瑞典专利SE1150132A1 Devices for positioning beam targets and methods for using them

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公开号:SE1150132A1
申请号:SE1150132
申请日:2011-02-18
公开日:2011-09-06
发明作者:William Earl Ii Russell；Heather J Hatton；Melissa Allen；Melissa Lynn Hladik；Samuel John Lafountain；Luis Alberto Torres；Erick Dittmer
申请人:Ge Hitachi Nucl Energy America；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[7] Examples of embodiments will become more apparent by detailed descriptionand the accompanying drawings, in which like elements are designated by like reference numerals, whichis given by way of illustration only and thus does not limit the examples of embodiments herein.
[8] Fig. 1 is an illustration of an example of an embodiment of a target plate.
[9] Fig. 2 is an illustration of an example of an embodiment of a target plate and detailsof beam targets and spacers therein.Detail A is a detail of a loading position in the example of the embodiment of the target.the plate according to ﬁ g. 2.Detail B is a detail of a loading position in the example of the embodiment of the target.the plate according to ﬁ g. 2.Detail C is a detail of a loading position in the example of the embodiment of the target.the plate according to ﬁ g. 2.Detail D is a detail of a loading position in the example of the embodiment of the target.the plate according to ﬁ g. 2.Detail E is a detail of a loading position in the example of the embodiment of the target.the plate according to ﬁ g. 2.Detail F is a detail of a loading position in the example of the embodiment of the target.the plate according to ﬁ g. 2.
[10] Fig. 3 is a detailed illustration of an example of an embodiment of a target plate withbeam targets and spacers arranged therein according to exemplary methods.
[11] Fig. 4 is an illustration of an example of an embodiment of a holder for a targetplate.
[12] Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing examples of methods of using the targetplates and goalkeepers.
[13] Detailed illustrative embodiments of exemplary embodiments are described herein.
[14] It will be appreciated that although the terms first, second, etc. can be used herein to describetear different elements, its elements shall not be limited by these terms. These terms are usedonly to distinguish one element from another. A first element could, for example, be nameda second element and similarly a second element could be called a first element withoutdeviation from the scope of examples of embodiments. When used herein, the term includes"and / or" all combinations of one or ﬂ era of the accompanying listed items.
[15] It is to be understood that when referring to an element such as being "connected to",lazy to "," paired with "," attached to "or" fixed to "another element, it can be connected or connecteddirectly to the other element or intermediate elements may be present. When referred toan element such as being "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another element, there isagainst no intermediate elements. Other words used to describe the relationship between elementsshould be interpreted in a similar way (eg "between" compared to "directly between", "next to" compared to "di-right next door ", etc.).
[16] The purpose of the terminology used herein is only to describe particular embodiments.forms and is not intended to be limiting of examples of embodiments as usedherein, the singular forms "en" and "ett" as well as the singular endings of the definite form "-en", "-et", "-n","-t" etc. also include the plural forms, unless the language expressly states otherwise. Dessu-it is to be understood that the terms "include", "include", "include", "include", "include"and / or "including", when used herein, specifying the existence of specified features, integers,steps, work steps, elements, and / or components but they do not exclude the presence or addition ofone / one or ﬂ your features, integers, steps, work steps, elements, components and / or groups thereof.
[17] It should also be noted that the specified functions / actions in certain alternative embodimentscan take place in a different order than that specified in the ur gurema. For example, two urer gures likeshown in sequence are in fact performed substantially simultaneously or may sometimes be performed in reverse order,depending on the included functions / actions.
[18] Fig. 1 is an illustration of an example of an embodiment of a target plate 100. Such asshown in ﬁ g. 1, the example of the embodiment of the target plate 100 may be a circular disc or alternatively,exhibit an arbitrary shape, including square, elliptical, toroidal, etc., depending on the applicationningen. The target plate 100 includes one or more loading positions 101 where beam targets can be placed andretained. The loading positions 101 are located in the target plate 100 at positions with known radii.levels when the target plate 100 is exposed to a neutron de or other radiation field. As usedherein, "radiation level" or "radiation fall" includes all types of exposure to ionizing radiationwhich can convert the elements into targets placed in the radiation field, which includes, for examplehigh energy ions from a particle accelerator or a neutron ﬂ fate with different energies in acommercial nuclear reactor. If the target plate 100 is placed in, for example, a neutron ﬂ desert at a particulardifferent position in a commercial nuclear reactor in operation, exact levels and types of neutron ﬂ fateat the loading positions 101 known, so that each position can correspond to a certain exposure level for onegiven exposure time.
