• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A fuel combustion plant comprises a combustion chamber (2), a duct (6) for transporting flue gases from the combustion chamber to the environment and means for supplying air to the combustion chamber for combustion. The plant has means (11) for regulating the air flow rate, i.e. amount of air supplied per time unit, to the combustion chamber and a control unit (12) for controlling said means for controlling the air flow rate and thereby the combustion in the combustion chamber. (Fig. 1).
    公开号:SE1251136A1
    申请号:SE1251136
    申请日:2012-10-08
    公开日:2014-03-01
    发明作者:Fredrik Toepel
    申请人:Fredrik Toepel；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    In such combustion. For example, there are plants that analyze the content of certain substances in the flue gases. These previously known plants, however, in some respects leave something to be desired, especially in terms of simplicity and ability to effectively control combustion.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a plant of initially defined type, which provides a good possibility to control the combustion in the combustion chamber and is improved in at least some respect in relation to previously known such plants.
    This object is achieved according to the invention by providing such a plant, which has means designed to control the air flow rate, i.e. amount of air supplied per unit of time, of said means to the combustion chamber and a control unit designed to control said means for controlling said air flow rate and thereby combustion in the combustion chamber. .
    By controlling the amount per unit time of air supplied to the combustion chamber, an efficient control of the combustion in the combustion chamber can be achieved, so that by increasing such an amount an increased combustion and thus heat energy generated in the combustion chamber per unit time can be achieved. Correspondingly, combustion can be quickly “throttled” by reducing the amount of air supplied per unit of time.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the plant comprises other means designed to determine the value of a parameter associated with the temperature of flue gases resulting from the combustion in the combustion chamber and send information about this value to the control unit, and the control unit is designed to control the air flow control means of the size of said value.
    The temperature of the flue gases is a very effective parameter in terms of measures of the efficiency of the combustion, formation of coatings and the like. The development of the temperature of the flue gases gives a very good picture of how changes in the amount of air supplied per unit of time affect the combustion in the combustion chamber. It is pointed out that it is not necessary to measure the temperature of the flue gases to determine this, but this can be determined indirectly by, for example, measuring the temperature of some part whose temperature is dependent on the flue gas temperature.
    Measurement of other quantities, such as an electric current or resistance which is dependent on said temperature, would also be possible. For example, the control unit may be designed to control the air flow control means to increase the amount per unit time of air supplied to the combustion chamber when the temperature in question falls below a predetermined level and decrease said amount when the temperature exceeds a predetermined level. In this embodiment, the air flow means and the said second means can even be formed by a single means in the form of a temperature-controlled valve, the degree of opening of which is temperature-dependent and no real temperature determination takes place at all.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, said second means is designed to measure the temperature of the flue gases in a specific position in the flue gas duct, for example about 1 m from its mouth to the surroundings.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the control unit is designed to control the control means with the aim of keeping said temperature within a narrow range around a target temperature TM, such as TM at 4 ° C or TM at 2 ° C, or to keep the temperature at the target temperature . In this way, by regulating the amount per unit time of air supplied to the combustion chamber, it can be ensured that the combustion always takes place in the desired manner, for example with maximum efficiency and at the same time minimal deposition of coatings by keeping the temperature of the flue gases, especially in a certain position. the flue gas duct, at an optimal level that testifies that the combustion takes place in the desired way. According to another embodiment of the invention, the system comprises means, for example a wireless remote control, for adjusting the control unit's way of controlling the control means. This makes it possible, for example, to change a mentioned melting temperature, which constitutes another embodiment of the invention, so that, for example, this is + 60 ° C 1 m from the surroundings of the flue gas duct in order to achieve the best possible combination of high efficiency and low degree of coatings in the channel, to a different temperature, eg + 65 ° C, because this is desired for some reason. Such a conversion could possibly also be carried out due to a change in the type of fuel supplied to the combustion chamber for combustion.