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    • 专利摘要:
    Provided is a system that provides thermal analysis and constraints of complex wellbore operations implemented over the end of the hole bottom control rod set to meet the analysis needs. Hole fund operations such as hydraulic fracturing in the unconventional development of oil and gas fields.
    公开号:FR3057012A1
    申请号:FR1758135
    申请日:2017-09-04
    公开日:2018-04-06
    发明作者:Yongfeng Kang；Adolfo Gonzales；Jun Jiang；Zhengchun Liu；Robello Samuel
    申请人:Landmark Graphics Corp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ® FRENCH REPUBLIC
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number: 3,057,012 (to be used only for reproduction orders)
    ©) National registration number: 17 58 135
    COURBEVOIE
    ©) Int Cl 8 : E21 B 47/007 (2017.01), G 06 F 17/50
    A1 PATENT APPLICATION
    ©) Date of filing: 04.09.17. © Applicant (s): LANDMARK GRAPHICS CORPORA- (30) Priority: 05.10.16 US 15285551. TION — CS. ©) Inventor (s): KANG YONGFENG, GONZALES ADOLFO, JIANG JUN, LIU ZHENGCHUN and SAMUEL (43) Date of public availability of the ROBELLO. request: 06.04.18 Bulletin 18/14. ©) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: The latter was not established on the date of publication of the request. (© References to other national documents ©) Holder (s): LANDMARK GRAPHICS CORPORA- related: TION. ©) Extension request (s): ©) Agent (s): GEVERS & ORES Société anonyme.
    THERMAL, PRESSURE AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF THE WELLBORE ABOVE THE END OF A ROW OF CONTROL RODS.
    FR 3 057 012 - A1
    The present invention relates to a system that provides thermal analysis and constraints of complex wellbore operations implemented above the end of the downhole control rod array to meet analysis needs. downhole operations such as hydraulic fracturing in the unconventional development of oil and gas fields.
    i
    Thermal, pressure and stress analysis of wells
    DRILLING ABOVE THE END OF A ROD OF CONTROL RODS
    FIELD OF DISCLOSURE [oooi] The present invention relates generally to downhole simulators and, more particularly, to a simulation of the thermal analysis, of the pressure and of the stresses of the wells above the end of the string of control rods during complex wellbore operations.
    BACKGROUND [ooo2] The presence of trapped annular pressure and wellhead movement îo caused by the temperatures and stresses of the bottom of holes is well known in the industry. In a conventional well planning and completion design, engineers are faced with wellbore operations implemented above the end of the control rod train (for example, a work rod train) , a production column, etc.), which require a precise thermal, pressure and stress estimation, in particular in stage-by-stage hydraulic fracturing operations. In such operations, the scenarios become complex due to the use of plugs in the string of rods, as well as seals in the annular space, at the depth of the operation (for example, the depth fracturing, perforation by injection, or circulation), which produce isolated regions inside the string of rods and / or in the annular spaces. The components of the wellbore (fluids, casing, production column, cements, etc.) have different thermal and stress responses in the regions above and below the plug and seals.
    [ooo3] To date, however, conventional analysis techniques have considered only the thermal and stress responses below the end of the string of rods, thus failing to consider the thermal and stress responses. above the end of the string of rods. As a result, current attempts have failed to provide the most accurate data for thermal, pressure and stress behaviors that are complicated at the wellbore and stem sets necessary to establish tubular and completion designs that are precise and optimal, in particular when they constitute a sequence of multiple operations carried out step by step at different depths.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [ooo4] Figures IA and IB illustrate a stage-by-stage fracturing operation for a hydraulic fracturing technique of a horizontal well.
    Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a thermal simulation system and 5 of the bottom of hole constraints according to an illustrative embodiment of this disclosure;
    [ooo6] Figures 3A and 3B illustrate the data flow of the thermal simulation system 200 and the constraints as a function of an illustrative method of the present disclosure;
    Figure 4 illustrates a user interface (GUI graphical user interface) 400 îo used to define the thermal parameters and those associated with the constraints, according to certain illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure;
    Figure 5 illustrates a screenshot showing a schematic view 500 of a horizontal well defined by implementing an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure;
    [ooo9] Figure 6 is a graph of the temperature at the exit of the operation implemented 15 above the end of the string of rods of Figure 5 for a single injection operation;
    [ooio] Figure 7 illustrates the temperature profile for an injection operation linked above the end of the string of rods (after a sequence of a chain of operations implemented above the end of the string of rods);
    [ooii] Figure 8 illustrates a temperature profile for a circulation operation above the end of the string of rods;
    [ooi2] Figure 9 illustrates a temperature profile for a circulation operation linked above the end of the string of rods (after a sequence of a chain of operations implemented above the end of the oar of rods);
    [ooi3] Figure 10 is a graph of the axial load of a linked operation above the end of a string of rods (after a sequence of a chain of operations implemented above the end oars of stems);
    [ooi4] Figure 11 is a graph of the safety factors of a linked operation above 5 of the end of a string of rods (after a sequence of a chain of operations implemented above the end of the string of rods);
    [ooi5] Figure 12 is a graph of the results of change in length of a linked operation above the end of a string of rods (after a sequence of a chain of operations implemented above from the end of the string of rods); and îo [ooi6] Figure 13 is a graph of the design limit for the production column as a function of the temperature and pressure associated with a sequential linked operation above the end of a string of rods.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS The illustrative embodiments as well as the associated methods of the present disclosure are described below as they can be used in a method for simulating the thermal conditions and stresses of a well. drilling above one end of the control rod train. For the sake of clarity, all the characteristics of an actual implementation or of an actual process are not described in the present description. It will of course be understood that, in the development of any such real embodiment, many decisions specific to an implementation must be taken to achieve the objectives specific to developers, such as respecting the constraints associated with a system and those associated with companies, which should vary from one implementation to another. In addition, it will be understood that such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but that it would nevertheless become a routine task for those skilled in the art who benefit from the present disclosure. Other aspects and advantages of the various embodiments and associated methods of this disclosure will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and associated drawings.
    [ooi8] The methods and embodiments of the present disclosure, as described in the present description, simulate the thermal conditions and stresses of a wellbore above the end of the string of control rods. In the example of a drilling assembly, said “end of the string of control rods” designates the drill bit; thus, all of the parts of the control rod set located above the drill bit are considered to be located above the end of the rod set. In the example of a fracturing assembly, the area above the hoof should be considered to be located above the end of the control rod train. In a process not specific to the present disclosure, the simulation begins with the definition of a configuration of a wellbore comprising a string of control rods within it. A downhole operation is then defined along the wellbore above the end of the strut of control rods (for example, a fracturing or injection operation). Thereafter, the thermal and stress response of the wellbore above the end of the control rod train is calculated on the basis of the configuration of the wellbore and the operation to be carried out. . A wellhead movement and / or a buildup of trapped annular pressure from the bottom of the hole can then be determined. Through this analysis, an optimal design for a downhole or wellbore operation can be analyzed or determined.
    [ooi9] This disclosure provides integrated methods and systems for is thermal analysis and wellbore stresses during complex wellbore operations above the end of the string of rods comprising a sequence of events that require modeling of the production column and fluids in the annular space, temperature and pressure conditions, in isolated intervals delimited by multiple plugs, seals, and the state of completion associated with constraints. As will be described below, the well and stress well simulator includes the following essential functionalities: inventories of fluids and associated properties, properties of pipes and associated mechanical properties, properties of formations and soils , properties of types of stem oars, cements and associated properties, connections, etc. ; the configuration of wells; properties of fluids; the flow conditions; flow patterns; thermal analysis of the transient / permanent state; pressure and temperature profiles; constraints ; forces ; the safety factor; movement analysis; and the analysis of the trapped annular pressure. In addition, illustrative embodiments and methods of the present disclosure further provide thermal calculations and those associated with the stresses for operations implemented above the end of the string of rods to meet the requirements of analysis of these types of operations such as, for example, hydraulic fracturing in the unconventional development of oil and gas fields.
    In addition, the present disclosure allows the engineer to define such operations wherever it is above the end of the string of rods and to calculate the thermal response and that to the stresses of the wellbore. Said operation could be, for example, a fracturing, an injection, a production or a circulation. This disclosure also allows the engineer to define a sequence of linked operations including said operation implemented above the end of the string of rods, in which the results of a previous operation are applied as initial conditions of the next operation to accurately simulate the actual technique of operations, such as a stage-by-stage hydraulic fracturing technique.
    Figures IA and IB illustrate a stage by stage fracturing operation for a hydraulic fracturing technique of a horizontal well. In Figure IA, a fracturing system 10 is shown to include a shutter block 12 positioned at the top of a borehole 14 extending along a hydrocarbon formation. An oar 16 of control rods is positioned along the borehole 14 comprising the production column 18, the safety seal 20, a series of tools / stages 22a-d of perforation with sliding sleeve, a non-return valve 24 , a lost column 26, and a hoof guide 28. During the horizontal well hydraulic fracturing operation illustrated in Figure IA, the fractures are carried out stage after stage, from the end of the borehole 14 to the heel of the horizontal well section. Referring to Figure IB, once a stage is completed (for example, the first stage 22a), a plug 30 is installed in the production column 18 (above the first stage 22a) to carry out the fracturing at the next stage (for example, the second stage 22b). This process is repeated until all of the floors have been completed. Note that Figure IB is presented in a simplified form, which means that it does not present the fracturing assembly along the production column 18 (as presented in Figure IA). During the fracturing operation, fluids, casing, production column, cements, etc. have thermal and stress responses which are all different in the regions above and below the plug 30 and the seals (not shown). The present disclosure provides methods for analyzing the thermal, pressure and stress behaviors that are complicated at the wellbore and stem sets, thereby enabling the development of optimal completion designs.
    Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a thermal simulation system 200 and downhole constraints according to an illustrative embodiment of this disclosure. In one embodiment, a thermal and stress simulation system 200 comprises at least one processor 202, a non-transient memory, readable by a computer, a network communication module / transceiver, I / O devices. S optional 206, and an optional display device 208, all of these being connected to each other via a system bus 209. The instructions of the software executable by the processor 202 making it possible to implement the instructions of the software stored in the thermal simulation system 200 and the constraints, according to the illustrative embodiments described in the present description, can be stored in the memory 204 or in any other computer-readable medium.
    Even if this is not explicitly shown in Figure 2, it will be understood that the system 200 of thermal and stress simulation can be connected to one or more public and / or private networks via network connections . It will also be understood that the instructions of the software comprising the simulator 210 can also be loaded into the memory 204 from a CD-ROM or from any other suitable recording medium via a wired or wireless means. wire.
    Figure 2 further illustrates a block diagram of a thermal simulator 210 and constraints as a function of an illustrative embodiment of this disclosure. As will be described below, the thermal and stress simulator 210 comprises a drilling prediction module 212, a production prediction module 214, a casing constraints module 216, a production column constraints module 218, a module 220 of multi-rows of rods, and a module 222 of annular pressure accumulation ("APB"). Based on the input variables as described below, the algorithms of the various modules are combined to provide the thermal analysis and downhole constraints of the present disclosure above and below the end of the oar of control rods.
    The drilling prediction module 212 simulates, or models, the drilling events and the associated characteristics of the well such as the temperature and drilling pressure conditions of the well present in the bottom of the hole during a logging, a backflow productive, casing, and cementing operations, above and below the end of the train of control rods. The production prediction module 214 models the production events and associated characteristics of the well such as the production temperature and pressure conditions of the well present in the bottom of the hole during circulation, production, injection, extraction at gas, a well closure during operations implemented above and below the end of the train of control rods. The casing stress module 216 models the stresses caused by variations in the initial to final loads on the casing, as well as the temperature and pressure conditions affecting the casing.
    The production column constraints module 218 models the stresses caused by variations in the initial to final loads on the production column, as well as the temperature and pressure conditions affecting the production column above and below - below the end of the train of control rods. The modeled data received from the aforementioned modules is then loaded into the APB 222 module, which analyzes the expansion of fluids in the annular space ("AFE") and the accumulation of trapped annular pressure ("APB") in the final conditions compared to the initial conditions. Thereafter, the data modeled in the module APB 222 is then loaded into the module 220 of multi-oar rods, which models the movement of wellhead of the wellbore system with the operations implemented at the same time above and below the end of the train of control rods. The modeled APB data coming from the module APB 222 is then loaded into the module 220 of multi-rows of stems for a new calculation of the stresses and safety factors for each set of stems. Those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand that there are various modeling algorithms that could be used to obtain the results of the above modules.
    Given the above, a system 200 for thermal simulation and constraints is composed of two main components and their associated functions: an Interface
    Graphical user ("GUI") (for example a display device 208) and the calculation engines provided by the simulator 210 thermal and constraints. In some illustrative embodiments, the GUI provides various functions. First, the formation is delimited around the wellbore via the GUI, in particular the temperature profile which has not varied, the pore pressure, the fracturing pressure, information concerning the rocks. , etc.
    Secondly, the wellbore is delimited, comprising the boundaries of the casing and the production column, the fluids in the production column and the annular space, the cements, the wellbore path, the depth of the lining d , and the types of seals.
    Third, the details of the operation are defined, including the type of operation (for example, fracturing, injection, production or circulation, etc.), types of fluids, details of the operation ( for example, the depth of the operation, including the operation carried out above the end of the string of rods, the flow rate, the inlet temperatures, the duration, etc.), the flow path ( for example, through the production column or annular space, if circulation is present - forward circulation or reverse circulation), the conditions of the simulation (for example, a transient or permanent state, the connection of the operation), the types of loads, and the connection of the sources of temperature and pressure for the stress calculations, etc.
