• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Brake diagnosing device (1) having an instantaneous relative speed sensing sensor (UF) between the brake disc and the brake lining, a device for determining an instantaneous brake lining force on the disk brake, a coefficient of friction estimation unit for estimating an instantaneous coefficient of friction, a temperature estimation unit for estimating the instantaneous temperature of the friction disk friction surface (Ts), a device for warning to emit a signal when the instantaneous temperature of the brake disk friction surface (Ts) reaches a limiting value
    公开号:FR3055121A1
    申请号:FR1770845
    申请日:2017-08-10
    公开日:2018-02-23
    发明作者:Miklos Kremer；Dr. Ferenc Szekely
    申请人:Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): KNORR BREMSE SYSTEM FUR SCHIENENFAHRZEUGE GMBH.
    Extension request (s)
    Agent (s): CABINET FLECHNER.
    DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSING BRAKES OF A BRAKING DEVICE OF A VEHICLE AND DIAGNOSTIC METHOD RELATING THERETO.
    FR 3 055 121 - A1 (57) Brake diagnostic device (1) provided with a sensor for detecting an instantaneous relative speed (u f ) between the brake disc and the brake lining, a device for determining a instantaneous force of the brake lining on the brake disc, a friction coefficient estimation unit to estimate an instantaneous friction coefficient, a temperature estimation unit to estimate the instantaneous surface temperature (T s ) of the brake disc friction, a warning device for emitting a signal when the instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface (T s ) reaches a limit value

    Brake diagnostic device of a vehicle braking device and its diagnostic method
    The invention relates to a brake diagnostic device for a vehicle braking device, in particular a brake diagnostic device with regard to heating of a brake disc of a vehicle braking device rail.
    Methods for using a kinetic energy modification of the rail vehicle to arrive at heat produced by transformed energy are known for estimating heating of brakes of railway vehicles. Other parameters are taken into account for this purpose, such as for example the number of brakes, a variation of a potential energy and an influence of other braking devices, this estimate being however imprecise and costly.
    EP 1,950,111 B1 describes, on the other hand, a process for obtaining a temperature of a brake disc, which transforms, by calculation into heat energy, mechanical energy calculated by means of a relative angular speed, pressure force of a brake lining on the brake disc and a coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction necessary for the calculation of the mechanical energy is determined experimentally, the coefficient of friction being used in the form of a function of a relative speed between the brake lining and the brake disc or in the form of 'a constant mean value.
    The invention aims to obtain directly and precisely a temperature of the brake disc, in particular without the need to calculate a kinetic or potential energy of the rail vehicle, or to take account of other braking devices of the rail vehicle, and to transmit it information.
    The brake diagnostic device according to the invention has a sensor for detecting an instantaneous temperature of a brake environment. By detecting the temperature of the environment of the brake, it is possible to simply detect the temperature of elements of the brake, such as for example of the brake disc, if it has not passed before a braking operation, a time period defined in advance such that the temperatures of the brake elements are compensated with the temperature of the environment of the brake. If a fairly short time has elapsed since the last braking operation, the temperature of the brake disc is evaluated according to a method, which takes into account the fact that no energy input to the brake disc has taken place and which incorporates a calorific capacity of the body of the brake disc and of the friction surface of the brake disc and a transmission of heat between the layers of the brake disc and towards the environment.
    In addition, the brake diagnostic device comprises a sensor for detecting an instantaneous relative speed between the brake disc and a brake lining. This sensor can be, for example, a proximity sensor, by which it is possible to determine, on an adequately shaped axle or on an adequately shaped wheel, a speed of rotation of the axle or of the wheel. This rotational speed can then be transformed into a relative speed (therefore in m / s) by an easy-to-determine average friction radius of the brake lining from the center of the axle. The speed of the railway vehicle can also be determined, for example, by optical sensors, which detect the relative speed with respect to the environment.
    In addition, the brake diagnostic device includes a device configured to determine an instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc. This can be done, for example, directly by a force sensor in connection with the mounting of the brake lining or indirectly, as will be explained below.
    In addition, the brake diagnostic device is provided with a memory device configured to store parameters for an estimation of the coefficient of friction. Parameters of this kind are, for example, constants, which represent a behavior of a pairing of a brake disc and a brake lining. These parameters are determined in advance experimentally.
