瑞典专利SE1351523A1 Method and apparatus for producing energy by recycling materials during a fuel combustion process

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专利摘要:
The present invention relates to a method forproducing energy by recycling materials during a fuel com-bustion process, Wherein the ﬁiel combustion process com-prises combusting fuel introduced into the fuel combustionprocess. Further,the invention relates to an apparatus for pro-ducing energy by recycling materials during a fuel combus-tion process. WO 2012/156588 A1 | TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). Declarations under Rule 4.17: _ ofínventorshíp (Rule 4.1 7(z'v))Published:with international search report (Art. 21(3)) _ as to applícantk entítlement to apply for and be grantedapatent (Rule 4.1 7(íí))
公开号:SE1351523A1
申请号:SE1351523
申请日:2012-05-18
公开日:2014-01-22
发明作者:Esa Suoninen；Martti Surakka
申请人:Fortum Oyj；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The method of the present invention is characterized by what is presented in claim 1.
The device according to the present invention is characterized by what is presented in claim 14.
The method of the present invention for producing energy by recovering material during a fuel combustion process which takes place in a fuel combustion unit, which is a boiler or furnace, the fuel combustion process comprising combustion of fuel introduced into the fuel combustion process, comprises the steps of: flue gas, which contains carbon dioxide and is produced in the fuel combustion process, in a biomass cultivation process, where the flue gas participates in the production of biomass and oxygen, - introducing at least part of the biomass produced in the biomass cultivation process in a biogas production process, where the biomass participate in the production of biogas, in the fuel combustion process introduce at least part of the oxygen produced in the biomass cultivation process, - in the fuel combustion process, where the biogas is burned as fuel, introduce at least part of the biogas produced in the biogas production process, and - introduce in the fuel combustion process, so that the need is reduced to introduce fuel selected from a group consisting of fossil fuels, including coal, biofuels, industrial waste, municipal waste and any combination thereof, in the fuel combustion process during the fuel combustion process, in addition to the biogas production produced in the fuel combustion process.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing energy by recovering material during a fuel combustion process, the apparatus comprising a fuel combustion unit, which is a boiler or furnace, for burning fuel introduced into the fuel combustion unit, and wherein the apparatus further comprises: a biomass cultivation unit introducing a stream of flue gas containing carbon dioxide and produced in the fuel combustion unit, - a biomass cultivation unit for the production of biomass and oxygen, - means for introducing into a biogas reactor at least part of the biomass produced in the biomass cultivation unit, - a biogas reactor for biogas production, - means for introducing at least part of the oxygen produced in the biomass cultivation unit in the fuel combustion unit, means for introducing at least one part of the biogas combustion unit for biogas combustion part of the biogas produced in the biogas reactor, and means for introducing combustion air into the fuel combustion unit, and that the device is configured to reduce the need to introduce fuel selected from a group consisting of fossil fuels, including coal, biofuels, industrial waste, municipal waste and any combination thereof, into the fuel combustion unit during fuel combustion. , in addition to the biogas produced in the biogas reactor and introduced into the fuel combustion unit.
The present invention, where materials are recycled during the fuel combustion process, results in the advantage that a smaller amount of fuel, e.g. fossil fuels, need to be introduced into the fuel combustion process in addition to the biogas produced in the biogas production process and introduced into the fuel combustion process, compared to a fuel combustion process where such material recycling is not performed to produce the same amount of energy.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises producing primary energy. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises producing electrical energy. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device is configured to produce primary energy. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device is configured to produce electrical energy.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises recovering energy produced in the fuel combustion process. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises means for recovering energy produced in the fuel combustion unit. Said means for recovering energy produced in the fuel combustion unit may comprise any suitable means which can be used for recovering the energy.
In this presentation, unless otherwise stated, the term "fuel combustion process" is used to denote any process during which fuel is burned to produce energy.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fuel is selected from a group consisting of fossil fuel, biofuel, industrial by-product, industrial waste, municipal waste and any combination thereof. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fossil fuel is selected from a group consisting of coal, oil, natural gas and any combination thereof. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fossil fuel comprises carbon. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the biofuel comprises biogas and / or solid biofuel. Algae biomass, wood, sawdust, grass clippings and green waste can be mentioned as examples of solid biofuels. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel comprises biogas. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel comprises methane (CH 4). According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel comprises a combination of fossil fuel and biogas.