[19] In this way, the loading positions 101 can be arranged in an exemplary embodiment.of target plates 100 to ensure that the beam targets at those positions are exposed with an accurate anddesired level of radiation exposure. As an example, it may be desirable to place the loading positionions 101 in such a way that each position is exposed to an equal amount of neutron ﬂ in onelight water reactor. When the fate profile for which the target plate 100 will be exposed and the target plate100 relevant cross-sections, including absorption and scattering / reaction cross-sections, are known,The loading positions 101 are arranged in such a way that each loading position 101 receives equal amountsamounts of beam, for example including letting the loading positions 101 be closer to the target plate 100outer circumference where ﬂ fate is greater, as shown in ﬁ g. 1.
[20] Fig. 2 is another view of an example of an embodiment of the target plate 100 where differentexamples of arrangements at the loading positions 101 and the beam targets 150 therein are shown in detailed viewsA-F. One or more holes 102 which are fully or partially extended through the target plate 100 may be located ata loading position 101 for holding one or more of its beam targets 150. The holes 102 may be of any shape.
[21] As shown in detail A and C, the holes 102 may, for example, be shaped to fitthe radius of the beam target 150 therein, including for example cylindrical holes 102 for holding cylindrical beam targets150. As a further example, the holes 102, as shown in detail D and F, may be shaped asslots for holding disc-shaped or flat beam targets 150. A number of beam targets 150 can be loaded into each hole102 on the basis of the estimated neutron fate profile at a loading position 101 in the hole. Loadingpositions 101 that are expected to be exposed to higher radiation levels may include, for example, the holes 102with ﬂ er beam target 150 loaded therein. While examples of embodiments illustrate holes 102 in loadingpositions 101, other retention mechanisms for radiation targets, such as, for example, adhesionenclosing compartments, are useful for retaining beam target 150 at the loading position.ionema 101.
[22] A single hole 102 may, for example, be located at the loading position 101, as shownin detail A, or several holes may, for example, be at a loading position 101, as shown in detailC. Examples of embodiments of target plates 100 may include many different holes 102 of different shapesand in different numbers at different loading positions 101. To accommodate different forms of beam targets 150 andon the basis of the known ﬂ fate profile to which the target plate 100 is exposed, for example ﬂ yoursquare holes 102 are placed at the loading positions 101 at the edges while a single cylindrical hole102 can settle at internal loading positions 101.
[23] The beam targets 150 can take a number of shapes, sizes and configurations and can be placedsealed and / or retained in hole 102 or retained by other retention mechanisms atthe loading positions 101 in many different ways. The size of the beam targets 150 can be adjusted in any waysuitable for the intended use (eg radiographs, brachytherapy sprouts, elution matrix, etc.).
[24] The beam targets 150 are strategically loaded at the appropriate loading positions 101 on the basis ofvarious factors (including the properties of each target material, known ﬂ fate conditions in the reactor core, thethe desired activity of the resulting targets, etc.) which are discussed in more detail below, in order to obtainproducts from the beam targets 150 with the desired concentration or activity level, such as a relativeuniform activity.
[25] The beam targets 150 may be of the same material or of different materials. Radiation targets 150may also consist of natural isotopes or of enriched isotopes. As used herein, it will be appreciated thatthe beam targets 150 comprise those materials which exhibit a substantial absorption cross section for that type ofradiation to which the exemplary embodiments may be exposed, so that the radiation targets 150 includematerials that will absorb and be converted to other elements in the presence of the radiation field.
[26] To maintain the gaps between the beam targets 150 and the alignment of the beam targets 150within a known radiation field to which they are exposed, one or more of the spacer elements 105 may beholding the gaps between and / or retaining the beam targets 150 within the holes 102. As shown in detail Bfor example, a single target spacer 105A may be placed in a hole 102 to hold andmaintain the distances between the beam targets 150 at the correct positions at the loading positions 101. Such asshown in detail E, one or more of the spacer elements 105B for the targets may alternatively be formed as a targetwithout constituting a target and inserted in a hold 102 to retain beam targets 150 and maintain theirsdistance at right positions within a hole 102 at loading positions 101 for beam targets.
