• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Summary The present invention relates to a sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) for a liquid sample adapted to be mounted in a system with pressure variations, which system contains or transports a liquid. The sampling unit comprises a cradle portion (317; 417; 617; 717) which partially surrounds a cavity (301; 401; 601; 701) which is filled with liquid, an opening (303; 403; 603; 703) provided with a spar element (305; 405). 605; 705; 720) which prevents the liquid from flowing into or out of the cavity at a substantially stable pressure in the system, but prevents the liquid from flowing into the cavity when the pressure in the system increases from a resting pressure to an operating pressure, and out of the cavity when the pressure in the system drops back frail operating pressure to the resting pressure. The sampling unit can be used to collect an industry sample.
    公开号:SE1351454A1
    申请号:SE1351454
    申请日:2013-12-06
    公开日:2015-06-07
    发明作者:Henrik Eriksson；Klas Eurenius；Carina Forsberg；Anders Jonsson
    申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a sampling unit for liquid, a sampling system, a fuel system an internal combustion engine comprising such a fuel system, a vehicle comprising the internal combustion engine and a method of sampling a liquid.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART Diesel-powered motor vehicles are equipped with exhaust gas purification devices for the purpose of reducing emissions of particles and chemicals contained in the exhaust gases of the diesel engine. There are also various standards and legal requirements that regulate permitted exhaust emissions from vehicles. Kanda exhaust gas purification devices are susceptible to high levels of sulfur in the industry. A content in excess of 10 ppm sulfur in the industry can lead to a deficient emission reduction of the exhaust gas purification device. In order to reduce the risk and ensure that the legal requirements are met, some vehicle manufacturers specify which sulfur content the industry may contain at most, for example the sulfur content must be less than 10 ppm. However, it is black to subsequently ascertain and prove whether the vehicle has been refueled with fuel with a sulfur content exceeding 10 ppm.
    Other compounds, such as phosphorus compounds, can also be harmful to the vehicle and, above all, millions. However, it is also black in connection with these associations to subsequently ascertain and prove whether the vehicle has been refueled with fuel that has harmful levels of undesirable chemicals. To reduce particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, exhaust gas treatment systems are used which may include, for example, a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), particulate filters and so-called NOx reducers, such as EGR (Exhaust Gas Reduction) system and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, in the exhaust stream from internal combustion engines, for example in vehicles. The efficiency of such exhaust gas treatment systems and especially diesel oxidation catalysts decreases in the presence of compounds which contain, for example, sulfur. Such sulfur-containing compounds (e.g. mercaptans, thiols, thiophenes, thioethers, thioesters, disulfides) and especially sulfur-containing aromatic compounds, "poison" or react with the diesel oxidation catalyst and / or other components of the exhaust gas treatment system and these parts of the system thereby have a reduced efficiency as leads to corrosion problems in the engine as well as to 'Rade exhaust emissions. The diesel oxidation catalyst is sensitive to high levels of sulfur and can therefore have a shortened service life at too high sulfur levels in the industry. Therefore, it is important to be able to analyze whether fuel with too high a sulfur content has been refueled in the vehicle.
    In the prior art, various methods have been tried for sulfur content analysis. For example, US-2002/0079236 discloses a sensor for feeding the concentration of sulfur compounds in a liquid. The sensor comprises two electrodes, an active electrode which is in contact with the liquid to be fed, and a reference electrode which is isolated from the liquid. A voltage is generated between the electrodes depending on the concentration of sulfur compounds in the liquid and the concentration can thus be determined US-2009/0317299 refers to an optical sensor for determining the sulfur content in a branch. This is done by illuminating the industry with a suitable wavelength spectrum and detecting reflected light and then analyzing this to obtain a detection signal indicating the sulfur content.
    Both of these kanda sensors are to be regarded as active because they require some form of power supply in connection with the sensing or when the signal processing is carried out. The feeds described in these two published patent applications give a direct food result, ie. a food value that reflects the current sulfur content.
    A proposed alternative to an electrically driven sensor is described in SE 535895 C2, which shows an indicating unit with a number of capsules or layers, which in contact with the industry absorb sulfur.
    The capsules contain liquids with different sulfur content inboard and the layers have different inhalation absorbers of sulfur. In the analysis of the sulfur content in the respective capsules / layers, it is determined whether the content is ok and exceeds the original levels. If this is the case 3, it is an indication that sulfur from the fuel has been supplied and that the content of sulfur in the fuel has exceeded the predetermined level for the current canister / layer.