The fuel combustion process takes place in a fuel combustion unit, which is a boiler or furnace. The boiler or furnace is to be understood as a fuel combustion unit, in which solid, surface and / or gaseous fuel can be burned.
According to the present invention, a stream of flue gas comprising carbon dioxide is introduced into the process of growing biomass. According to the present invention, the device comprises means for introducing a stream of flue gas, comprising carbon dioxide, into a unit for growing biomass. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas is dispersed in bubbles in the culture media of the biomass. Said means for introducing a stream of flue gas into a device for growing biomass may comprise any suitable device which can be used for introducing a stream of flue gas into a unit for growing biomass.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas stream further comprises NO, NO; and / or Ng. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the flue gases are produced as a result of the fuel combustion process. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flue gases are treated in a suitable manner before they are introduced into the process for growing biomass.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the biomass culture device comprises a photobioreactor (PBR) or a covered culture pond.
In this preparation, unless otherwise stated, the term "biomass cultivation process" is used to denote any process during which biomass and oxygen are formed as a result of photosynthesis of the biomass. The formula for photosynthesis is as follows: 6 C02 + 6 H20 cónlzo, + 6 02 Carbon dioxide Water Sugar Oxygen When biomass is grown, it uses carbon dioxide as nutrients for its photosynthesis. As a result of photosynthesis, carbon is taken up in the biomass and oxygen is released. From each carbon dioxide molecule, one carbon atom is taken into the biomass and two oxygen atoms are released.
The cultivated biomass can be collected with the help of suitable equipment. As an example, it can be mentioned that the solids content of biomass, e.g. algae, which are produced in the process of growing biomass are between 0.05 and 0.5%, usually between 0.1 and 0.2%. For further use, the biomass can be thickened to a solids content of between 1.5 and 3%, for example between 2 and 2.5%, by means of a filter or a centrifuge.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the biomass is selected from a group consisting of algae, seagrass and a combination thereof. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the biomass comprises algae. The algal themes Chlorella, Closterium and Spirulina, as well as any combination thereof, may be mentioned as examples of what may be used in the present invention. Other algae species or combinations of different species may also be used in the present invention. At least some of the oxygen released during photosynthesis in the process of growing biomass can be used in the fuel combustion process. It was surprisingly found that the oxygen produced in the biomass cultivation process and introduced into the fuel combustion process could replace at least some of the combustion air needed in the fuel combustion process. The advantage of replacing at least a portion of the combustion air with the oxygen from the process of growing biomass in the fuel combustion process is that the problems of nitrogen in the air, as described below, are reduced.
Said means for introducing into the fuel combustion unit at least a part of the oxygen produced in the biomass cultivation unit may comprise any suitable means which can be used to introduce oxygen into the fuel combustion unit. At least some of the biomass produced is introduced into the biogas production process. In this presentation, unless otherwise stated, the term "biogas production process" is used to denote a process during which biogas is produced. Biogas is to be understood as a gas that is produced during the biological decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen.
Said means for introducing into the biogas reactor at least a part of the biomass produced in the biomass cultivation unit may comprise any suitable means which can be used to introduce biomass into the biogas reactor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solids content of the composition comprising biomass introduced into the biogas production process is below 3%, preferably below 2.5%, and more preferably between 1.5 and 2%.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the residence time in the biogas production process is at most 5 days, preferably at most 4 days, and more preferably from 1 to 2 days.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the biogas comprises methane, carbon dioxide or a combination comprising methane and carbon dioxide. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the biogas as its main components comprises methane (50-75%) and carbon dioxide (49-24%). The biogas may further comprise a small amount, usually not more than 1%, of other gases as examples of which hydrogen and hydrogen sulphates may be mentioned. At least some of the biogas produced in the biogas production process is introduced into the fuel combustion process. According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least a part of the biogas produced in the biogas production process is introduced into the fuel combustion process by passing the biogas into a gas distribution network.
The gas distribution network, for example a pipeline, also enables the introduction of other gaseous fuel in the fuel combustion process at the same time as the biogas fuel.
