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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a device and a method for storing and recovering heat which comprises at least two concentric volumes (TES1, TES2, TES3) for storing heat. The walls (2) delimiting these storage volumes are configured such that the thickness of the wall delimiting the central storage volume is greater than the thickness of the wall delimiting the peripheral storage volume.
    公开号:FR3051549A1
    申请号:FR1654395
    申请日:2016-05-18
    公开日:2017-11-24
    发明作者:Florence Richard；David Teixeira；Fabrice Deleau
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Pour l’installation sur site, les différents cylindres en acier peuvent être partitionnés en différents éléments transportables par camion, puis acheminés sur le site pour être assemblés et soudés. Pour le TES 4 soumis à la plus forte pression et d’épaisseur conséquente, une attention particulière aux soudures devra être apportée. Au fur et à mesure de l’assemblage, le matériau de stockage pourra être ajouté, et des barres de maintien peuvent être installées.
    Selon un deuxième exemple, afin de montrer l’intérêt du système selon l’invention, notamment en terme d’épaisseur d’acier utilisée, on compare un dispositif de stockage de la chaleur selon l’invention INV avec quatre volumes de stockage de la chaleur concentriques, avec un dispositif de stockage de la chaleur selon l’art antérieur AA formé de quatre colonnes de stockage de chaleur distinctes. Ces deux dispositifs sont soumis aux mêmes sollicitations (températures, pressions de fluide). Le tableau 2 et la figure 5 illustrent les différences entre le dispositif selon l’invention INV et selon l’art antérieur AA. La figure 5 illustre l’épaisseur e (en mm) de la paroi d’acier pour chaque volume de stockage de la chaleur TES1, TES2, TES3, TES4 (TES1 étant le volume périphérique et TES4 étant le volume central).
    Tableau 2 - exemple comparatif
    On remarque que le dispositif selon l’invention permet de réduire fortement la différence de pression vue par les parois en acier. De plus, on remarque que l’invention permet de limiter les épaisseurs des parois en acier, ce qui permet de limiter la masse et le coût du dispositif de stockage de la chaleur.
    The present invention relates to the field of heat storage and return, in particular for the storage of heat in a system or method of AA-CAES ("Advanced Adiabatic - Compressed Air Energy Storage") type. .
    In a compressed air energy storage system (CAES), energy, which is to be used at another time, is stored as compressed air. For storage, energy, especially electrical, drives air compressors, and for destocking, the compressed air drives turbines, which can be connected to an electric generator. The efficiency of this solution is not optimal because part of the energy of the compressed air is in the form of heat which is not used. In fact, in the CAES processes, only the mechanical energy of the air is used, that is to say that all the heat produced during the compression is rejected. For example, compressed air at 8 MPa (80 bar) heats during compression to about 150 ° C, but is cooled prior to storage. In addition, the efficiency of a CAES system is not optimal, because then the system requires heating the stored air to achieve the expansion of the air. Indeed, if the air is stored at 8 MPa (80 bar) and at room temperature and if it is desired to recover the energy by a relaxation, the decompression of the air again follows an isentropic curve, but this time from the initial storage conditions (about 8 MPa and 300 K is about 27 ° C). The air is cooled to unrealistic temperatures (83 K or -191 ° C). It is therefore necessary to heat it, which can be done using a gas burner, or other fuel.
    Several variants currently exist for this system. Systems and methods include: • Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) in which air is stored at high temperature due to compression. However, this type of system requires means of storage specific compressed gas, bulky and expensive (adiabatic storage). • AACAES (Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) in which air is stored at room temperature, and the heat due to compression is also stored separately in a TES heat storage system. "Thermal Energy Storage"). The heat stored in the TES is used to heat the air before it is released. According to some contemplated designs, heat is stored in the storage system by means of solid particles.
    Moreover, such heat exchange systems are used in other fields: the storage of solar energy, marine energy, in metallurgical processes, etc.
    One of the design criteria for heat exchange, storage and return devices is their resistance to high pressure and high temperature fluids that exchange heat. This resistance to high pressures and high temperatures is generally achieved through significant thicknesses of the structural elements of these heat exchange and storage systems, which implies a high mass and high cost.
    In addition, when it is necessary to store heat from fluids at different temperatures and / or pressures, it is necessary to have at least two TES heat storage systems, which makes the system bulky (surface important ground necessary).