    Despite known solutions, there is a need to be able to easily detect and / or analyze the presence and content of sulfur compounds and other environmentally harmful compounds in the industry. There is also a need to collect information on the industry's maximum content of a chemical, such as sulfur, to which the internal combustion engine has been exposed because a fuel with too high a sulfur content increases the risk of the catalyst's function deteriorating and thus the emission requirements for exhaust gases cannot be met. In the case where the function of the catalyst has deteriorated so that the emission requirements are not complied with and if the vehicle has not refueled with a sulfur content exceeding 10 ppm, it may in any case mean that the vehicle manufacturer has to recall and store a large number of vehicles which can be very expensive. Is it possible, on the other hand, to show that the instructions have not been followed by refueling with more than e.g. 10 ppm, such a campaign will not be relevant.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Despite known solutions, there is a need to further develop the sampling of a liquid, especially of a fuel, continuously or over a period of time, which in a simple way gives an indication of the content of a substance collected over a period of time. If the sampling unit is used in a vehicle, it is possible to analyze whether the vehicle has been refueled with fuel that exceeds predetermined levels for various chemicals. There is also a need for a sampling unit that is passive and does not require any maintenance and thus has a legal cost.
    The object of the present invention is thus to provide a sampling unit which is in a simple manner adapted to collect a liquid sample, in particular a fuel sample, for further analysis. The test can then give an indication of whether the vehicle is refueled with fuel, which has chemical levels that exceed approved levels for the fuel, such as sulfur content.
    A further object of the invention is to provide a sampling unit which does not require any maintenance. Another object of the invention is to provide a sampling unit which has a legal cost.
    These objects are achieved with a sampling unit as defined in claim 1.
    The present invention relates to a sampling unit intended for a liquid sample, preferably for an industry intended for an internal combustion engine. The sampling unit is adapted to be mounted in a system with pressure variations, which system contains or transports a liquid. The sampling unit comprises a cradle portion which partially surrounds a cavity which is filled with liquid, an opening provided with a spar element which is adapted to be in contact with the opening and the liquid in the system. The spar element prevents the Wide of the liquid into or out of the cavity at a substantially stable pressure, but allows the liquid to flow into the cavity when the pressure in the system increases from a resting pressure to an operating pressure, and out of the cavity when the pressure in the system falls back from the operating pressure to the resting pressure. . The saving element prevents the water's continuous inflow and outflow, eg Wide in situations where there are no large pressure variations in the system. By substantially stable pressure is meant that the pressure variations in the system are small and close to variations between the resting pressure and the operating pressure. Such small variations can be caused by, for example, variations in atmospheric pressure or disturbances during operation.
    With such a sampling unit, it is possible to collect a liquid sample from a system over a period of time and then, if necessary, ascertain what content of a certain substance the liquid contained. The time period can be determined based on the need. For example, if the function of the DOC unit has been improved, there is a need to analyze which industry has been refueled. The fluid in the sampling unit contains a mixture of fluids that have passed the sampling unit during the time period. The mixing of liquid shoes takes place when the liquid in a liquid-filled sampling unit is compressed during the pressure boiling from a resting pressure to an operating pressure (overpressure), whereby a small amount of liquid finishes to flow into the cavity and mix with the existing liquid. When the pressure in the system drops back from the operating pressure to the resting pressure, the liquid in the cavity of the sampling unit expands and approximately a corresponding small amount of liquid, which was forced in, is allowed to flow out of the cavity. The amount of liquid that Wider enters the cavity of the sampling unit and out of the cavity depends on the pressure variation in the system. The compression and / or expansion of the fluid is proportional to the pressure variation and can be produced experimentally and / or by calcifications. Since only a part of the liquid inside the sampling unit is replaced at a time, one can thus obtain an indication of the liquid composition during the sampling period and thus it is also possible to obtain an indication of impermissible levels of a substance in the liquid.
    When the sampling unit is used in a fuel system for collecting a sample from a fuel industry, the invention can give an indication of, for example, the sulfur content contained in a fuel. Therefore, it is possible, for example in connection with too high sulfur levels in the fuel, to get an indication of the reason why an exhaust gas purification device has been deactivated. In the event that fuel with a sulfur content above the indicated levels has been used and the exhaust gas purification device has been deactivated, the user is informed that fuel with a prescribed sulfur content will continue to be used. In the event that the user was not aware of the fuel's high sulfur content, the user can make demands on the fuel supplier, who must state the correct sulfur content in the industry.
    The above objects are also achieved with a system which is subjected to pressure variations between a resting pressure and an operating pressure and which system comprises a hollow component which contains or transports a liquid. The system comprises a sampling unit as above, which is mounted in the hollow component. Preferably, the system is a fuel system comprising a number of components, at least one sampling unit as above being mounted in at least one of the components.