Natural gas can be mentioned as an example of such a gaseous fuel. According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion of the biogas produced in the biogas production process is converted to surface biogas (LBG) prior to the step of introducing the biogas into the fuel combustion process. The term "liquefied biogas" is used to denote the biogas produced in the biogas production process, ie. in the biogas reactor, and which has been temporarily converted to liquid form. The biogas' superficial form makes transport and storage of the biogas easier. However, the ﬂ surface biogas is gasified again before it is led or introduced into the fuel combustion process.
The biogas introduced in the fuel combustion process is used as fuel. By way of example only, when methane is used as a fuel in a coal-fired boiler, up to 50%, preferably up to 80%, of the coal required may be replaced by methane. l0 The advantage of returning methane from the biogas production process in the fuel combustion process is thus that the use of special fossil fuels is significantly reduced.
Said means for introducing into the fuel combustion unit at least a part of the biogas produced in the biogas reactor may comprise any suitable means which can be used to introduce the biogas into the fuel combustion unit. Said means for introducing into the fuel combustion unit at least a part of the biogas produced in the biogas reactor may comprise a gas distribution network via which the biogas is led into the fuel combustion unit.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the biomass is collected and thickened before it is introduced into the biogas production process.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, 300-1,500 kg, preferably 650-850 kg, and more preferably 740-800 kg, oxygen produced in the biomass cultivation process per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion process is introduced into the fuel combustion process.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the fuel combustion process, 100-800 kg, preferably 300-400 kg, and more preferably 330-3 70 kg, biogas produced in the biogas production process is introduced per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion process.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, 200-900 kg, preferably 400-600 kg, and more preferably 450-550 kg, of biomass are produced in the process of growing biomass per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide introduced into the process of growing biomass.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, 0-500 kg, preferably 0-100 kg, and more preferably 40-80 kg, fuel is introduced into the fuel combustion process in addition to the biogas produced in the biogas production process and introduced into the fuel combustion process per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel process combustion. .
According to one embodiment of the present invention, 1,000-2,000 kg, preferably 1,200-1,800 kg, and more preferably 1,550-1,600 kg, is introduced into the fuel combustion process, combustion air per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion process.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, 100-500 kg, preferably 250-450 kg, and more preferably 340-400 kg of water per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion process are recovered from the fuel combustion process.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the fuel combustion process, 800-1 600 kg, preferably 950-150 kg, and more preferably 1 150-150 kg, nitrogen gas per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion process is produced.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises introducing into the process for growing biomass at least a part of the digestate formed in the biogas production process. The rot sludge can act as a nutrient for the algae, for example. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises means for introducing into the biomass cultivation unit at least a part of the digestate sludge formed in the biogas reactor. Said means for introducing into the biomass cultivation unit at least a part of the digestate formed in the biogas reactor may comprise any suitable means which can be used to introduce the digestate into the biomass cultivation unit. At least some of the digestate formed in the biogas reactor can be introduced into the biomass cultivation unit by means of a pump.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises introducing in the process for growing biomass cultivation media comprising wastewater. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises means for introducing culture media comprising waste water into the biomass cultivation unit. In order to produce biomass in addition to carbon dioxide, other nutrients including, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus and micronutrients can also be introduced into the process for growing biomass. At least a portion of the nitrogen can be introduced with the flue gas and according to an embodiment of the present invention, wastewater is used as culture media.
The advantage of using wastewater in the method of the present invention is that when biomass collects the nutrients required for its cultivation, the wastewater is purified at the same time. Methane combustion products are carbon dioxide and water. Since the water produced requires almost half of the oxygen introduced from the biomass cultivation process, additional oxygen is introduced into the fuel combustion process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The additional oxygen is needed to replace the lost oxygen in the form of water.
