• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Wrist fractures (distal radius fracture) most commonly occur in cases where the hand receives the shock. The most common treatment consists of repositioning (returning to the correct position) of the fracture followed by plaster casting. This is done for fractures that do not need surgery. The treatment is performed by two people, plus a third who helps in the final phase. The surgeon, pulls on the patient's hand (fingers and thumb) while another person provides resistance by holding the forearm. However, the current method of repositioning has several disadvantages: • It requires at least two people • It is more time consuming than it needs to be • The patient gets pain due to uneven pulls in the hand • In case of incorrect treatment the legs heal incorrectly and surgery is required to fix this, which of course takes more time The present invention relates to a tool for optimizing fracture repair where the following main functions are to be fulfilled:. • attach the hand so that it does not slip when the force is applied • keep the forearm stationary • generate a force on the patient's wrist, acting in line with the forearm • measure the force acting on the patient's wrist.By using the present invention, the disadvantages of repositioning that exist today can be avoided.
    公开号:SE1430173A1
    申请号:SE1430173
    申请日:2014-12-18
    公开日:2016-06-19
    发明作者:Elias Rami
    申请人:Elias Rami；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Aids for wrist reposition Background and state of the art Wrist fractures (distal radius fracture) affect approximately 25,000 people in Sweden each year and most commonly occur in cases where the hand receives the shock. Radius and ulna are the affected bones, there radius it is mainly affected. Women, especially the elderly (60 and over), suffer from dislocated fractures to a greater extent than men. Younger people who practice a certain type of sport (skiing for example) is another group that has a higher fracture frequency than the average.
    Crimes can occur in fl your different ways where those who are repositioned by hand do not require surgery. If, on the other hand, a single fracture is not treated within about a week, the body begins to self-heal the joint bones incorrectly, which means that the fracture must be operated on. It is also not entirely uncommon for patients to have their wrist fractures incorrectly repositioned and thus surgery is required even then.
    The most common treatment today to heal wrist fractures is to reposition (reposition) the fracture by hand. The wrist is then plastered to ensure that the fracture is kept in the right place as the body heals the broken bone. The fracture is first pulled apart to allow the surgeon to reposition the fracture to its proper position. The treatment is performed by two people, plus a third who helps in the final phase. The surgeon, pulls in the patient's hand (thighs and thumb) while another person provides resistance by holding the lower arm, for an image that illustrates this, the link httpz // ferdlietipoital is recommended. uib.niv / vvvsiwvgDro- / unloadeddocs / fercli ghet / -www / akuttmedisin / bildedatabzise / stazile / IMGPZl98JPG. The pull is maintained for a longer time, usually 20 minutes, but this varies from person to person. The power required is about 40 Nmen also this varies from person to person. The pull allows the surgeon to reposition the fracture, which is done by hand. An additional person is required to maintain traction, but with lower force. When the fracture is repositioned, plaster is applied to the patient's upper part of the wrist and forearm, while the pull remains. The bandage is then wrapped around the plaster to hold it in place. The patient needs to be plastered for at least a couple of weeks for the body to heal the fractures. The majority of wrist fractures are treated in orthopedics with this method.
    At present, there are aids that simplify the work. There is a method that can be used wrist repositioning that uses so-called Chinese finger traps and weights. The fingerfalls are put on a pair of fi ngrams and held as they are pulled away from the hand. This is done with weights that hang on the patient's upper ear, for image the link httnL // sfgheducsfedu / Educatiom-Cliniclniages / Clin% 20l.% 20finger% 20trap% 20w% 20w'ts is recommended. I ing. This method helps to pull the fracture apart but it is not possible to reposition effectively when the lower arm points upwards. Therefore, you need to return to the usual method to complete the repositioning and plastering. Moving the patient's arm from a vertical to a horizontal position increases the risk of the wrist fracture being repaired incorrectly. When weights are used, it is not possible to change the pull on the wrist by analogy.
    There are other aids that are intended for those wrist fractures that require surgery. WrístTraction Tower, is such an aid, which, like the weight-based method, uses ginger traps and the forearm is vertically oriented. This aid is mounted on an operating table, for image the link httpsz // vvvvxx / .arthrex.coni / priaducts / .AR-l 6l l S is recommended.
    However, the current method of wrist repositioning has several disadvantages: 0 It requires at least two people.0 It is more time consuming than it needs to be. 0 The patient gets pain due to uneven pulls in the hand.