    The above objects are also achieved with an internal combustion engine comprising the fuel system with a sampling unit as above and a vehicle comprising the internal combustion engine. As there are also different standards and legal requirements that regulate permissible exhaust emissions for vehicles, it is in the interest of both the vehicle manufacturer and the user of the vehicle that the exhaust purification device of the vehicle functions correctly. The sampling unit according to the invention gives both the vehicle manufacturer and the user an indication of whether the fuel which drives the vehicle's internal combustion engine had too high a content of a substance, for example sulfur content.
    The above objects are then achieved by a method for analyzing a liquid by means of the sampling unit, which method comprises the steps of: 6 filling a sampling unit with a starting liquid; placing or mounting the sampling unit in a system in which the liquid is subjected to pressure variations between a resting pressure and an operating pressure which is higher than the resting pressure; increasing the pressure from the resting pressure to the operating pressure and allowing Wide of the liquid in the system into the sampling unit; lowering the pressure from the operating pressure to the resting pressure and allowing the liquid to flow out of the sampling unit; removing the sampling unit from the system after a period of time if necessary; taking out the liquid collected in the sampling unit, and g) analyzing the content of a substance in the liquid with an analysis method adapted to the substance to be analyzed.
    Through the process, the content of a substance in the liquid can be analyzed in a simple way, for example the content of sulfur in an industry.
    Additional features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following descriptive examples.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, as an example, preferred embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows in a schematic side view a vehicle with a sampling unit according to the present invention, Fig. 2 shows an example of a wiring diagram of a branch system according to the present invention, Figs. 3a-3d show a schematic illustration of the function of the sampling unit according to the present invention, Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a sampling unit according to the present invention. Fig. shows a cross-sectional view of a sampling unit mounted in a filter housing according to the present invention, Figs. 6a-6c show a schematic functional illustration of an embodiment of a sampling unit according to the present invention, Figs. 7a-7c show a schematic functional illustration of a further embodiment of a sampling unit according to the present invention. .
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION The invention is described below with reference to the sampling unit and method as generally described above.
    The sampling unit according to the present invention is intended for collecting a liquid sample. Preferably, the liquid is a fuel intended for an internal combustion engine, but the liquid may be another liquid that can be used in the process industry. When the sampling unit is used, it is mounted in a component of a system subjected to pressure variations. The sampling unit can thus be used in a fuel system or in another system in the process industry.
    The sampling unit comprises a rocker portion which partially surrounds a cavity which is filled with liquid, an opening through which a liquid can flow into and / or out of the cavity at pressure variations from rest pressure to operating pressure and vice versa, and the opening is provided with a trace element which prevents water Wide into or out of the cavity at a stable pressure. The trace element is in contact with the opening and the fluid in the system and dilates the fluid to flow into the cavity through the opening when the pressure in the system increases from a resting pressure to an operating pressure, and out of the cavity through the opening when the pressure in the system falls back from the operating pressure to the resting pressure. .
    The trace element is adapted to be in contact with the opening and the liquid, for example a fuel, which is to be analyzed in the system. The liquid sample can be collected continuously for a period of time from the liquid in the system with which the sampling unit is in contact. The time period is determined based on the need for analysis.
    During the pressure variation, the liquid is exchanged inside the cavity due to the compression and expansion of the fluid between a rest pressure and an operating pressure. The pressure variation between a resting pressure and an operating pressure can vary greatly and can, for example, be between about 6 and 2500 bar if the sampling unit is used in a truck's fuel system, but is not limited to these variations. The resting pressure can correspond to atmospheric pressure, eg when the truck's engine is switched off. The operating pressure is higher than the resting pressure.
    The sample collection takes place by first filling the cavity with a starting fluid, which can be "pure" fluid, for example fuel whose sulfur content is below 10 ppm. During the operating pressure, ie the overpressure, the liquid contained in the cavity is compressed and downwards, a small amount of liquid frail the surrounding system can flow into the cavity through the opening. After the pressure in the system has dropped back to the resting pressure, the liquid in the cavity expands, and a corresponding amount of liquid that has been poured in is drained out through the opening. In case of overpressure, mixing of the water shoes can take place inside the cavity.
