• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE1000043A1
    申请号:SE1000043
    申请日:2010-01-19
    公开日:2011-07-20
    发明作者:Hans-Erik Hansson
    申请人:Euroturbine Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    30 20 25 30 hold a further development of means for implementing a method for operation of a combined heating and power plant, the emphasis being on improving the properties for providing external heat.
    These objects are achieved by the invention in a method as above by heating a heat-carrying fluid used in a heating device from the heat taken out of an exhaust gas condenser which is operative in an exhaust gas stream downstream of the turbine unit.
    It is possible to reach as high temperature levels as at least close to 80 ° C in the heat supply line for the heat-carrying fluid by using an exhaust condenser / heat recovery device according to the invention. This is a great advantage over background technology. This is achieved by reaching a high dew point due to the large amounts of water present in the exhaust gases, whereby condensation is carried out at high temperature levels. Thus, condensation is carried out from 80 ° C down to about 50 ° C, which is a typical return temperature in a district heating network, whereby a main part of the residual heat from the power plant in this case will be available for district heating purposes.
    In this way it is thus possible to reach such high temperature levels in the heat-carrying fluid that it can thereby be used advantageously for external heating purposes such as district heating of buildings.
    It is important to realize that the invention relates to a method in connection with a "wet cycle" process, wherein the water content of the process gas is as large as is practically possible. Air intake is kept low as the compressor requirement does. Air supply is maintained at the lowest necessary level for the purpose of achieving efficient combustion in the combustion device. Some of the combustion heat can be used to transform water into steam. 76026sV; 2010-11-23 lO 15 20 25 30 In previously known heating systems for district heating, it has so far been necessary to burn large amounts of fuel in order to achieve heat demand and sufficient temperature levels, resulting in high energy consumption and high energy costs.
    This is not necessary by the method according to the invention.
    It is preferred that heat is also taken out through a heat exchanger device which is located in a compressor gas stream upstream of the combustion device and is used for heating said fluid, which makes it possible to reach higher temperature levels in the heat-burning fluid. Also preferably, heat is also extracted through an additional heat exchanger device which is placed in said exhaust stream between the turbine unit and the exhaust condenser and is used for heating said fluid as this makes it possible to reach even higher temperature levels in the heat-carrying fluid.
    Said hot gas stream is preferably the exhaust gas stream downstream of the turbine unit.
    Said hot gas stream is as an alternative the gas flow stream upstream of the combustion device.
    Preferably, the exhaust gas flow downstream of the turbine unit and upstream of the exhaust gas condenser is supplemented with hot exhaust gases from a further combustion device for the purpose of arranging for raising the temperature level of the heat-carrying fluid, combustion oxygen for the additional combustion device coming from oxygen or oxygen. from an inlet humidifier and / or residual oxygen in the exhaust gases downstream of the turbine unit.
    To further increase the temperature level of the heat-carrying fluid, steam or hot water can be taken from a heat exchanger located downstream of the turbine unit and originally intended for the production of steam for introduction to the combustion device, and can according to this aspect be transferred to the heat exchanger for further heating of 76026sv; 2010-11-23 10 15 20 25 30 the heat-carrying fluid. This aspect reduces the efficiency of the product of electricity but can be advantageous for reaching high temperatures in the heat-carrying fluid.
    Instead of the possible lack of steam for introduction into the incinerator, more water can be injected therein.
    Heat having such a temperature level that it is below the return temperature of the district heating network can also preferably be extracted from the exhaust gas stream downstream of the exhaust condenser and used for heating and humidifying the intake air to the compressor unit. Thus, heat is extracted by further condensation of the gas and injected by means of a humidifier into the intake air.
    The most important function of the condenser is to utilize the evaporative heat of the steam content in the exhaust gases.
    All the measures described above, and especially when combined, result in a higher degree of process efficiency being achieved.
    Corresponding advantages are achieved in relation to the requirements aimed at a combined heating and power plant with a gas turbine.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail in the light of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a combined heating and power plant according to the invention, Fig. 2 illustrates typical heat demand in a district heating network, Fig. 3 illustrates temperature requirements in a heat-carrying fluid in a district heating network, 76026EN; 2010-11-23 10 15 20 25 30 Fig. 4 schematically illustrates a combined heating and power plant according to a second embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 5 schematically illustrates a combined heating and power plant according to a third embodiment of the invention.
    DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 schematically shows a combined heating and power plant, a first gas turbine group including on the one hand a turbine unit 1 and on the other hand a compressor unit 2, which are mechanically connected over a shaft 3. The shaft 3 is also used for to operate a device 4 for extracting useful work from the plant such as an electric generator.
