专利摘要:
SUMMARY The present invention relates to a frame configuration (I; II; III) for vehicles (1) comprising a front part (10; 210) and a rear part (30; 130, 160; 230), wherein said front and said rear parts are interconnected, comprising a first connecting part (50; 150; 250) arranged between said parts (10; 210, 30; 130, 160; 230) including a front branch section (G1) for connection to said front part and a rear branch section (G2) for connection with the said rear part. The present invention also relates to a vehicle with a frame configuration.
公开号:SE1251333A1
申请号:SE1251333
申请日:2012-11-27
公开日:2014-05-28
发明作者:Michael Sjöberg;Håkan Larsson;Anders Isaksson
申请人:Scania Cv Ab;Ssab Ab;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a frame configuration for a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a vehicle.
BACKGROUND The accepted way of today manufacturing a trailer frame for a trailer of a truck is to create an I-beam by welding together life and flanges of the dimensions required to achieve the desired strength of the frame. The most common is that the crossbeams, shaft bracket and other components are also welded to the frame. One problem is that welding significantly reduces the fatigue resistance of the frame.
EP1997717 describes a trailer frame where a frame part consists of a front and a rear beam which are properly joined with screws.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a frame configuration for a vehicle with good half-strength which is adaptable and thus increases flexibility and cost-effectiveness.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These and other objects, which will become apparent from the following description, are accomplished by means of a frame configuration and a vehicle of the kind initially indicated and further having the features set forth in the 2 cited features of appended independent claims 1 and 12. Preferred embodiments of the vehicle are defined in the appended dependent claims 2-11 and 13-14.
According to the invention, the objects are achieved with a frame configuration for vehicles 5 comprising a front part and a rear part, where said front and said rear parts are connected inboard, where said front and said rear parts are inboard connected, where the trunk configuration comprises a first arranged between said parts connecting part including a front interface for connection to said front part and a rear interface for connection with said rear part.
As a result, a simply adaptable frame configuration is obtained in that the aft connection part facilitates connection of front and rear parts of arbitrary length and which can consequently be adapted to different conditions. The connection part with front and rear interfaces allows easy adaptation for transition between different heights for adaptation to specific needs depending on the type of vehicle. Where the vehicle consists of a trailer, the connecting part with front and rear interfaces allows easy adaptation for transition between different heights for adaptation to the tractor, where a lower height of the front edge part is normally required. The interfaces allow the use of essentially straight beams, which simplifies manufacture and transport and consequently results in a cost-effective frame configuration. Furthermore, the connection part enables efficient uptake of voltages therein. In addition, the use of screw joints or rivet joints for minimizing material impact and consequently improved material fatigue strength is facilitated in that the spruce sections and connection to front and rear parts can be easily configured for screw and / or rivet connection.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, said first connecting part comprises a transition between said parts Iran a first height of said front part to a second height of said rear part. Through adaptation, 3 adaptations are possible without one and / or the other part having to be configured with such a transition, but can be manufactured with substantially straight beam elements. Where the vehicle consists of a trailer, said second height exceeds said first height, whereby adaptation for connection to the tractor of the truck is possible without the front part having to be configured with such a transition but can be manufactured with substantially straight beam elements.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, said front branch is adapted to said first height and said rear branch is adapted to said second height. As a result, the front and rear parts can be manufactured with essentially straight beam elements.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, said front and rear parts each comprise two mutually parallel longitudinally extending beam elements of said trailer. This results in a stable and hall-fixed frame configuration where crossbeams for further improved hall strength and stability can advantageously be connected between the beam elements.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, the beam elements of at least one of said front and rear parts are substantially straight. This results in a cost-effective frame configuration in that straight beam elements are relatively easy to manufacture, true that transport by simple packaging is facilitated.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, the beam elements of at least one of said front and rear parts have a U-configuration seen in a cross section. Because the frame configuration of trucks is usually manufactured by means of beam elements with a U-configuration where the life of the U-shaped beams is used as an interface for truck components such as axles including suspension, wheel frames and tie rods, taillights with suspensions, side skirts, rear undercarriage protection, side protection to existing interfaces of such a truck, which means that another vehicle 4 such as a trailer, largely consisting of such truck components, can be provided, which enables cost-effective manufacture of a vehicle such as a trailer.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, at least one of said front and rear branches comprises a screw connection and / or rivet connection for said connection. Screw joints and / or rivet joints do not affect the material properties to the same extent as when welding, which means that the frame configuration can be made lighter with retained half-strength or with 6kad half-strength with maintained weight in comparison with the use of welded composite 1-beams.