    In some illustrative embodiments, a thermal simulation system 200 and constraints also prepares the input file for the calculation modules of the thermal and stress simulator 210 in a formatted form, so as to increase the analysis and calculation efficiency. The output of the thermal and stress simulation system 200 can take various forms. For example, the output may be in the form of a display device or a printed report such as plots, spreadsheets, or graphs. Reports may include, for example, data relating to the results of temperature and pressure profiles, properties of fluids (for example, density, viscosity, fluid retention, flow regime, etc.) , load, stresses, safety factors (e.g. axial, triaxial movement, collapse, bursting), displacement, movement, accumulation of trapped annular pressure, expansion of annular space fluids , etc.
    The various calculation modules of the thermal simulator 210 and the constraints perform various functions. Such functions include reading and processing formatted input files prepared by the thermal and stress simulation system 200. The calculations performed by modules 212, 214, 216, 218, 222, and 220 are numerous. First, the thermal responses from the wellbore simulation can be calculated, including heat transfer and fluid flows from the selected operations with the specified formation and wellbore configurations. In addition, other data relating to heat transfer and fluid flows can be calculated, including simulated conditions (for example, transient or permanent state), types of fluids, depth of operation ( including the depth above the end of the string of rods), the flow, the inlet temperature, the duration, the direction of flow (for example, an injection, a production, a circulation towards the forward or reverse circulation), reference pressure and location (at the wellhead or at the perforation) of heat transfer and / or fluid flows, etc.
    Other functions provided by the calculation modules of the thermal simulator 210 and of the stresses include a stress analysis. In the present disclosure, one or more of the modules 212, 214, 216, 218, 222, and 220 calculate, for example, the loads associated with the wellbore configuration defined through the GUI (for example , the display device 208), the mechanical properties of the casing and of the production column, the internal and external pressure and temperature (based on thermal analysis), the type of load (for example, excessive traction, a pressure test, a flow in the hole, an evacuation of the production column, etc.), the combined loads of internal and external density / pressure and the associated temperature (calculated on the basis of thermal analysis and flows), etc.
    The thermal and stress analysis is then applied by a thermal and stress simulator 210 to implement a global analysis of the wellbore system.
    In the present disclosure, based on the thermal analysis and the constraints of one or more modules from among the modules 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, and 222, the simulator 210 calculates the effects thus obtained on the various contents. annular space, initial and final conditions (for example, temperature and pressure variations), load history, configuration of wellhead installation and loads, etc. to thereby provide an output analysis used to plan, implement, or review a given wellbore operation. The above calculations can be implemented by one of several modules among the modules 212, 214, 216, 218, 222, and 220.
    As described above, the output of the thermal and stress simulation system 200 can be displayed to a user via a GUI (for example, a display device 208) in the form of '' a plot, spreadsheet, or graphs, etc. The thermal analysis data can include a temperature profile of the wellbore (for example, profiles of the production column, casing, fluids and cement), the pressure profile of the fluids, the temperature profile of formation near the wellbore, variations in temperature and pressure over time, fluid speed, fluid properties (e.g. density, viscosity, fluid retention, flow regime , etc.), the quality of the water vapor (in the case where water vapor is used), etc. The stress analysis data can include the initial and final conditions of variation of the temperature and ίο the axial load, the safety factors (for example, axial, triaxial movement, bursting, collapse, recovery), design limits, displacement and length variations, schematic views of packing loads, minimum safety factors, etc. The wellbore system analysis may include an expansion of fluids trapped in the annular space ("AFE"), an accumulation of trapped annular pressure ("APB"), a wellhead movement, a contact load with the wellhead, and the impact of the PDB on the stress analysis (for example, safety factors, constraints, variation in length, displacement of the string of rods, design limits, etc.).
    Figures 3A and 3B illustrate the data flow of the thermal iso simulation system 200 and of the constraints as a function of an illustrative method of the present disclosure. At block 300, the thermal and stress simulation system 200 is supplied so as to start the thermal, pressure and stress simulations of the wellbore operations above the end of the string of rods. At block 302, the mechanical configuration of the well is defined using manual or automatic means. For example, a user can enter the well variables through the I / O device 206 and the display device 208. However, the variables can also be received through the network communication module 205 or be called from memory by the processor 202. In this illustrative embodiment, the input variables define the configuration of the well such as, for example, the number of rows of rods, the dimensions of the casing and of the hole, the fluids behind each set of stems, the types of cements, and the temperatures of the static and geothermal formation having not varied.
