• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for the temporal determination of a maximum allowable water intake volume of a groundwater source, said volume of water being taken at a sampling point and the hydrogeological state of the source of groundwater being qualified by piezometric measurements on a reference piezometer, said method being characterized in that it comprises in particular a continuous measurement by a first piezometric level level sensor on the sampling point, said sensor having a first history of available data over a predetermined period of time; and another continuous measurement by a second piezometric dimension level sensor on the reference piezometer, said second sensor having a second available data history over the predetermined predetermined time; said method further comprising the following steps implemented by a computing machine.
    公开号:FR3054689A1
    申请号:FR1662916
    申请日:2016-12-20
    公开日:2018-02-02
    发明作者:Sebastien Kech；Vincent Martin；Magali DECHESNE；Pierre MANDEL
    申请人:Veolia Environmental SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical field [02] Nowadays, orders limiting the use of water reflect recurrent stresses on groundwater resources, especially on groundwater, during low water periods. These tensions are exacerbated by the seasonality of water needs related to agricultural irrigation or the tourist influx for drinking water supply. For a water production system, these voltages can generate additional operating costs related to water purchases, pumping costs or treatment costs. The climate change context could amplify these tensions in the medium term.
    [03] The volume of water withdrawable from a groundwater resource is often difficult to estimate due to the complexity of hydrosystems, the groundwater resource being, for example, an aquifer contained in an aquifer.
    STATE OF THE ART [04] Numerous methods for determining a withdrawable volume exist on the scale of a groundwater resource. But the difficulty consists in evaluating the volume of water actually available on a structure for withdrawing the groundwater source, that is to say at the level of a water production system consisting of a collection of groundwater (sampling point) or a collection of catchments (sampling points) forming a catchment field. The estimation of this withdrawable volume depends on the characteristics of the catchment itself and the local hydrodynamic characteristics of the groundwater source.
    [05] The estimation of a withdrawable volume on the scale of a water production system mobilizing one or more groundwater abstractions depends both on the volume of water withdrawn from the groundwater resource and of the configuration of the catchments themselves. In theory, only a 2D or 3D spatial model would allow this kind of simulations and simulate a series of prospective piezometric data at a given point in the groundwater source. This type of tool is complex to implement, but there are also simplified graphical, statistical and / or analytical methods for estimating a withdrawable volume for a given borehole.
    [06] Currently used methods distinguish several terms to define the limits of a resource or a production system: hydrogeological limit, potential limit, resource / system limit, and "Deployable Output".
    [07] It should be noted that the "Deployable Output" corresponds to the volume of raw water that can be distributed after treatment, from one or more resources, taking into account, for a determined water demand:
    - hydrogeological limits,
    - physical and operational constraints (due to the physical capacities of the pumping, transport and treatment infrastructures, to the hydraulic constraints in terms of water height to be respected or minimum / maximum pressure),
    - water quality constraints (periods associated with a degradation of the water quality, or target level not to be drowned for aquifers, etc.),
    - regulatory constraints (direct debit authorizations).
    It should also be noted that each of these parameters can constitute a limiting factor for the “Deployable Output”. Once the "Deployable Output" has been determined, water losses and exports are subtracted and imports added, in order to obtain the volumes available for distribution. However, this approach is not satisfactory because it only provides a unique and very conservative value of the maximum withdrawable volume.
    [08] Other methods are based on an estimate of the long-term exploitable limit of a borehole. For example, for a captive aquifer, analytical methods are used to calculate a theoretical safe operating limit. This limit generally represents the flow that can be maintained for a long time, without crossing the available drawdown. It should be noted that the available drawdown corresponds to the difference between the water level in the absence of pumping and the roof rating of the captive aquifer. This limit is then considered as an indicator rather than a reliable limit value.
    [09] However, the methods currently used and dedicated to estimating the maximum volume that can be withdrawn from groundwater withdrawal points over a long period of time provide very safe estimates, since the catchments are generally not operated continuously and the aquifers recharge in parallel. The application of these methods over such long durations, for example twenty years, is unrealistic, since the conditions of applicability over such durations are no longer satisfied. In addition, these methods assume a sampling at constant flow throughout this long period, which is also unrealistic. In other words, the methods currently used do not meet the objectives sought, because they provide a unique value of maximum withdrawable volume, not updated according to the hydrogeological situation.
    [10] There is therefore a real need to provide a method which overcomes these defects, drawbacks and obstacles of the prior art. In particular, there is a need to provide a method making it possible to meet all of the expectations, in particular:
    - the assessment of a realistic and not simply safe volume of groundwater that can be withdrawn;
    - the evaluation of a volume of groundwater withdrawable variable over time according to the different constraints;
    - a simple use, applicable to a large number of catchments.