    By using the present invention, the above-mentioned problems could be circumvented. It is also possible that the invention can reduce the number of error repairs, the dowry application with the aid takes place in more controlled forms. In case of incorrect treatment, the legs heal incorrectly and surgery is required to correct this. This of course takes time and resources.
    Problem Solution The present invention has for its object to solve the above problems by having the features stated in the appended claims. The primary purpose of the invention is to replace the work of two people; the person holding the patient's forearm and the person holding the patient's hand. In addition, the discomfort for the patient should be reduced, or at least equivalent to the current treatment.
    The main functions to be fulfilled by the aid are: 0 Hand attachment; secure the hand so that it does not slip when the force is applied.0 Attachment of arm; keep the forearm stationary.0 Force application; generate a force on the patient's wrist, acting in line with the forearm. 0 Force measurement; measure the force acting on the patient's wrist.
    Brief description of drawings The invention will in the following part be exemplified and clarified with reference to the accompanying drawings where: - Figure 1 shows a flexible plate (2) with straps (1) - Figure 2 shows a support plate with straps - Figure 3 shows a rough sketch of the chosen concept. Main components: base plate (1), handle (2), threaded rod (3), smooth rod (4), crank (5), support plates with straps (6).
    Figure 4 shows a screenshot of the base plate. Components: thin stainless steel plate (1), square tubes (2), belt holders (3), insert thread (4), ball bushing housing (5), threaded housing (6) inside the square tube, machine feet (7), square plugs (8), and a rubber cloth (9) - Figure 5 shows a cross-section of the base plate where the rod (1) is mounted in the insert thread (2) and the threaded housing (3) - Figure 6 shows a strap of type Fastech VSTRAP - Figure 7 shows the handle with the rods. Components: spring package (1), handrail housing (2), bent steel plate (3), rubber cloth (4), crank (5), belt holder (6), threaded bar (7) and plain bar (8) - Figure 8 shows the spring package , seen from the side in cross-section. Components: housing (1), plain bearing (2), pressure spring (3), washers (4), locking ring (5), spacer tube (6), stop screws (7) and the shaft itself (8) with its force indications (9) - Figure 9 shows the handrail housing - Figure 10 shows the bar which is partially threaded. The spring package is locked axially in a direction of the track ring which is attached to (1). The crank is mounted with a screw in the internal thread (2) - Figure 11 shows the arm in a 3D model of a 95th percentile man; the distance between the ankle and the elbow is 317 mm. The distance between the back of the base plate and the handle is 330 mm. The end of the rod is 20 mm outside the beginning of the threaded housing (1) - Figure 12 shows the handle of the prototype, seen from above - Figure 13 shows cross-section of a clamped 95th percentile man's forearm. The belt (1) passes through the belt rails (2). The 360 mm long strap is sufficient to be attached to the middle of the arm.
    Figure 14 shows a clamped arm ready for treatment. Space for repositioning is then given freely around the wrist 60 mm from the ankle (the requirement was 50 mm). The arm is clamped with straps (white) and support plates (gray). The straps (1-3) must be loosened to allow plastering. First, the strap is loosened over the back of the hand (3) and the support plate is unfolded. Then the arm straps (1 and 2) are followed - Figure 15 shows a CAD model of the final concept. Detailed description of the invention For a thorough understanding of the present invention, a detailed description now follows. .
    Attaching the hand - support plate with straps To secure the hand so that it does not slip when the force is applied, the fingers must be locked. This is fulfilled by using two straps to tighten a flexible plate around the patient's knuckle. The inside is lined with rubber or similar material for better comfort and friction, see Egg. The straps should also be tightened over the patient's back and fingers for optimal fixation.
    Attaching the forearm - support plate with straps To keep the forearm stationary, use a relatively hard plate with a softer inside (rubber or similar), see Lie. However, the plate must be flexible enough to be shaped according to different patients. The harder plate distributes the forces from the belts to spread the force from the belts. The softer inside provides better comfort for the patient. The straps can be Velcro straps or regular tensioning straps.
    Force application and force measurement - spring This concept is based on only a threaded rod. The other is a smooth bar that is stored radially in the plate and locked in the handle. This stabilizes the handle and prevents it from rotating. The spring package is placed only on the threaded rod.
    Detailed Detail Figure 3 shows the invention before detailing.
    The base plate consists of a thin plate in stainless steel, attached to two square tubes in steel. In these, a single-insert thread and a threaded housing are mounted, for the threaded rod, and a ball bushing housing for the smooth rod.
