瑞典专利SE1000075A1 Device for heat recovery and moisture retention in walls

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专利摘要:

公开号:SE1000075A1
申请号:SE1000075
申请日:2010-01-26
公开日:2011-07-27
发明作者:Michael Gustafsson
申请人:Michael Gustafsson Med Mgus Innovation Fa；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

1015202530However, increasing the thickness of the inner insulating layer is not a patent solution, sinceas the marginal benefit decreases with thickness - the thicker the insulation layer, the smallerthe energy saving of the last centimeter of insulation. The price for every inch of insulation ishowever, the same and the thicker the walls, the more expensive the foundation, transport ofmaterials, material costs, manufacturing and the less building area or plot area becomesleft. Life cycle analyzes have shown that the difference in energy consumption for a wall by 290mm insulation and 490 mm insulation are just over two (2) percent over 50 years, with regard totaken to consumed energy in the manufacturing phase and the operational phase. (Source: Christer Harrysson,Professor of Civil Engineering at Örebro University httpz // wwwarkitektse / SS1636)To these disadvantages of increased insulation thicknesses in cold climates also comes onesignificant risk: the less heat that penetrates through the building structure, the lowerability to dry out moisture. Moisture is found in the material and is built into the construction phase, which leaksinevitably out through waterproofing layers and joints and penetrates through facades. In addition, willMoisten with moist outdoor air into the ventilated area. The thicker the insulation, the largerrequirements are placed on dense constructions. In practice, this means greater risks of moisture damage inoperational phase and problems in achieving sufficient density during conversion, as it isdifficult to connect the waterproofing layer of new building components to the permanent.
The object of the present invention is to reduce the need for thick insulation layersand minimize the risk of moisture damage. when remodeling, as it is difficult to connectwaterproofing layer of new building parts to the existing, as these are hidden inside existing onesstructures, larger areas must be demolished to expose them so that the required overlapand taping can be accomplished.
The above problems are solved according to the invention with those in claims 1, 2 and / or 3specified characteristics.
The proposed solution involves the heat transported from the hot sideagainst the cold is extracted from the structure from a ventilator closed to the outside worldspace by the air from this passes an air heat pump evaporator and is cooled tothen returned to the ventilated space. The one emitted from the heat pump condenserthe heat is used to heat for example pool, hot water, boreholes for rock heating, orthe surroundings. In its simplest design, you have two identical layers with an intermediate oneventilable space, for example in the form of a ventilable air gap, such as in a tent withlower tents and outer tents, or in a two-glazed window. The friend penetrates through one layer to itventilable space between the layers, where instead of just ventilating away the heating elements,air circulates in a closed system through an air source heat pump where the heat energy is extracted.1015202530heras, any moisture precipitates from the air and temperature-reduced air is returned to the ventilatablethe space. The different layers can have different good insulation properties, they can be single glass, fabric,fiber, sheet metal, brick, brick or other materials, alternatively thick insulated structures.
The heat recovery from the air from the ventilable space can take place continuously or controlled indifferent time intervals, controlled by different moisture content in the ventilated space, controlled by different outdoor temperatures.rations or for other reasons in different time periods.
In cold climates, innovation can be used continuously or for short periods of timeto recover heat losses through the inner insulating layer before they are lost tothe surroundings.
One can in hot climates use the innovation at daily intervals to at nightcool the wall from the inside of the air gap so that the day's heat supply does not penetrate the outsidethe layer and the ventilated layer in to, the inner layer - the outer layer is cooled from two directionsat night. In this way, you can reduce the need for daytime cooling, which is currently very largeenergy consumption, because you currently cool hot air during the day and cool the inner layerfrom within. With the proposed innovation, you can by obtaining cooler walls at nightreduce today's cooling needs, which provides a more comfortable indoor climate with lower temperature differencesbetween indoor and outdoor, as well as lower energy consumption.
Normally, heat and moist air from inside penetrate slowly through the insulating layeragainst the outer climate protection layer. The higher the density and insulation capacity, the lessheat and air leakage penetrates the insulating layer. To avoid moisture accumulationtowards the outer climate protection layer there is often a ventilated space between the innerinsulating layer and the external climate protection. In this ventilated space, outdoor air is releasedat the base and eaves, then heats up from heat loss and then rises as a result ofconvection upwards to be released through gaps in the ridge or valves in gable walls.