    In addition, the brake diagnostic device includes a coefficient of friction estimation unit configured to estimate an instantaneous coefficient of friction between the brake lining and the brake disc. This estimation is carried out on the basis of the instantaneous normal force of the instantaneous relative speed, of the parameters for the estimation of the coefficient of friction and of the instantaneous temperature of a friction surface of the brake disc. As mentioned above, the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc corresponds, after a fairly long period of time without braking operation, to the temperature of the environment, the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc can be considered to be equal to the temperature of the environment at the start of a braking operation, in order to estimate the coefficient of friction between the brake lining and the brake disc.
    The brake diagnostic device further comprises a temperature estimation unit, configured to estimate the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc based on the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed and the coefficient of instantaneous friction between the brake lining and the brake disc, the heat capacities of the friction surface of the brake disc and the brake disc body, of a heat transfer between the friction surface of the disc brake disc and a brake disc body and a heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc and the environment of the brake. The heat transfer coefficient describes the heat transfer on both sides of the brake disc and depends on the speed and the temperature.
    This estimated instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc is then entered into the friction coefficient estimation unit to estimate the instantaneous friction coefficient between the brake lining and the brake disc on the basis of the modification. the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc. Estimates of the instantaneous coefficient of friction between the friction surface of the brake lining and the friction surface of the brake disc and of the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc are made cyclically during a braking operation.
    The brake diagnostic device finally comprises a device for warning the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc, configured to emit a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the disc. brake reaches a limit value for the friction surface temperature of the brake disc determined in advance. With this signal, a locomotive driver can be informed that the brake discs and thus, if necessary also, the brake linings are overheated.
    The brake diagnostic device thus configured allows a continuous and simultaneous estimation of the coefficient of friction and, consequently, of a braking force and of the temperature of the brake discs. It is thus possible, compared with what exists as close as possible, to significantly improve an accuracy of the estimation both of the coefficient of friction and also of the temperature of the brake disc.
    In one embodiment, the brake diagnostic device is preferably provided with a unit for emitting the friction surface temperature of the brake disc. Using this unit for transmitting the friction surface temperature of the brake disc, it is possible to transmit the friction surface temperature of the brake disc estimated instantaneously. It is thus possible to inform the driver of the locomotive, for example by a display device, in good time, of a potential overheating of the brake.
    Another brake diagnostic device according to the invention has a sensor for detecting an instantaneous temperature of the environment of a brake. By detecting the temperature of the brake environment, it is possible in this case to detect the temperature of brake elements, such as the brake disc for example, when it has not passed , before a braking operation, a period of time determined in advance such that the temperature of the brake elements has equalized with the temperature of the environment. When a fairly short time has elapsed since the last braking operation, the temperature of the brake disc is evaluated by a method, which takes into account the fact that no energy input to the brake disc has taken place and which incorporates a calorific capacity of the body of the brake disc and the friction surface of the brake disc and a heat transmission between the layers of the brake disc and towards the environment.
    This brake diagnostic device further comprises a sensor for detecting a relative speed between the brake disc and a brake lining. In this case too, this sensor can be, for example, a proximity sensor, by which a speed of rotation of the axle or the wheel can be determined on an adequately shaped axle or on an adequately shaped wheel . This speed of rotation can then also be transformed into the relative speed (therefore in m / s) by a simple distance to be determined from the brake lining to the center of the axle. The speed of the railway vehicle can also be determined, in this case, for example by optical sensors, which detect the relative speed with respect to the environment.
    The brake diagnostic device further includes a device configured to determine an instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc. This can also be done, in this case for example, directly by a force sensor in connection with the mounting of the brake lining or indirectly as explained below.
    This brake diagnostic device can, moreover, also be provided with a memory device configured to store parameters for an estimation of the coefficient of friction. Parameters of this kind are, in this case also, for example, constants, which represent a behavior of a pairing of a brake disc and a brake lining. These parameters are determined in advance, experimentally.
    This brake diagnostic device according to the invention also comprises a friction coefficient estimation unit, configured to estimate an instantaneous friction coefficient between the brake lining and the brake disc. This estimate is also made, in this case, on the basis of the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed, the parameters for the estimation of the coefficient of friction and the instantaneous temperature of a friction surface of the disc. brake. As mentioned above, the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc corresponds, after a fairly long period of time without braking operation, to the temperature of the environment, the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc can be considered to be equal to start of a braking operation at ambient temperature, in order to estimate the coefficient of friction.
    In addition, the brake diagnostic device also includes a temperature estimation unit configured to estimate the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc based on the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed, the coefficient of instantaneous friction between the brake lining and the brake disc, of a heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc and a body of the brake disc and of a heat transmission between the brake surface friction of the brake disc and the environment of the brake. The heat transfer coefficient describes, in this case also, the heat transmission on both sides of the brake disc and depends on the speed and the temperature.