    At block 304, through the GUI, the types and parameters of analysis of drilling operations are defined (for example, by a user). Drilling operations can be defined as, for example, drilling, logging, productive discharge / discharge, casing flow, or cementing, whereby the data thus obtained is communicated to the engine of the module 212 drilling prediction. On the basis of these input variables, at block 306a, using the drilling prediction module 212, the processor 202 models the initial temperature and pressure conditions present during drilling, logging, productive delivery, casing and cementing. At block 306b, the drilling prediction module 212 models the "final" conditions of temperature and pressure during the same operations. Note that the term "final" may refer to the current drilling temperature and pressure of the wellbore if this disclosure is used to analyze the wellbore in real time. If this is the case, the "final" temperature and pressure will denote the current temperature and pressure of the wellbore at this particular stage of the downhole operation that we are trying to simulate. In addition, this disclosure could be used to model a certain stage of drilling or another operation. If so, the selected step in the operation could dictate the "final" temperature and pressure.
    At block 308, through the GUI, the types and load parameters of the casing analysis are defined, and the data thus obtained are communicated to the casing constraints module 216. The initial and final drilling temperature and pressure values are then loaded into the stress engine of the casing stress module 216, in which the processor 202 simulates the stresses on the rows of casing rods caused by variations in the loads. initial to final, as well as the temperature and pressure conditions affecting these reams of casing rods, at block 310. The casing stress module 216 also simulates the effects on safety factors, design limits, tolerances for casing wear, length variations, etc., caused by variations in initial to final loads and temperature and pressure conditions.
    Still referring to the illustrative method of Figures 3A and 3B, and again at block 302, various parameters of the wellbore have been defined. At block 312, the wellbore parameters are loaded into the production prediction module 214, in which various parameters associated with production are defined via the GUI. Parameters associated with production may include, for example, types and parameters of production / operation analysis, including circulation, injection, and production with or without operation above the end of the train stems. The associated thermal and pressure effects along the rods are simulated for all of the operating conditions present above and below the end of the rods.
    The variables defined at the level of block 312 are then communicated to the heat engine of the production prediction module 214 at the level of blocks 314a and 314b. At block 314a, the production prediction module 214 simulates the initial conditions of production temperature and pressure with or without operations implemented above the end of the string of rods. Such operations may include, for example, circulation, production and injection operations. At block 314b, the production prediction module 214 simulates the final production temperature and pressure conditions with or without operations carried out above the end of the string of rods.
    The final production temperature and pressure are then loaded into the module 218 of production column constraints, in which the types and parameters of analysis load of the production column are defined at block 316. The data thus obtained are then communicated to the constraints engine of the module 218 constraints of the production column at block 318. In the present disclosure, the processor 202 simulates the constraints of the production column caused by variations in the initial to final loads. , as well as temperature and pressure conditions (with or without operations implemented above the end of the string of rods) affecting the stress state of the production column.
    Again at block 302, after the definition of the parameters of the wellbore therein, the data thus obtained are communicated to the module 220 of multi-struts of rods at the level of block 320. In addition, at level of block 306b, after the simulation of the final temperature and pressure by the drilling prediction module 212, the data thus obtained are also communicated to the module 220 of multiple rods at block 320. Furthermore, after the simulation final temperature and pressure (with or without operations implemented above the end of the string of rods) by the production prediction module 214 at block 314b, the data thus obtained are communicated to the multi-module 220 oars of rods at block 320.
    At block 320, via the GUI, the initial and final analysis conditions and the load sequence of the well system are defined, together with the analysis of the expansion of the fluids in the annular space and annular pressure buildup. In addition, the wellhead installation and loads are defined, along with the load history. At block 322, all the data thus obtained are then loaded into the multi-strut engine of the multi-strut module 220 module, in order to carry out a final (or most current) analysis and simulation. ) of the well system by processor 202 for the purpose of determining the expansion of fluids in the annular space (i.e., the build-up of trapped annular pressure) and the wellhead movement over the duration of life of the wellbore. In the present disclosure, the multi-strand module performs a well system analysis as well as the expansion of fluids in the annular space / annular pressure buildup and wellhead movement during operations of production (with or without the impact of the operations implemented above the end of the string of rods), and the results of the annular pressure accumulation on the stresses / loads, the safety factors, the design limits, variations in length, movement, etc. Therefore, the outputs from the simulation can then be used to plan, implement, or analyze a wellbore operation.
    In view of the above, the illustrative methods and embodiments described in the present disclosure provide integrated methods for performing thermal and stress calculations for operations implemented above the end d 'a string of control rods, in order to meet the needs of analysis in the field. In some illustrative embodiments, in the dialog box presenting the details of the operation of the GUI, the depth of the operation (for example, the perforation depth for the injection operation, the circulation depth for the circulation operation, etc.) can be defined anywhere above the end of the string of rods. When an operation carried out above the end of the string of rods is defined, the system assumes that a plug 30 is present (FIG. IB), placed just below the depth of the operation in the string of control rods.