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, said means comprise a duct arranged next to the flue gas duct for conducting air from the surroundings to the combustion chamber and the flue gas duct and said duct are designed to allow heat exchange between the supply air and the flue gases. Such a combined arrangement of the flue gas duct and the line for air to the combustion chamber is easy to realize and normally cost-effective. An important advantage of the flue gas duct and said line being arranged to allow heat exchange between the supply air and the flue gases is that the supply air to the combustion chamber will be preheated by heat exchange with the flue gases, so that energy will not be stolen from the combustion process in the combustion chamber. . Supply of outdoor air is also more favorable from an energy point of view than using indoor air, which creates a negative pressure in the room in which the combustion chamber is arranged and this is compensated by consuming cold outdoor air in that room.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the air duct is arranged inside and surrounded by the flue gas duct. For example, the air line can be realized through a pipeline arranged in the flue gas duct running between an outlet to the surroundings of the flue gas duct and an air inlet of the combustion chamber. In this case, such a pipeline can easily be fastened, for example inside a flue gas duct in a masonry. According to another embodiment of the invention, the flue gas duct is arranged inside and surrounded by the air duct. In this case, the flue gas duct is advantageously formed by a pipe with a smaller diameter, which is surrounded by a pipe with a larger diameter, so that the air line is formed by the annular space between the pipes. This then means the advantage that the air supplied to the combustion chamber will "heat insulate" the flue gas duct, so that no additional thermal insulation material is required on the outside of the two pipelines to ensure that surrounding elements, such as masonry or the like, do not become too hot. . This embodiment is particularly well suited in the event that the plant is installed during new construction, where a flue gas duct is not already at hand.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, said control means comprises a fan designed to generate a forced air flow to the combustion chamber, and the control unit is designed to control the height of the power of the fan. As a result, the amount per unit time of air supplied to the combustion chamber can be effectively changed, and for example the temperature of the flue gases in a special position in the flue gas duct can be easily and precisely controlled by forced draft.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, said control means comprises an adjustable damper designed to be arranged in the path of said air flow to the combustion chamber, and the control unit is designed to control the position of the damper and thereby said air flow speed. It is quite possible to combine such a controllable damper with a fan, but it is also conceivable to have a fan without the possibility of regulating its effect and control the air flow rate by regulating the damper or even utilizing drafts for the transport of air. to the combustion chamber and regulate the amount per unit time to this supplied air by regulating the damper.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, said control means comprises a fan, and said conduit for conducting air from the surroundings to the combustion chamber has a branch with a first part leading therefrom to the combustion chamber and with a second part leading out therefrom in the space surrounding the combustion chamber and in connection with the branch arranged valve means controllable to set the proportions of air transported in the line via the fan into said first and second part. In this way, energy can be saved by heating the outdoor air transported in the pipe via the fan by the flue gases and supplying it to the combustion chamber in a proportion suitable according to the prevailing conditions, while the rest of the preheated air is supplied to the room surrounding the combustion chamber. in the living room where the wood-burning stove is located. This means that heat is also supplied to the air in said room through said second part. This increases the amount of energy from the fuel that is used for heating purposes. This saves energy and thus also protects the environment.
    According to a further development of the latter embodiment, the control unit is designed to control said valve means in dependence on said measured temperature of the flue gases in said determined position. It also becomes possible, which is the object of a further embodiment of the invention, to design the fan to be operated with a substantially constant power independent of said measured temperature of the flue gases, and still make it possible to maintain a substantially constant temperature of the flue gases in said flue gases. specific position. Consequently, this is achieved by constantly transporting the same amount of outdoor air in the line and controlling the ratio between air supplied to the combustion chamber and air supplied to said room by controlling the valve means in dependence on the measured temperature.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the plant comprises a device designed to emit an alarm signal when the control unit controls the control means to regulate the air flow rate to exceed a predetermined level. In this way a person can be informed that the fire in the combustion chamber is falling, perhaps because the fuel in it is running out, and the control unit seeks to compensate for this by supplying disproportionately large amounts of air. This device could be controlled to be in an inactive state through a so-called "by-pass" in connection with the start of the combustion in the combustion chamber, as the air flow to it is advantageously controlled to be at a relatively high level.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the device is designed to emit an alarm signal when the control unit controls the power of the fan to exceed a predetermined level.