Thus, according to the present invention, the method comprises introducing combustion air into the fuel combustion process. According to the present invention, the device comprises means for introducing combustion air into the fuel combustion unit. Said device may comprise any suitable device for introducing combustion air into the fuel combustion unit.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion air comprises oxygen, nitrogen or a combination comprising oxygen and nitrogen.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel introduced into the fuel combustion process comprises fossil fuel. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel introduced into the fuel combustion process comprises carbon. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises means for introducing fuel into the fuel combustion unit. Said means for introducing fuel into the fuel combustion unit may comprise any suitable means which can be used for introducing the fuel into the fuel combustion unit.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises recovering water from the fuel combustion process. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises means for recovering water from the fuel combustion unit. Said means for recovering water from the fuel combustion unit may comprise any suitable means which can be used to recover water from the fuel combustion unit.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises introducing carbon dioxide into the process of growing biomass in addition to the carbon dioxide included in the stream of flue gas. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises means for introducing carbon dioxide into the biomass cultivation unit in addition to the carbon dioxide introduced by said means for introducing into a biomass cultivation unit a stream of flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and produced in the fuel combustion unit. Said device may comprise any suitable device for introducing said additional carbon dioxide into the biomass cultivation unit.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises introducing in the fuel combustion process at least a part of the biomass produced in the process for growing biomass, where the biomass is burned as fuel. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises means for introducing into the fuel combustion unit at least a part of the biomass produced in the biomass cultivation unit. Said means for introducing into the fuel combustion unit at least a part of the biomass produced in the biomass cultivation unit may comprise any suitable means for introducing the biomass into the fuel combustion unit.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises preventing nitrogen from accumulating during the method. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device comprises means for removing nitrogen.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method can be realized as a continuous circulation of the materials to be recycled. As a result of continuous circulation of the materials to be recycled in accordance with the present invention, continuous energy is produced in the fuel combustion unit until the process is stopped.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises one or more further processing steps. By way of example only, said one or ﬂ your additional processing steps may comprise treating the flue gas in an appropriate manner before it is introduced into the process of growing biomass, treating the biomass appropriately before it is introduced into the biogas production process, treating the biogas appropriately before it is introduced into the fuel combustion process , to treat the oxygen appropriately before it is introduced into the fuel combustion process, etc. Similarly, the device according to an embodiment of the present invention also comprises one or more additional units and / or devices.
The embodiments of the invention described above can be used in any combination with each other. Several of the embodiments can be combined to form a further embodiment of the invention. A method or device to which the invention relates may comprise at least one of the embodiments of the invention described above.
An advantage of the present invention is that the amount of non-renewable resources of fossil fuels, for example coal, to be used in the fuel combustion process can be significantly reduced in recycling the materials in accordance with the present invention. Recycling the biogas that includes methane produced in the biogas production process to be used as fuel in the fuel combustion process reduces the amount of fuel that needs to be introduced from an external source in the fuel combustion process. As an example alone, it can be mentioned that in traditional fuel boilers where the fuel combustion process takes place, approximately 350 kg of carbon needs to be introduced into the boiler per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced. When the loop is closed, ie. the biogas is led into the fuel boiler, it can make up about 80% of the amount of fuel needed. Thus, only about 60 kg of carbon from an external source per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced is needed.
An advantage of the method of the present invention is that the need for additional combustion air to be used in the combustion process is significantly reduced by capturing the oxygen produced in the biomass cultivation process, and by passing the trapped oxygen into the boiler for a combustion process. Up to about 60% of the combustion air needed in the fuel combustion process can be replaced with oxygen introduced from the biomass cultivation process. The main components of the atmosphere are oxygen (about 21%) and nitrogen (about 78%). Since nitrogen is an inert gas, the amount of nitrogen introduced into the boiler in the combustion air must be taken into account when dimensioning the unit. The use of air introduced into the boiler usually leads to a situation where e.g. pipes and chambers are oversized. Since the present invention leads to a smaller amount of combustion air being introduced into the boiler, the cost of the unit is also markedly reduced. Furthermore, in order to remove the nitrogen from lu ﬁ, large investments are required, which are thus not needed when using the method and the device in accordance with the present invention.