    Sampling can take place continuously and the sampling unit can be removed from the system if necessary, for example after a period of time in which several cycles of overpressure and subsequent pressure drop have taken place. In this way, the liquid is exchanged inside the cavity and the sampling unit then receives a "liquid memory" which is an average composition of the liquid during the time period. The replacement time of the liquid inside the cavity varies depending on the pressure variations of the system and the design of the sampling unit. The exchange times can be calculated experimentally or by different coating models. If the exchange of the liquid in the sampling unit takes place relatively slowly, it is possible to examine, for example, the average sulfur content over a longer period. After the sampling unit has been removed from the system, the contents can be analyzed by a suitable method.
    The sampling unit is particularly suitable for collecting fuel samples, especially diesel samples.
    The molecules in diesel mainly comprise the carbon dioxide between 10 and 22 carbon atoms, such as alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes and olefins, but the fuel also contains sulfur compounds and other inorganic compounds such as phosphorus compounds.
    The cavity of the sampling unit is filled with liquid and can receive the liquid sample. The cavity is partly surrounded by the wall portion of the sampling unit. The sampling unit has a shape and size that is suitable for the liquid sample in question. For example, the cavity may have a drop shape, cone shape, a cylindrical shape or, for example, the shape of an extended cylinder. With such a shape, a small contact surface with the liquid can be obtained in relation to the volume of the cavity. This can be advantageous because a cylindrical sampling unit is easy to manufacture and arrange in different systems. The sampling unit can be detachably mounted in a system.
    The sampling unit further comprises a spar element, which is adapted to be in contact with the opening and the liquid in the system. The purpose of the spar element is to prevent water flow into and out of the cavity when the pressure in the system is stable. At a stable pressure in the system, there may be small pressure variations that are substantially less than the variation between the resting and operating pressures, for example in the event of disturbances in the system and changes in the air pressure. However, the saving element is adapted so that it does not impede the liquid flow during pressure variations from the resting pressure to the operating pressure or vice versa because it cannot withstand Widen caused by the compression and / or expansion of the liquid during pressure variations. Thus, the spar element allows the liquid to flow into the cavity when the pressure in the system is from a resting pressure to an operating pressure and to flow out of the cavity when the pressure in the system falls back from the operating pressure to the resting pressure.
    The spar element can be designed as a tack element, which at least partially thanks the opening. The tack element can be a pressure-sensitive membrane, a perforated lid element or a non-woven fabric. Pressure-sensitive membranes, lid elements and non-woven fabrics, such as filter paper, can prevent the mixing of water shoes between the cavity of the sampling unit and the system when the system has a stable pressure. Pressure-sensitive membranes can be made of a flexible material, for example of a polymeric material, such as fluoropolymers. Pressure-sensitive membranes are easy to shape and can be easily adapted to the shape of the sampling unit. The element can also be shaped as a perforated lid of, for example, aluminum or polymeric material. Sadana lids are also easy to manufacture and adapt to different purposes. The element can also be a non-woven fabric, for example a non-woven filter.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the saving element of the sampling unit may be in the form of a buffer device which can be arranged between the liquid in the system and the opening of the sampling unit. The buffer device can prevent the liquid from flowing into or out of the cavity at a stable pressure or at small pressure variations. Small pressure variations in the system can occur, for example, due to shaking or temperature changes.
    The buffer device is arranged between the liquid in the system and the cavity of the sampling unit.
    The buffer device may comprise a channel or the like which can be filled with the liquid pressure in the system increases, the liquid in the sampling unit comprising the buffer device is compressed and when the pressure drops, the liquid in the sampling unit expands including the buffer device. The volume of the duct is arranged so that the volume corresponds to the volume change caused by the compression / expansion of the liquid at a certain pressure variation, which is less than the pressure variation between the rest pressure and the operating pressure. Thus, the replacement of the liquid inside the cavity can be prevented at small pressure variations because the liquid is compressed / expands less than the volume corresponding to the volume of the buffer device at small pressure variations. If the pressure variation is equal to or greater than the pressure variation between the resting pressure and the operating pressure, the fluid is compressed / expanded by a volume that is stone equal to the volume of the buffer device. Thus, the compression volume / expansion volume of the liquid will reach the liquid in the cavity and an exchange of the liquids between the system and the cavity can take place. In the buffer device there is no mixing of the liquid and when the sampling is complete, the buffer device will be removed from the sampling unit. Through the buffer device, small frequent exchanges and mixing of the liquid in the cavity can be prevented.
    The channel of the buffer device can be designed, for example, as a buffer tube with a certain volume. The buffer tube can also be used to reduce the yield in a sampling unit at a given pressure variation. For example, if the yield is optimal for a pressure variation of 12 bar and the system has a 15 bar pressure variation, the volume of the buffer device can be determined to a compression volume corresponding to compression at 3 bar overpressure. When the pressure is up to 3 bar, the liquid is compressed by a volume corresponding to the volume in the buffer tube, and thus the liquid in the cavity is not affected. In case of stone pressure variations, the liquid in the cavity is also compressed / expanded.