    According to a further embodiment of the invention, the combustion chamber is included in a wood-burning stove for a dwelling, which is a particularly advantageous application of the invention.
    According to a further development of the latter embodiment, said second means is designed to measure the temperature of the flue gases in the flue gas duct about 1 m from its mouth to the surroundings, and the control unit is designed to control the control means by + 60 ° C as said target temperature, as shown be a favorable temperature to ensure that unnecessary energy is not released to the surroundings and coatings in the flue gas duct are kept at an acceptably low level.
    Additional advantages and advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a simplified, partially cut-away view of an incineration plant according to a first embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 is a section according to II-II in Fig. 1, 10 15 20 25 30 Fig. 3 is a Fig. 2 corresponding view illustrating an alternative possibility of arranging a flue gas duct and air duct, Fig. 4 is a Fig. 1 corresponding view of a plant according to a second embodiment of the invention Fig. 5 is a Fig. 1 corresponding view of a plant according to a third embodiment of the invention, Fig. 6 is a Fig. 1 corresponding view of a plant according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 7 is a Fig. 1 corresponding view of a plant according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 8 is a Fig. 1 corresponding view of a plant according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION The figures shown in the accompanying drawings illustrate an incineration plant in which the combustion chamber is part of a wood-burning stove for a dwelling, but it is repeated that all other types of incinerators are included.
    Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an incineration plant according to a first embodiment of the invention, which has a wood-burning stove 1 with a combustion chamber 2 for combustion of fuel 3, which is schematically illustrated by burning and burning solid material on a grill 4. From the combustion chamber 2 conducts in a conventional manner in the masonry 5 of the building the wood-burning stove is arranged in a channel 6 for transporting flue gases resulting from the combustion in the combustion chamber to the surroundings via an outlet 7, usually arranged in a chimney. Air is required for the combustion in the combustion chamber 2, and in this embodiment this is provided by means for this which are designed to force outdoor air into the combustion chamber. This means has for this purpose a pipeline 8 arranged in the flue gas duct 6, which has an inlet 9 at the height of the outlet 7 of the flue gas duct and runs from there in the flue gas duct to an air inlet 10 in the combustion chamber illustrated in the form of a nozzle arranged under the grill 4 .
    In the upper part of the air duct 8 a fan 11 is arranged to generate a forced air flow to the combustion chamber. A control unit 12 is arranged to control the function of the fan by varying its speed and thus power. A temperature sensor 13 is arranged in the flue gas duct, here about 1 meter upstream of the outlet 7, and arranged there to measure the temperature of the flue gases and send information about the measured temperature on to the control unit 12 which is designed to control the fan 11 in dependence on the magnitude of the measured temperature. In this case, the control unit can, for example, be programmed to try to keep the flue gas temperature at a certain level (a target temperature), such as + 60 ° C, which means that in case the flue gas temperature is lower than such a target temperature, the control unit will control the fan 11 to increase its power and thus the amount of air supplied to the combustion chamber per unit of time, and if the temperature were to be higher than the target temperature, the control unit would control the fan to reduce its power. The target temperature is chosen to meet the requirements that exist in each case for how the combustion should proceed. Advantageously, it is so chosen that it does not “fire for the crows” and that at the same time coatings in the flue gas duct are avoided as far as possible.
    It is also schematically illustrated how the system has control devices 14, for example in the form of a wireless remote control, for adjusting the control unit's way of controlling the fan 11, for example for changing the target temperature the control unit uses in its control. It is pointed out that the figure is very schematic and that in particular the control unit 12 and the various lines between it and the temperature sensor and the fan are arranged in a suitable manner in each case. At 30, drawing also illustrates very schematically how circulating underfloor heating water or other heat-carrying medium can be heated by heat generated by the combustion in the combustion chamber 2. This is a possibility that is not possible with conventional wood-burning stoves due to the flue gases then cooling down so much that it is unacceptable. rapid deposits settle in the flue gas duct. Thanks to adequate control of the combustion by controlling the air flow rate, here by controlling the fan, it can, however, be ensured here that the flue gas temperature is still kept sufficiently high.