[27] Fig. 3 is an illustration of an example of an embodiment of a target plate 100 in whichspacers 105B for the targets, such as those shown in detail E in ﬁ g. 2, is used at each loading positionion 101 with a hole 102. As shown in ﬁ g. 3, each hole 102 can be filled equally with a combinationof spacers 105B for the targets and / or beam targets 150. In accordance with examples of methods such asdiscussed below, the loading positions 101 at a periphery may contain a higher proportion of beam target 150 irelative to spacer elements 105B for the targets, while the loading positions 101 may have a lowerpart, to produce subsidiary products with a desired activity.
[28] As visati ﬁ g. 2, detail D can the spacers 105C for the targets, as a furtheralternatives be shaped like discs, with a thickness sufficient to distinguish the beam targets 150 ina slit-shaped hole 102. The distinction can arrange the beam targets 15 at a distance from each other on the desiredpositions for irradiation. Other types of spacers and retaining elements, including covers,glue, elastic parts, etc. may be useful as spacers 105 for the targets.
[29] Examples of embodiments of target plates 100 and each spacer element 105 therein canmade of material of the desired cross-section, taking into account the type of radiation field for which the exampleon embodiments can be exposed. Examples of embodiments of target plates 100 that are exposed toa flux of terrestrial neutrons can be made, for example, of materials with a low absorption andscattering cross-sections of terrestrial neutrons, such as zirconium or aluminum, to maximize thehorizontal radiation target 150 exposure to neutrons. On examples of embodiments of target plates 100exposed to an aggregate neutron ﬂ fate with a wide energy distribution, the spacer elements 105 toexamples are made of a material, such as paraffin, with a high absorption cross section for neutrons witha special energy to ensure that the radiation targets 150 are not exposed to a neutron med fate with justthis energy.
[30] The above-described features of exemplary embodiments of target plates 100 andthe known radiation profile to which the target plate 100 is to be exposed can be unambiguouslymake precise irradiation of the radiation targets 150 used therein. By knowing a ray ﬂ type of fate andpro ﬁ l; the shape, size and absorption cross section of the beam targets 150; and the size, shape, position andthe absorption cross-section of the exemplary embodiment of the target plate 100, loading positions 101 thereonsame and spacers 105 for the targets therein, the targets 150 can be positioned and irradiated, for examplevery precisely to produce the desired isotopes and / or radioisotopes. In a similar way canthose skilled in the art will vary all of these parameters, including the type, shape, size, position, absorbance of the radiation target.ion cross-sections, etc. in examples of embodiments for producing desired isotopes and / or radioisotopesper.
[31] I ﬁ g. 3 shows an example of an arrangement of target plates 100 where the outer loading positionsthe ions 101 will be directly exposed to higher radiation levels when the target plate 100 is placed in oneneutron ﬂ fate, such as that prevailing in a nuclear reactor in operation. A larger number of beam targets 150 can be placed ateach of the outer positions 101, leading to a smoother activity among the beam targets 150 in theouter loading positions 101. Fewer beam targets 150 can be placed in each of the inner loading positions.ions 101 to compensate for the fact that these beam targets 150 will be located further away from the island.thereby enabling the beam targets 150 in the internal loading positions 101 to be activated.levels comparable to those of the targets 150 in the external loading positions 101. Towards the rearhowever, due to the above discussion, it will be appreciated that the example of arrangement according to ﬁ g. 3can be changed in your ways to increase / decrease the resulting activity for each beam target 150 as a resultof the irradiation. The beam targets 150, which are made of materials with lower capture cross-sections for a particularradiation fields, can for instance be arranged at loading positions 101 which will be closerfield, while the beam targets 150 of higher cross-sectional material can be placed further away from the field in theexamples of embodiments of target plates 101.
[32] I ﬁ g. 4 shows an example of an embodiment of a holder 200 for target plates which isuseful with an example of embodiments of target plates 100 as described above. As shown inﬁ g. 4, the example of target plate holder 200 may include a body 201 which can be inserted into a beam.field. The body 201 may be rigid or flexible. The body 201 may be shaped and / or dimensionallyto fit into areas where radiation fields may be present, including, for example, an instrument tube ina light water reactor, a nuclear fuel rod, an access pipe to a particle accelerator, etc. Similarlyyour examples of embodiments of target plate holders 200 can be inserted and / or placed togethermen and the body 201 can be dimensioned and shaped to enable ﬂ your efforts, for example ina 4-inch hole commonly found in marsh reactors. The body 201 may further comprise one or ﬂ eraconnector 202 which can enable fixed holders 200 on extension or insertiondevices, such as a cable.