    In order to overcome these disadvantages, US patent application 2011/0127004 A1 proposes several solutions for designing a heat storage system. One of the solutions envisaged consists in producing a heat storage system with two concentric volumes of heat storage. This design is not optimal in terms of the thickness of the walls delimiting the volumes, in fact the outer wall is subjected to a high pressure difference, which makes it mandatory to use a thick outer wall. In addition, the adaptation of this solution to high pressures above 100 bar also requires increasing the thickness of the walls, which implies a high mass and a significant cost.
    The present invention relates to a device for storing and recovering heat which comprises at least two concentric volumes of heat storage. The walls delimiting these storage volumes are configured in such a way that the thickness of the wall delimiting the central storage volume is greater than the thickness of the wall delimiting the peripheral storage volume. Thus, it is possible to store the heat from a fluid at high pressure in the central volume, and the heat from a lower pressure fluid in the peripheral volume. In this way, the pressure difference to which each wall is subjected is reduced. This design also allows use of the device at high pressures, while optimizing the mass and cost of the storage device and the return of heat.
    The invention relates to a device for storing and recovering heat comprising at least two heat storage volumes defined by concentric walls, said heat storage volumes comprising a heat storage material and a heat recovery device comprising at least two heat storage volumes delimited by concentric walls, said heat storage volumes comprising a heat storage material. heat storage. The thicknesses of said consecutive walls delimiting said heat storage volumes are decreasing from said wall delimiting said central volume for storing heat towards said wall delimiting said peripheral volume for storing heat.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, said device for storing and recovering heat comprises at least three concentric volumes of heat storage.
    Advantageously, said walls are made of metal, in particular steel.
    According to an implementation, said walls are formed by assembling at least one monolayer or multilayer sheet wound, in particular by welding assembly.
    Advantageously, said walls are reinforced by at least one circumferential ring.
    According to a variant, said wall delimiting the heat storage volume located at the periphery of said storage and heat recovery device is covered with an insulating material.
    According to one embodiment, said heat storage material is formed by concrete balls.
    According to one characteristic, said storage and heat recovery device comprises at least one bar and / or a reinforcing plate disposed between said walls (2).
    According to an embodiment option, each volume of heat storage is formed by a plurality of associated modules in series and / or in parallel.
    In addition, the invention relates to a method for storing and recovering heat by means of a storage and heat recovery device according to one of the preceding features, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) circulates a fluid at a first pressure P1 in a first heat storage volume of said heat storage and retrieval device; and b) circulating said fluid at a second pressure P2 in a second heat storage volume of said storage and heat recovery device, said second pressure P2 being greater than said first pressure P1 and said second storage volume heat being located within said first heat storage volume.
    According to one embodiment, step b) is repeated so as to circulate said fluid consecutively in each storage volume of the heat of said storage and heat recovery device.
    In addition, the invention relates to a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas comprising at least two compression means of said gas, at least one compressed gas storage means, at least two expansion means of said compressed gas for generate energy. Said system for storing and recovering energy comprises a device for storing and recovering heat according to one of the preceding characteristics, a first heat storage volume of said storage and heat recovery device being suitable for cooling the compressed gas between said gas compression means and / or able to heat the gas between said gas expansion means, and a second heat storage volume of said storage and heat recovery device, inside said first heat storage volume, being able to cool the compressed gas between a gas compression means and said compressed gas storage means and / or able to heat the compressed gas between said compressed gas storage means and a first means relaxing the gas.
    Advantageously, said compressed gas energy storage and energy recovery system comprises at least three gas compression means and at least three gas expansion means, and said heat storage and recovery device comprises at least three volumes. heat storage. The invention also relates to a method for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas. The method comprises the following steps by means of a storage and energy recovery system according to one of the preceding features: a) compressing a gas; b) said compressed gas is cooled in a first heat storage volume of said storage and heat recovery device; c) said cooled gas is compressed; d) cooling said compressed gas in a second heat storage volume of said heat storage and retrieval device, said second heat storage volume being located within said first heat storage volume; e) storing said cooled gas; f) heating said gas stored in said second heat storage volume; g) said heated gas is expanded to generate energy; h) heating said expanded gas in said first heat storage volume; and i) said heated gas is expanded.