    This estimated instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc is then, in this brake diagnostic device, also entered into the friction coefficient estimation unit to estimate the instantaneous friction coefficient between the brake lining and the brake disc on the basis of the change in the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc. The estimates of the instantaneous coefficient of friction between the brake lining and the brake disc and the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc are made, also in this case, cyclically during a braking operation.
    The temperature estimation unit of this brake diagnostic device according to the invention is further configured to estimate an instantaneous temperature of a brake disc body on the basis of a heat transmission between the friction surface of the brake disc and the body of the brake disc. This heat transfer depends on the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc and the temperature of the body of the brake disc.
    The brake disc is reproduced in the heat estimation unit in the form of a thermal model, which is formed by two heat accumulators. One of the heat accumulators corresponds to the friction surface (temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc) and the other heat accumulator corresponds to a remaining part (temperature of the body of the brake disc). The brake disc is subdivided into two parts using a comparison of experimental braking test data and / or precise modeling of a brake system using a structure analysis process or flow simulation. This subdivision corresponds to the direction in which the greatest stresses due to heat are expected (for example, the axial direction).
    This diagnostic device finally comprises a device for warning the temperature of the body of the brake disc, configured for in particular a signal emitting an audible signal, warning, when the instantaneous temperature of the body of the brake disc reaches a limit value of brake disc body temperature determined in advance. By this signal, a locomotive driver can be informed that the body of the brake disc is overheated.
    In one embodiment, this brake diagnostic device is preferably provided with a unit for transmitting the temperature of the body of the brake disc. Using the brake disc body temperature emission unit, it is possible to indicate the brake disc body temperature instantly estimated. It is thus possible that the driver of the locomotive is, for example by a display device, informed in time of a potential overheating of the body of the brake disc, even if the brake disc has not reached, on its friction surface, the limit value of the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc.
    In another embodiment, this brake diagnostic device is preferably provided with a unit for estimating the voltage due to heat. By using the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc and the instantaneous temperature of the brake body, it is possible to estimate, in the brake disc, a tension due to the heat relevant for damage to the brake disc .
    In yet another embodiment, this brake diagnostic device preferably has a damage estimation device configured to estimate the damage to the brake disc from the voltage due to the heat relevant for 1 damage to the brake disc and a damage warning device configured to emit a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the damage reaches a predetermined limit value.
    According to another embodiment, this brake diagnostic device preferably also has a memory unit configured to memorize the voltage due to heat, relevant for the damage to the brake disc, from the temperature. of the friction surface of the brake disc and the instantaneous temperature of the body of the brake disc, or damage to the brake disc during each braking operation. In addition, damage values of the brake disc are, with each braking operation, accumulated as cumulative damage. This embodiment further comprises a cumulative damage warning unit configured to emit a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the cumulative damage reaches a limit value determined in advance.
    When the cumulative damage reaches the limit value determined in advance, a signal is issued which indicates that the brake disc must be checked or replaced.
    By storing information on the cumulative damage to the brake disc, it is possible to issue an estimate of the remaining life of the brake disc.
    In one embodiment of the brake diagnostic device, there is preferably provided a transmitting unit configured to transmit the accumulated damage. By this emission, the driver of the locomotive or the maintenance personnel can be informed, by a display, that it is necessary to check a certain brake disc or to replace it. A maintenance measure can thus be carried out rationally.
    In one embodiment of the brake diagnostic device, the latter preferably includes the characteristics of the brake disc diagnostic device described first, namely the sensor for detecting the instantaneous temperature and the environment of the brake, the sensor for detecting the instantaneous relative speed between the brake disc and the brake lining, the device configured to determine the instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc, the memory device configured to memorize parameters for estimating the coefficient of friction, the unit for estimating the coefficient of friction configured to estimate the instantaneous coefficient of friction between the brake lining and the brake disc based on the instantaneous normal force, speed relative instantaneous, parameters of the estimate of the temperature coefficient of friction and instantaneous of the friction surface of the brake disc and the temperature estimation unit configured to estimate the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc based on the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed, the coefficient of instantaneous friction between the brake lining and the brake disc, of heat capacities of the friction surface of the brake disc and of the body of the brake disc, of the heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc and a body of the brake disc and the transmission of heat between the friction surface of the brake disc and the environment of the brake and the friction surface temperature warning device of the brake disc configured to emit a signal , in particular a warning signal, when the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc exceeds the temperature limit value of l a friction surface of the brake disc determined in advance. In addition, the brake diagnostic device optionally includes the unit for transmitting the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc. In addition, this embodiment includes the unit for estimating the configured, in addition, for estimating the instantaneous temperature temperature of the body of the brake disc on the basis of the transmission of heat between the friction surface of the brake disc. brake and the brake disc body and the brake disc body temperature warning device configured to emit a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc body reaches a limit value brake disc body temperature determined in advance.