    According to a further embodiment of the invention, the locking element can also be formed as a non-return valve arrangement. The non-return valve arrangement is adapted to be in contact with the opening and the liquid in the system. The non-return valve arrangement comprises a first non-return valve which allows the Wide of the vat into the cavity and a second non-return valve which allows the Wide of the vat out of the cavity during pressure variations. Each of the non-return valves preferably has a certain actuating pressure, which means that the valve is opened when the flow caused by the pressure variation has 11 higher pressures than the actuating pressure of the non-return valve. In this way, frequent replacement of the liquid inside the cavity can be counteracted by small pressure variations in the system.
    The sampling unit may comprise a flexible rocker portion, which means that the volume of the cavity is when the sampling unit or liquid is subjected to overpressure, and that the volume of the cavity decreases when the pressure drops after the liquid has been subjected to the overpressure. The volume of the sampling unit can be increased by the flexible rocking part springing out due to the pressure in the liquid, which flows into the cavity when the pressure in the system increases. When the pressure then drops, the liquid inside the cavity expands and a small volume of the liquid flows out of the cavity and then the volume of the cavity is also reduced by the flexible rock part springing back to its original shape. A sampling unit with a flexible cradle section is particularly suitable for use in systems where the pressure variation between the resting pressure and the operating pressure is not so great, for example in a branch system's legal pressure system, where the pressure variation is below about 12 bar. A sampling unit with the flexible cradle portion can be used, for example, in combination with a tack element or a buffer device.
    The invention also relates to a system which has been subjected to pressure variations between a rest pressure and an operating pressure. The system comprises a persistent component which contains or transports a liquid. The system comprises a sampling unit as above mounted in the hollow component. When the sampling unit is mounted in the component, which can take place, for example, continuously in the cradle of the component, it comes into contact with the liquid in a cavity of the component. The assembly of the sampling unit can take place in different ways. For example, the cradle can be drilled so that a continuous slip is formed in the cradle. Then the sampling unit is mounted and salted in Mien with the help of a suitable fastening device. For example, the sampling unit may be shaped as a screw with a cavity forming the cavity, and the attachment may be made by means of passages on the outside of the screw. However, the sampling unit can be mounted in the component using other fastening methods, and can for example be placed inside a component and screwed on the inside of the component cradle so that the liquid can flow into the cavity through the opening when the pressure increases and out of the cavity when the pressure drops. 12 The sampling unit is preferably removably mounted in the system. In this way, the sink can be emptied or removed from the cavity in a simple manner.
    Preferably, the system is a fuel system comprising a plurality of components. The components consist of at least one branch line, a feed pump, a main fuel filter, a high-pressure pump, an accumulator and an injection system, which components are connected to one or more branch lines. The high pressure pump, accumulator and injection system are components of the high pressure system of the fuel system and the feed pump and main fuel filter are components of the low pressure system of the fuel system. The pressure in the high pressure system can be about 1800-2500 bar and the pressure in the low pressure system can be about 615 bar. At least one sampling unit as above may be mounted in at least one of the components of the fuel system. The sampling unit may be mounted in a component of the industrial pressure system. A simple replacement and monitoring of the sampling unit is permitted if it is mounted in the fuel system's legal pressure system. When the sampling unit is mounted in the offset pressure system, it preferably includes the above-mentioned flexible wall portion, which means that the volume of the cavity is when the pressure in the system is from a resting pressure to an operating pressure, and that the cavity volume decreases when the pressure in the system drops from the operating pressure to the resting pressure. Alternatively, the sampling unit may comprise the above-mentioned buffer device and on this salt counteract frequent changes of the sink inside the cavity with small pressure variations. The sampling unit can, for example, be mounted in the main fuel filter. The sampling unit may also be mounted in a component of the high pressure system of the fuel system. When the sampling unit is mounted in the high-pressure system, the sampling is only slightly or not at all affected by temperature variations in the environment, as the pressure in the high-pressure system exceeds the ambient pressure several times. Since the pressure in the high-pressure system is Mgt, often above 2000 bar, a stone compression of the sink inside the cavity is achieved in the low-pressure system. When the sampling unit is mounted in the high-pressure system, the sampling unit may comprise the buffer device described above and in this way counteract an excessive yield of the liquid inside the cavity. When the buffer device is designed as a root, its volume 13 is determined to a compression volume corresponding to compression at a certain pressure variation.
