• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE1050070A1
    申请号:SE1050070
    申请日:2010-01-22
    公开日:2010-07-27
    发明作者:Mika Muinonen；Seppo Tuominiemi；Ismo Hirvonen；Markku Koukkari；Ilkka Jaervinen；Pentti Nisula
    申请人:Metso Power Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    transferred to water or to air. In a way, the auxiliary condenser is an artificial heat consumer that replaces the cooling effect of the district heating water during the hot seasons, and in this way the power plant boiler can be operated with greater loads to produce electricity.
    However, the auxiliary condenser is its own investment that is used only partially during the heating period.
    Brief description of the invention The object of the present invention is to present a new solution for controlling seasonal variations in the combined heat and power plant's heat load so that it is possible to make smaller device investments.
    To achieve this object, the method according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of the independent claim 1.
    The power plant according to the invention is in turn mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of the independent claim 7. In the other, dependent claims, some advantageous embodiments of the invention are stated.
    The invention is based on the idea that a condenser for the flue gases of the power plant boiler is used alternatively to heat the circulating water or to cool the circulating water depending on the heating needs of the season. In the former case, the flue gases of the boiler are conducted through the condenser, in which heat is transferred from the flue gases to the circulating water. In the latter case, the flue gases pass the condenser, through which air which cools the circulating water is led.
    The circulating water flows in a so-called heating water circuit intended for heating objects outside the power plant by transferring heat from the circulating water to internal spaces that are kept warm.
    Typically, the circulating water is so-called district heating water, ie. the power plant's heating water circuit belongs to the district heating network, with whose water several houses are heated.
    The largest part of the energy that the flue gases contain is so-called latent heat, i.e. the energy in the water vapor that has been formed as a combustion product. Particularly in the case of moist fuels, such as biofuels or waste components containing fuels, the proportion of latent heat is significant. This energy can be recovered in the flue gas condenser, in which the water vapor condenses and emits heat energy. With the help of flue gas condensers, heat is transferred in this way from the flue gases both to the scar water and to the boiler's combustion air.
    The use of a flue gas condenser is described, among other things. in the Danish patent specification 82767 which corresponds to the U.S. patent 4,799,941, and in the Finnish patent application 20075013.
    The flue gas condenser is used during the main heating period, whereby the condenser's heat energy is taken for heating by transferring condensation heat to the heating water. Outside the main heating period, ie. in spring, summer and autumn, the flue gas condenser may be out of use for empty. 4000 hours per year. The temperature of the return water of the heating water circuit tends to grow too high in view of the electricity production just during the hot seasons, during which the flue gas condenser is not used. When the flue gases are led past the condenser and air is passed through it, the flue gas condenser can be used as a cooler. When the return water of the heating water circuit is cooled with the flue gas condenser, the return temperature of the return water can be lowered, whereby the electricity production is increased. A separate auxiliary condenser is not needed, as the return water is cooled with the flue gas condenser and cooled return water can be used for condensation of the steam. In this way, the flue gas condenser can be used outside its actual period of use in a way as an auxiliary condenser by coupling a flow of a cooling medium instead of the flue gases through the condenser. The flue gas condenser is used longer each year, which shortens the payback period of the device investment.
    The flue gas condenser can be a mere condenser, or a scrubber with circulation for washing solution can be arranged in connection with the condenser.
    Brief Description of the Figures In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows in schematic view a first embodiment of the method, Fig. 2 shows in schematic view a second embodiment of the method, Fig. 3 shows a schematic view a third embodiment of the method , and Fig. 4 shows in schematic view the position of the flue gas condenser in a power plant.
    In Figures 1-4, the corresponding numbers are used for the corresponding parts, and these shall not be described separately later, unless it is assumed to make the matter clearer.
    Figure 1 shows the first way to use the flue gas condenser at a cooling power plant. Usually during the heating period, the flue gases coming from the boiler flow along a flue gas duct 1 to a flue gas condenser 2, from where they are further led to a chimney.
    The normal path of the flue gases, ie. The position of the flue gas duct during the main heating period is denoted by reference number 1. Via the condenser 2 a water circuit 3 is also passed which runs via a heat exchanger 2a in the condenser, in which heat exchanger the heat formed by the flue gas condensation is transferred to the water in an indirect heat transfer mode, ie. the medium which emits heat and the medium which receives heat are separated from each other on different sides of walls which limit the flow paths of the media. The water circuit 3 is a heating water circuit, with which objects outside the power plant are heated. The return water line of the water circuit relative to the condenser is denoted by reference number 3a and the line of water flowing to the heater is denoted by reference number 3b. A part of the return water line 3a runs in the form of a loop 3c via the heat exchanger 4, in which heat is transferred to cooled circulation water 5a by a humidifier 5 for the boiler combustion air. In this way, the temperature of the return water can be lowered even before the flue gas condenser.