    Description of the invention [11] To resolve one or more of the drawbacks mentioned above, the subject of the invention is a method for the temporal determination of a maximum admissible volume of withdrawable water from a groundwater source, said volume of water being sampled at a sampling point and the hydrogeological state of the groundwater source being qualified by measurements of piezometric measurements on a reference piezometer, said method being characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    a) continuous measurement by a first piezometric odds level sensor at the sampling point, said sensor having a first data history available over a predetermined predetermined period;
    b) continuous measurement by a second piezometric odds level sensor on the reference piezometer, said second sensor having a second data history available over the predetermined length of time;
    said method further comprising the following steps implemented by a calculation machine:
    c) processing the data from the first level sensor to create a chronicle of pseudo-static piezometric odds and a chronicle of dynamic piezometric odds over the predetermined duration completed;
    d) determination of a chronology of drawdowns at the sampling point over said predetermined duration, a drawdown being defined as the difference, at a given time, between the pseudo-static piezometric rating and the dynamic piezometric rating;
    e) determination of apparent transmissivity values at the sampling point, making it possible to best reproduce the chronicle of drawdowns determined over said predetermined duration, using the Cooper-Jacob analytical relationship in order to associate an apparent transmissivity value with different classes pseudo-static piezometric dimensions, the association constituting a first relationship;
    f) determination of a critical level of operation at said sampling point;
    g) selection of a reference piezometer having measurements of piezometric odds over said predetermined over time;
    h) calculation of time averages of said pseudo-static piezometric dimensions and of piezometric dimensions measured on the reference piezometer over said predetermined duration;
    i) determination of a second relationship between said time averages of said pseudo-static piezometric scores and the time averages of said piezometric scores measured on the reference piezometer over said predetermined duration;
    j) determination of a maximum admissible drawdown for each pseudo-static piezometric dimension value, a maximum admissible drawdown being defined as the difference between a pseudo-static piezometric dimension and said critical operating level;
    k) determination of the maximum admissible withdrawable volume from said groundwater source withdrawn from said withdrawal point using the Cooper-Jacob relation and said first and second relations.
    [12] The water resource can be a raw groundwater resource, such as springs, aquifers, karsts, exploited by one or more abstractions. Preferably, the water resource is a sheet of water whose withdrawable water volume is determined by the piezometric level. It should be noted that this water resource can be linked to one or more water production entities such as treatment plants.
    [13] For the purposes of the present invention, the term critical operating level means the level below which the abstraction of water impairs the good regeneration of the resource in water and / or alters the abstraction equipment.
    [14] Advantageously, the time averages are monthly averages.
    [15] The subject of the invention is also a computer program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of each of the steps of the method described above when said program is executed on a computing machine.
    [16] The subject of the invention is also a system comprising means adapted to the implementation of each of the steps of the method described above.
    [17] The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, made only by way of example and provided for information only and in no way limiting.
    Detailed description [18] According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for the temporal determination of a maximum admissible volume of withdrawable water is applied to a tablecloth. The volume of water is then withdrawn at a withdrawal point which can, for example, be equipped with any collection device used and known in the state of the art. The hydrogeological state of the aquifer is then qualified by piezometric measurements on a reference piezometer.
    [19] Since the water resource is a water table, the volume of withdrawable water it contains is then determined by piezometric level. In this configuration, the piezometric level determination process makes it possible to indirectly take into account the hydrogeological situation of the aquifer, and the natural and anthropogenic phenomena having an effect on the quantitative state of the aquifer. This method is simple, robust and applicable to continuous aquifers, that is to say non-karstic and unfractured, and for multiple configurations of catchment devices such as boreholes, wells with drains, and well fields, for example , with the exception of source catchments.
    [20] It should be noted that the quantitative management of the water contained in the water table and the definition of volumes that can be taken from within this water table requires the prior definition of the spatial limits of the set considered. These limits are defined according to local geological and hydrogeological characteristics.
    [21] For example, we generally have geological and hydrogeological data for regional piezometry, transmissivity or even the storage coefficient, and operational data (for example water level measurements and a water level benchmark used, volumes withdrawn, nominal flow rates of one or more of the pumps).
    [22] The definition of withdrawable volumes from the aquifer also requires having a good knowledge of its hydrogeological state, a precise hydraulic balance of all the water inputs and outputs of the system (natural or anthropogenic), and d '' assess its intrinsic storage capacity.