According to an embodiment, the frame configuration further comprises at least one further connection part of a substantially similar type as the first connection part. This makes it possible to further adjust the frame configuration as needed, where a further transition between rear and / or front part makes it possible to adjust the height of the parts, for example reduce the height where the specific height is not required due to half strength and / or as a interface for connecting vehicle components. and thus reduce the amount of goods and thereby make the Ora frame configuration easier for more energy efficient transport by means of the truck.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, the beam elements of at least one of said front and rear parts are formed by bending. As a result, the material properties are not affected to the same extent as when welding, which means that the frame configuration can be made lighter with maintained half-strength or with increased half-strength with maintained weight in comparison with the use of welded composite 1-beams.
According to an embodiment of the frame configuration, the web portion of the beam elements of at least one of said front and rear parts comprises a longitudinal groove-shaped reinforcement. This further improves the half-strength so that the frame configuration can be made lighter with the maintained half-strength or with increased half-strength with the maintained weight in comparison with the use of welded composite I-beams.
According to one embodiment, the frame configuration is adapted for trailers for lorries in which the front part is arranged for connection to a towing vehicle of the lorry, the frame configuration being arranged for carrying loads. However, the connecting part with front and rear interfaces allows easy adaptation for transition between different heights for adaptation to the tractor of the truck where a lower height of the front frame part is normally required.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the cargo taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals appear in like manner throughout the many views, and in which: Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a front view of a trailer according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a perspective view of a part of a frame configuration ion according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 schematically illustrates an exploded perspective view of a part of the frame configuration in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a connection unit of the frame configuration in Fig. 2; Fig. 5a schematically illustrates an exploded side view of the frame configuration of Fig. 2; Fig. 5b schematically illustrates an exploded top view of the frame configuration of Fig. 5a; Fig. 6 schematically illustrates an exploded side view of a frame configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 7 schematically illustrates an exploded top view of a portion of a frame configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS By vehicle is meant any vehicle which comprises a frame configuration arranged to support vehicle loads and / or vehicle components. According to one embodiment, a vehicle comprises a trailer of a truck where the frame configuration is arranged to be connected to a towing vehicle of the truck and to carry loads. According to one embodiment, vehicles include trucks where the frame configuration is arranged to support the truck's driveline, cab and superstructures with which the truck is equipped.
According to one embodiment, the vehicle includes a bus, where the frame configuration is arranged to support the bus' driveline and the buildings with which the bus is equipped.
By truck is meant a vehicle comprising a trailer and a vehicle for towing the trailer where the vehicle for towing the trailer can be a truck or a tractor.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a front view of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to this variant, the vehicle 1 consists of a trailer 1 of a truck. Vehicle 1 can be any suitable vehicle such as a trailer, a truck, a bus or a car.
The vehicle 1 comprises a frame configuration I; II; III according to the present invention. The frame configuration 1 for the trailer 1 has beam elements with a U-configuration seen in a cross section with outwardly directed web portions, described in more detail with the male reference to Figs. 2-5, with a surface area. An area A of the body is advantageously used as a cross-section for truck components such as axles including suspensions, wheel arches and tie rods, taillights with suspensions, side skirts, rear underrun protection, side underrun protection, the frame configuration according to a variant being similar to a beam. which enables cost-effective manufacturing of the trailer 1.