The proposed solution means that instead of venting away heat lossescloses the ventilation of the air gap, and circulates the air therein through a device consisting ofof, for example, pipes for transporting air, circulation ulations and air heat pump with supplyhearing units. The air heat pump extracts the heat losses to the air in the ventilated areathe space so that they can be returned to the interior of the building at the same time as the temperature dropof the air leads to the dew point being reached - moisture in the air falls out and is led away from the constructionand the air returned to the ventilated space has a lower moisture content than before,and thus greater ability to absorb moisture from the structure than outdoor air. It happens there-with a constant dehydration of the air in the ventilated space, which reduces the risk ofmoisture damage.1015202530By controlling circulation and cooling, it is possible in principle to keep the temperature in the air gapso close to the outside temperature that there is no temperature gradient that gives heattransport through the outer layer, which means that the heat dissipation through, for example, abuilding construction can be kept very small.
Theoretically, one can lower the temperature in the ventilated space lower than the outside temperature.temperature, so that the entire outer facade of the building is used to heat the ventilatedspace, for example if you have a glass facade and want to use daytime solar radiation andsolar heating of the air in the ventilated space. To lower the temperature in the valveHowever, too much space can result in frost on the façade, depending on the external climate.conditions, which may not be desirable.
A number of different operating conditions are obtained in the case of internal recovery needs:0 Heating is needed, the heat from the device is brought into the house or to the pool, rock heatingmeandering or other heat sink.0 With low or moderate heat demand, the recirculated (dried and tempered)immersed) the air is heated to intensify the drying of, for example, in humid conditionsmoisture from the layers surrounding the ventilated space.In case of inconvenient heat demand, do not use the device other than the moisture contentthe air in the ventilated space is higher than desired.0 If cooling is required, the air in the ventilated area can be cooled during the day or at night andthe heat is used, for example, for pool heating.
Additional advantages and features of the invention are set forth in the subclaimsof the exemplary embodiments described below in connection with the accompanying drawing. In this case, ﬁ g.1 - 5 different embodiments, ﬁ g. 6 a detail in ﬁ g. 5 and ﬁ g. 7 a further embodimentpel.
The i ﬁ g. 1 comprises a base plate 1, walls 2, a roof joist 3and an outer roof 4. The walls comprise an inner layer 5, an outside arranged with a realventilable space 6 (air gap) and then outside this an outer layer 7 consisting ofouter panel and inside this more or less insulation, alternatively none at all. The valvesonly the air gaps 6 in the walls communicate with a ventilatable space 8 in the attic,a cold wind between the roof and the floor joists (or in the case of furnished attics the ventilation of the roofcolumn). In the ventilable space 8, air is circulated with a ﬂ genuine, air from the ridge to amepump 9 and then via pipe 10 down to the ventilated air gaps 6 at the bottom of the walls 2plinths ll. The air is thereby circulated in the same direction as in normal self-convection.1015202530The air flowing upwards through the columns is heated in part by the heat that penetratesthrough the inner layer, partly of any heat penetrating through the outer layer.
In addition, the air takes moisture from the gap. The heated air rises and collectsat the ridge in the cold wind (alternatively at the top of the roof ventilation gap) and led to theevaporator of the pump which, when extracting energy, lowers the temperature of theflowing air. As the air temperature is lowered, the amount of moisture that can be absorbed decreases.race. In this case, some of the moisture in the circulating air will condense and itcollected and diverted, for example, through the house's sewer or waste water pipes (not shown)House. The cooled air is returned via the pipes 10 to the air gaps and is distributed there via distributiontube 12 to then rise again during drying and simultaneous heating. Thedescribed above can be carried out in wall slits only, in cold winds only, in the ventilation roof of the roofgap alone or in combinations thereof, as well as in combinations with ventilatable layers infloor constructions.
I ﬁ g. 2 is a perspective view of a vertical duct 10 for cooled air at an air gapthe bottom merges into a horizontal 13 provided with distribution openings 14 provided with distribution openings 14along the bottom of the air gap.