    [23] For example, we have as general characteristics of the catchment of exploitation, geological sections which are schematic representations of the succession of geological formations on a vertical profile, with indication of the associated dimensions, or technical sections which are schematic representations of the characteristics and dimensions of the equipment of an underground structure, for example, on a vertical profile. Mention may be made, for example, of bare holes, the characteristics of the pre-casing and of the casing, filter block, cementing, head protection.
    [24] The quantitative management of an aquifer therefore requires knowledge of its condition, its recharge, the withdrawals and needs.
    [25] Other operational data such as the number of daily pumping hours and the average daily instantaneous flow rate can optionally also be taken into account.
    [26] The method according to the invention comprises a step a) consisting in continuously measuring, by a first level sensor the piezometric dimensions at the sampling point, said sensor having a first history of data available over a predetermined duration gone. It is necessary to have piezometric dimension values of the aquifer extending over a predetermined period, which can for example be at least two years. This first sensor can operate with other sensors in order to subsequently enable pseudo-static dimensions to be put forward, defining the state of the sheet without the influence of the sampling at the sampling point, as well as dynamic dimensions defining the condition of the water table in the pumping phase at the sampling point. These dimensions are input values necessary for the implementation of the method according to the invention.
    [27] The method also comprises a step b), carried out after step a), consisting in continuously measuring by a second level sensor piezometric dimensions on the reference piezometer, said second sensor having a second history of data available over the predetermined duration. This step will make it possible to subsequently select the appropriate reference piezometer associated with the aquifer from which the volume of water is taken. In other words, this step makes it possible to link the behavior of the water table at the sampling point with the behavior of the water table at the reference piezometer. This connection is possible, as will be seen in the following description, by comparing the time averages of the pseudo-static piezometric dimensions at the sampling point and the time averages of the piezometric dimensions with the reference piezometer over the same predetermined duration.
    [28] After step b), the method comprises a step c) implemented by a calculation machine and consisting in processing data from the first level sensor to create a chronicle of pseudo-static piezometric ratings and a chronicle of dynamic piezometric measurements over the predetermined duration.
    [29] To do this, daily logging data can be collected over a period of at least two years. This operating data can, for example, provide information on:
    - the pseudo-static rating (maximum daily depth value, in m) of the groundwater studied;
    - dynamic rating (minimum daily rating value, in m);
    - the daily pumping time (in h);
    - the average daily instantaneous flow (in m 3 / h);
    - the daily volume withdrawn (in m 3 / d).
    [30] Next, step d) is carried out and consists in determining a chronology of drawdowns at the sampling point over said predetermined duration, a drawdown being defined as the difference, at a given instant, between said pseudostatic piezometric score and said dynamic piezometric dimension.
    [31] After step d), step e) is applied and consists in determining the apparent transmissivity values at the sampling point, making it possible to reproduce as best as possible the chronicle of drawdowns over said predetermined duration, by using the analytical relationship. from Cooper3054689
    Jacob in order to associate an apparent transmissivity value with different classes of pseudo-static piezometric dimensions, the association constituting a first relationship.
    [32] This first relation can be determined by the following Cooper-Jacob analytical relation: s (r, t) = 2 '^ Q logÇ 2 ^^. This is commonly used in quantitative hydrogeology. It notably makes it possible to provide an estimate of the maximum volume of groundwater withdrawable as a function of the drawdown, itself dependent on the static piezometric level of the aquifer.
    [33] In particular, this Cooper-Jacob relation is used in order to calculate a theoretical drawdown s (r, t), by fixing the parameters necessary for the application of this relation, that is to say the transmissivity ( T), the storage coefficient (S), the radial distance to the sampling point (r), the duration of the daily sampling (t), and the average daily instantaneous flow (Q).
    [34] We can then represent pairs of drawdown points / pseudo-static daily piezometric dimension on a graph for values close to average daily flow. The graph makes it possible to visually segment the observed drawdown values according to several classes of pseudo-static daily piezometric dimensions. For each class, the values of apparent transmissivity can be adjusted so that the value of the indicator of deviation (commonly referred to as RMSE) between observed drawdown and simulated drawdown with the Cooper-Jacob relationship is minimum.
    [35] In a following step f), a critical level of operation is determined at said sampling point. It should be noted that the critical level of exploitation of a catchment such as a well or a borehole can be conditioned by:
    - the upper altimeter dimension of the screened part of the casing;
    - the local exploitation limit limit of the aquifer, which can be:
    o a rating to maintain the aquifer captivity, o a non-invasion rating of salted bevel, o a non-dewatering rating of a productive area, o a regulatory rating (objective piezometry, alert threshold ... ),
    - the rating of the suction strainer of the pump or the safety rating triggering the stopping of the pump.