An advantage of the present invention is the possibility of a smaller oxygen plant in connection with the boiler commonly used in oxygen combustion techniques.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this description, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, help to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings show the following: Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the device according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The description below describes some embodiments of the invention in such detail that a person skilled in the art can utilize the invention based on the description. Not all steps in the embodiments are discussed in detail, as many of the steps will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on this specification.
For simplicity, the detail numbers are retained in the following exemplary embodiments, in case components recur.
In step S1 of an embodiment of the method according to Fig. 1, energy is produced according to what is presented in step fi a fuel combustion process which takes place in a fuel combustion unit, which is a boiler or furnace, in step S1 by combustion of fuel, for example fossil fuel such as coal . As a result of the combustion process, flue gas containing carbon dioxide is produced. In step a, the flow of flue gas is introduced in a process for growing biomass, where the flue gas participates in the photosynthesis of biomass, for example algae. As a result of the process for culturing biomass in step S2, biomass is produced, at least a part of which, in step b in Fig. 1, is introduced in step S3 comprising a biogas production process. As a result of the process for culturing biomass, oxygen is further produced, in step S2, at least a part of which is introduced into the fuel combustion process as presented in step c iF ig. 1.
The biomass introduced in the biogas production process is used to produce biogas in step S3. At least a part of the biogas produced in step S3 is introduced in step S1 comprising the fuel combustion process as presented in step d in Fig. 1.
As a result of the material recovery presented in Fig. 1, the amount of fossil fuel that in step e needs to be introduced into the fuel combustion process in order to produce energy in an efficient manner is reduced. The amount of combustion air that is to be introduced in step g in the fuel combustion process is also reduced. It is obvious that the method according to the present invention may comprise additional steps, which will be obvious to the person skilled in the art based on what is presented in this patent application.
The method according to the present invention can be realized by means of a device which is schematically illustrated with the block diagram in Fig. 2. The device 15 in Fig. 2 comprises a fuel combustion unit 1, for example a boiler, by means of which fuel, for example fossil fuel such as coal, is combusted to produce energy in a power plant. The device in Fig. 2 further comprises means 4 for introducing or directing a stream of flue gas produced by a fuel combustion process at the fuel combustion unit 1 in a unit 2 for growing biomass, where the production of biomass and oxygen takes place. At least a part of the biomass produced in the biomass cultivation unit is fed into a biogas reactor 3 by means 5 to introduce biomass into a biogas reactor 3. The biomass introduced into the biogas reactor 3 participates in the production of biogas. At least a portion of the biogas produced in the biogas reactor is introduced into the fuel combustion unit 1 by means 7 to introduce biogas into the fuel combustion unit.
The device 15 presented in Fig. 2 further comprises means 13 for introducing into the unit 2 for growing biomass at least a part of the digestate sludge produced in the biogas reactor 3.
The biomass cultivation unit 2 is further connected to diffuser 14 for introducing carbon dioxide in addition to the carbon dioxide led from the fuel combustion unit to the biomass cultivation unit, and diffuser 8 for introducing, for example, wastewater into the biomass cultivation unit 2.
Fig. 2 also illustrates device 6 for introducing into the fuel combustion unit 1 at least a part of the oxygen produced in the unit 2 for growing biomass.
The device in Fig. 2 further comprises means 9 for introducing combustion air into the fuel combustion unit, means 11 for introducing fuel into the fuel combustion unit, means 10 for recovering water from the fuel combustion unit and means 12 for recovering the energy produced in the fuel combustion unit. EXAMPLE 1 By applying the method in accordance with the present invention, with a device in accordance with the present invention, energy has been produced, i.e. primary energy, in a fuel combustion process by burning coal as fossil fuel in a boiler. The flue gases produced during the combustion process were recovered and introduced into a photobioreactor, where they participated in the cultivation of algae and the production of oxygen based on the photosynthesis of the algae. The photobioreactor used in this example was a glass tube reactor with a tube diameter of about 100 mm, a tube length of about 900 m and a reactor volume of about 30 m3.
The algae used in this example were of Closterium species. Furthermore, nutrients needed for algae growth were obtained, for example, from municipal wastewater, which was used as plant media for the algae. As the algae grew, they collected the nutrients from the wastewater, and thus the wastewater was cleaned at the same time.
Furthermore, the algae absorbed carbon dioxide and nitrogen as they grew, producing oxygen at the same time. Of each carbon dioxide molecule, one carbon atom was taken to the biomass, ie. the growing algae, and two oxygen atoms were released.