A further advantage of using such a frame configuration with beam elements with U-configuration for trailer is that, unlike conventional frame configurations of trailer, the beam elements 11, 12 with 1-configuration are adapted according to whether the vehicle has double wheel pairs L1, L2, R1, R2 or single wheel pairs L1, R1, where the beam elements 11, 12 for single wheel pairs L1, R1 are arranged internally adjacent to the single wheel pairs L1, R1 and where the beam elements 11, 12 for double wheel pairs L1, L2, R1, R2 are arranged internally adjacent to the the inner wheel pair L2, R2 of the double wheel pairs L1, L2, R1, R2 where the beam elements 11, 12 with 1 configuration according to conventional frame configuration for trailer are illustrated in Fig. 1.
Figs. 2-3 and 5a-b schematically illustrate different views of a frame configuration 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention and Fig. 4 a side view of a connection unit 52 of connection part of the frame configuration I. The frame configuration 1 according to this embodiment is configured for trailer for trucks .
The frame configuration 1 comprises a front part 10 arranged for connection to a towing vehicle of the truck, the frame configuration being arranged for carrying loads.
The frame configuration 1 comprises a connecting part 50 arranged between said front and rear part 10, 30. The connecting part 50 comprises a front 8 interface G1 for connection to said front part 10 and a rear branch G2 for connection with said rear part 30.
Said connection part 50 comprises a transition between said parts 10, 30 Than a first height H1 of said front part 10 to a second height H2 of said rear part 30, where said second height H2 exceeds said first height H1.
Said front section G1 of the connecting part 50 is adapted to said first height H1 and said rear section G2 is adapted to said second height H2.
Said front and rear parts 10, 30 each comprise two mutually embedded parallel longitudinal beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 of said vehicle. Said front part 10 consequently comprises a first front beam element 12 and a substantially parallel to the first front beam element Running second front beam element 14. Said rear part 30 consequently comprises a first rear beam element 32 and a second rear beam element 34 running substantially parallel to the first rear beam element 32.
Said connection portion 50 includes a first connection unit 52 disposed between said first front beam member 12 and said first rear beam member 32. The first connection unit 50 includes a first front interface 52a for connection to a first interface 12a of said front front member. 52b for connection to a first rear branch 32a has the said first rear beam element 32.
Said connecting part 50 comprises a second connecting unit 54 arranged between said second front beam element 14 and said second rear beam element 34. The second connecting unit 54 comprises a second front branch 54a for connection to a second branch 14a of said second front beam element 14 and a second rear branch 54b for connection with a second branch 34a of said second rear beam leg 34.
Said first connection unit 52 includes a first intermediate portion 53 between said front branch 52a and rear branch 52b. Said second connection unit 54 comprises a second intermediate portion 5 between said front branch section 54a and rear branch section 54b.
The respective intermediate portions 53, 55 constitute reinforcement at the transition between the respective front and rear beam elements and are consequently arranged to absorb forces when loading the frame configuration.
According to this embodiment, respective intermediate portions 53, 55 have a substantially flat upper part 53a, 55a and a substantially rear-shaped lower portion 53b, 55b arranged to run from the respective rear spruce sections 52b, 54b and obliquely up to the respective front spruce sections 52a, 54a. This enables consequently efficient uptake of voltages therein.
Through the connecting part 50 with connecting units 52, 54 and interfaces 52a, 54a, 52b, 54b a simple adaptable frame configuration is obtained in that the connecting part facilitates connection of front and rear parts of arbitrary length and which can consequently be adapted to different conditions.
The connecting part 50 with front and rear interfaces G1, G2 of the frame configuration In the trailer configuration, easy adjustment for transition between different heights is possible for adaptation to the towing vehicle of lorries where a lower height of the front frame part is normally required. The sections 52a, 54a, 52b, 54b make it possible to use substantially straight beams, which simplifies manufacture and transport and consequently entails a cost-effective frame configuration I.
Respective beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 of said front and rear parts 10, 30 of the frame configuration I are substantially straight. As a result, a cost-effective frame configuration is obtained in that straight beam beams are relatively easy to manufacture and that transport by simple packaging is facilitated.