    Preferably, the liquid is a fuel and the system is a fuel system and the substance to be analyzed is sulfur.
    In order to determine the sulfur content of the fuel, the liquid must be analyzed. This usually takes place after the sampling unit has been dismantled from the fuel system. The sulfur content of the fuel can be analyzed according to standard methods as described, for example, in Swedish Standard SS-EN ISO 10 20884 (Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content in motor fuel - Voltage dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 20884: 2011) and / or Swedish Standard SS-EN ISO 20846 (Petrole Determination of sulfur content in motor fuel Ultraviolet fluorescence method (ISO 20846: 2011) The analysis result gives an indication of whether the fuel provided has a sulfur content which is higher than the recommended level for the fuel, which is below 10 ppm.
    Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
    Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a vehicle 1, which vehicle comprises a fuel system 4 for an internal combustion engine 2, which system comprises a sampling unit 100 according to the invention. The internal combustion engine 2 is connected to a gearbox 6, which is connected to the drive wheel 8 of the vehicle 1 via a transmission. The vehicle also includes a chassis 10.
    Fig. 2 shows an example of a wiring diagram for a fuel system 4 for an internal combustion engine 2. The sampling unit 100 according to the present invention can be used, for example, in such a fuel system, but other variants of fuel systems may come into question. The sampling unit can also be used in other fluid systems, e.g. in the process industry.
    The fuel system 4 comprises several components, of which a main fuel filter 12, a high-pressure pump 14, an accumulator in the form of a so-called common rail 16, and an injection system 18 are schematically shown in the form of a fuel injector arranged at the internal combustion engine 2 (the internal combustion engine 2 is shown in Fig. 1). Alternatively, common rail 16 can be replaced with another form of injection system 18, for example piezo or unit injection system. The high pressure pump 14, common rail 16 and the injection system 18 form components of the high pressure system 4 of the fuel system 4. A sampling unit according to the present invention can be placed in any of the high pressure system components, for example in a fuel line between high pressure pump 14 and common rail 16.
    The fuel system 4 also comprises a fuel tank 20 and a feed pump 26. These components may be arranged at the chassis 10 of the vehicle (chassis 10 is shown in Fig. 1). The main fuel filter 12 is arranged downstream of the pump 26 and upstream of the high pressure pump 14 in the fuel system 4. The sampling unit 100 may be mounted in the main fuel filter 12, as shown in this example, but other locations are also possible, for example in a fuel line 40.
    The feed pump 26 pressurizes the fuel in a low pressure system 21 of the fuel system and feeds the fuel from the fuel tank 20 via the fuel line 40 through the main fuel filter 12 and further to the high pressure pump 14. With high pressure the fuel is then fed to the common rail 16 and further to the injection system 18.
    Figs. 3a-3d schematically show the operation of a sampling unit 300 according to the invention.
    The sampling unit 300 comprises a cradle portion 317 which partially surrounds a cavity 301, an opening 303 and a spreading element 305. The spreading element 305 and the opening 303 are arranged to be in contact with a liquid 307, for example a branch, to be analyzed. The liquid sample can be collected continuously for a period of time from the liquid 307 in the system with which the sampling unit 300 is in contact. The sample collection takes place by first filling the cavity with a starting liquid, which can be "pure" liquid 309, for example fuel whose sulfur content is equal to or below ppm, as shown in Fig. 3a. Fig. 3b shows that under overpressure, the liquid 309 contained in the cavity 301 is compressed, and therefore a small amount of liquid 311 from a surrounding component 360, which in this case is a fuel line, can flow in through the opening 303 and through the track element 305. In Fig. 3c it is shown that under overpressure the water shoes 311 and 309, which are shown in Fig. 3b, are mixed and a water 313 with a new composition is formed. Fig. 3d shows that the liquid 313 in the cavity 301 expands after the pressure drops, and approximately a corresponding amount of liquid 313 which was poured in (liquid 311), flows out through the opening 303 and the ratchet element 305. During the continuous sampling period several cycles take place. of overpressure and subsequent pressure drop.
    Fig. 4 shows an example of a possible design of the sampling unit according to the invention.
    The sampling unit 400 comprises a cradle portion 417 which partially surrounds a cavity 401, an opening 403 and a track element 405. The sampling unit 400 is formed as a screw, i.e. a screw comprising a cavity constituting the cavity, and the fastening Ors by means of passages 415 on the outside of the screw. The cavity 401 has an elongated cylindrical shape. The spreading element 405 may, for example, be a pressure-sensitive membrane of polymeric material.