[33] The body 201 holds at least one example of embodiments of target plates 100.
[34] The spacer plates 203 may further provide securing of the beam targets 150 within exampleson embodiments of target plates 100 stacked in succession with spacer plates 203 on the body 201.
[35] The spacer plates 203 and the body 201 can be made of a material with a desiredradiation absorption profile. The spacer plates 203 and the body 201 may, for example, have a low cross section (e.g.about 5 bam or less) for neutrons with thermal energy by being made of a materialsuch as aluminum, stainless steel, a titanium alloy, etc. Similarly, some spacer plates 203and / or the body 201 is made of higher cross-sectional materials for certain radiation fields, such as silver,gold, a table-top material, a barium alloy, etc. itermic neutron ﬂ fate. The spacer plates 203 canstrategically placed on the body 201 due to its effect on the radiation field. Spacers 203with a high cross-section (eg over 5 bam) placed on each side of the target plates 100 can e.g.reduce or eliminate the irradiation of the radiation targets 150 therein from the side, leading to a desired activity.level of the isotopes produced by them. Similarly, annular spacer plates 203give maximum irradiation of the target plates 100 from one side.
[36] The above-described features of exemplary embodiments of holder 200 fortarget plates and spacer plates 203 and target plates 100 therein, and the known radiation profile forThe holder 200 for the target plate to be exposed can unambiguously enable precise irradiationof the beam targets 150 used therein. By knowing the type and profile of the ray of fate; radiation target 150shape, size and absorption cross section; precise placement of the radiation targets 150 within the radiation ﬂ fate; Big-the play, the shape, the position and the absorption cross-section of the example of the embodiment of the target plate100 and the spacers 105 therein, the position of the target plate 100 and the spacer plate 203 within the holder200 for the target plate; the size, shape and absorption cross section of the plate holder 200 and the spacer plate 203,for example, targets 150 can be irradiated very precisely to produce the desired isotopes and / orradioisotope. Similarly, those skilled in the art may vary any of these parameters in examplesworking forins to produce desired isotopes and / or radioisotopes.
[37] Fig. 5 is a flow chart of an example of a method of using an exampleon an embodiment of target plates 100 and / or holders 200 for target plates. As shown in Fig. 5,the user determines a desired isotope / radioisotope to be produced, and the amount to be producedprepared, in the example of procedure in S110. The desired isotope and the amount thereof can be selected onon the basis of an arbitrary number of factors, including, for example, an available radiation target,practical applications and / or an available radiation field. In requirement ﬁ of the conformity between theproduct and fashion nuclide, the user will also select the radiation target's 150 materials and quantity inS110.
[38] In S120, the user will determine the properties of an available radiation field. TheThe relevant properties may include the type and energy of the radiation and / or the variation of the type and energy ina special space. The user can, for example, determine the neutron vid fate variation and level ata special access point to a research reactor in S120. Alternatively, the user can determine the energygin and the type of ions recovered in a target position in a particle accelerator in S120.
[39] Based on the physical properties of the selected radiation target 150 and the radiation fieldproperties, both of which have been determined above, the user then configures the target plate or target plate.100, the beam target or beam targets 150, the spacer element or spacers 105 of the target, the holding targetthe holder or holders 200 for the target plate and / or the spacer plate or spacers 203 in order to providethe amount of radiation necessary to produce a desired amount of and / or activityfor the isotopes produced, in S130. Such a configuration may include determining the loadpositions of the 101 positions in the target plate 100, placement and positioning of the beam targets 150 in the targetthe plates 100, at the loading positions 101 with spacers 105 for the targets, and positioning oftarget plates 100 in target plate holders 200 with spacer plates 203 to provide an accurate position.ion for each radiation target 150 within a radiation field. Such a configuration may also include selectionof materials with known absorption cross-sections for a radiation spectrum relevant to the radiation fieldto produce desired amounts of radiation for beam target 150 located within that field.