    Figure 1 shows a connection to the flue gas condenser 2, which connection is used outside the main heating period. In the upper part of the condenser 2 an air duct 6 is passed, through which air taken from outside is blown through the condenser. The flue gas duct 1 which goes to the upper part of the condenser is closed in a corresponding manner so that the flue gases can flow past the condenser to the detour line 1a. Air that has flowed through the condenser from the top down flows to the flue gas duct 1 used during the main heating period, from which flue gas duct it is taken to combustion air or led directly along a duct 1b which branches off from the flue gas duct 1 which goes to the chimney after the condenser 2. a _ Air as flows through the condenser 2, the water of the water circuit 3 cools in the heat exchanger 2a, the temperature of the outlet water 3b being lower than the temperature of the return water 3a.
    The water circuit of the condenser 2, in which water is sprayed into the air flowing through the condenser, is indicated in figure 1 by reference number 7. The water circuit is always used when the condenser 2 is used for flue gas condensation. The water circuit can be used when the condenser 2 is used to cool the district heating water. In this case, the heat transfer is more efficient, but additional costs arise through water consumption. A pre-separator, such as an electrostatic precipitator, located in the flue gas duct 1 before the condenser is designated by reference number 8.
    A part of the return water is led via the loop 3c to an indirect heat exchanger 4, in which it is cooled efficiently with the water by the water circuit 5a of the combustion humidifier 5. The combustion humidifier is also out of use outside the main heating period, and air taken from outside can be passed through it, which air cools in the upper part of the humidifier sprayed the water of the water circuit 5a and is subsequently removed. Normally, when the coupling according to Figure 1 is not used to cool the water of the water circuit 3 and the flue gases are led through the condenser 2, combustion air can be taken into the humidifier 5 from the upper part of the power plant boiler house, whereby the temperature of the combustion air is higher.
    Even a drop of a few degrees in the temperature of the water circuit water helps to increase electricity production, as the steam condensation is more efficient. The temperature of the inlet water 3a can be e.g. 40-65 degrees and the outlet water temperature 35-60 degrees.
    The effluent cooled by means of the flue gas condenser 2 and the combustion humidifier 5 can be led through the condenser for the steam coming from the turbine, in which condenser heat is transferred back to the water.
    Figure 4 shows the position of the flue gas condensers 2 shown in Figures 1-3 in a back-pressure power plant. The connections are the same in both operating modes shown both during the main heating period and outside it, with the exception of the flue gas course, and both operating modes of the flue gas condenser 2 have in common that with the circulating water 3 coming via the flue gas condenser 2 the steam coming from the turbine T which heat exchanger the temperature of the circulating water rises at the same time. The effluent 3b from the condenser 2 flows to the heat exchanger 10 to condense the return steam of the turbine T, which turbine drives a generator G in the power plant.
    After the heat exchanger, the water flows to the district heating network, whose consumption object is denoted by letter K. The diagram also shows the combustion boiler 11, a fresh steam duct 12 running from the boiler to the turbine T and a channel 13 for draining steam emanating from the turbine T. the combustion boiler feed water tank 15 carried channel for the steam to be condensed is designated by reference number 14.
    However, the invention is not limited only to power plants in which the described connections are used.
    During the main heating period (in winter) the flue gas condenser 2 and the combustion humidifier 5 operate normally. In the case of large boiler loads, it is not a disadvantage if the heating water flows after the condenser in the heated state to the condensation of the turbine steam. When you lose heat from the water of the heating water circuit 3 in the way described above during the hot seasons, you can operate the boiler with greater loads and produce more electricity.
    Figure 2 shows an embodiment, in which the process is described only for the part of the flue gas condenser 2. Here a flue gas scrubber 9 is connected to the condenser 2, which scrubber is located below the condenser 2 in the same container. The flue gas duct 1 comes from the bottom to the lower part of the container. The flue gases first flow upwards through the scrubber 9 towards detergent spraying and then they flow through the condenser, which is located in the upper part, towards the sprayed water of the condenser water circuit 7. When the condenser is used during the main heating period, the flue gases flowing through the condenser emit heat to the water circulation 7 which in turn emits heat according to an indirect heat transfer principle via the heat exchanger 2a to the water circuit 3.
    When the condenser functions as a flue gas condenser, the heating water of the circulating water 3 is heated with water by the water circuit 7, i.e. the temperature of the effluent 3b is higher than the temperature of the return water 3a. Outside the main heating period, the flue gases are led past the container along the bypass duct 1a which branches off from the flue gas duct 1 before the container and joins the flue gas duct 1 after the container. An air duct 6 is also connected to the lower part of the container, from which air taken from outside is blown, which air flows through the scrubber 9 and the condenser 2 and at the same time cools the circulating water of the condenser 2. The circulating water in turn cools the heating water of the water circuit 3 in the heat exchanger 2a, i.e. the same effect is achieved - lowering of the outlet water 3b temperature relative to the return water 3a - as in figure 1. The scrubber 9 detergent circuit is not used. Air that has flowed through the condenser 2 is taken out of the flue gas duct (duct 1b) before the place, in which the bypass duct 1a joins the flue gas duct 1. This air which has been heated in the condenser can be led out or into the boiler as combustion air.
    Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the flue gas condenser 2 and the flue gas scrubber 9 are connected according to figure 2. Especially with this embodiment is that the water circuit 5a of the combustion humidifier 5 is connected to the condenser water circuit 7. When the condenser is used during the main heating period for flue gas condensation, the humidifier 5 to the condenser and this is sprayed into the flue gases after the spraying of the condenser's circulating water seen in the flow direction of the flue gases, i.e. higher up in the condenser 2. From the condenser water circuit a return line to the humidifier 5a emanates after the heat exchanger 5. When air is led through the condenser 2, the cool water coming from the humidifier is now passed past the condenser 2 directly into the condenser 2 water circuit 7 before the heat exchanger. for its part, in the heat exchanger 2a, the cooling of the heating water flowing in the water circuit 3 intensifies.
    Some solid fuel is burned in the power plant's boiler, e.g. biofuels or waste components containing fuels that produce moist flue gases that contain abundant latent heat.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    A process at a power plant, in which electricity and heat are produced so that pressurized steam is produced by burning fuel in a boiler, whereby by means of the energy of the steam electricity is produced in a turbine (T) and heat by transferring the heat of the steam to circulating water (3) in a heat exchanger (10), wherein the flue gases formed during combustion of the fuel are condensed in a flue gas condenser (2) and the heat thus formed is recovered, characterized in that the flue gas condenser (2) is used alternatively a) to heat the circulating water (3 ) by passing flue gases through the condenser (2), or b) for cooling the circulating water (3) by passing air through the same condenser (2) and by passing the flue gases past the condenser (2), the circulating water (3) having cooled in the flue gas condenser is used for condensation of the steam coming from the turbine (T).
    [2]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, at the same time as the condenser (2), the combustion humidifier (5) is also used for cooling the same circulating water (3).
    [3]
    Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the circulating water (3) is cooled in the condenser (2) in an indirect heat transfer contact with air which has been passed through the condenser.
    [4]
    Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the circulating water (3) is cooled in an indirect heat transfer contact with the circulating water (7) coming from the condenser (2), which water has been in the condenser (2) in a direct heat transfer contact with air. which has been passed through the condenser.
    [5]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circulating water (3) is hot water used for heating objects (K) outside the power plant. 10 15 20 25 10
    [6]
    A power plant comprising a boiler (11) arranged to burn fuel and to produce pressurized steam, the power plant being a cogeneration plant comprising a turbine (T) to which a steam duct coming from the boiler is led to produce electricity by means of the steam, and in the flow direction of the steam after the turbine a condenser, via which a water circuit (3) is passed to condense the steam and to transfer heat from the steam to the water of the water circuit (3), the power plant further comprising a flue gas condenser (2), via which is a flue gas duct (1) from the boiler and which is in heat transfer contact with the water of the water circuit (3), characterized in that a detour duct (1a) emanates from the flue gas duct (1) before the condenser (2) to lead the flue gases alternatively past the condenser, and that an air duct (6, 1b) is connected to the condenser to direct air through the condenser (2) instead of the flue gases.
    [7]
    Power plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the water circuit (3) is fed via a heat exchanger (2a) in the flue gas condenser (2). characterized by, that carried via
    [8]
    Power plant according to claim 6, the circulating water (7) of the flue gas condenser (2) is the heat exchanger (2a), via which the water circuit (3) is passed.
    [9]
    Power plant according to one of the preceding claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises a combustion humidifier (5), the water circulation (5a) of which is in a heat transfer contact with the water circuit (3).
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    同族专利:
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    SE534727C2|2011-11-29|
    DE102010005259B4|2011-05-19|
    FI20095066A0|2009-01-26|
    FI122857B|2012-08-15|
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    PL390285A1|2010-08-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE1426443B2|1962-09-21|1971-09-09|THERMAL POWER PLANT|
    SE455226B|1986-10-23|1988-06-27|Scandiaconsult Ab|PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR Flue gas condensation, as well as preheating and humidification of combustion air in combustion plants|
    DE19720881A1|1997-05-17|1998-11-19|Asea Brown Boveri|Combined heat and power station with conversion turbines|
    FI122905B|2007-01-11|2012-08-31|Metso Power Oy|Method and apparatus for condensing flue gases|WO2015088487A1|2013-12-10|2015-06-18|Siemens Energy, Inc.|High efficiency heat exchange arrangement for an oxy-fuel combined cycle power plant|
    CN104501198B|2014-11-28|2018-10-09|陈翔|Heat conducting oil boiler afterheat generating system|
    FI128210B|2018-10-04|2019-12-31|Valmet Technologies Oy|Method for recovering heat from flue gas of boiler, and arrangement|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20095066A|FI122857B|2009-01-26|2009-01-26|Method of power plant and power plant|
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