The oxygen produced by the algae in the biomass cultivation process was introduced into the boiler while at least some of the algae produced were introduced into a biogas reactor. The algae produced in the photobioreactor were centrifuged before being introduced into the biogas reactor, so that the solids content increased from about 0.2% to about 1.5-2%.
The biogas reactor type used in this example was the Up ﬂow Anaerobic Sludge Blanker (UASB), which is a device designed to treat liquids with very low solids content. The residence time was 1-2 days, which enabled the treatment of large amounts of liquid or sludge with a reactor of reasonable size. The reactor volume in this example was about 5 m3.
Some of the digestate formed in the biogas reactor was returned by being pumped into the photobioreactor, and the biogas, including methane and carbon dioxide, formed was introduced into the boiler. The biogas introduced into the boiler was used as fuel for the coal-fired boiler, thus replacing at least 50% of the carbon that would have been needed if the material recovery in accordance with the present invention had not been carried out.
Since the combustion products of methane were carbon dioxide and water, and since the water produced required almost half of the oxygen produced in the photobioreactor and from there was introduced into the boiler, an additional amount of oxygen was needed to replace the oxygen lost in the form of water. Therefore, an additional amount of oxygen was introduced into the boiler to ensure an efficient combustion process.
Nitrogen accumulation was prevented during the process by using a suitable nitrogen purification unit.
In a conventional coal-fired power plant, about 350 kg of coal is needed to produce about 2.8 MWh (1.1 Mwhe) of energy and at the same time about 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide. In this example in accordance with the present invention, where material was recovered during energy production, only about 60 kg of carbon needed to be introduced into the boiler in addition to the recovered material to produce the same amount of energy. In a similar way, 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide were produced.
The introduction of 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide and 1,250 kg of Ng into the photobioreactor produced about 770 kg of O 2, which was returned to the boiler, and about 500 kg of algae, which were introduced into the biogas reactor. Of these 500 kg of algae, about 230 kg of methane and about 120 kg of carbon dioxide were formed in the biogas production process and introduced into the boiler. Approximately 330 kg of additional oxygen and approximately 1,250 kg of nitrogen gas, per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion unit, were also introduced into the boiler. The fuel combustion process of Example 1 resulted in the recovery of approximately 370 kg of water from the boiler per 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion unit.
EXAMPLE 2 By applying the method according to the present invention, with a device according to the present invention, energy has been produced, i.e. primary energy, in a fuel combustion process by burning fuel in a boiler. The flue gases containing carbon dioxide and nitrogen produced during the combustion process were recovered and introduced into a photobioreactor, where they participated in the cultivation of algae and the production of oxygen based on the photosynthesis of algae. The photobioreactor used in this example was a glass tube reactor with a tube diameter of about 100 mm, a tube length of about 900 m and a reactor volume of about 30 m3. Furthermore, in addition to the carbon dioxide introduced into the photobioreactor with the flow of flue gas, additional carbon dioxide was introduced into the photobioreactor.
The algae used in this example were of Spirulina species. Furthermore, nutrients needed for algae growth were obtained, for example, from municipal wastewater, which was used as plant media for the algae. Furthermore, the algae absorbed carbon dioxide and nitrogen as they grew, while producing oxygen.
The oxygen produced by the algae in the photobioreactor was introduced into the boiler while at least some of the algae produced were introduced into a biogas reactor. However, the algae produced in the photobioreactor were centrifuged before being introduced into the biogas reactor, so that the solids content increased from about 0.2% to about 1.5-2%. The biogas reactor type used in this example was the Up Anaow Anaerobic Sludge Blanker (UASB). The residence time was 1-2 days and the reactor volume in this example was about 5 m3.
Some of the digestate formed in the biogas reactor was returned by being pumped into the photobioreactor, and the biogas, including methane and carbon dioxide, formed was introduced into the boiler. The biogas introduced into the boiler was used as fuel for the fuel combustion process.
In a conventional coal-fired power plant, about 350 kg of coal is needed to produce about 2.8 MWh (1.1 Mwhe) of energy. At the same time, about 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide is formed. In this example, the introduction of 1,000 kg of carbon dioxide and 1,250 kg of Ng with the flue gas and of an additional 430 kg of carbon dioxide into the photobioreactor produced about 1,100 kg of Og, which was returned to the boiler, and about 770 kg of algae, which were introduced into the biogas reactor. Of these 770 kg of algae, about 354 kg of methane and about 185 kg of carbon dioxide were formed in the biogas production process and introduced into the boiler, where the biogas was used as fuel for the combustion process.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the basic idea of the invention with the development of technology can be implemented in different ways. Thus, the invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above, but may vary within the scope of the claims.