    However, the system does not automatically assume that a seal is present in the annular space, and in some embodiments, all of the seals must be necessarily specified by the user for the purpose of calculations.
    Figure 4 illustrates a user interface (GUI graphical user interface) 400 used to define the thermal parameters and those associated with the constraints, according to certain illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure. As can be seen in said Figure, the dialog boxes presenting the details of the operation are illustrated for an injection operation (on the left) and a circulation operation (on the right). In the injection dialog, the pressures and associated locations are defined, along with the depth of perforation, the inlet temperature and the injection rate. In addition, the duration and volume of the injection operation are also defined. Also note that dialog 402 sets the default punch depth at the end of the string of stems (in this example, the end of the string of rods is 16,933.0 feet). Therefore, in this example, the user selected a hole depth above the end of the string of rods at 16,500.0 feet. In the traffic dialog, the direction and depth of traffic are defined. The inlet temperature, circulation rate and pressure at a nozzle are also defined. The duration (time and volume) are then defined. Note again that the default circulation depth is set at 16,933.0 feet (at the end of the string of rods). So, in this example too, the user specified the circulation depth at 12,500 feet (above the end of the string of rods).
    In some illustrative embodiments, the simulated plugs in the train of control rods and the seals in the annular space act as pressure and flow barriers. When an operation is performed above the end of the string of rods, the calculation is performed by the system in two parts: a part of fluid flow above the depth of the operation (i.e. above the end of the control rod train), and a static part of the fluid below the depth of the operation (i.e. below the end of the control rod train). Above the depth of the operation, the flow of the fluid has a great influence on the temperature with effects of transfer of heat by mainly forced convection and, consequently, an influence on the pressure because of a pressure drop by flow friction. Below the depth of the operation, the temperature and pressure are calculated on the basis of the hydrostatic state in which the heat transfer is based mainly on conduction and natural convection. Below the current plug, there may be other plugs from historical operations, resulting in multiple regions with no flow. Certain illustrative embodiments of this disclosure take all of these differences into account in the calculation.
    Figure 5 illustrates a screenshot showing a schematic view 500 of a well defined by implementing an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure. Note that the end of the string of control rods is identified at the bottom of the wellbore 500. The configuration of the well includes a series of fracturing zones 1 to N. For illustration purposes, the temperature at the outlet of the operation implemented above the end of the string of rods of Figure 5 (the production column 502 is used and presented in this illustration) is illustrated for a single injection operation in Figure 6. In this disclosure, the measured depth (in feet) is presented as a function of fluid temperatures (for the production column, the ream of working rods, the annular space and those that did not vary ) above the end of the string of rods during an injection operation. Figure 7 illustrates the temperature profile for a linked injection operation above the end of the stem train after a sequence of a chain of operations implemented above the end of the train stems; Figure 8 illustrates a temperature profile for a circulation operation above the end of the string of rods; and Figure 9 illustrates a temperature profile for a linked circulation operation above the end of the string of stems after a sequence of a chain of operations implemented above the end of the string of stems. A linked operation means an operation in which the temperature / pressure thus obtained from a previous operation is applied as the initial temperature of the wellbore, and so on.
    Still referring to FIGS. 4 to 9, once the thermal results have been obtained by the system, the process of the work flows continues via the stress modules of the casing and of the production column. for stress analysis, in which the temperature and pressure results of the production module are applied for the stress analysis of the casing and the production column. This process will include the temperature and pressure of the operation generated during the simulation of such an operation implemented above the end of the string of rods. As previously mentioned, the presence of the plug and seals causes a discontinuity in the pressures above the plug, and also causes a discontinuity of stresses along the casing and the production column, which could cause the casing and production column rupture. However, the stress analysis modules of this disclosure calculate these stress results, which makes it possible to prevent and correct such cases. Stress results could include axial loads, safety factors (for example, a safety factor associated with axial, triaxial movement, collapse, bursting), variation in length of production column and casing, and displacement, packing load analysis, etc. as illustrated in Figures 10 to 12. Figure 10 is a graph of the axial load of an open operation above the end of a string of rods (with or without bending) after a sequence of the chain of operations implemented above the end of the string of rods; FIG. 11 is a graph of the safety factors of such an operation opened above the end of a string of rods after a sequence of the chain of operations implemented above the end of the oar of stems; and Figure 12 is a graph of the length change results of an open operation above the end of a string of rods after a sequence of the chain of operations implemented above the end oar of stems.