    Fig. 2 illustrates how the pipeline 8 can be arranged in the flue gas duct 6, wherein the pipeline 8 can, for example, have a diameter of 30 mm and the flue gas duct a width of about 100 mm.
    Fig. 3 shows how, especially in connection with new construction, the flue gas duct 6 'can be formed through an inner pipeline 20 which is arranged inside an outer pipeline 21, the air then being supplied to the combustion chamber via the annular duct 22 formed between the two pipelines. . As a result, the flue gases flowing in the inner pipeline 20 will be thermally insulated by the air flow, so that no additional thermal insulation material is required between the outer pipeline 21 and the surrounding building elements to ensure fire safety.
    Fig. 4 illustrates a plant according to a second embodiment of the invention, and only that which distinguishes it from that according to Fig. 1 will now be described. In this embodiment, an alarm device 15 is designed to send out an alarm in case the control unit 12 controls the power of the fan 11 to exceed a certain level, which would then indicate that the fire in the wood-burning stove is falling and that more fuel needs to be supplied. so that a person is made aware of this and can add more fuel if desired. However, the alarm device 15 is inactivated when lighting a fire in the wood-burning stove, since then the flue gas temperature will be at such a low level that the fan 11 is controlled to run at high speed, which would mean a triggering of the alarm function.
    Fig. 5 illustrates how it would be possible to supply indoor air to the combustion chamber instead of taking the air to the combustion chamber in the form of outdoor air from the surroundings. Normally there are a number of advantages to supplying outdoor air, however, the embodiment according to Fig. 5 could be an alternative in certain types of buildings, such as large, partially open halls. Here, the fan 11 thus generates a forced air flow from the surroundings of the wood-burning stove and into the combustion chamber 2. Of course, the pipeline 8 'can be considerably longer than what is illustrated in Fig. 5 and take the indoor air from a room other than the one in which the wood-burning stove is located. .
    Fig. 6 illustrates a plant according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, which differs from that according to Fig. 1 in that instead of a fan, an adjustable damper 16 is arranged in the pipeline 8 for supply air. Here, the transport of air in the pipeline 8 takes place by natural draft, and the control unit 12 is designed to control the air flow rate in the line 8 by controlling the position of the damper 16, and this control takes place in dependence on temperature information obtained from the temperature sensor 13.
    Fig. 7 illustrates a plant according to a possible fifth embodiment of the invention, in which the air transport in the pipeline 8 takes place by natural draft and a fan 17 is arranged in the flue gas duct 6. The control unit 12 is designed to control the fan 17 in dependence on temperature information obtained from the temperature sensor 13, which will mean an indirect control of the air flow in the pipeline 8. If the extraction of flue gases from the combustion chamber is increased via increasing the power of the fan 17, this will mean an increase in the air flow rate in the pipeline 8.
    Fig. 8 illustrates a plant according to a possible sixth embodiment of the invention, which differs from that according to Fig. 1 in that the duct 8 for conducting air from the surroundings to the combustion chamber 2 has a branch 40, which is enlarged. 12 shown within the ring A on the right in the figure. The branch 40 has a first part 41 which leads from there to the combustion chamber and a second part 42 which leads from there into the room surrounding the combustion chamber, such as the living room in which the wood-burning stove stands. In the branch 40 a valve means 43 is arranged, and this is control it is possible to set the proportions of air transported in the line via the fan 9 into the first 41 and the second 42 parts. The control unit 12 is designed to control the valve means 43 and thereby said proportions in dependence on temperature information obtained from the temperature sensor 13. Hereby, the fan 9 can, if desired, run full all the time and transport maximum amount of preheated outdoor air up to the branch 40 and the control unit 12 controls the valve means 43 to ensure that the exact amount of supply air needed to get to the combustion chamber to keep the temperature in the flue gas duct at the desired level is also led there. The rest of the preheated air will be led out into the room for ventilation of this with heated air. This means a very simple and thus reliable control procedure for keeping said temperature at the desired level, at the same time as the amount of energy present in the fuel burned in the combustion chamber is utilized to a very high degree.