    According to one implementation, steps c) and d) and / or h) and i) are repeated for each gas compression means and / or for each gas expansion means.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages of the device and method according to the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
    Figures 1a and 1b illustrate in sectional view a storage device and heat recovery according to one embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 2 illustrates a wall reinforced by circumferential rings according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 3 schematically illustrates a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 4 schematically illustrates a compressed gas storage and energy recovery system according to another embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a comparison between the diameters of the walls of a storage and heat recovery device according to the invention and according to the prior art.
    Detailed Description of the Invention
    The present invention relates to a device for storing and returning heat, hereinafter referred to as the "heat storage device". The purpose of the heat storage device is to store heat from a hot fluid, and to return the heat to a cold fluid. The device for storing and recovering heat according to the invention comprises at least two heat storage volumes delimited by concentric walls. Thus, the heat storage device comprises at least one substantially cylindrical storage volume, also called central volume, and at least one annular storage volume disposed around the cylindrical storage volume. A first wall is disposed around the cylindrical volume of heat storage, and thus delimits the central volume of heat storage. A second wall is disposed around the annular volume. The annular volume is therefore delimited by the first and second walls. The heat storage peripheral volume is the storage volume of the heat delimited by the outermost wall. In other words, the peripheral volume is the storage volume of the outermost heat, and is not surrounded by any other heat storage volume (unlike other storage volumes that are surrounded by at least one other storage volume). The walls preferably have a substantially cylindrical shape, and are preferably vertical.
    Each storage volume of the heat comprises a heat storage material. A heat storage material is a material capable of exchanging heat with a fluid. It is able to cool a hot fluid, storing heat, and able to heat a cold fluid by returning heat. The heat storage material may be of any type, for example on the form of unitary elements, especially in the form of beads. The beads may have a diameter of between 1 and 50 mm. The material may be a phase change material (PCM), or concrete, or any similar material. According to an exemplary embodiment adapted to the use of the heat storage device for an AACAES type system, the heat storage material may comprise concrete balls greater than 10 mm in diameter. This storage material has the advantage that, during temperature changes, the diameter variations of the various components do not pose a problem.
    According to the invention, the thicknesses of the consecutive walls delimiting said heat storage volumes are decreasing (not strictly, that is to say decreasing or equal) of the wall delimiting the central volume for storing heat towards the wall the peripheral volume of heat storage. In other words, the wall delimiting the central volume has a thickness e1, which is greater than or equal to a thickness e2 of the wall delimiting a first annular volume surrounding the central volume, which itself is greater than or equal to thickness e3 of the wall delimiting a second annular volume surrounding the first annular volume, and so on. If the heat storage device has N heat storage volumes separated by N walls of respective thicknesses ei (i ranging from 1 to N, 1 corresponding to the wall of the central volume and N to the wall of the peripheral volume), one can write the following inequality: eN <eN - 1 <<e3<e2<el, with at least one of the inequalities that is a strict inequality. With this design, the central heat storage volume is adapted to receive a fluid having a higher pressure than the annular heat storage volumes, and the peripheral storage volume is adapted to receive a fluid at a lower pressure than the other volumes. heat storage. Thus, this configuration makes it possible to limit the pressure difference at the level of each wall. Indeed, as the wall of the central volume of heat storage (intended to receive the highest pressures) is subjected to a small difference in pressure, this central wall does not need to be as thick as when the difference pressure is high.
    The different embodiments described below can be combined to combine their effects.
    Preferably, the heat storage device comprises at least three concentric heat storage volumes (thus at least three walls). Preferably, the heat storage device comprises three or four volumes of heat storage (thus three or four walls). This configuration is particularly suitable for AACAES type systems which generally comprise three or four stages of compression. Indeed, this allows for less pressure variations between two consecutive TES, which greatly reduces the thickness of the walls. In addition, this configuration is particularly suitable for high pressures, limiting the mass and cost of the heat storage device.
    The walls of the heat storage device are intended to take up the weight of the heat storage material and the pressure difference. In addition, for some applications of the heat storage device, the walls can be subjected to temperatures of the order of 300 ° C.
    According to a design of the invention, the walls may be made of metal, in particular steel, in order to satisfy these criteria. Alternatively, other materials may be considered.
    The metal walls can be obtained by assembling, for example by welding, a rolled sheet. The wall may be monolayer (of a single thickness). Alternatively, the wall may be made by assembling, for example by welding, rolled sheets in multilayers. This multilayer embodiment makes it possible to have thicknesses of unitary sheet of smaller thickness than a single-layer sheet, which makes it possible to facilitate the shaping work. A variant of this multilayer embodiment can be implemented by assembling the upper layers with a pre-tension in order to produce a multilayer wall with hooping on the outer layers, which makes it possible to optimize the quantity of material necessary for producing the walls. .