权利要求:
Claims (19)
[1] 1. A method for producing energy by recyclingmaterials during a fuel combustion process (1) takingplace in a fuel combustion device, which is a boileror a furnace, wherein the fuel combustion process com- prises combusting fuel introduced into the fuel com- bustion process, cl1a:ra.c1:e ri.z e<í in that themethod comprises the following steps of:- introducing a stream of flue gas (4) com- prising carbon dioxide and produced in the fuel com-bustion process (1) into a biomass cultivating process(2), of biomass and oxygen; where the flue gas takes part in the production - introducing at least part of the biomassproduced in the biomass cultivating process (2) into a(3), part in the production of biogas; biogas production process where the biomass takes - introducing at least part of the oxygen produced in the biomass cultivating process (2) intothe fuel combustion process (l); - introducing at least part of the biogasproduced in the biogas production process (3) into the fuel combustion process (1), where the biogas is com-busted as fuel; and- introducing combustion air (9) into the fuel combustion process; such that the need to intro- duce fuel (11) selected. fron1 a group consisting offossil fuel comprising coal, biofuel, industrialwaste, municipal waste and. any combination thereof, into the fuel combustion process (1) during the fuelcombustion process in addition to the biogas producedin the biogas production process (3) and introducedinto the fuel combustion process is reduced.
[2] 2. The method. of claim 14in that 300 - 1500 kg, preferably 650 - 850 kg, and more preferably 740 - 800 kg of oxygen (6) c:h alfa ct:e r - i Z e d produced in the biomass cultivating process (2) is in- WO 2012/156588 PCT/FI2012/050473 24 per 1000 kg of carbon dioxide produced in the fuel combustion troduced into the fuel combustion process (1) process.
[3] 3. The method. of any' one of claims 1 - 2,c:h alfa ct:e ri_z e d in that 100 - 800 kg, prefera-bly 300 - 400 kg, and more preferably 330 - 370 kg ofbiogas (7) produced in the biogas production process (3) is introduced into the fuel combustion process (1)per 1000 kg of carbon. dioxide produced. in the fuel combustion process.
[4] 4. The method. of any' one of claims 1 - 3,c h alfa ct:e ri_z e d in that 200 - 900 kg, prefera-bly 400 - 600 kg, and more preferably 450 - 550 kg of biomass is produced in the biomass cultivating process(2) per 1000 kg of carbon dioxide (4) introduced intothe biomass cultivating process.
[5] 5. The method. of any' one of claims 1 - 4,in that 0 - 500 kg,80 kg of fuel into the fuel combustion process c h a r a c t e r i z e d0 - 100 kg,(11) is(1) in addition to the biogas produced in the biogas preferablyand more preferably 40 -introducedproduction. process (3) and. introduced. into the fuelcombustion process per 1000 kg of carbon dioxide pro-duced in the fuel combustion process.
[6] 6. The method. of any' one of claims 1 - 5,c hear ac:t eifi zezd in that the stream of flue gas(4) further comprises NO, N02 and/or N2.
[7] 7. The method. of any' one of claims 1 - 6,in that the biogas (7) c h a r a c t e r i z e d compris- es methane, carbon dioxide or a combination comprisingmethane and carbon dioxide.
[8] 8. The method. of any' one of claims 1 - 7,in that the biomass (5) characterized isse- lected from a group consisting of algae, water grassand a combination thereof.1 - 8, that the method comprises
[9] 9. The method. of any' one of claims c h a r a c t e r i z e d in WO 2012/156588 lO PCT/FI2012/050473 (13)into the introducing at least part of fermentation sludgeformed in the biogas production process (3)(2).
[10] 10. The næthod (If any one (If claims 1 - 9, biomass cultivating processc h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method comprisesintroducing growing media (8) comprising waste water(2).
[11] 11. The method of any one of claims 1 - 10, into the biomass cultivating processc h a1:a ct:e ri_z e d in that the fuel introduced in-to the fuel combustion process comprises coal.