    The invention is of course not in any way limited to the embodiments described above, but a number of possibilities for modifications thereof should be obvious to a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
    For example, features of the various embodiments could be combined in a variety of ways.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    A plant for the combustion of fuel comprising o a combustion chamber (2), o a duct (6) designed to transport during the combustion in the combustion chamber resulting flue gases to the environment, and o means for supplying air to the combustion chamber for the combustion, characterized in that it comprises means (11, 16) designed to regulate the air flow rate, i.e. amount of air supplied per unit time, of said means to the combustion chamber and a control unit (12) designed to control said means for controlling said air flow rate and thereby the combustion in the combustion chamber. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises other means (13) designed to determine the value of a parameter associated with the temperature of flue gases resulting from the combustion in the combustion chamber (2) and to send information about this value to the control unit (12). ), and that the control unit is designed to control the air flow control means (11, 16) depending on the size of said value. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that said second means (13) is designed to measure the temperature of the flue gases in a certain position in the flue gas duct (6), for example about 1 m from its mouth to the surroundings. Plant according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the control unit (12) is designed to control the control means (11, 16) with the aim of keeping said temperature within a narrow range around a target temperature TM, such as TM in 4 ° C or TM in 2 ° C, or to keep the temperature at the target temperature. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (14), for example a wireless remote control, 10 15 20 25 30 35 10. 11. 12. 14 for adjusting the control unit (12)'s way of controlling the control device Plant according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the regulator (14) is designed to enable changing of the target temperature TM Plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said means comprises a line (8) arranged next to the flue gas duct (6). for conducting air from the surroundings to the combustion chamber (2), and that the flue gas duct (6) and said duct are designed to allow heat exchange between the supply air and the flue gases. Plant according to Claim 7, characterized in that the overhead line (8) is arranged inside and surrounded by the flue gas duct (6). Plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the air line (8) comprises a pipeline arranged in the flue gas duct (6) running between an outlet (7) to the surroundings of the flue gas duct and an air inlet (10) of the combustion chamber (2) - Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the flue gas duct (6 ') is arranged inside and surrounded by the air duct (22). Plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said control means comprises a fan (11) designed to generate a forced air flow to the combustion chamber (2), and that the control unit (12) is designed to control the height of the effect of the fan . Plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said control means comprises an adjustable damper (16) designed to be arranged in the path of said air flow to the combustion chamber (2). , and that the control unit (12) is designed to control the position of the damper and the said air flow rate. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that said control means comprises a fan (9), and that said conduit (8) for conducting air from the surroundings to the combustion chamber (2) has a branch (40) with a first part (41) which from there leads to the combustion chamber (2) and with a second part (42) leading therefrom into the space surrounding the combustion chamber and in connection with the branch arranged valve means (43) controllable to set the proportions of air transported in the conduit via the fan into said first and second part. Plant according to claims 3 and 13, characterized in that the control unit (12) is designed to control said valve means (43) in dependence on said measured temperature of the flue gases in said determined position. Plant according to claim 14, characterized in that the fan (9) is designed to be operated with substantially constant power independent of said measured temperature of the flue gases. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a device (15) designed to emit an alarm signal when the control unit (12) controls the control means (11) to regulate the air flow rate to exceed a predetermined level. Plant according to Claims 11 and 16, characterized in that the device (15) is designed to emit an alarm signal when the control unit (12) controls the effect of the fan (11) to exceed a predetermined level. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber (2) is included in a wood-burning stove (1) for a dwelling. Plant according to claims 3, 4 and 18, characterized in that said second means (13) is designed to measure the temperature of the flue gases in the flue gas duct (6) about 1 m from its mouth to the surroundings, and that the control unit (12) is designed to control the control means with + 60 ° C as said target temperature.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE536783C2|2014-08-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1250960|2012-08-29|
    SE1251136A|SE536783C2|2012-08-29|2012-10-08|Plant for combustion|SE1251136A| SE536783C2|2012-08-29|2012-10-08|Plant for combustion|
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