    In addition, this brake diagnostic device is preferably optionally provided with the unit for emitting the temperature of the body of the brake disc and, in addition, this brake diagnostic device is optionally provided with the unit. for estimating the voltage due to heat, optionally from the damage estimation unit and optionally from the memory unit configured to memorize the voltage due to heat, relevant for damage to the brake disc , in the brake disc during each braking operation. In addition, there is, in this brake diagnostic device, optionally the cumulative damage warning device and there is optionally provided the transmitting unit configured to emit the cumulative damage.
    In another improvement of the brake diagnostic device, the device for determining the normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc is preferably a pressure sensor for a fluid / air pressure in a brake cylinder . By detecting the pressure in the brake, it is possible to determine, via a surface of a brake piston and by a performance of the brake, the normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc.
    According to a variant of the brake diagnostic device, the device for determining the normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc is preferably a calculating unit configured to calculate the instantaneous normal force from a request of brake. In this case, it is calculated, from a setpoint prescription value of a fluid / air pressure or a normal force, by means of pneumatic parameters and of a performance of the brake system, normal force, which, created from the brake demand, applies to the brake disc.
    In a diagnostic method according to the invention, the instantaneous temperature of the environment of the brake is first detected. By this temperature detection, it is possible to deduce, on the one hand, the temperature of the brake disc, while, on the other hand, this contributes to the estimation of a heat transfer from the friction surface of the lining. brake on the environment.
    Furthermore, in the method according to the invention, the instantaneous relative speed between the brake disc and the brake lining and the instantaneous normal force of the brake lining to the brake disc is detected.
    Based on this detected value of the instantaneous relative speed and the normal force, the instantaneous coefficient of friction is estimated from the parameters for the estimation of the coefficient of friction and from the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc. between the brake lining and the brake disc.
    We then use the estimated instantaneous friction coefficient between the brake lining and the brake disc, as well as the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed, the heat transmission between the friction surface of the brake disc and the body of the disc. brake and heat transmission between the
    surface of friction of disk of brake and The environment brake for assess the temperature instant of the surface of friction of disk of
    brake.
    The instantaneous friction coefficient is estimated cyclically at the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc. As indicated above, this means that the instantaneous friction coefficient is estimated at the start of the braking operation on the basis of an estimated instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface, which corresponds to the temperature brake environment. By this instantaneous coefficient of friction, the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc is then estimated, which is used in the following cycle to estimate the instantaneous coefficient of friction, from which the new estimate is instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc.
    The method according to the invention further comprises the stage by which a signal, in particular a warning signal, is emitted when the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc reaches a limit value of disc surface temperature brake determined in advance.
    In an improvement of the method, the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc is preferably indicated. This allows a locomotive driver to predict, for example, using other brake systems, that the brake disc will overheat.
    Another method according to the invention comprises, in addition to the stages of the method mentioned above of the detection of the instantaneous temperature and of the environment of the brake, of the detection of the instantaneous relative speed between the brake disc and the lining. brake, determining the instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc and estimating the instantaneous coefficient of friction between the brake lining and the friction surface of the brake disc and the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc, also a process step consisting of an estimate of the instantaneous temperature of the body of the brake disc. This instantaneous brake disc body temperature is estimated based on the heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc and the brake disc body and the heat capacity of the brake disc body.
    In addition, this method according to the invention additionally includes a stage in which a signal, in particular a warning signal, is emitted when the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc body reaches the temperature limit value of the brake disc body. brake determined in advance.
    According to an improvement, this method preferably includes the stage in which the instantaneous temperature of the body of the brake disc is emitted. This can be displayed or used for other purposes.
    In another improvement of the method, it is estimated, preferably, a tension due to heat, relevant for the damage of the brake disc, of the brake disc based on a heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc and the body of the brake disc and a transmission of heat between the friction surface of the brake disc and the environment of the brake. The heat stress in the brake disc can be used to estimate damage or aging of the brake disc.
    In another improvement of the method, it is preferable to estimate damage to the brake disc from the instantaneous voltage due to heat and a signal, in particular a warning signal, is emitted when the damage reaches a limit value determined in advance.