    A second gas turbine group includes on the one hand a turbine unit 1 'and on the other hand a compressor unit 2', which are mechanically coupled over a shaft 3 '. Thus, in this embodiment, double gas turbine groups corresponding substantially to what are illustrated in WO 2004/106718 A1 are provided.
    In a gas flow stream 13 arranged downstream of the compressor unit 2 'and upstream of the turbine unit 1' is a combustion device 5 for producing combustion gases / exhaust gases to drive the turbine unit 1 'and the turbine unit 1. In an exhaust gas stream 7 downstream of the turbine unit 1 is a heat exchanger 6 arranged to heat steam, which is introduced upstream of or in the combustion device 5 over a line 8. The arrow 22 indicates fuel supply.
    An additional heat exchange device 14 for producing hot water is based in said exhaust stream 7 between the turbine unit 1 and the exhaust condenser 9 and is also used to heat said heat-carrying fluid by being connected to 76026sV; 2010-11-23 10 15 20 25 30 said heat exchanger 21. The additional heat exchange device 14 can be integrated with the heat exchanger 6.
    Output of heat from the heat exchanger 6 and the additional heat exchange device 14 to the heat exchanger 21 can be controlled by varying the production of steam and / or hot water to be injected into said gas flow stream upstream of and / or in the combustion device. 8 'indicates a conduit for conducting hot water from the additional heat exchange device 14 to the combustion device 5.
    Further downstream of the exhaust gas stream 7 is arranged an exhaust gas condenser 9, which extracts heat from the exhaust gases, while water content in the exhaust gases is extracted by condensation, for heating, in a heat exchanger 21, heat-carrying fluid inside a line 10 leading to a heating device 11 e.g. a district heating network.
    Water condensed by the exhaust gas condenser 9 is reintroduced into the cycle in or upstream of the combustion device 5.
    A heat exchange device 12 is arranged in a compressor gas stream 13 between the compressor units 2 and 2 'to cool said stream after being compressed by the first compressor unit 2. Heat taken through the heat exchange device 12 is introduced into the heat exchanger 21 to further heat said heat-carrying fluid.
    When the requirements for heat in a district heating network or the like, if allowed, are typically not high, heat taken from the heat exchanger 12 can be used to heat water and / or steam for injection into the gas flow stream upstream of or in the combustion device.
    A further combustion device 16 is positioned to generate hot exhaust gases to be introduced into the exhaust gas stream 7 downstream of the turbine unit 1 and upstream of the exhaust condenser 9. Combustion oxygen for the further combustion 76026sv; 2010-11-23 l0 15 20 25 30 the device can be supplied from oxygen in ambient air and / or from a humidifier 18 and / or residual oxygen in the exhaust gases downstream of the turbine unit (see below).
    This additional combustion device 16 is used for the final raising of temperature in the exhaust gas stream 7, in particular under conditions where extra high heat carrier fluid temperatures are necessary, such as, for example, in relation to district heating networks during very cold weather conditions.
    Downstream of the exhaust condenser 9, a further condenser 17 is arranged for further condensation of the exhaust gases, which are thus further dehumidified before they are discharged from the plant. Water and heat withdrawn through the additional condenser 17 are preferably introduced into an inlet air stream 23 through an inlet air humidifier 18.
    Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate, as an example, diagrams related to a district heating network. Fig. 2 illustrates a typical one-year heat demand distribution structure, in which it can be seen that for a relatively very short period of time there is a high heat demand, while for the majority of the year the needs are significantly lower.
    Fig. 3 shows a diagram illustrating temperature requirements in a supply line for a heat-carrying fluid in line 10 as a function of number of hours during a year. As the diagram illustrates, for most of the year a supply line temperature is required of about 90 ° C (or slightly lower), while extremely high supply line temperatures up to around 130 ° C are needed only for a short period every year.
    According to the invention, the majority of the heat required for a district heating network, such as that having the needs of Fig. 3, is covered by recovering heat from an exhaust gas condenser, which typically, due to the high water content of the exhaust gases 76026SV; 2010-11-23 10 15 20 25 30 reaches as high as around 80 ° C corresponding to a first level L1.
    Typically, a second temperature level L2 of 90 ° C is also relatively easily reached by the heat exchange device 12 positioned between the first and second compressor devices in the compressor unit.