    In Fig. 5 it is shown that the sampling unit 400 is mounted in a main fuel filter 120, which forms a component of a fuel pressure system 21 of a fuel system 4 (shown in Fig. 2) and includes a filter 125. The sampling unit 400 is screwed into an opening 123 in one of the main fuel filters. cradles 121.
    Figs. 6a-6c schematically show the operation of a sampling unit 600, which comprises a cradle portion 617 and a flexible cradle portion 615, which together partially surround a cavity 601. In the corresponding manner described above in connection with Figs. 3a-3d, the sampling unit comprises 600 cavity 601, an opening 603 and a track element 605. The opening 603 and the tensioning element 605 are arranged to be in contact with a fluid 607, for example a branch, to be analyzed. The liquid sample can be collected continuously from the liquid 607, with which the sampling unit 600 is in contact. The sample collection takes place by first filling the cavity with a starting liquid, which may be a "pure" liquid 609, for example fuel whose sulfur content is below 10 ppm, as shown in Fig. 6a. Under overpressure, the flexible cradle portion 615 feeds out and in this way a stone volume of the cavity 601 is allowed, as shown in Fig. 6b. A small amount of liquid from a surrounding component 660, which in this case is a fuel line, can flow in through the opening 603 and the trace element 605 due to the compression, mix with the liquid 609 and form a mixed liquid 613. In Fig. 6c it is shown that When the pressure drops back to the resting pressure, which may correspond to atmospheric pressure, the flexible rocker portion 615 feeds back to its original shape and about a corresponding amount of liquid that is let in flows out through the opening 603 and the trace element 605. The flexible rocker portion 615 causes the cavity 601 volume increases under overpressure, and that the volume of the cavity 601 decreases when the pressure falls back to the resting pressure. In this way, a volume of liquid 607 from component 660 can be mixed with liquid 609 in the cavity.
    Fig. 7a shows a further embodiment of the sampling unit 700 according to the present invention. The sampling unit 700 comprises a cradle portion 717 which partly surrounds a cavity 701, an opening 703 and a spar element in the form of a buffer tube 720. The cavity 701 has a cylindrical shape. The buffer tube 720 is arranged between a hollow component 760 and the opening 703 of the sampling unit 700. The tube 720 forms a channel, and is filled with liquid. Fig. 7b shows that the liquid is compressed with a small volume which corresponds to a part of the volume of the buffer tube at a slight pressure increase. The volume of the buffer tube is arranged so that the tube can receive a small amount of liquid when only a small pressure variation in the liquid occurs in relation to the ambient pressure, for example due to disturbances in the system, variations in ambient air pressure or temperature changes that allow smaller pressure variations.
    Fig. 7c shows a situation when the pressure increases from a resting pressure to an operating pressure. The fluid is compressed at a volume equal to the volume of the tube 720, and therefore a portion of the fluid from the hollow component 760 may flow into the cavity 701, as illustrated by the arrow 730. When the pressure then drops back from the operating pressure to the resting pressure , for example, the fluid expands with a volume greater than the volume of the tube 720 (not shown), thereby filling the cavity and the tube 720 with the fluid from the cavity. During the sampling period, several cycles of compression and expansion take place and thereby a part of the liquid can be replaced in the cavity 701. In this way it can be ensured that the liquid in the cavity is mixed with the liquid outside the cavity at operating conditions as the pressure varies between rest pressure and operating pressure.
    The present description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purpose of illustrating and describing the invention. The described embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention. 17
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    A sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700; 700) for a liquid sample, preferably for an industry intended for an internal combustion engine (2), which sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is adapted to be mounted in a system of pressure variations, which system contains or transports a liquid, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) comprises a cradle portion (317; 417; 617; 717) which partially surrounds a cavity (301 401; 601; 701) which is filled with liquid, an opening (303; 403; 603; 703) provided with a spar element (305; 405; 605; 705; 720) which is adapted to be in contact with the liquid in the system, which spar element (305; 405; 605; 705; 720) prevents the Wide of the liquid into or out of the cavity at a substantially stable pressure in the system, but allows the liquid to flow into the cavity (301; 401; 601; 701) when the pressure in the system increases from a resting pressure to an operating pressure, and out of the cavity when the pressure in the system drops back from the operating pressure to the resting pressure.
    [2]
    Sampling unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the spar element (305; 405; 605; 705; 720) is designed as a tack element (305; 405; 605; 705), which at least partially thanks the opening (303; 403; 603; 703 ).
    [3]
    Sampling unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the cover element (305; 405; 605; 705) is a pressure-sensitive membrane, a perforated lid element or a non-woven fabric.
    [4]
    Sampling unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the spar element (305; 405; 605; 705; 720) is a buffer device (720).
