• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method and apparatus for preventing core melting in a nuclear reactor with a reactor tank containing a liquid. In the process, a neutron absorbing material is pre-installed in the reactor tank in such a way as to protect it from radiation. When a predetermined critical temperature is reached, the neutron absorbing material is caused to mix with the liquid. In the device, a neutron absorbing material (2) is pre-installed in the reactor tank (23) in such a way that it is located behind a protective layer (3) of radiation-impermeable material. Thermally controlled release agents (17, 18) are provided to release the neutron absorbing material for mixing with the liquid in the reactor tank when a predetermined critical temperature is exceeded. Fig. 1 Bengt Mattson 2010-02-28
    公开号:SE1000226A1
    申请号:SE1000226
    申请日:2010-03-12
    公开日:2011-09-13
    发明作者:Bengt Mattson
    申请人:Bengt Mattson；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    10 15 20 25 30 35 40 For additional insulation, there may be an outer heat-resistant jacket or coating. One of these can, for example, consist of ceramic tiles. In the space between such plates and the inner, radiation-protective casing there may be a circulating cooling medium, such as air or water.
    To release the neutron-absorbing material, there are automatically acting release agents, such as thermally expanding perforators, which penetrate or break up the wall of the housing and any outer jacket. The hot reactor water penetrates through the cracks of the heat shield to the lead screen, which softens, deforms and / or collapses, so that the water can be mixed with the neutron-absorbing material and spread in the reactor vessel.
    Particularly in particularly critical situations, an explosive charge can be used, preferably with a directed explosive action, which releases the neutron-absorbing material more quickly and disperses it in the reactor.
    The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows a horizontal section through a device according to a first embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section on a smaller scale of a device only partially shown according to Fig. 1 surrounded by a thermally acting release device; and Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section through a schematically shown cylindrical reactor tank with a device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
    The device 1 shown in horizontal cross-section in Fig. 1 is an elongate, preferably vertically directed construction, primarily consisting of a centrally arranged neutron absorbing rod 2, which in turn consists of - or contains - a neutron absorbing material, such as a boron compound. Concentrically around the neutron absorbent rod and at a distance therefrom, a tubular layer 3 of radiation-preventing material, especially lead, extends. This layer can, for example, have a thickness of 50 mm.
    Radially outermost, the layer 3 is covered with a perforated inner tube 4 of acid-resistant steel with a wall thickness of, for example, 8 mm.
    Concentrically around the tubular layer 3 and its tube 4 - and at a distance therefrom - an outer tube 5 of acid-resistant, preferably zircaloy-coated sheet extends. This pipe can have a wall thickness of e.g. 8 mm. Adjacent to the pipe 5 is arranged on the outside a heat-resistant layer 6 consisting of a Bengt Mattson 2010-02-28 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 several plates 7, for example ceramic plates or plates of some suitable mineral, such as soapstone. These plates can have a thickness of, for example, 30 mm.
    In the annular space 8 between the inner tube 4 and the outer tube 5 there is a cooling medium, preferably air, which is circulated in a closed system and is cooled externally.
    The plates 7 are bolted to the inner tube 4 by means of bolts 9, which extend through the plates and are screwed into the perforations (not shown) in the inner tube 4 and whose skulls 10 abut against the outside of the plates. Fig. 1 shows only two such bolts and only a few of the plurality of plates 7.
    Fig. 2 shows a device 11 for in the event of overheating, ie. risk of core melting, release the neutron-absorbing substance present in the rod 2, the device 1 shown in Fig. 1 for the sake of clarity showing only the outer tube 5 and the plates 7.
    The device 11 consists of a frame 12, comprising two opposite, rod-shaped members 13, 14, each of which is axially extendable due to increasing temperature. Between the opposite ends of resp. rod-shaped member 13, 14 is arranged a rigid transverse beam 15 resp. 16, wherein the said rod ends abut against resp. beam.