    The square pipes have elongated mounting holes for the screws that hold them together with the plate. This means that it is possible to adjust the positions of the pipes to each other during assembly. The adjustability is important as the shafts to be threaded and stored in the pipes must be sufficiently mounted in parallel.
    Two rails are attached to the plate for attaching straps. The belt rails are designed to cover the variation of arm lengths. A rubber cloth is intended to be attached to the plate to increase the friction between the patient's arm and the surface, as well as increase the patient's comfort. Machine feet are mounted on threaded rods that are screwed into the square tubes to raise the base plate from the ground and give it a stable foundation. See Figure 4 for the base plate. Two threaded housings are used to increase the stability of the threaded rod, see Figure 5.
    Since the threaded rod is threaded in two threaded housings, this means that one of these threads must be adjustable in the axial direction to match the thread pitch. The pitch of the bar is 1.75, which means that a house must be adjustable to the same degree. With elongated holes in the square pipes, this is achieved. The straps that are intended to be used for the base plate, and the handle, are Velcro straps with plastic rings at one end, which act as a stop when they are threaded into the strap rails. See Figure 6 for the belt.
    Support plates should be used in combination with straps when clamping the patient. They are intended to be made of any material that is strong enough to distribute the force from the straps and sufficiently flexible to form around the patient's hand and hand. Alternatively, the tiles can be made of two materials.
    Like the base plate, the handle is basically a stainless steel sheet, which is bent. A rubber cloth is also attached to this part for the same reason as for the base plate, see Figure 7. The patient's fingers are intended to rest on the rubber cloth while the thumb rests freely under the bent plate.
    The spring package consists of two plain bearings, two washers, a locking ring, a compression spring, a spacer and a housing. The housing is made of aluminum to make the prototype lighter and less front-heavy. The sliding bearings, made of brass, are easily pressed into the housing and held in place with stop screws. When the housing for ars surface passes the force markings that can be read by the user, see Figure 8. The four-screw screws that attach the spring package with the steel plate are threaded in helicoil.
    The spacer tube stops the spring from being compressed past its recommended maximum load. This also prevents the housing from colliding with the thread. The spring selected must have a maximum force load of 99 N, and a deformation length (difference between rest length and minimum allowable clamped length) of 36 mm. This length means that force measurement takes place within this range, which is considered sufficient for the user to be able to read with sufficient accuracy. The handrail housing, also in aluminum, is screwed on with the help of helicoil threads. The smooth bar, 12 mm diameter, is fastened in the housing with a screw, as the bar has an internal thread, and easy press fit, see _F_ig1L9_.
    The threaded rod is based on an Ml2xl, 75 threaded rod where one half is turned down. An internal thread is mounted on its smooth end for mounting the crank, see Figure 10. A locking ring groove turns so that the spring package, and thus the rest of the handle, can be mounted on the shaft. Milled markings evenly distributed around the bar (120 degrees between) are used for force measurement. The length of the marking field is estimated on the basis of data from the compression spring. The distance between each marking corresponds to 10 N.
    Execution examples Based on anthropometric data, understanding of the current method and its problems, a single requirement specification was made, see the table below. Each requirement was given a number and how it can be proved the requirement is met. One of these is a theoretical proof based on drawings and previous known data, which is termed theoretical. Requirements where a physical prototype must be tested are denoted by fi / sísk.
    Requirement no.
    Description Evidence method 1 Apply a force on the patient's wrist of 90 N Physical Analogous change the force between 0 and 90 N, with 12.5 N precision Physical If the force is applied from fl er than single source, the difference between these should not be more than 2.5 N Physical Read out the force applied to the patient Physical Have the patient's forearm parallel to the floor when using Theoretical The hand should be straight (the upper side of the hand should run parallel to the forearm, with a certainty of 15 degrees around the ankle) when applying force Theoretical The hand should be straight sideways with 17.5 degrees safety when applying the application It should be able to be used with different upper arm-forearm positions, the upper arm can be angled 0 to 30 degrees from the body, while the forearm is parallel to the ground. Theoretical Product should not weigh more than 5kg Theoretical / Physical The product should fit Sweden's adult population (5th percentile women and 95: e percentile men (requirements 11-16) Theoretical 11 Forearm length (up to the ankle): 215 -317 mm Theoretical 12 Underarns circumference (thirst): 190 -327 mm Theoretical 13 Hand width without thumb: 72-99 mm Theoretical 14 Hand length (from the tip of the ankle to the middle finger): 165-202 mm Theoretical Index Length: 64-80 mm Theoretical 16 Finger thickness: 14-21 mm 17 The size of the product must not exceed 600xl 50x250 (length, height, and width in mm) Theoretical 18 The product surfaces must be easily accessible for cleaning Theoretical 19 Special tools shall not be required to mount the prototype Theoretical / Physical Allow to apply plaster to the upper side of the arm, from the back of the hand to 5 cm from the elbow, with a reduced pull Theoretical / Field test 21 Free space around the wrist so that the surgeon can reach around the patient's wrist, which means that the round wrist should be free of the surgeon's (21 mm, at least). It should be free at the top 5 cm from the ankle Theoretical / Field test 22 Maintenance and preparation before use should not take more than a couple of minutes Theoretical 23 The force application should be possible during 1 minute, and by one person Theoretical / Physical 24 Clamping of the product on the Physical patient should be possible for 45 seconds, and by one person The requirements that can be proven in whole or in part theoretically, are verified below.