In Fig. 3, the outermost layer outside the air gap is confined to a panel or plate 14.Openable air intakes 15 are arranged at the bottom of the air gaps to be closed offﬂ genuine circulation of the air gap air allow natural ventilation when the device is not in operation,for example in the event of a power failure. At the top of the ridge, a collecting pipe 16 is placed, forto bring the heated air down to the heat exchanger from there. The collection tube 16 can alsobe connected to an evacuation shaft or valves arranged so that they open whenthe heat pump is not in operation, so that natural self-convection ventilates the construction. Equal-led, the construction can be provided with openable valves in the ridge or end wall toventilate when the heat pump is not in operation.
I ﬁ g. 4, a further example of the invention is shown. The outer wall layer 17 as wellthe roof is transparent so that the inner layer inside the air gap is thereby heated byincident solar radiation, which function is improved if the inner layer, for example, is black.
This heat is absorbed by the air circulating in the air gap 18 and is utilized via air heaters.mepump 9 for heating.
I ﬁ g. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention where the air pump takes its placeheat from the air gaps as well as from cold winds and ambient outdoor air to increasethe efficiency of the heat pump. The heat pump compressor 51 is arranged on the cold wind52, while the evaporator and mating unit 54 are arranged outdoors and the condenser 53 in1015202530the interior of the house. Because the heat pump compressor is arranged in the ventilable spacea number of advantages are achieved compared to known technology: on the one hand, there are defense losses in the process(compression) to be recycled, and the ambient noise level will be reduced.nimeras. By being able to take in a certain amount of outdoor air in the process at the same time asheat is generated from the ventilable space, more air is returned to the base level than beforeis taken out in the ridge, and all ﬂ genuinely ventilated spaces thus receive a higher air pressure thanboth environment and indoors, which significantly reduces the amount of moist air that cansucked from the inside out by leaks and damage, while blowing moisture in the outer layerout from within. Said pressure increase thus provides increased security against known problems. I ﬁ g. 6 shows howthe air circulation can be arranged to and from the evaporator for the circulating air. I ﬁ g. 6aonly circulating air passes from the ventilable space past the evaporator, in ﬁ g. 6boutdoor air is also supplied to obtain the desired pressure increase in the ventilable spaceand in ﬁ g. 6c shows how only outdoor air passes through the evaporator. The latter case can alsobe relevant if the temperature in the building is to be raised because the heat content in theclayable spaces may then be too small. This allows you to turn off the ﬂ marriage circulation in theventilable spaces.
Fig. 7 shows an installation in a hot climate. The walls consist of an outer, heavy layer 61,for example brick and two inner layers inside an air gap 62, the layer closest to the air gap is alight insulation layer 63 and the layer 64 closest to the inside of the wall have a high heat capacity,for example concrete. A heat pump 65 is arranged in the attic and an air cooler 66 on the roofoutside. When the environment is warm, for example during the day, the air pump can cool the air gap andif necessary, also the interior of the house, whereby the heat is given off via the air cooler. The cooling of the air gapslows down the penetration of heat. When the temperature drops, for example because it will be evening cancooled air heated in the air gap with the heat pump is used to heat the room air in the house,which at the same time causes the outer layer to cool from two directions. The outermost wall layer servesthus as a heat reservoir whose heat is supplied to the interior of the house. Even the innermost heavy wallthe layer serves to retain the internal heat. the insulation layer inside the air gapprevents both the intrusion of heat during the day, and the outflow of heat at night or otherwise whenthe surroundings are cold. The device can thus control in an energy-saving waythe heat transport into the house or out of it so that a comfortable and even indoor climatefood can be provided. By controlling the device's operation and mode of operation over timeand taking into account differences in outdoor temperature over diurnal variation, additional energysavings are made.1015202530The respective heat pumps in the above embodiments can be arranged andintended only for the cooling and drying of the air gaps, while furtherheating and cooling can take place in other ways. One can also imagine a heatingpump which also has the task of providing heating in a conventional manner ortive cooling. This can be done, for example, with two series-connected or parallel-connecteddensor loops, one for the air gaps and one for heating or cooling needs. The heat pumpis in most of the above examples placed on the attic, but can also be placed in the groundnet or even on the outside of the house depending on climate and other factors. As an alternativealternatively, the heat pump can be arranged to work alternately with the system according tosom nning and as a conventional heating air heat pump.