    According to one embodiment, the wall may be reinforced, for example by at least one circumferential ring, which makes it possible to produce a wall of smaller thickness and to easily add reinforcements to withstand the stresses due to the pressure of the fluids. The circumferential ring may preferably be metal, especially steel. The wall may be reinforced by a number of circumferential rings of between six and twenty, preferably between ten and fifteen.
    According to one configuration, all the walls can be made in the same way, only their thickness varies. Alternatively, the walls can be of different types (monolayer, multilayer, with or without reinforcement ...).
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the wall delimiting the peripheral volume of heat storage is covered with an insulating material. Thus, it is possible to maintain the temperature inside the heat storage device, which promotes the storage of heat. The insulating layer may be arranged outside and / or inside the wall defining the peripheral storage volume. The insulation layer does not allow to take up the different forces, therefore, the insulation layer is not part of the wall: the thickness of the insulation layer is not to be taken into account in the thickness of the wall of the peripheral volume.
    Because the heat storage volumes are arranged concentrically, it is possible to use less amount of insulation material than prior art systems. In fact, the internal storage volumes (most in the center) are isolated by those of larger diameter, only the wall of the peripheral volume of heat storage must be isolated unlike conventional heat storage devices.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat storage device may comprise at least one reinforcing bar and / or at least one reinforcing plate, this reinforcing plate being pierced. This bar and / or reinforcing plate is disposed between the walls, substantially orthogonal to the walls, so as to maintain the positioning of the walls between them in the annular parts.
    In addition, the heat storage device may comprise at least one grid disposed between the walls, this grid makes it possible to support the weight of the heat storage material.
    According to one embodiment, the heat storage device can be designed in the form of several modules in series, and / or parallel to facilitate its installation and its transportation thus having elements of reduced size and weight. These different elements may be at slightly different pressures, for example ranging from 70 to 120 bar, in order to adapt to the operation of the heat storage device which may not have the same pressure over its entire height. .
    According to one embodiment, an intermediate level can be created to put the central volume in a pressure differential of interest without creating an additional reservoir used as a heat storage volume. This could have a small annular space just enough to apply the pressure. For example, for this embodiment, it is possible to provide a concentric volume without heat storage material.
    Preferably, the heat storage device is constructed such that the temperature gradient in the different volumes is substantially the same.
    Figures 1a and 1b illustrate, schematically and not limited to, a heat storage device according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure la is a half vertical sectional view of a heat storage device. Figure 1b is a horizontal sectional view of the same heat storage device. The heat storage device 1 comprises three heat storage volumes TES1, TES2, TES3. These heat storage volumes TES1, TES2, TES3 are delimited by vertical cylindrical walls 2. In this figure, the thicknesses of the walls 2 are represented identically, however the thickness of the central wall is greater than thickness of the intermediate wall, which itself is greater than the thickness of the peripheral wall. The heat storage volumes TES1, TES2, TES3 comprise a heat storage material 3, for example concrete balls. The heat storage device further comprises an insulating layer 4 covering the outer surface of the peripheral wall 2. In addition, the heat storage device comprises reinforcing bars 5 intended to maintain the walls 2. These reinforcing bars 5 are arranged between the different walls 2.
    The heat storage device of FIGS. 1a and 1b can be modified by changing the number of heat storage volumes (hence the number of walls) which can be, for example, four, by adding or removing reinforcing bars 5, by moving the insulating layer 4 inside the peripheral wall 2, etc.
    FIG. 2 represents, schematically and without limitation, a wall according to one embodiment of the invention. The wall 2 has a cylindrical shape. It can be made of metal, especially steel. The wall 2 comprises a plurality, twelve according to the example of Figure 2, circumferential rings 6 of reinforcement. The circumferential rings 6 may be made of metal, in particular steel.