    Figure 13 is a graph of the design limit for the production column as a function of the temperature and pressure associated with a sequential linked operation above the end of a string of rods. In Figure 13, the graph shows the results of the last operation with an injection at 13,500 feet. Therefore, an appropriate design of the production column can be applied to avoid any limitation or else the same production column can be used while avoiding any limitation of the design.
    Finally, the workflows illustrated in Figures 4 to 13 apply the results of the operation, including the impact of such temperature and pressure profiles in an operation implemented above the end of the string of rods, on the analysis of the accumulation of trapped annular pressure and of the wellhead movement of the multi-string of rods as described above. As the temperature response above and below the depth of the operation (i.e. injection depth, or fracturing depth, or circulation depth) is different, and as there are large deviations above the plugs and seals, it is expected that the trapped annular pressure will be rather different; in addition, it is also expected that certain regions may, at different regions of annealed trapped annular space, exhibit increases in pressure while others may exhibit decreases in pressure. The deviation of the annular pressure accumulation, under conditions of different regions, induces an additional discontinuity of the loads on the production column and the casings and can moreover induce a rupture of the string of rods, these can be discovered using the illustrative methods described in this disclosure.
    Consequently, the methods described in this disclosure provide workflows and integrated systems making it possible to analyze thermal and stress conditions during complex operations implemented above the string of rods, thus responding industry needs. To date, conventional approaches have been limited to analysis below the end of the string of stems. The illustrative methods described in this disclosure simulate the thermal responses of the operations wellbore implemented above the end of the string of rods (e.g., fracturing, injection, circulation, or production) , then apply the temperature and the densities / pressures to the analysis of the constraints of the production column, and finally share the data of temperature and flow of densities and pressures of the well system with a simulator of complex loads of the well drilling the well system to thereby calculate the annular pressure trapped and the movement of the well head affected by such special operational sequences.
    The methods and embodiments described in this disclosure further include any one or more of the following paragraphs:
    1. A computer-implemented method for simulating the thermal conditions and stresses of a wellbore over one end of a string of control rods, said method comprising defining a configuration of a well drilling comprising a train of control rods therein; the definition of an operation to be carried out along the wellbore above one end of the string of control rods; and, based on the configuration of the wellbore and the operation to be performed, the calculation of the thermal and stress response of the wellbore above the end of the strand of control rods.
    2. A computer-implemented process as defined in paragraph 1, further comprising calculating an annular pressure buildup trapped in the wellbore based on thermal and stress responses.
    3. A computer-implemented process as defined in paragraphs 1 or 2, îo further comprising calculating a movement of the wellhead of the wellbore based on thermal and stress responses.
    4. A computer-implemented process as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 3, in which the operation is a fracturing, injection, production, or circulation operation.
    5. A computer-implemented method as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 4, in which the thermal and stress responses of the wellbore above the end of the strand of control rods are calculated by determining the flow of fluid over the end of the array of control rods; and determining static behavior of the fluid below the end of the control rod train.
    6. A computer-implemented method as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein the definition of the operation includes the definition of a depth measured for the operation along the wellbore; the definition of a position of a plug inside the train of control rods below the measured depth; and defining a position of a gasket along an annular space of the wellbore.
    7. A computer-implemented process as defined in any one of paragraphs 1 to 6, in which the simulation is applied to plan, implement, or analyze a wellbore operation.
    8. A system for simulating the thermal conditions and stresses of a wellbore over one end of a string of control rods, said system comprising a user interface; and a set of processing circuits coupled in communication with the user interface and configured to execute instructions causing the system to perform operations comprising defining a configuration of a wellbore comprising a string of control rods in sound breast; the definition of an operation to be carried out along the wellbore above one end of the string of control rods; and, based on the configuration of the wellbore and the operation to be performed, the calculation of the thermal and stress response of the wellbore above the end of the strand of control rods.
    9. A system as defined in paragraph 8, further comprising calculating an accumulation of trapped annular pressure in the wellbore based on thermal and stress responses.
    10. A system as defined in paragraphs 8 or 9, further comprising calculating a movement of the wellhead of the wellbore on the basis of the thermal and stress responses.
    11. A system as defined in any one of paragraphs 8 to 10, in which the operation is a fracturing, injection, production, or circulation operation.
    12. A system as defined in any one of paragraphs 8 to 11, in which the thermal and stress responses of the wellbore above the end of the strand of control rods are calculated by determining fluid flow over the end of the control rod train; and determining static behavior of the fluid below the end of the control rod train.
    13. A system as defined in any one of paragraphs 8 to 12, in which the definition of the operation includes the definition of a depth measured for the operation along the wellbore; the definition of a position of a plug inside the train of control rods below the measured depth; and defining a position of a gasket along an annular space of the wellbore.