    [5]
    Sampling unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the buffer device (720) draws a buffer counter (720).
    [6]
    A sampling unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the spar element (305; 405; 605; 705; 720) is a non-return valve arrangement, which comprises a first non-return valve which tinks the liquid of the liquid into the cavity and a second non-return valve which dilates the liquid wide out of the cavity. 18
    [7]
    A sampling unit according to any preceding hay, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) comprises a flexible cradle portion (615), which allows the volume of the cavity to increase as the pressure in the system increases from a resting pressure to an operating pressure, and that the volume of the cavity decreases when the pressure in the system falls back from the operating pressure to the resting pressure.
    [8]
    Sampling unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is removably mounted in the system.
    [9]
    Sampling unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (301; 401; 601; 701) has a cylindrical shape, for example an elongated cylindrical shape.
    [10]
    Sampling unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is shaped as a screw with a cavity constituting the cavity.
    [11]
    A system subjected to pressure variations between a quiescent pressure and an operating pressure, said operating pressure being higher than the quiescent pressure, and which system comprises a hollow component (760) containing or transporting a liquid, characterized in that the system comprises a sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) according to any of hay 1-11 mounted in the hollow component (760).
    [12]
    A system according to claim 11, characterized by the system is a fuel system (4) comprising at least one fuel line (36; 40), a feed pump (26), a main fuel filter (12), a high pressure pump (14), an accumulator (16) , an injection system (18), which are connected to one or more fuel lines (40), the high pressure pump (14), the accumulator (16) and the injection system (18) forming integral components of the high pressure system (19) of the fuel system and the feed pump (26). and the main fuel filter (12) is a component of the fuel pressure system (21) of the fuel system and at least one sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is mounted in at least one of the hollow components (760) of the fuel system.
    [13]
    System according to claim 12, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is mounted in a hollow component (760) in the low pressure system of the fuel system (4). 19
    [14]
    A system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is mounted in the main fuel filter (12).
    [15]
    A system according to claim 12, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is mounted in a hollow component (760) in the high pressure system (19) of the fuel system.
    [16]
    A system according to claim 15, characterized in that the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) is mounted in a fuel line in the high pressure system (19).
    [17]
    Internal combustion engine (2), characterized in that the internal combustion engine (2) comprises a fuel combustion system (4) according to any one of claims 12-16.
    [18]
    Vehicle (1), characterized in that it comprises an internal combustion engine (2) according to claim 17.
    [19]
    A method of analyzing a liquid by means of a sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized by the steps of: a) filling a sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700 ) with a startvdtska; 2. placing or mounting the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) in a system (4, 19, 21) in which the fluid is subjected to pressure variations between a resting pressure and an operating pressure which is higher than the resting pressure; 3. to increase the pressure from the resting pressure to the operating pressure and to allow Wide of the fluid in the system (4, 19, 21) into the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700); 4. to lower the pressure from the operating pressure to the resting pressure and to allow Wide of the fluid out of the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700); 5. removing the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700) from the system (4, 19, 21) after a period of time if necessary; 6. to taut the liquid collected in the sampling unit (100; 300; 400; 600; 700), and 7. to analyze the content of a substance in the liquid with an analysis method adapted to the substance to be analyzed.
    [20]
    Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the liquid is a fuel and the system is a fuel system (4).
    [21]
    A method according to claim 20, characterized in that the substance to be analyzed is sulfur. 1. bu 8 0 [. z • b H 81. 3/6
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3077786B1|2021-03-17|
    SE537652C2|2015-09-15|
    EP3077786A4|2017-07-26|
    RU2660053C1|2018-07-04|
    EP3077786A1|2016-10-12|
    WO2015084249A1|2015-06-11|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1351454A|SE537652C2|2013-12-06|2013-12-06|Liquid sample sampling unit, preferably for a fuel, where the unit is adapted to be mounted in a system of pressure variations|SE1351454A| SE537652C2|2013-12-06|2013-12-06|Liquid sample sampling unit, preferably for a fuel, where the unit is adapted to be mounted in a system of pressure variations|
    EP14867654.7A| EP3077786B1|2013-12-06|2014-12-05|Method for analysis of a liquid with a sampling unit for a liquid sample adapted to be fitted into a system with temperature variations|
    PCT/SE2014/051456| WO2015084249A1|2013-12-06|2014-12-05|Sampling unit for a liquid sample adapted to be fitted in a system with pressure variations|
    RU2016125754A| RU2660053C1|2013-12-06|2014-12-05|Sampling unit for a liquid sample adapted to be fitted in a system with pressure variations|
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