    [36] The highest piezometric rating, therefore the most unfavorable, since it will minimize the maximum allowable drawdown and therefore the withdrawable volume, will be used as the critical level of operation of the structure, noted z NC . Determining the critical level therefore requires having the technical section and the geological section of the structure, and the possible existence of regulatory ratings for the management of the aquifer. It should be noted that in the case of a catchment field, the most unfavorable critical level will be retained and applied to a conceptual catchment which will represent the catchment field by a single sampling point. It should be noted that the critical level of operation can be set previously and represent an alert threshold.
    [37] Next, we proceed to a step g) of selecting the reference piezometer. It should be noted that the selection of the reference piezometer, which is generally a regional reference piezometer, requires a list of all the piezometers capturing the groundwater mass of the groundwater studied. These piezometers can be easily identified by consulting databases, and by searching for water level monitoring stations by body of water. Among these piezometers, only those which are in activity and which have a sufficient history over a predetermined duration completed (ideally more than 10 years) will be considered. This history is known following the measurements acquired by the second sensor.
    [38] Then, in a step h), time averages of said pseudo-static piezometric dimensions and piezometric dimensions measured on the reference piezometers listed over said predetermined duration are calculated.
    [39] Preferably, the time averages can be monthly averages. The reference piezometer is used as follows: minimization of the RMSE between monthly average of the pseudo-static piezometric score at collection and the translation of the monthly average of the static piezometric score measured by the piezometer over the duration of common observation.
    [40] This translation (denoted h s .) Is obtained by adding to each pc value of the static monthly chronicle (h Sp ) of the piezometer the relative difference between the mean of the pseudo-static monthly odds at collection (h Sc ) and the average of the monthly static piezometer ratings (h s ) as shown below:
    = h Sp (t) + (hT c ~ h ^) [41] In the case of several piezometers with a close RMSE, the one with the longest history will be ideally chosen.
    [42] Then, in another step i), a second relationship is determined between said time averages of said pseudo-static piezometric dimensions and said piezometric dimensions measured on the reference piezometer over said predetermined duration. This
    0 step then allows, in the case of prospective scenarios on the hydrogeological state of the aquifer, to determine a temporal average of the pseudo-static piezometric dimension at collection from a temporal average of the piezometric dimension to the reference piezometer in using said second relationship.
    5 [43] The second relationship, most often linear, or made up of several linear segments, will be retained and will make it possible to express the theoretical average monthly pseudo-static piezometric score at collection as a function of the average monthly piezometric score at the reference piezometer . This empirical relationship can be obtained by using one or more linear regressions on a scatter plot plot, or other correlation functions.
    [44] After that, a step j) is carried out and consists in determining the maximum admissible drawdown for each pseudo-static piezometric dimension value, a maximum admissible drawdown being defined as the difference between a pseudostatic piezometric dimension and said critical level d 'exploitation. It should be noted that the maximum admissible drawdown is considered to be the difference between the pseudo-static piezometric rating and the critical level of operation, that is to say the alert threshold. A higher maximum allowable drawdown will allow a larger withdrawable volume. The maximum admissible drawdown, s max , variable over time t, is defined as the difference between the pseudo-static piezometric level h ps and the critical operating level, denoted z NC .
    Smax (t) - hp S (t) - Z nc [45] The maximum allowable drawdown indirectly takes into account the withdrawals and natural recharge and discharge phenomena of the aquifer. These influence the pseudo-static level.
    [46] Then finally, a step k) is carried out and consists in determining the
    0 maximum allowable withdrawable volume from said groundwater source at said withdrawal point using the Cooper-Jacob relationship and said first and second relationships.
    [47] The maximum extractable volume V max is calculated, at each time step of the simulation, using the Cooper-Jacob (1946) relation and
    5 the relation T = f (h ps ) obtained during the previous step. It depends on the maximum admissible drawdown s max,:
    Vmax - Qmax-t-exp
    4-nT (h ps ) s r
    2.303 log t-exp
    2.25T (h ps ) t exp r 2 S t exp being the maximum operating time.
    [48] In calculating the maximum withdrawable volume, the value of t exp is fixed by default at 20 hours / day. In the case of a catchment field, the maximum volume that can be withdrawn will be the volume that can be withdrawn by all of the catchments it contains.
    [49] Thus, this process indirectly takes into account the hydrogeological situation, the recharge / discharge effects of the aquifer and natural phenomena, which influence the pseudo-static ratings measured at the capture. It also indirectly takes into account the effects of global withdrawals on the aquifer and anthropogenic activities, which influence the pseudo-static ratings measured at the catchment.