By heating, cooling and insulating with the aid of a heat pump in accordance withno one obtains a much more pleasant indoor climate with less tendency to staytighter than with conventional air conditioning. You also avoid having to wait in whole or in partrefrigeration units which must be fitted with means for handling condensate and whichin addition, unwanted indoor air dries and gives rise to disturbing noises.
It can also be noted that the circulation system and heat pump can always work in the samedirection for both cooling and active thermal insulation and that the adaptation to different operating casesdepending on the outdoor temperature and moisture load, respectively, is a matter of control, i.e. onesoftware customization. In addition to the software adaptation, the insulation of the different layers is dimensioned.capacity, thickness, heat capacity according to the climatic conditions on site and localconstruction methods and locally available materials.
The ventilable space is dimensioned with regard to, among other things, construction technologyexposures, air flow rate, wall surface height and heat dissipated. For air gapin a wall, the horizontal dimension orthogonal to the surface of the wall can, for example, be 2 more10 cm, in a cold wind, the height can be between the top of the floor up to the cold roof(which depends on the size of the roof and roof angle and can thus vary from tenscentimeters to ﬂ your meters), in the ventilation gap of a roof structure, thepelvis be between 2 and 30 centimeters. You can also imagine building a greenhouseon top of an ordinary house and places said innovation in the space between. The size of itthe ventilatable space is thus dependent on olika your various factors and the abovedimensions do not constitute absolute constraints on the usefulness of innovationIf the wall needs to be dried, the temperature in the air gaps can be raised, possibly evenby means of the heat generated by and recovered with the device. I.e. samefunction such as when you place a dehumidifier in a room, it starts and closes the door.1015202530When the air outside is dry, it can be supplied via openings arranged in the lower ends of the columns.controllable valves, which can be controlled together with the device, alternatively designed so thatthey open in the event of a power failure.
An insulating and heating device can also be used to cool when neededlower the temperature in the wall so that the temperature is kept down in the house without disturbing drafts inthe rooms. The heat extracted from the walls can be used, for example, toheat hot water or the water in a pool or other heat sink, such as a rockboreholes.
Depending on the type of climate, the device may be needed differently during the year. When dryweather, low humidity in the ventilated space and favorable temperature needone not used.
The invention is not only useful for floors, walls and ceilings in building construction.but can also be used for windows, light inlets in ceilings, doors and outer shell constructions.in vehicles, means of transport and craft, for example in ships, aircraft, spacecraftor similar.
Within the framework of the heating tank, it is also conceivable to use several air gapsone after the other from the inside out in a wall with insulating intermediate layers. Herebyreduces the tendency for the air, the temperature of which rises during the ascent in the air gaptheme, heats the outer layer of the wall. These air gaps can then eventually end up in theand to a cold wind or via pipes directly to the heat pump.
Furthermore, it is conceivable that circulating air can be supplied to different sides of a buildingdifferent amounts or speeds as temperature and humidity conditions can vary betweendifferent sides of a building, as well as with time (day - night and seasons) and weather (cloudssun and shade).
Advantageously, the heater includes screens to monitor the humidity in air gapsand other spaces to be kept dry with it. For example, a hygrometer canper wall give an indication of where there is a need for drying. To control the drying, thebe arranged to control the air inflow. These valves may also beused to control the temperature in air gaps and other spaces as neededvary with both external and internal temperature. To monitor this, thermo-meters be inserted parallel to the hygrometers and these sensors as well as the valves areconnected to an air pump control center and ﬂ married or ﬂ married.
Circulation, drying, cooling or heating do not have to be continuous butcan be interrnittent. To control the need, the circulation can be started intermittentlythat inserted hygrometers can read whether there is a need for drying or not.
The increase means savings in two ways, firstly through energy savings, forsecondly, by continuously removing moisture from the structure, which means a lower risk ofmoisture damage and subsequent costly repairs. This in turn means longer lifelength of the constructions and less risk of ill health and allergies.