    Requirement 5 regarding the parallelism of the fireplace with the floor is met when the prototype is intended to be placed on a table. Requirement 6 regarding the position of the upper arm is met as the prototype works regardless of how the patient's upper arm is positioned. The weight of the concept was estimated at approximately 2.6 kg, where requirement 9 was that the weight must not exceed 5 kg.
    According to claim 10, the prototype must be adapted for Sweden's adult population (Sze percentile women to 95th percentile men). The requirements (11-16) concerned the various aspects of claim 10. The prototype was designed to accommodate the longest subareas according to claim 11. A CAD model of a 95th percentile male arm was used to verify that the prototype was suitable for this requirement. see Figure 11.
    Requirement 12 was that hands of different widths could be attached to the prototype. The largest hand width (without thumb) was 99 mm for a 95th percentile man. When the patient's thumb is intended to rest below the bent plate, the 100 mm wide rubber cloth is sufficient for the purpose, see Figure 12.
    Requirement 13 applied to different perimeters for which the concept would be adapted. To verify that the largest forearms (approx. 330 mm in circumference) could be attached to the prototype, a sketch was made. A slight forearm was created with this circumference. The 360 mm long strap is sufficient to tighten from one strap rail, over the forearm, through the other strap rail and then fasten to the top of the arm, see Figure 13.
    Requirements 14 and 15 were regarding hand length and index finger length. According to anthropometric data, the longest hands are about 200 mm (95th percentile, men) and the shortest 160 mm (Sth percentile, women). Of this length, the index finger consists of about 60 to 80 mm, respectively. The two straps that are to attach the hand are intended to be attached to the patient's back of the hand and shortly after the patient's knuckle. The important thing is that the handle is long enough for the width of the straps and that there is enough space on the patient's hand for the straps.
    According to claim 16, the prototype must be adapted for different finger thicknesses; between 14 and 21 mm (5th percentile women and 95th percentile men). The distance between the strap rail on the handle and the surface where the hand rests is about 6 mm. This means that the belt can be sufficiently tightened when the attachment point for the belts is lower than fi ngrams.
    According to claim 17, the maximum dimensions of the concept were 600 mm in length, 150 in height and 250 mm in width. The concept takes up the most space when the handle is threaded out to the maximum. Then the length is 520 mm, the height 115 mm and the width 250 mm. The width is 200 mm if the crank is directed inwards. When the concept takes up the least, the dimensions are 425x75x200. Requirement 17 stated maximum dimensions to 600x150x250.
    According to Claim 18, there must be no nooks or the like where dust can accumulate and it must be possible to access all surfaces for cleaning. The square pipes are closed systems and the thin plates have inlet tubes.
    The concept can be disassembled and reassembled with straight screwdrivers, Allen keys and a wrench, which are considered common tools. Requirement 19 was that no special tools are required.
    The prototype must be adapted so that plaster can be applied to the patient after the fracture has been repaired, according to claim 20. This plaster is applied to the upper and upper hand; from the back of the hand to just about 50 mm from the elbow, with some difference depending on the patient. The casting takes place when there is still a pull in the wrist, but lower force than with the actual pull-out. When the patient is to be plastered, the straps and support plates are in the way. By loosening the straps in the correct order, the patient can be held while the plaster is applied.
    As requirement 21 states, free space around the patient's wrist must be provided. The space around the wrist strap should be at least one inch thick and 50 mm from the ankle. As the patient's wrist is free between the base plate and the handle, the requirement is met. See Figure 14 for a 95th percentile hand showing both requirements 20 and 21.