    In addition, the present invention relates to a method of storing and recovering heat by means of the heat storage device. For this process, a fluid is circulated in each heat storage volume, circulating the fluid having the highest pressure in the central heat storage volume, and the fluid having the lowest pressure in the heat storage volume. peripheral volume of heat storage. The pressure of the fluid decreasing from the center of the heat storage device to the periphery of the heat storage device. In other words, for this process, the following steps can be implemented: a) a fluid is circulated at a first pressure P1 in a first heat storage volume of the storage and heat recovery device; b) the fluid is circulated at a second pressure P2 in a second heat storage volume of the storage and heat recovery device, the second pressure P2 being greater than the first pressure PI and the second storage volume of the heat being located inside the first heat storage volume; and c) optionally, step b) is repeated for each heat storage volume, by circulating a fluid in the heat storage volume located inside the preceding one, the fluid having a pressure greater than the previous pressure.
    These steps a), b) and c) can be carried out successively or simultaneously.
    In addition, the present invention relates to a compressed gas storage and energy recovery system equipped with a heat storage means (for example of the AACAES type). In this implementation, the pressurized gas (often air) is stored cold. The storage and energy recovery system according to the invention comprises: at least two staged gas compression means (or compressor). Each gas compression means may be driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor; - At least one compressed gas storage means (also called tank) by the gas compression means. The compressed gas storage means may be a natural reservoir (for example an underground cavity) or not. The compressed gas storage means may be at the surface or in the subsoil. In addition, it may be formed of a single volume or a plurality of volumes connected to each other or not; - At least two staged gas expansion means (also called expansion valve or turbine), for relaxing the compressed gas and stored. Each means of expansion of the gas makes it possible to generate an energy, in particular an electrical energy by means of a generator; at least one device for storing and restoring the heat, allowing the storage of the heat resulting from the compressed gas during the energy storage phase, and allowing the restitution of the heat stored at the compressed gas during the phase of the restitution of energy, the heat storage and return system is preferably placed at the outlet of the compression means and at the inlet of the expansion means.
    According to the invention, the device for storing and recovering heat is in accordance with any one of the combinations of the previously described embodiments: it comprises at least two concentric heat storage volumes. A first heat storage volume of the storage and heat recovery device being able to cool the compressed gas between the gas compression means and / or able to heat the gas between the gas expansion means, and a second heat storage volume of the heat storage and return device, internal to the first heat storage volume, and being able to cool the compressed gas between a gas compression means and the gas storage means compressed and / or able to heat the compressed gas between said compressed gas storage means and a first gas expansion means.
    This configuration makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the walls of the heat storage device with respect to the prior art by lowering the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the walls delimiting the heat storage volumes. . In addition, this configuration saves space on the ground by concentrating the heat storage device. In addition, by using a heat storage device that allows smaller pressure differences, it is possible to achieve larger diameters, which makes it possible to limit the height of the heat storage device.
    The terms "stepped compression means" (respectively "stepped expansion means") are used when a plurality of compression means (respectively expansion means) are successively mounted one after the other in series: the compressed gas (respectively relaxed ) at the output of the first compression means (respectively relaxation) then passes into a second compression means (respectively relaxation) and so on. A compression or expansion stage is then called a compression or expansion means for the plurality of staged compression or expansion means. Advantageously, when the system comprises a plurality of compression and / or expansion stages, heat exchange (enabled by the heat storage device) is implemented between each compression and / or expansion stage. Thus, the compressed gas is cooled between each compression, which optimizes the efficiency of the next compression, and the expanded gas is heated between each trigger, which optimizes the performance of the next trigger. The number of stages of compression and the number of stages of relaxation can be between two and ten, preferably between three and five. Preferably, the number of compression stages is identical to the number of expansion stages and the number of heat storage volumes of the heat storage device. A preferred configuration of the compressed gas energy storage and recovery system comprises three or four compression stages, as many expansion stages and as many heat storage volumes. This configuration notably allows a good compromise between the energy recovered and the mass and the cost of the heat storage device (reduced wall thicknesses).
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the compression means can be reversible, that is to say that they can operate for both compression and relaxation. Thus, it is possible to limit the number of devices used in the system according to the invention, which allows a gain in weight and volume of the system according to the invention.
    The system according to the invention is suitable for any type of gas, especially for air. In this case, the inlet air used for the compression can be taken from the ambient air, and the exit air after the expansion can be released into the ambient air. In the remainder of the description, only the alternative embodiment with compressed air, and its application AACAES will be described. However, the compressed gas energy storage system and method is valid for any other gas.