[12] 12. The method of any one of claims 1 - 11,c h a r a c t e r i z e d in(10) that the method comprisesrecovering water (l). from the fuel combustion process
[13] 13. The method of any one of claims 1 - 12,c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the method comprises(14)in addition to the carbon dioxide (4).for producing energy by introducing carbon dioxide into the biomass cul-tivating process (2)contained in the stream of flue gas(15) recycling materials during a fuel combustion process,
[14] 14. An apparatus wherein the apparatus comprises a fuel combustion de-(1),ing fuel vice which is a boiler or a furnace, for combust-introduced into the fuel combustion device,cl1a:ra.c1:e ri_z e - means (4) for introducing a stream of fluegas comprising carbon dioxide and produced in the fuelcombustion device (1)(2): - a biomass cultivating device (2) into a biomass cultivating de-vicefor pro-ducing biomass and oxygen; - means (5) for introducing at least part ofthe biomass produced in the biomass cultivating device(3): - a biogas reactor (3) (2) into a biogas reactor for producing biogas; WO 2012/156588 lO - means (6) PCT/FI2012/050473 26 for introducing at least part of the oxygen produced in the biomass cultivating device (2) into the fuel combustion device - means (7) the biogas produced in the biogas reactor fuel combustion. device (1) fuel; and - means for into the fuel combustion device; ratusfuel (11) fuel comprising coal, fuel combustion device (1) (1): for introducing at least part of (3) into the for combusting biogas as introducing' combustion air (9) and in that the appa- is configured such that the need to introduceselected from a group consisting of fossilbiofuel, nicipal waste and. any combination. thereof, industrial waste,into the mU_ during the fuel combustion process in addition to the biogas produced in the bio- gas reactor (3)tion device is reduced. 15.t e ri_z e d in(13) that mGäÛS tion sludge formed in the biogas reactor (3)(2). biomass cultivating device16. c h a r a c t e r i z e d
[15] 15. The apparatus15, comprises means (8)
[16] 16. The apparatus of claim 14,the and introduced into the fuel combus- c h a r a c - apparatus (15) comprises for introducing at least part of fermenta- into the of any one of claims 14 - in that the apparatus (15) for introducing growing media com- prising waste water into the biomass cultivating de- vice (2).
[17] 17. The apparatus16, c h.a r a c t e r i z e dcomprises means (11) for fuel combustion device (1).
[18] 18. The apparatus17, c h.a r a c t e r i z e dcomprises means (10) for fuel combustion device (1).
[19] 19. c h a r a c t e r i z e d The apparatus18, of any one of claims 14 -(15)the in that the apparatusintroducing fuel intoof any one of claims 14 -(15)from. the in that the apparatus recovering water of any one of claims 14 - in that the apparatus (15) WO 2012/156588 PCT/FI2012/050473 27 comprises means (14) for introducing carbon dioxideinto the biomass cultivating device (2) in addition tothe carbon dioxide introduced by the means (4) for in-troducing a stream of flue gas comprising carbon diox-5 ide and produced in the fuel combustion device (l) in- to a biomass cultivating device (2).

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

FI126965B|2017-08-31|

US20140338361A1|2014-11-20|

PL229022B1|2018-05-30|

PL406238A1|2014-07-21|

FI20115478A|2012-11-19|

WO2012156588A1|2012-11-22|

US9745895B2|2017-08-29|

SE540112C2|2018-04-03|

FI20115478A0|2011-05-18|

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法律状态:
2021-12-28| NUG| Patent has lapsed|

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

FI20115478A|FI126965B|2011-05-18|2011-05-18|Method and equipment for generating energy by recycling materials during the fuel combustion process|

PCT/FI2012/050473|WO2012156588A1|2011-05-18|2012-05-18|A method and an apparatus for producing energy by recycling materials during a fuel combustion process|

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