    An improvement of the method comprises, preferably still, the stages of memorization of the instantaneous tension due to the heat or of the instantaneous damage of the brake disc with each braking operation, an accumulation of the memorized damages of the brake disc in cumulative damage and the transmission of a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the cumulative damage reaches the limit value determined in advance. By issuing the warning, it is indicated that the brake disc is damaged during operation or is aged, so a change of the brake disc is necessary.
    In another improvement, the method preferably comprises a stage in which the cumulative damage is emitted. We already plan before the signal is sent, according to which the limit value is reached, possibly a check or a replacement of the brake disc.
    According to an improvement, the method preferably comprises the detection of the instantaneous temperature of the environment of the brake, the detection of the instantaneous relative speed between the brake disc and the brake lining and the instantaneous normal force of the brake lining. brake on the brake disc, the estimate of the instantaneous coefficient of friction between the brake lining and the brake disc and the estimate of the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc and, when the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc reaches a limit value of the friction surface of the brake disc temperature determined in advance, the emission of a signal, in particular a warning signal. This refinement of the method also includes, in addition, the estimation of the instantaneous temperature of the body of the brake disc and the emission of a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the instantaneous temperature of the body of the disc. brake reaches the limit value for the body temperature of the brake disc determined in advance.
    Furthermore, this diagnostic method preferably includes, optionally, the emission of the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc, the emission of the instantaneous temperature of the body of the brake disc, the estimation of the voltage due to the heat relevant to the damage of the brake disc in the brake disc, the estimation of the damage to the brake disc and the emission of a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the damage reaches the limit value determined in advance. This diagnostic method further comprises, preferably, optionally, the memorization of the voltage due to heat, relevant for the damage to the brake disc, or the damage to the brake disc, the cumulative damage to the brake disc at each braking operation in cumulative damage and the emission of a signal, in particular a warning signal, when the cumulative damage reaches a limit value defined in advance.
    An explanation is given below, with reference to the appended drawings, of an embodiment of a brake diagnostic device according to the invention.
    At drawings :
    FIG. 1 FIG. 2 represents a theoretical consideration of a cooperation between a friction model and a temperature model and is a block diagram of part of the brake diagnostic device.
    Figure 1 shows a consideration module 1 of a diagnostic device module 1 consisting of a model 2 brake disc and brake lining and thermal.
    theoretical of a brake, the friction of a model 3
    In the brake diagnostic device, enter a normal force F n of a brake lining on a brake disc and a relative speed of the brake disc with respect to the brake lining. The normal force F „and the relative speed / y are entered both in model 2 of brake disc friction-brake lining and in model 3 thermal.
    A process carried out in module 1 is based on a continuous and simultaneous estimation of a coefficient μ α of friction and, consequently, of the braking force and temperatures of the brake disc. A model which forms the basis of such an estimate describes both the influence of the coefficient of friction on the temperature of the brake disc and the influence of the temperature of the brake disc on the coefficient μ α of friction.
    The friction disc brake model-brake lining model 2 describes a dependence of friction between the brake disc and the brake lining as a function of the temperature of the brake disc, of the relative speed Vf between the brake lining and the brake disc (thus the speed of the brake disc in m / s) and of the normal force, which applies between the brake lining and the brake disc, according to equation (1) below:
    μ α (ομΤ 5 Ρη) = ao + αμ> / + a !) / 2 + bjTs + b2T 2 + C] F „+ C2Fn 2 (1) in which üy is the relative speed between the brake lining and the brake disc, T s is a temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc, F n is the normal force applied between the lining and the brake disc, which can be calculated from a cylinder pressure of brake and a, b and c are constants determined experimentally, which are characteristic of the pairings of disc brake freingarniture.
    The coefficient μ α of friction is defined as follows in equation (2):
    μ α = Mb (2)
    F „r m in which Mb is a braking torque and r m an average friction radius of the brake disc (design parameter of the brake disc) and the braking force, which slows down a vehicle is Fb ra ke = Mb / R w heei, Rwheei being the radius of the vehicle wheel.
    The thermal model 3 determines the temperature of the brake disc as a function of the brake cylinder pressure and the relative speed.
    The brake disc is represented by two heat accumulators, one of the accumulators corresponding to the friction surface, while the other accumulator corresponds to the remaining part (body of the disc). The subdivision corresponds to the direction in which the greatest heat stresses are expected, i.e. the axial direction.