    A third level L3 up to about 100 ° C is reached by further heat exchange upstream of the exhaust condenser. This level L3 is also preferably supported by extracting heat from the steam generator / heat exchanger 6 and from the additional heat exchange device 14, which can be achieved by directing heated excess water to the heat exchanger 21. The term "heated excess water" here refers to water in addition to what is necessary for the production of hot water and steam to be supplied upstream or in the incinerator 5.
    At the fourth level L4, the topping heat is typically reached by the use of the additional combustion device, which is positioned downstream of the turbine unit 1.
    Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of the invention having a turbine unit 1 which is connected to a compressor unit 2 with two compressor devices 2 'and 2 "as well as to a device 4 for taking out work, such as an electric generator.
    The basic features of the elements with respect to external heat dissipation are, however, the same as illustrated in Fig. 1 and discussed above. The remaining reference numerals generally correspond to those appearing in Fig. 1.
    Furthermore, in this embodiment, the exhaust gases from the combustion device are led to the turbine unit 1.
    Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of the invention having a turbine device 1 ", which is connected to a compressor unit 2 with two compressor devices 2 'and 2". A second turbine device 1' is connected to a device 4 for taking out work The basic features of the elements with respect to external heat dissipation are essentially the same as discussed above except for the coupling of the heat exchanger 12 which is arranged in the compressor gas stream 13. between the compressor devices 2 'and 2' for cooling said stream after being compressed by the first compressor device 2 '. The heat outlet of the heat exchange device 12 is introduced into the heat exchanger 21 for further heating of said heat-carrying fluid.
    As indicated above, when the requirements for heating in a district heating network or the like so allow, are typically not high, heat taken from the heat exchanger 12 can be used for heating water and / or steam for injection over the line 8 "into the combustion device 5. .
    Furthermore, the exhaust gases from the combustion device 5 are in this embodiment led to a turbine device 1 ", which is a first part of the turbine unit 1. A turbine device 1 ', which is a second part of the turbine unit 1, is coaxial with and is rotationally free from the turbine device 1 The turbine device 1 'is connected via a shaft 3 "to a device 4 for taking out work, such as an electric generator. The remaining reference numerals generally correspond to those appearing in Fig. 4.
    As an explanation of the advantages of the present invention, it can be noted that the combined heat and power (CHPS) of the background technology has a total efficiency (including production of electricity and heat) of up to about 90% at best calculated on the low heating of the fuel. value (low heat value).
    However, the invention provides the possibility of far better overall efficiency by giving the possibility to utilize the energy in the exhaust gases, in the form of the heat of vaporization of the contained vapor. For this purpose, a plant that has the combined measures described above has a total of 76026sv; 2010-11-23 10 15 10 efficiency of up to about 120% calculated on the fuel's low heating value (low heat value). Due to its principle, the efficiency of the plant according to the invention is not as sensitive to fuels with a high water content, such as biofuels, as the previously known CHP, since the energy to evaporate the water in the fuel can be recovered in the condenser or condensers.
    The invention can be modified within the scope of the claims by, among other things, the exhaust gas condenser being supplemented with various heat exchange devices as discussed above based on needs and conditions. In another modification, the heat exchanger 6, which is arranged for heating water and / or steam, and the heat exchange device 14 are integrated functional parts of one and the same device. As a complementary step to heating water and / or steam by heat exchange with the hot gas stream downstream of the turbine unit 1, heated water and / or steam for introduction into the process gas stream can also be produced at a compressor flow path 13. 76026sV; 2010-11-23
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    A method of operating a combined heat and power plant with a gas turbine, including a compressor unit (2) and a turbine unit (1), wherein useful work is carried out by at least one device (4) included in the plant, whereby exhaust gases are produced by a combustion device (5) upstream of the turbine unit, and wherein water and / or steam is heated by heat exchange with a hot gas stream downstream of the turbine unit (1) and / or in a compressor flow path (13), and the produced water and / or steam is injected into said gas flow stream upstream of or in the combustion device (5) in such amounts that at least 80% of the oxygen content in the air in the stream is consumed by combustion in the combustion device (5), the combustion gas fed to the turbine unit having a pressure of 50 - 300 bar, k ä characterized by - that a heat-carrying fluid used in a heating device (II) is heated from heat taken out of an exhaust gas condenser (9) which is operative in an exhaust gas current (7) downstream of the turbine unit (1).
    [2]
    The method according to claim 1, wherein heat is also extracted by a heat exchange device (12) which is placed in a compressor gas stream upstream of the combustion device (5) and is used to heat said fluid.