    14. A system as defined in any one of paragraphs 8 to 13, in which the simulation is applied to plan, implement, or analyze a wellbore operation.
    In addition, the illustrative methods described in this disclosure can be implemented by a system comprising a set of processing circuits or a non-transient computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods as described in this disclosure.
    Although various embodiments and methods have been presented and described, the present disclosure is not limited to such embodiments and methods and will be understood to include all of the modifications and variations that would appear apparent to humans of career. Thus, it should be understood that this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular forms described. On the contrary, the intention of the invention is to cover all the modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    THE CLAIMS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
    1. A method implemented by computer to simulate the thermal conditions and stresses 5 of a wellbore above one end of a string of control rods, said method comprising:
    defining a configuration of a wellbore comprising a string of control rods therein;
    the definition of an operation to be implemented along the wellbore above an end of the string of control rods; and on the basis of the configuration of the wellbore and the operation to be implemented, the calculation of the thermal and stress response of the wellbore above the end of the string of control rods.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. A computer-implemented method as defined in claim 1, further comprising calculating an annular pressure buildup trapped in the wellbore based on thermal and stress responses.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. A computer-implemented method as defined in claim 1, further comprising calculating a movement of the wellhead of the wellbore based on the thermal and stress responses.
    4. A computer-implemented method as defined in claim 1, in which the operation is a fracturing, injection, production, or circulation operation.
    5. A computer-implemented method as defined in claim 1, in which the thermal and stress responses of the wellbore above the end of the strand of control rods are calculated by:
    25 determining the flow of fluid over the end of the control rod train; and determining static behavior of the fluid below the end of the control rod train.
    6. Process implemented by computer as defined in claim 1, in which the definition of the operation comprises:
    the definition of a depth measured for the operation along the wellbore; the definition of a position of a plug inside the train of control rods in
    5 below the measured depth; and defining a position of a gasket along an annular space of the wellbore.
    7. A computer-implemented method as defined in claim 1, wherein the simulation is applied to plan, implement, or analyze a well drilling operation.
    8. System intended to simulate the thermal conditions and stresses of a wellbore above one end of a string of control rods, said system comprising:
    a user interface; and a set of processing circuits coupled in communication with the user interface 15 and configured to execute instructions causing the system to perform operations comprising:
    defining a configuration of a wellbore comprising a string of control rods therein;
    the definition of an operation to be carried out along the wellbore above one end of the string of control rods; and on the basis of the configuration of the wellbore and the operation to be implemented, the calculation of the thermal and stress response of the wellbore above the end of the string of control rods.
    9. The system as defined in claim 8, further comprising calculating an accumulation of trapped annular pressure of the wellbore based on the thermal and stress responses.
    10. The system as defined in claim 8, further comprising calculating a movement of the wellhead of the wellbore based on the thermal and stress responses.
    11. The system as defined in claim 8, in which the operation is a fracturing, injection, production or circulation operation.
    12. System as defined in claim 8, in which the thermal and stress responses of the wellbore above the end of the strand of control rods are
    5 calculated by:
    determining the flow of fluid over the end of the control rod train; and determining static behavior of the fluid below the end of the control rod train.
    îo 13. System as defined in claim 8, in which the definition of the operation comprises:
    the definition of a depth measured for the operation along the wellbore; the definition of a position of a plug inside the train of control rods below the measured depth; and
    15 the definition of a position of a seal along an annular space of the wellbore.
    14. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein the simulation is applied to plan, implement, or analyze a wellbore operation.
    15. Non-transient computer-readable medium including instructions which, once
    20 executed by at least one processor, cause the processor to carry out a method comprising the method of claim 1.
    1/15 <
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    30570 ^
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    Display device
    Processor
    218 I / O devices
    System bus
    Network communication module
    Memory
    Thermal and stress simulator Module Module Module prediction of prediction of constraints drilling production casing 214’- Z Column constraints moduleproduction APB module Modulemulti-oars of rods —- ·
    ΠΛ Λ w. £
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4/15
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5/15
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2017339683A1|2019-02-21|
    NO20190121A1|2019-01-31|
    GB2569705B|2021-07-28|
    GB2569705A|2019-06-26|
    US10664633B2|2020-05-26|
    WO2018067279A1|2018-04-12|
    CA3032706C|2020-09-29|
    GB201901536D0|2019-03-27|
    US20180096083A1|2018-04-05|
    CA3032706A1|2018-04-12|
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    法律状态:
    2018-07-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-09-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-06-11| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20210506 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US15285551|2016-10-05|
    US15/285,551|US10664633B2|2016-10-05|2016-10-05|Wellbore thermal, pressure, and stress analysis above end of operating string|
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