Respective beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 of said front and rear parts 10, 30 of the frame configuration I have a U-configuration in the cross section, i.e. each beam element 12, 14, 32, 34 is formed by a U-beam, where the beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 are arranged relative to each other so that the flanges of a beam element 12, 32 are welded to the flanges of an opposite parallel beam element 14, 34.
The beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 with U-configuration thus have an upper flange 12c, 14c, 32c, 34c with an upper beam surface, a lower flange 12d, 14d, 32d with a lower beam surface and a body portion 12e, 14e, 32e, 34e which has an outer beam surface.
The body portion 12e, 14e, 32e, 34e of each beam element 12, 14, 32, 34 thus forms an outer portion having a surface plane which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal and transverse direction of the vehicle.
The body portion 32e, 34e of the rear beam members 32, 34 has said rear portion 30 including a longitudinal groove-shaped reinforcement 32b, 34b.
This further improves the half-strength so that the frame configuration I can be made lighter with the maintained half-strength or with increased half-strength with the maintained weight. Correspondingly, the respective connection unit 52, 54 of the connection part has a groove-shaped reinforcement 52c, 54c arranged in the rear spruce section 52b, 54b to fit with a front portion of the groove-shaped reinforcement has respective rear beam elements 32, 34.
Said interfaces 12a, 14a, 32a, 34a have respective beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 have front and rear part 10, 30 have a set of through holes 01, 02 and said interfaces 52a, 54a, 52b, 54b of the respective connecting unit 52 , 54 of the connecting part 50 has an array of through-holes 03, 04, where said through-holes 01, 02, 03, 04 are arranged so that beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 and connection unit 52, 54 can be connected by means of fixed elements in the form of screw joints and / or rivet joints.
Said connecting section C1, G2 having the connecting part consequently comprises a screw connection J1, J2 and / or rivet connection J1, J2 for connecting said front and rear parts 10, 30. Said connecting section 12a, 14a, 32a, 34a of the beam elements 12, 14, 32 , 34 of the front and rear parts 10, 30 are connected to said branch sections 52a, 54a, 52b, 54b of the respective connection unit 52, 54 of the connection part 50 by means of screw connections and / or rivet connections. Screw joints and / or rivet joints do not affect the material properties to the same extent as when welding, which means that the frame configuration can be made easier with retained half-strength or with increased half-strength with maintained weight in comparison with the use of welded true-beam I-beams.
The beam elements 12, 14, 32, 34 of the front and the rear part 10, 30 are according to an embodiment formed by bending. As a result, the material properties are not affected to the same extent as in welding, which means that the frame configuration can be made lighter with maintained half-strength or with increased half-strength with maintained weight in comparison with the use of welded composite I-beams.
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates an exploded side view of a frame configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention. The frame configuration II according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 differs from the embodiment in Figs. 2-5a-b substantially in that it has a second connecting part 50 in addition to a first connecting part 50 of the same kind as the first connecting part for connection between the rear part 130 which has an intermediate part and a rear part 160.
Said second connecting part 150 comprises a transition between said intermediate part 130 and rear part 160 Than a first height of said intermediate part 130 to a second height of said rear part 160, where said first height exceeds said second height. This reduces the height at the rear of the frame configuration III, which can be suitable for a vehicle where the specific height is not required in a rear part of the vehicle due to half-strength and / or as an interface for connecting vehicle components. 12 This reduces the amount of goods, making the frame configuration easier for more energy-efficient travel under the vehicle.
Fig. 7 schematically illustrates a top view of a part of a frame configuration III according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The frame configuration III according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 differs from the frame configuration I; II according to the embodiments shown in Figs. 2-6 substantially through the embodiment of the connecting part 250, i.e. the design of the respective connection unit 252, 254 of the connection part 250.