    FIG. 3 illustrates a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment of an AACAES system according to the invention. In this figure, the arrows in continuous line illustrate the flow of gas during the compression steps (energy storage), and the dashed arrows illustrate the flow of gas during the relaxation steps (energy restitution). This figure illustrates an AACAES system comprising two compression stages 12, two expansion stages 14 and a storage and heat recovery device 1 comprising two heat storage volumes TES1 and TES2. In this figure (for reasons of simplification), the two heat storage volumes TES1 and TES2 are shown side by side, but the heat storage volume TES2 is arranged within the heat storage volume TES1, moreover, the location of the different elements of the AACEAS system is purely illustrative. The system comprises a storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. The first heat storage volume TES1 is interposed between the two compression stages 12 and between the two expansion stages 14. The second heat storage volume TES2 of the heat storage and retrieval device 1 is interposed between the compression / expansion stage 12 or 14 and the storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. Conventionally, in the energy storage phase (compression), the air is first compressed in a first compressor 12, then cooled in the heat storage volume TES1. The cooled air is then compressed a second time by a second compression stage 12. The compressed gas is cooled a second time in the second heat storage volume TES2. The compressed and cooled gas is stored in the tank 13. The heat storage material of the heat storage system 1 is hot following the cooling of the compressed gas in the compression phase. Upon energy recovery (expansion), the stored compressed gas is first heated in the second heat storage volume TES2. Then, in a conventional manner, the gas passes through an expansion stage 14. The expanded gas is heated a second time in the first heat storage volume TES1. At the outlet of this first heat storage volume TES1, the gas passes through a second expansion stage 14.
    FIG. 4 illustrates a second nonlimiting exemplary embodiment of an AACAES system according to the invention. In this figure, the arrows in continuous line illustrate the flow of gas during the compression steps (energy storage), and the dashed arrows illustrate the flow of gas during the relaxation steps (energy restitution). This figure illustrates an AACAES system comprising three compression stages 12, three expansion stages 14 and a storage and heat recovery device 1 comprising three heat storage volumes TES1, TES2 and TES3. In this figure (for reasons of simplification), the three heat storage volumes TES1, TES2 and TES3 are shown side by side, but the heat storage volume TES3 is arranged within the heat storage volume. TES2, itself arranged within the heat storage volume TES1, moreover, replacing the various elements of the AACAES system is purely illustrative. The system comprises a storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. The first and second heat storage volumes TES1 and TES2 are interposed between two compression stages 12 and between two expansion stages 14. The third heat storage volume TES3 of the storage and heat recovery device 1 is interposed between the compression / expansion stage 12 or 14 and the storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. Conventionally, in the energy storage phase (compression), the air is first compressed in a first compression stage 12, then cooled in the heat storage volume TES1. The cooled air is then compressed a second time by a second compression stage 12. The compressed gas is cooled a second time in the second heat storage volume TES2. The cooled air is then compressed a third time by a third compression stage 12. The compressed gas is cooled a third time in the third heat storage volume TES3. The compressed and cooled gas is stored in the tank 13. The heat storage material of the heat storage system 1 is hot following the cooling of the compressed gas in the compression phase. Upon energy recovery (expansion), the stored compressed gas is first heated in the third heat storage volume TES3. Then, the gas passes through an expansion stage 14. The expanded gas is heated a second time in the second heat storage volume TES2. Then, conventionally, the gas passes through an expansion stage 14. The expanded gas is heated a third time in the first heat storage volume TES1. At the outlet of this first heat storage volume TES1 the gas passes through a third expansion stage 14.
    The compressed gas energy storage and recovery system according to the invention is not limited to the examples of FIG. 3 or 4. Other configurations may be envisaged: a different number of compression stages and / or relaxation, the use of reversible means ensuring compression and relaxation, etc.
    Alternatively, the heat storage and recovery system according to the invention can be used for any type of use requiring the storage of heat, especially for the storage of solar energy, wind, or for any type of industry eg metallurgy, etc.
    The present invention also relates to a method for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas, wherein the following steps are performed: a) a gas is compressed, in particular by means of a compressor; b) the compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange, in a first heat storage volume of the storage and heat recovery device according to the invention; c) the cooled gas is compressed, in particular by means of a second compressor; d) cooling the compressed gas by heat exchange in a second heat storage volume of the storage and heat recovery device, the second volume being located inside the first heat storage volume; e) the compressed compressed gas is stored, in particular by a compressed gas storage means; f) heating the stored compressed gas, by heat exchange, in the second heat storage volume of the storage device and heat recovery according to the invention; g) the heated compressed gas is expanded to generate energy, for example by means of a turbine to generate electrical energy; h) the compressed compressed gas is heated, by heat exchange, in the first heat storage volume of the storage and heat recovery device; and i) the heated compressed gas is expanded to generate energy, for example by means of a turbine to generate electrical energy.