权利要求:
Claims (10)
[1]
1. Method for heat insulation of buildings with a layer facing the inside of the building, a layer facing the surroundings and in between one or ﬂ your ventilable spaces, characterized in that the air in one or ﬂ era of the ventilable spaces is transported to a heat pump evaporator where the air temperature is lowered, after which the air is returned to the ventilable spaces in question where the cooled air is heated by the heat leaking from the interior of the building through the inner layer, and the heat emitted from the heat pump condenser is used for heating purposes,
[2]
2. Method of thermal insulation of buildings in external heat to keep a building cool inside, which building has a layer facing the inside of the building, a layer facing the outside and in between one or ﬂ your ventilable spaces, characterized in that the air in one or more of the ventilable spaces are transported to a heat pump evaporator where the air temperature is lowered, after which the air is returned to the ventilable spaces in question where the cooled air is heated by any heat leaking from the interior of the building through the inner layer and / or heat supplied the building on its outside and penetrates through the outer layer into the ventilable space, and the friend emitted from the heat pump condenser is used for heating purposes.
[3]
Method according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the temperature of the circulating air is lowered by the heat pump condenser to such a temperature that the steam content of the air exceeds the saturation steam content whereby steam condenses and is diverted and the air is returned to the ventilated spaces. raises the air temperature, whereby the saturation vapor content increases and the air's ability to absorb moisture from surrounding structures increases, which in turn leads to a drying out of the surrounding layers.
[4]
Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air in one or more of the ventilatable spaces is kept under a certain overpressure in relation to the air pressure in the building or in the building's surroundings, for example by supplying air from outside before the heat pump in the circulation direction.
[5]
Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air transport in one or more of the ventilatable spaces is directed upwards and follows the natural self-convection of the air.
[6]
Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by control over time in order to utilize differences in local temperature, humidity, weather or other air properties over time, respectively compensating for this in order to maintain an even and pleasant indoor climate, recycling heat or cold or both and varied
[7]
Device for insulating buildings comprising an inner layer, a ventilable space outside it and an outer layer outside it, characterized in that it further comprises a heat pump, conduit means from the ventilable space to the evaporator of the heat pump and back to the ventilable space, kt genitals and possibly valves connected to heat pump and ventable space to circulate air from the ventable space to the heat pump's evaporator and back to the ventable space, which device further comprises control means with connected sensors for sensing temperature and humidity.
[8]
Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the ventilatable space consists of ﬂ airs arranged in series from the inside and out in parallel air gaps and layers interposed therebetween.
[9]
Device according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the ventilatable spaces consist of vertical air gaps in the walls which at the top merge into a closed attic or a gap between the roof and roof insulation from which the heat pump takes the air to its evaporator and lowers this temperature and diverts water that precipitates out of the temperature-lowered air before the air is returned to the lower edges of the air gaps, for example via pipes.
[10]
10. Device according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that one or more layers are transparent in order to allow light to enter or in such a way that the sun can heat one or two layers of intermediate layers which in turn heat the circulating air in the ventilated space, in order to thereby reducing heat load in through and / or heat loss out through window constructions and / or glass walls.

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

SE534757C2|2011-12-06|

引用文献:

公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

法律状态:
2014-09-23| NUG| Patent has lapsed|

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

SE1000075A|SE534757C2|2010-01-26|2010-01-26|Device for heat recovery and moisture retention in walls|SE1000075A| SE534757C2|2010-01-26|2010-01-26|Device for heat recovery and moisture retention in walls|

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