[40] In S140, the user can then place the configured beam targets 150 in examples ofguide devices of devices configured in S130 and place them in the specified radiation fieldto produce the desired isotopes and / or radioisotopes in a desired amount and / or with adesired activity. Alternatively, the user may deliver or otherwise provide thegave the example of the embodiment of the devices to someone else so that he can insert itbeam targets 150 and irradiate them in the determined radiation field in S140.
[41] By way of examples of embodiments and methods thus described,more skilled in the art to realize that the examples of embodiments can be varied by routine experimentation.and without further innovative activities. Although various examples of embodiments oftor, holders and spacers are used in conjunction with examples of methods of makingdesired isotopes, for example, each exemplary embodiment may be used separately. Although cylindricalrisk examples of embodiments are shown, for example, devices of other types, with otherand in other configurations are similarly used in examples of embodiments and procedures.the. Variations should not be construed as deviating from the meaning and scope of examples offorms, and all such modifications as would be apparent to those skilled in the art are intended to be includedwithin the scope of the following requirements.

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
A method of providing a beam target positioning system, the method comprising: determining (S1 10) a beam target (150) and a subsidiary product made from the beam target (150); determining (S120) the physical properties of a radiation field to which the radiation target (150) will be exposed; configuration (S 1 30) of the beam target, a beam target plate (100), and a beam target holder (200) for producing the daughter product when the beam target (150) is loaded into the beam target plate (100) and the target plate holder (200) in the radiation field.
[2]
The method of claim 1, further comprising: loading the beam target (150) into the beam target plate (100) and the target plate holder (200); and irradiating (S140) the target (150) loaded into the target plate (100) and the target plate holder (200) in the radiation field to produce the daughter product.
[3]
The method of claim 2, wherein the radiation field is a neutron ﬂ desert comprising thermal neutrons produced in a light water reactor.
[4]
The method of claim 2, wherein the configuration (S130) comprises providing at least one of a shape, size and known absorption cross section of the beam target (150), a constant position of the beam target (150) in the radiation field to be maintained by the beam target plate (100). ) and the holder (200) for the target plate, and material for the radiation target plate (100) and the holder (200) for the plate with known absorption cross section for the radiation field.
[5]
The method of claim 1, wherein the physical properties of the radiation field comprise at least one of the radiation type and radiation energy distribution across the position.
[6]
The method of claim 1, wherein the beam target (150) is made of a material comprising at least one of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), erbium (Er), germanium (Ge), gold ( Au), holmium (Ho), iridium (Ir), lutetium (Lu), molybdenum (Mo), palladium (Pd), samarium (Sm), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and yttrium (Y).
[7]
The method of claim 1, wherein the configuration (S130) comprises, providing at least one loading position (101) in the target plate (100) for the beam target (150), defining a hole (102) in the target plate (100) at each loading position (101). ), wherein the hole (102) is configured to retain the beam target (150) in the target plate (100), and positioning at least one spacer (105) for the target in the hole (102) to hold the beam target (150) at a constant position within the loading position (101).
[8]
The method of claim 7, wherein the conjugation (S130) further comprises placing at least one spacer plate (203) in the target plate holder (200) to hold the target plate (100) and at least one loading position (101) at a constant position within the radiation field .
[9]
A beam target positioning system (150) comprising: a target plate (100) defining a number of holes (102); at least one beam target (150) retained in the tal numbered hole (102); at least one spacer (105) for the target, which positions the at least one, the beam target (150) in the ﬂ number hole (102); a target plate holder (200) holding the target plate (100); and at least one spacer plate (203) held by the target plate holder (200) with the target plate (100), the target plate (100), the at least one, the target element (105), the target plate holder (200), and the at least one spacer plate (203) is configured to hold together the at least one beam target (150) at a constant position within the radiation field.
[10]
The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one beam target (150) is a plurality of beam targets (150), and wherein the target plate (100), the at least one, target spacer (105), the target plate holder (200) , and the, at least one, spacer plate (203) is configured together to hold each beam target (150) of the number of beam targets at a constant position within a radiation field, and wherein the constant position of each beam target (150) has a substantially equal amount of exposure. against the radiation field. 10

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法律状态:

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

US12/718,260|US8542789B2|2010-03-05|2010-03-05|Irradiation target positioning devices and methods of using the same|

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