    The thermal model 3 uses two estimates for the brake disc:
    An estimate T s of the friction surface of the brake disc (equation (3)) and an estimate of the temperature of the body of the brake disc (equation (4)), which relate to each other and to the brake cylinder pressure which influences the input power, are indicated by the following differential equations:
    G dTs (t) = P in (t) - λ [Τ 5 (ί) - T b (t)] - c s (v, T s ) [T s (t) -T amb ] (3) dt
    C b · dTb (t) = X T s (t) - T b (t)] -c b (i), T b ) [T b (t) - T amb ] (4) dt in which the index 5 is given for the part of the friction surface of the brake disc and index b for the body of the brake disc, T Stb is the respective heat capacity, λ the heat transmission in the brake disc, C Sib the respective heat transmission between the brake disc and a brake environment on both sides of the brake disc, the respective heat transmission being dependent on speed and temperatures, T amb is a temperature of the environment of the brake disc brake and P in = pa-Fn-Uj is the friction power.
    In the equations, the coefficient μ α of friction is the instantaneous value, calculated according to model 2 of friction brake disc-brake lining described above, while the normal force is calculated from the pressure of the brake cylinder, using the experimentally determined pressure-force properties of the brake device.
    Based on model 2 friction disc brake-brake lining and model 3 thermal, we can have module 1, which cooperates with a brake control device and which continuously provides information on the instantaneous temperatures of the brake disc and the coefficient μ α of friction between the brake disc and the brake lining.
    The brake diagnostic device 1 operates as follows:
    The brake diagnostic device 1 obtains, if necessary, by a speed sensor, the speed
    instant of the wheel, the Advance by a system transforms in a speed
    if necessary, treated with anti-slip and the relative Vf between the brake lining and the brake disc).
    The brake diagnostic device 1 obtains an instantaneous pressure of the cylinder (from a pressure sensor or calculated from a braking request) and transforms it into the normal force between the brake disc and the brake lining (the transformation is based on known properties of the brake device.
    The brake diagnostic device 1 calculates the two brake disc temperatures from the instantaneous normal force and the relative speed Vf.
    The brake diagnostic device 1 estimates the friction between the brake disc and the brake lining from the temperature of the brake disc, the speed v / relative and the normal force.
    Figure 2 shows a block diagram of part of a brake diagnostic device. The information made available by module 1, which includes the instantaneous friction coefficient μ α of the brake disc-brake lining and the two temperatures of the brake disc, namely the temperature T s of the friction surface of the brake disc and the brake disc body temperature 7 *, are used to obtain diagnostic and warning information about the brake device, to provide guidance on measures to prevent brake failures.
    The module 1 provides, as indicated above, continuously an estimate of the temperature T s of the friction surface of the brake disc. The following possibilities follow for the use of this information:
    The instantaneous temperature T s of the friction surface of the brake disc can be indicated constantly or, as a variant, only when a limit value of the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc is reached.
    When the instantaneous temperature T s of the friction surface of the brake disc exceeds a first value r 5 _limitl, limit of the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc (T s >
    7d_limitl), a message is issued to check the brake disc during the next maintenance.
    When the temperature T s of the friction surface of the brake disc exceeds a second value 7 ' 5 _limit2, limit of the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc, which is greater than the first value 7 5 _limitl, limit the temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc (T s > r s _limitl), a signal is sent to the brake control device or to the driver of the locomotive, a signal which indicates that there is a danger brake disc overheating.
    In addition to the temperature T s of the friction surface of the brake disc, module 1 also provides the temperature T b of the body of the brake disc.
    The instantaneous temperature T b of the brake disc body is indicated constantly, or alternatively, only when a limit value of the temperature of the brake disc body is reached.
    Using these two temperatures, one can estimate an instantaneous internal tension (tension due to heat) of the brake disc on the basis of a temperature difference between the temperature T s of the friction surface of the brake disc and the temperature T b of the brake disc body.
    From this voltage due to heat, damage to the brake disc and also to the brake lining can be estimated.
    When it is estimated that the damage exceeds a first damage limit value Schâdigung_limitl (damage> Schadigung_limitl), a message is sent to check the brake disc at the next service.
    When it is estimated that the damage exceeds a second damage limit value
    Schâdigung_limit2 (damage> Schâdigung_limit2), a signal is sent to the brake control device or to the driver of the locomotive, a signal which indicates that there is a danger due to voltage caused by heat.
    The voltage due to heat, which is relevant for damage to the brake disc or damage due to braking operations, is memorized during a braking operation and accumulated as cumulative damage. The operating life of the brake disc is estimated from this cumulative damage.
    From this estimate of the life of the brake disc, maintenance information is produced concerning a life expectancy of the brake disc.