    According to claim 22, maintenance of the prototype and preparation for use would not take more than a couple of minutes. The only maintenance that may be required is oiling of the thread and of the spring package, something that does not need to be done after each patient.
    Requirement 23 was to be able to apply the force, in this case crank to the correct position, within a certain time. The maximum span of the surface of the handle is about 100 mm, where the thread has a pitch of 1.75. This means that you need to crank about 57 turns to move the handle from the zero point to its maximum position. It is estimated that one can crank at a speed of at least 1.25 revolutions per second, this based on a test where a crank of similar size was cranked for 30 seconds.
    That crank speed and number of cranks gives a time of 45 seconds. The requirement was that the power application should be carried out in 1 minute or less.
    For the final CAD model, see Figure 15.
    The requirements that could not be verified without a physical prototype were tested when it was built. Requirements 1-4, 9, 18-19, and 23-24 were requirements that required a prototype in whole or in part to prove.
    A luggage scale was used to verify that the force could reach 90 N and that the force markers indicated correctly (claim 1 and claim 2, respectively). The scale was tensioned between the base plate and the handle. When 90 N was reached, requirement 1 was met. The largest difference between the mean value and the marking of the five tests was 1.2 N, at 80 N. Requirement 2 was that the difference should not exceed 2.5 N.
    Requirement 22 concerned preparation, where it would not take more than a couple of minutes for the preparation aid to be used. The average time when the straps and support plates were loose was 1 minute and 18 seconds, which meets the requirement.
    According to claim 23, the force application must take place for one minute. Two different tests were performed, one where the force ranged from 0 to 90 N and one where the force fi ck from 90 N to 0. The requirement was met then, the mean time for this test was 25 and 23 seconds, respectively.
    Tightening time was tested where one person was allowed to be tightened by another person. The time was taken from the time the arm was outside the prototype until it was fully clamped with all four straps. According to claim 24, they could take place in less than 45 seconds. which was achieved when the mean time for this test was 31 seconds.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    Aids for optimizing fracture repair, characterized by the main functions: l) Attachment of hand, whereby the hand is attached so that it does not slip when the force is applied2) Attachment of arm, whereby the forearm is kept stationary3) Force application, which generates a force on the wrist, acting in line with the wrist, and 4) Force measurement, which measures the force acting on the wrist.
    [2]
    Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fingers are made immobile, when force is applied, by tensioning a flexible plate around the knuckle with the support of two straps which are to be tightened over the back of the hand and the fingers.
    [3]
    Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower arm is kept stationary with the support of a relatively hard plate, with a softer inside, where the harder plate distributes forces from the belts to spread the force from the belts and the softer inside provides better comfort.
    [4]
    Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the handle is stabilized and prevented from being rotated by a smooth rod which is stored radially in the plate and locked in the handle, and by a spring package placed on a threaded rod.
    [5]
    Device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a base plate consisting of a stainless steel thin plate is fastened to two square tubes of steel, in which a single-insert thread and a threaded housing are mounted, for the threaded rod, and a ball bushing housing for the smooth bar.
    [6]
    Device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that two rails are fastened to the plate for attachment of straps, machine feet are mounted on threaded rods which are screwed into the lead pipes to raise the base plate from the ground and give it a stable foundation and two threaded housings are used for to increase the stability of the threaded rod.
    [7]
    Device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized by a spring package consisting of two plain bearings, two washers, a locking ring, a compression spring, a spacer and a housing, the plain bearings, made of brass, are easily pressed into the housing, which is made of aluminum, and is held in place with stop screws, so that when the housing moves, it passes the force markings that can be read by the user.
    [8]
    Device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a spacer tube stops the spring from being compressed beyond its recommended maximum load, which also prevents the housing from colliding with the aisle. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a handrail housing, also made of aluminum, is screwed on by means of helicoil passages, the beaten bar, 12 mm in diameter, being fixed in the housing with a screw, when the bar has an internal walk, and let press fit. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the threaded rod starts from a threaded rod where one half is turned down. On the beaten spirit, an internal passage was placed for mounting the crank. A locking ring groove is turned so that the spring package, and the lower part of the handle, can be mounted on the shaft. Milled markings evenly distributed round bar (120 degrees between) are used for force measurement. The length of the marking field is estimated based on data from the pressure spring. The distance between each marking corresponds to 10 N.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1430173A|SE540278C2|2014-12-18|2014-12-18|Assistive devices for wrist repair|SE1430173A| SE540278C2|2014-12-18|2014-12-18|Assistive devices for wrist repair|
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