According to this embodiment, the respective connecting unit 252, 254 of the connecting part 250 has a transition between front beam elements 212, 214 of front part 210 and rear beam elements 232, 234 of rear part 230 so that the distance between the parallel running front beam elements 212, 214 differs from the spacing between the parallel rear beam elements 232, 234 is embedded.
Such a design of the frame configuration III is applicable to a motor vehicle such as a truck where such a transition can be adapted for driveline components such as the engine of the motor vehicle. According to a variant, the connection unit 250 has a corresponding transition in height as according to the embodiments in Figs. 2-6.
The connection unit 250 may have the same or different heights at the rear and front of the interface and the same or different widths at the rear and front of the interface.
The frame configuration can be adapted to any suitable vehicle, the height of the front and rear interfaces of the connecting part being adapted for the specific vehicle and vehicle components of the vehicle as well as any connecting vehicle.
The connection part can have any suitable design for adaptation to the specific vehicle. Fig. 6 shows the use of two connection parts. It is also possible to think of more than two connecting parts connected in a country-specific manner for adaptation to a specific vehicle, where the connecting parts have a different design at different positions along the frame configuration.
Above, in the embodiment of the frame configuration I shown in Figs. 2-5a-b, the connecting unit of the connecting part of the frame configuration is shown with front interfaces for adjusting the height of rear beam elements and rear interfaces for adjusting the height of rear beam elements where the height of respective front beam elements the height of the front branch of the respective connecting unit is less than the height of the respective rear beam elements and consequently the height of the rear branch of the respective connecting unit.
According to a variant, the height of the respective front beam element and consequently the height of the front branch section of the respective connecting unit exceeds the height of the respective rear beam element and consequently the height of the rear branch section of the respective connection unit. Such a design of the frame configuration is applicable to a motor vehicle such as a truck where such a transition can be adapted for driveline components such as the engine of the motor vehicle.
Above, the embodiment of the frame configuration I shown in Figs. 2-5a-b, the front and rear sections of the respective connection unit of the connection part have been adapted to receive and connect beam elements with U-configuration, i.e. U-beams.
According to a variant, the front interface of the respective connection unit is configured to receive and connect beam elements with a configuration other than a U-configuration in order that according to a variant suitable for trailers where the height of the front part, ie. The height of the parallel running beam elements to be connected to the tractor, according to a variant water plate of the tractor, is preferably as low as possible, allowing lower heights of the 14 beam elements with maintained strength, such as two opposite U-beams forming a 1-configuration or similar.
The above and rear beam elements with a U-configuration have been described in connection with the embodiment described with reference to Figs. 2-5a-b. According to an alternative variant, said front beam elements and / or rear beam elements have an S-configuration and consequently consist of S-beam elements. Accordingly, the interface of the respective connection unit is configured to receive and connect beam elements with an S-configuration. By using beam elements with S-configuration, the advantage is obtained that the plane of the load can be widened.
The above has different frame configurations where the said front and rear part includes two mutually parallel longitudinally parallel beam elements of said vehicle.
According to an alternative embodiment, said front part and / or said rear part comprises a truss construction in the form of one or more trusses where said connecting part is arranged to connect said truss construction via said interface of said connecting part.
According to a further alternative embodiment, said front part and / or said rear part comprises a sandwich construction where said connection part is arranged to connect said sandwich construction via said interface of the connection part.
In connection with the embodiment, the above has been described with reference to Figs. 2-5a-b, connecting units in which the respective intermediate portion has a substantially flat upper portion and a substantially bag-shaped lower portion. According to an alternative embodiment, the intermediate portion of the respective connecting unit of the connecting part has a substantially flat lower portion and a substantially bag-shaped upper portion.
The above description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the variations described. Obviously, many modifications and variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The embodiments have been selected and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, and thus enable a person skilled in the art to understand the invention for different embodiments and with the various modifications which are appropriate for the intended use. 16
权利要求:
Claims (14)
[1]
A frame configuration (I; II; III) for vehicles (1) comprising a front part (10; 210) and a rear part (30; 130, 160; 230), wherein said front and said rear parts are interconnected, can be drawn of a first connecting part (50; 150; 250) arranged between said parts (10; 210, 30; 130, 160; 230) including a front branch (G1) for connection to said front part and a rear branch (G2) for connection nned nannnda rear part.