    ENUMERATION
    REFERENCES
    Module
    Friction-disc model of brake lining
    3 Thermal model
    Schâdigung_limitl First damage limit value
    Schâdigung_limit2 Second damage limit value
    T b Temperature of the brake disc body
    T s Temperature of the friction surface of the brake disc
    7k_limitl First temperature limit value of the friction surface of the brake disc
    7 ' i _limit2
    Fa
    Second temperature limit value of the friction surface of the brake disc
    Relative speed between the brake lining and the brake disc
    Coefficient of friction V f
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Device (1) for diagnosing the brake of a braking device of a vehicle, which is provided with at least one brake having a brake disc and a brake lining, comprising:
    a sensor for detecting an instantaneous temperature of a brake environment, a sensor for detecting an instantaneous relative speed (ty) between the brake disc and the brake lining, a device configured to determine a normal instantaneous force of the brake lining on the brake disc, a memory device configured to store parameters of a coefficient of friction estimate, a unit of coefficient of friction estimate configured to estimate a coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the lining and the brake disc on the basis of the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed (Vf), parameters for an estimate of coefficient of friction and an instantaneous temperature of a surface (T s ) of friction of the brake disc and a temperature estimation unit configured to estimate the instantaneous temperature of the friction surface (T s ) of the disc e of brake on the basis of instantaneous normal force, instantaneous relative speed (ü /), coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the brake lining and the brake disc, heat capacities of the friction surface of the brake and of the brake disc body, of a heat transmission between the friction surface of the brake disc and a brake disc body and of a heat transmission between the friction surface of the friction disc and 1 brake environment and a brake disc friction surface temperature warning device configured to emit a signal when the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc friction surface (T s ) reaches a limit value of friction surface temperature of the brake disc determined in advance.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Brake diagnostic device (1) according to claim 1, in which it is provided with a friction surface temperature emitting unit of the brake disc, configured to emit the instantaneous surface temperature (T s ) friction of the brake disc.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Brake diagnostic device (1) of a brake device of a vehicle, which is provided with at least one brake having a brake disc and a brake lining, comprising a temperature detection sensor instant of a brake environment, a sensor for detecting an instantaneous relative speed (ü /) between the brake disc and the brake lining, a device configured to determine a normal instantaneous force of the brake lining on the disc brake, a memory device configured to store parameters of a coefficient of friction estimate, a coefficient of friction estimation unit configured to estimate a coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the lining and the brake disc based on the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed (v /), parameters for an estimation of the coefficient of friction and an instantaneous temperature of a surface (T s ) brake disc friction and a temperature estimation unit configured to estimate the instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface (T s ) based on the instantaneous normal force, speed (υ /) instantaneous relative, of the coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the brake lining and the brake disc, of the heat capacities of the friction friction surface and of the body of the brake disc, of a heat transmission between the friction surface of the brake disc and a brake disc body and heat transmission between the friction surface of the friction disc and the environment of the brake and for evaluating an instantaneous temperature of a body (Tb) brake disc on the basis of a heat transmission between the friction surface of the brake disc and the body of the brake disc and a device for warning the temperature of the friction surface of the disc brake, configured to emit a signal when the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc body (T b ) reaches a limit value of the brake disc body temperature (7 *) determined in advance.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. The brake diagnostic device (1) as claimed in claim 3, in which it is provided with a friction disc friction surface temperature emitting unit configured to emit the instantaneous temperature of the disc body (Tb). of brake.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. A brake diagnostic device (1) according to claim 3 or 4, in which it has a heat tension evaluation unit configured to estimate a heat tension, relevant for damage to the disc. brake, in the brake disc on the basis of the instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface (T s ) and the instantaneous temperature of the brake disc body (Tb).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Brake diagnostic device (1) according to claim 5, comprising a damage estimation unit configured to estimate the damage of the brake disc from the voltage due to the heat relevant for the damage of the brake disc and a damage warning unit configured to emit a signal when the damage reaches a predetermined limit value.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. A brake diagnostic device (1) according to claim 6, comprising a memory unit configured to memorize the voltage due to heat for damage to the brake disc or damage to the brake disc each time braking and for accumulating the stored damage into cumulative damage and a cumulative damage warning device configured to emit a signal when the accumulated damage reaches a predetermined limit value.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. A brake diagnostic device (1) according to claim 7, in which it is provided with an emission unit configured to emit the accumulated damage.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Brake diagnostic device (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2 having the additional characteristics of one of claims 3 to 8.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Brake diagnostic device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device for determining the instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc has a pressure sensor for a fluid pressure / air in a brake cylinder.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Brake diagnostic device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the device for determining the instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc has a calculating unit configured to calculate the instantaneous normal force from the braking request.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. A diagnostic method for a braking device of a vehicle, which is provided with at least one brake having a brake disc and a brake lining, comprising the stages:
    detection of an instantaneous temperature of an environment of the braking device;
    detection of an instantaneous speed (υ / d between the brake disc and the brake lining;
    detection of an instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc;
    estimation of a coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the lining and the brake disc on the basis of instantaneous normal force, instantaneous speed (Of), parameters for an estimation of friction coefficient and an instantaneous temperature of a friction surface (T s ) of the brake disc;
    estimation of the instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface (T s ) on the basis of the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed (v /), the coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the lining brake and brake disc, heat capacity of the friction surface of the brake and the brake disc body, heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc and a brake disc body and heat transmission between the friction surface of the friction disc and the environment of the brake;
    emission of a signal when the instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface (T s ) reaches a limit value of the temperature of the friction disc friction surface determined in advance.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The diagnostic method according to claim 12, comprising the step:
    emission of the instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface (T s )
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. A diagnostic method for a vehicle braking device, which is provided with at least one brake having a brake disc and a brake lining, comprising the stages:
    detection of an instantaneous temperature of an environment of the braking device;
    detection of an instantaneous relative speed (üy) between the brake disc and the brake lining;
    detection of an instantaneous normal force of the brake lining on the brake disc;
    estimation of a coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the lining and the brake disc on the basis of the instantaneous normal force of the instantaneous speed (üy) relative parameters for an estimation of friction coefficient and a temperature instantaneous friction surface (T s ) of the brake disc;
    estimation of the instantaneous temperature of the friction disc friction surface (T s ) on the basis of the instantaneous normal force, the instantaneous relative speed (üy), the coefficient (μ α ) of instantaneous friction between the brake lining and the brake disc, heat capacities of the brake friction surface and the brake disc body, heat transfer between the friction disc friction surface and a brake disc body and a heat transmission between the friction surface of the friction disc and the environment of the brake;
    estimation of an instantaneous temperature of the brake disc body (7 /,) on the basis of a heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc
    and the body of the disc of brake and of the capacity calorific brake disc body and program of a signal when the temperature instant of body (Tb) of disc of brake exceeds one
    brake body temperature limit value determined in advance.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. The diagnostic method according to claim 14, comprising the step:
    emission of the instantaneous temperature of the body (7 /,) of the brake disc.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. A diagnostic method according to claim 14 or 15, comprising the step:
    estimate of a voltage due to heat, relevant for damage to the brake disc, in the brake disc on the basis of a heat transmission between the friction surface of the brake disc and the body of the brake disc and a heat transfer between the friction surface of the brake disc and the surroundings of the brake.
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    17. The diagnostic method according to claim 16, comprising the stages:
    estimation of damage to the brake disc from the voltage due to the heat relevant to the damage to the brake disc and emission of a signal when the instantaneous damage reaches a limit value determined in advance.
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    18. The diagnostic method according to claim 17, comprising the stages:
    memorization of the instantaneous tension due to heat or of the damage to the brake disc at each braking operation;
    accumulation of the memorized damage to the brake disc 5 at each braking operation in cumulative damage;
    emission of a signal when the accumulated damage reaches a limit value determined in advance.
    10
    [19" id="c-fr-0019]
    19. The diagnostic method according to claim 18, comprising the step:
    issue of cumulative damage
    [20" id="c-fr-0020]
    20. A diagnostic method according to claim 12 or 15 13, comprising the additional stages according to one of claims 14 to 19.
    1/2
    [21" id="c-fr-0021]
    2 1
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3055121B1|2021-05-14|
    DE102016115275A1|2018-02-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ITTO20070040A1|2007-01-23|2008-07-24|Faiveley Transport Italia Spa|PROCEDURE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE BRAKING ELEMENTS OF A VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE.|
    DE102014116803A1|2014-11-17|2016-05-19|Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH|Brake device and method for uniform braking|DE102020100274A1|2020-01-09|2021-07-15|Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH|Method for error detection in a brake system of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle brake system|
    AT523157B1|2020-01-30|2021-06-15|Siemens Mobility Austria Gmbh|Method for the determination of friction conditions for a brake|
    EP3960557A1|2020-09-01|2022-03-02|KNORR-BREMSE Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH|Wear estimator device and wear estimator method for a brake pad|
    法律状态:
    2018-08-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-08-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-07-03| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20200703 |
    2020-08-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-08-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016115275.7|2016-08-17|
    DE102016115275.7A|DE102016115275A1|2016-08-17|2016-08-17|Brake diagnostic device of a braking device of a vehicle and diagnostic method therefor|
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