    [50] Thus, according to this preferred method according to the invention, it is possible to make forecasts of future availability of the water resource, in particular of the aquifer, based on:
    • the day-to-day known water trends, • integration as a climate change variable in the medium and long-term scenarios.
    [51] The quantitative monitoring of groundwater is monitored, according to the preferred mode of the invention, by monitoring variations in the piezometric level of the aquifers. However, this quantitative monitoring can also be monitored by measuring the rate of emergence (sources) according to the nature of the catchment.
    [52] It should be noted that this method makes it possible to calculate a theoretical maximum withdrawable volume on the basis of a pseudo-static piezometric dimension and a critical level of exploitation on a catchment. This theoretical maximum withdrawable volume is not necessarily attainable under operating conditions.
    Computer program [53] It should be noted that a computer program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of each of the steps of the process described above can be developed. Thus, a computing machine is able to execute this computer program in order to gain efficiency and speed.
    System [54] Furthermore, a system comprising means adapted to the implementation of each of the aforementioned steps can be implemented.
    [55] The invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the preceding description. This should be considered as illustrative and given by way of example and not as limiting the invention to this description only. Many variant embodiments are possible.
    [56] In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements and the indefinite article "one / one" does not exclude a plurality.
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Method for the temporal determination of a maximum admissible volume of withdrawable water from a groundwater source, said volume of water being withdrawn at a withdrawal point and the hydrogeological state of the groundwater source being qualified by piezometric dimension measurements on a reference piezometer, said method being characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    a) continuous measurement by a first piezometric odds level sensor at the sampling point, said sensor having a first data history available over a predetermined predetermined period;
    b) continuous measurement by a second piezometric odds level sensor on the reference piezometer, said second sensor having a second data history available over the predetermined length of time;
    said method further comprising the following steps implemented by a calculation machine:
    c) processing the data from the first level sensor to create a chronicle of pseudo-static piezometric odds and a chronicle of dynamic piezometric odds over the predetermined duration completed;
    d) determination of a chronology of drawdowns at the sampling point over said predetermined duration, a drawdown being defined as the difference, at a given time, between the pseudo-static piezometric rating and the dynamic piezometric rating;
    e) determination of apparent transmissivity values at the sampling point, making it possible to best reproduce the chronicle of drawdowns determined over said predetermined duration, using the Cooper-Jacob analytical relationship in order to associate an apparent transmissivity value with different classes said pseudo-static piezometric dimensions, the association constituting a first relationship;
    f) determination of a critical level of operation at said sampling point;
    g) selection of a reference piezometer having measurements of piezometric odds over said predetermined over time;
    h) calculation of time averages of said pseudo-static piezometric dimensions and of piezometric dimensions measured on the reference piezometer over said predetermined duration;
    i) determination of a second relationship between said time averages of said pseudo-static piezometric dimensions and the time averages of said piezometric dimensions measured on the reference piezometer over said predetermined duration;
    j) determination of a maximum admissible drawdown for each pseudo-static piezometric dimension value, a maximum admissible drawdown being defined as the difference between a pseudo-static piezometric dimension and said critical operating level;
    k) determination of the maximum admissible withdrawable volume from said groundwater source withdrawn from said withdrawal point using the Cooper-Jacob relation and said first and second relations.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said time averages are monthly averages.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Computer program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of each of the steps of the method according to claims 1 or 2 when said program is executed on a computing machine.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. System comprising means adapted to the implementation of each of the steps of the method according to claims 1 or 2.
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    2018-02-02| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180202 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1657370A|FR3054705B1|2016-07-29|2016-07-29|TOOL FOR MANAGING MULTIPLE WATER RESOURCES|
    FR1657370|2016-07-29|PCT/FR2017/052124| WO2018020181A1|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|Method for determining a maximum allowable volume of water that can be removed over time from an underground water source|
    MX2019000748A| MX2019000748A|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|Method for determining a maximum allowable volume of water that can be removed over time from an underground water source.|
    AU2017304740A| AU2017304740A1|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|Method for determining a maximum allowable volume of water that can be removed over time from an underground water source|
    JP2019526379A| JP6900480B2|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|How to determine the maximum permissible amount of water that can be pumped from a groundwater source over time|
    PT177544202T| PT3455452T|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|Method for determining a maximum allowable volume of water that can be removed over time from an underground water source|
    ES17754420T| ES2780399T3|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|Procedure for temporary determination of a maximum allowable extractable water volume from a groundwater source|
    EP17754420.2A| EP3455452B1|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|Method for determining a maximum allowable volume of water that can be removed over time from an underground water source|
    US16/318,704| US11060899B2|2016-07-29|2017-07-27|Method for determining a maximum allowable volume of water that can be removed over time from an underground water source|
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