    [3]
    The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein heat is also extracted by heat exchange (14,6) in said exhaust stream between the turbine unit (1) and the exhaust condenser (9) and is used for heating said fluid. 76026sV; 2010-11-23 10 15 20 25 30 12
    [4]
    The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said hot gas stream is the exhaust gas stream downstream of the turbine unit (1).
    [5]
    The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said hot gas stream is the gas flow stream upstream of the combustion device (5).
    [6]
    The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the exhaust gas flow downstream of the turbine unit (1) and upstream of the exhaust condenser (9) is supplemented with hot exhaust gases from a further combustion device (16), wherein combustion oxygen for the further combustion device comes from one or more more of the group: oxygen from ambient air, a humidifier (18) for inlet air, residual oxygen in the exhaust gases downstream of the turbine unit.
    [7]
    The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein water and steam are extracted from the exhaust stream downstream of the exhaust condenser (9) through a further condenser (17), wherein the exhaust stream (7) is further dehumidified and water and heat taken therefrom are injected into intake air to the compressor unit (2). ) by means of an inlet humidifier (-n) (18).
    [8]
    Combined heating and power plant with gas turbine including a compressor unit (2) and a turbine unit (1), wherein at least one device (4) for extracting useful work is included in the plant, wherein a combustion device (5) is arranged to generating exhaust gases upstream of the turbine unit (1), and wherein a heat exchanger (6) is arranged for heating water and / or steam by heat exchange with a hot gas stream downstream of the turbine unit (1) and / or in a compressor flow path (13). ), and means are arranged for injecting the generated water and / or steam into said gas; 2010-11-23 10 15 20 25 30 13 upstream of and / or in the combustion device in such quantities that at least 80% of the oxygen content of the air in the stream is consumed by combustion in the combustion device, whereby combustion gas fed to the turbine unit has a pressure of 50 300 bar, characterized in that - an exhaust gas condenser (9) is operative in an exhaust stream downstream of the turbine unit (1) for the purpose of extracting heat therefrom for heating heat-carrying liquid used in a heating device (11).
    [9]
    The plant according to claim 8, wherein a heat exchange device (12) is located for extracting heat from a compressor gas stream upstream of the combustion device (5) and for heating said fluid.
    [10]
    The plant according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a further heat exchange device (14,6) is located for extracting heat from said exhaust stream between the turbine unit (1) and the exhaust condenser (9) and for heating said fluid.
    [11]
    The plant according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein an additional combustion device (16) is located in the exhaust stream downstream of the turbine unit (1) and upstream of the exhaust condenser (9) for supplementing said exhaust stream with further hot exhaust gases, wherein lines are arranged for combustion oxygen for the additional combustion device coming from one or more of the group: oxygen from ambient air, an inlet air humidifier, an exhaust stream downstream of the turbine unit.
    [12]
    The plant according to any one of claims 8 - 11, wherein a further condenser (17) is arranged for withdrawal of water 76026sv; 2010-11-23 14 and heat from the exhaust stream (7) downstream of the exhaust condenser (9) and the inlet air humidifier (s) (18) is arranged to inject the extracted heat and water into the inlet air to the compressor unit. 76026sv; 2010-11-23
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    WO2011090416A1|2011-07-28|
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    EP2526278A1|2012-11-28|
    PL2526278T3|2020-11-02|
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN111720215A|2020-06-19|2020-09-29|中国科学院工程热物理研究所|Combined heat and power system based on gas turbine|RU2013618C1|1990-12-13|1994-05-30|Бойко Вадим Степанович|Combined power plant|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    SE1000043A|SE534557C2|2010-01-19|2010-01-19|Method of operation of a heating and power plant and heating and power plant|SE1000043A| SE534557C2|2010-01-19|2010-01-19|Method of operation of a heating and power plant and heating and power plant|
    RU2012135513/06A| RU2569130C2|2010-01-19|2011-01-19|Method of operation of gas-turbine combined thermal power plant and gas-turbine combined thermal power plant|
    PL11734929T| PL2526278T3|2010-01-19|2011-01-19|Method of operating a gas turbine combined heat and power plant and gas turbine combined heat and power plant|
    EP11734929.0A| EP2526278B1|2010-01-19|2011-01-19|Method of operating a gas turbine combined heat and power plant and gas turbine combined heat and power plant|
    PCT/SE2011/000005| WO2011090416A1|2010-01-19|2011-01-19|Method of operating a gas turbine combined heat and power plant and gas turbine combined heat and power plant|
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