder according to Ciaim 2, characterized in that themeans consist in an axiai mobiiity of the rotor (14) and the stater (12) reiative to one another. 4. i-iydrodynamic retarder according to Ciaim 2, characterized in that themeans are in the form of at ieast one axiaiiy movabie sieeve (8), which can he inserted into a toroidai space formed between the rotor (2) and the stater (1). 5. Hydrodynarnic retarder according to Ciaim 4, oharacterized in that theat ieast one sieeve (8) is coupied to the rotor (2) or the stater in a rotationaiiy fixed manner. 6. Hydrodynamic retarder according to Ciaim 4, charaoterized in that theat least one sieeve (8) can be moved axiaiiy by means of an actuator (9) in opposition to at ieast one spring eiernent (1 O, 11). Y. i-iydrodynamic retarder according to Ciaim 2, characterized in that the fiuidic coupiing can he eiiminated compieteiy. _1Q_ 8. Hydrodynamic retarder according to Ciaintsß and 7, charaoterized inthat a quantity oi fiuid is heid oerrnanentiy between the rotor (14) and the stater(12), and a braking torque acting on the rotor (12) can be adjusted by the axiaipositioning ot the rotor (14) and the stater (12) reiative to one another. 9. Hydrodynamic retarder according to Ciaints 4 and 7, oharaoterized inthat a quantity of fiuid is heid permanentiy in the toroidai space (7), and a brakingtorque acting on the rotor (2) can be determined by the extent to Which the at Eeast one sieeve (8) is inserted into the toroidai space. 10. Drive-train of a motor vehicie, which confrprises a hydrodynamicretarder according to any of Ciaims 'i to 9. _11-
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102013217551A1|2015-03-05|
    US20150060219A1|2015-03-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2889013A|1955-08-16|1959-06-02|Schneider Brothers Company|Hydraulic turbo brakes|
    US3051273A|1959-07-15|1962-08-28|Fiat Spa|Hydraulic brake|
    US3537264A|1969-03-27|1970-11-03|Eaton Yale & Towne|Centrifugally balanced fluid power transmitting or absorbing device|
    US3572480A|1969-04-14|1971-03-30|William S Nagel|Transmission-driven retarder with fluid-operated blocker and inlet valve|
    US5279262A|1992-06-04|1994-01-18|Muehleck Norman J|Mechanical liquid vaporizing waterbrake|
    US5571975A|1995-04-28|1996-11-05|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology|Power absorbing dynamometer|
    DE59711116D1|1997-02-06|2004-01-22|Voith Turbo Kg|HYDRODYNAMIC RETARDER WITH AXIAL SLIDING STATOR|
    DE19745038C1|1997-10-11|1999-07-08|Itw Ateco Gmbh|Rotary damper|
    DE102007032935A1|2007-07-14|2009-01-15|Zf Friedrichshafen Ag|Aperture arrangement in particular for a hydrodynamic brake|
    DE102009001147A1|2009-02-25|2010-08-26|Zf Friedrichshafen Ag|Drivetrain for heavy-duty commercial vehicle, has electrical machine coaxially arranged at output side of multi-step shift transmission with torque proof connection of rotor on auxiliary drive shaft of auxiliary drive|US9732817B2|2015-10-13|2017-08-15|Goodrich Corporation|Axial engagement-controlled variable damper systems and methods|
    法律状态:
    2016-08-09| NAV| Patent application has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE201310217551|DE102013217551A1|2013-09-03|2013-09-03|Hydrodynamic retarder|
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