    The rod-shaped members 13, 14 may themselves be made of a material with a large length extension, or they may, as shown, each consist of two mutually displaceable parts 13a, 13b, resp. 14a, 14b (eg telescopically displaceable), which mainly serve for steering, while separate means 17 resp. 18 with a large coefficient of longitudinal expansion are connected to these parts and through them transmit longitudinal expansion movement to resp. transverse beam 15, 16.
    As can be seen from Fig. 2, the frame 12 is substantially square and connects internally close to the circumference of the thermosetting layer 6.
    At the middle of resp. transverse beam 15, 16 is arranged a breaker 19 resp. 20. Such may be in the form of another resp. transverse beam connected wedge 21 resp. 22, which is located on the inside of the tube 5 and is directed towards each joint between two adjacent plates 7.
    In practice, a plurality of devices 11 (Fig. 2) are evenly distributed along each device 1 (Fig. 1), e.g. with a mutual vertical distance of 30 cm .
    Bengt Mattson 2010-02-28 10 15 20 When the two beams 15, 16 due to elevated temperature are removed from each other due to thermal expansion of the rod-shaped members 13, 14 or the separate members 15, 16, the wedges 21, 22 will penetrate from inside the pipe 5 and in between two adjacent plates 7 and separate them, so that water from the reactor tank can flow into the space 8.
    The second embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 3. A cylindrical reactor vessel 23 contains a number of evenly distributed, conventional control rods 24 (only a few shown).
    According to the invention, a smaller part or volume 25 of the reactor vessel is separated from its main part 26 by a liquid-tight and wall 27 impermeable to neutron radiation, consisting of or containing lead. Volume 25 contains an aqueous solution of a neutron absorbing substance, such as a boron compound.
    In order to transfer the absorbent substance in the volume 25 to its main part 26 in the event of overheating and risk of melting, there may be thermally expandable devices similar to those according to Fig. 2, to break through the wall 27, and partly - for use if the temperature rises so drastically that these devices react too slowly - explosive charges, preferably with directed explosive action, triggered by explosive cartridges initiated via temperature sensors, to immediately cause the solution in the volume 25 to mix with the main volume 26.
    Bengt Mattson 2010-02-28
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    A method for preventing core melting in a nuclear reactor with a reactor tank containing a liquid, characterized in that a neutron-absorbing material is pre-installed in the reactor tank in such a way that it is protected from radiation; and - upon reaching a predetermined critical temperature, the neutron absorbing material is allowed to mix with the liquid.
    [2]
    2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the neutron absorbing material is caused to mix with the liquid by means of thermally acting release means.
    [3]
    3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the neutron absorbing material is caused to mix with the liquid by means of the force of explosives.
    [4]
    Device for preventing core melting at a nuclear reactor with a reactor tank containing liquid, in the practice of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that a neutron absorbing material (2; 23) is pre-installed in the reactor tank (23) on such that it is located behind a protective layer (3; 27) of radiation impermeable material, and that thermally controlled release agents (17, 18) are arranged to release the neutron absorbing material for mixing when exceeding a predetermined critical temperature for mixing with the liquid in the reactor tank.
    [5]
    Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the neutron-absorbing material is in the form of a rod (2), which is enclosed in a tube (3) of radiation-impermeable material.
    [6]
    Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the neutron-absorbing material is present in anhydrous form in a volume (25) separated from the main tank (23) of the reactor tank (23) by a radiation-impermeable wall (27).
    [7]
    Device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the thermally controlled release means comprise thermally expanding elements (13 - 16) and penetrating elements (19, 20) for releasing the radiation-absorbing material. Bengt Mattson 2010-O2 ~ 28
    [8]
    Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the thermally controlled release agents comprise explosive IIEI1. Bengt Mattson 2010-02-28
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE536194C2|2013-06-18|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2014-11-04| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1000226A|SE536194C2|2010-03-12|2010-03-12|Nuclear reactor device for the prevention of melting|SE1000226A| SE536194C2|2010-03-12|2010-03-12|Nuclear reactor device for the prevention of melting|
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