[2]
A frame configuration according to claim 1, wherein said first connection part (50; 150; 250) comprises a transition (53, 55) between said parts Than a first height (H1) of said front part to a second height (H2) of said rear part.
[3]
A frame configuration according to claim 2, wherein said front branch (G1) is adapted to said first height (H1) and said rear branch (G2) is adapted to said second height (H2).
[4]
A frame configuration according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein said front and rear portions (10; 210, 30; 130, 160; 230) each include two mutually embedded parallel longitudinally having said vehicle running beam members (12, 14; 212). , 214, 32, 34; 232, 234).
[5]
A frame configuration according to claim 4, wherein the beam elements (12, 14; 212, 214, 32, 34; 232, 234) of at least one of said front and rear parts are substantially straight.
[6]
A frame configuration according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the beam elements (12, 14; 212, 214, 32, 34; 232, 234) have at least one of said front and rear parts having a U-configuration seen in a cross section.
[7]
A frame configuration according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein at least one of said front and rear interfaces (G1, G2) comprises a screw connection and / or rivet connection for said connection. 17
[8]
A frame configuration according to any one of claims 1-7, further comprising at least one further connection part (150) of substantially equivalent type as said first connection part (50).
[9]
A frame configuration according to any one of claims 4-8, wherein the beam elements (12, 14; 212, 214, 32, 34; 232, 234) of at least one of the front and rear parts are formed by bending.
[10]
A frame configuration according to any one of claims 4-9, wherein the body portion (32e, 34e) of the beam elements of at least one of said front and rear portions comprises a longitudinal groove-shaped reinforcement (32b, 34b).
[11]
Frame configuration according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the frame configuration is adapted for a trailer (1) for trucks where the front part (10, 210) is arranged for connection to a towing vehicle of the truck, the frame configuration being arranged for carrying loads.
[12]
Vehicle comprising a frame configuration (I; II; III) according to any one of claims 1-11.
[13]
A vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the vehicle is constituted by a trailer (1) for a truck, the front part (10; 210) being arranged for connection to a towing vehicle of the truck, the frame configuration being arranged for carrying loads.
[14]
A vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the vehicle is constituted by a truck where the frame configuration is arranged to support vehicle components. 34 12 r1 54 J232h / --------- jf 1 32
类似技术:
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同族专利:
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CN104870296A|2015-08-26|
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ZA201503740B|2016-04-28|
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PL2925589T3|2018-07-31|
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US20150321701A1|2015-11-12|
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EP2925589A1|2015-10-07|
SE537977C2|2015-12-29|
CN104870296B|2017-03-29|
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法律状态:
2020-06-30| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
SE1251333A|SE537977C2|2012-11-27|2012-11-27|Frame configuration for vehicles|SE1251333A| SE537977C2|2012-11-27|2012-11-27|Frame configuration for vehicles|
ES13858650.8T| ES2664996T3|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|Vehicle frame configuration|
CN201380068292.6A| CN104870296B|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|For the body frame structure for automotive of vehicle|
RU2015125462/11A| RU2603175C1|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|Configuration of vehicles frame|
PL13858650T| PL2925589T3|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|Frame configuration for vehicles|
EP13858650.8A| EP2925589B1|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|Frame configuration for vehicles|
AU2013352660A| AU2013352660B2|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|Frame configuration for vehicles|
BR112015012327A| BR112015012327A2|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|vehicle frame configuration|
US14/647,271| US9487245B2|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|Frame configuration for vehicles|
PCT/SE2013/051380| WO2014084777A1|2012-11-27|2013-11-25|Frame configuration for vehicles|
ZA2015/03740A| ZA201503740B|2012-11-27|2015-05-26|Frame configuration for vehicles|
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