    According to an implementation of the invention, steps c) and d) and / or h) and i) are repeated for each compression and / or expansion stage.
    The method of storage and energy recovery by compressed gas can be achieved with one of the embodiments of the storage device and heat recovery described above, or any combination of the previously described variants. Step a) concerns the compression of a gas, for example air. It may include air taken from the environment.
    Steps b) and d) make it possible to cool the compressed gas after each compression step, which makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the following compression and / or energy storage. The heat storage device makes it possible, during the storage of the compressed gas (compression), to recover a maximum of heat resulting from the compression of the gas leaving the compressors and to reduce the temperature of the gas before the following compression or before storage of the compressed gas. For example, the compressed gas may be passed from a temperature above 150 ° C, for example about 190 ° C to a temperature below 80 ° C, for example about 50 ° C. Step e) can be carried out in a compressed gas storage means, which can be a natural reservoir or not (for example an underground cavity). The compressed gas storage means may be at the surface or in the subsoil. In addition, it may be formed of a single volume or a plurality of volumes connected to each other or not. During storage, the means for storing the compressed gas are closed.
    The compressed gas is stored until the moment when it is desired to recover the stored energy. Step f) and the following are carried out at the moment when it is desired to recover the stored energy.
    Steps f) and h) heat the compressed air before each relaxation, which optimizes the performance of the next trigger. The heat storage device makes it possible, when the energy is restored, to restore a maximum of stored heat by increasing the temperature of the gas before passing to the next expansion. For example, the gas may pass from a temperature below 80 ° C, for example about 50 ° C, to a temperature above 150 ° C, for example about 180 ° C.
    In steps g) and i), the compressed gas is expanded. The expansion of the compressed gas makes it possible to generate an energy. This expansion can be achieved by means of a turbine which generates an electrical energy. If the gas is air, the expanded air can be vented to the environment.
    The method and system for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas according to the invention can be used for the storage of intermittent energy, such as wind or solar energy, in order to be able to use this energy at the desired time.
    Illustrative example
    An exemplary embodiment (non-limiting) of a heat storage device consisting of four heat storage volumes is described using sizing data from the petroleum industry which are less conservative than the Codap (Code for the Construction of Appliances at pressure not subject to the action of the flame): • A steel wall with an internal diameter of 3.5m and a thickness of about 100mm is the central volume (noted TES4) of heat storage which is at the highest pressure of 125.6 bars. • A second steel wall with an internal diameter of 5.8m and a thickness of about 70mm, corresponds to a first annular volume of internal pressure heat storage 62.5 bars (denoted TES3). • A third steel wall with an internal diameter of 6.28m and a thickness of the order of 60mm corresponds to a second annular volume for storing heat of internal pressure 30.8 bars (denoted TES2). • The last steel wall with an internal diameter of 7.29 m and a thickness of about 14 mm corresponds to the peripheral volume of heat storage (denoted TES1). • One layer of insulation is used to cover the last steel wall.
    Each heat storage volume contains a storage material with an internal volume of 478.5 m 2 in the form of a cylinder for the central heat storage volume and annular for the following heat storage volumes. This set can hold 574 tons of storage material. To have the necessary volume, it takes a height of nearly 50 m. This can be achieved with three modules of approximately 17m high installed in series.
    For the realization of each nested heat storage volume, a different amount of steel is required. The values for each TES are given in Table 1:
    Table 1 - Steel masses for the design example of the heat storage device
    For on-site installation, the various steel cylinders can be partitioned into different transportable elements by truck, then transported to the site for assembly and welding. For the TES 4 subjected to the strongest pressure and of consequent thickness, a particular attention to the welds will have to be brought. As assembly proceeds, the storage material may be added, and retaining bars may be installed.
    According to a second example, in order to show the advantage of the system according to the invention, particularly in terms of steel thickness used, a heat storage device according to the invention INV is compared with four storage volumes of the invention. concentric heat, with a heat storage device according to the prior art AA formed of four separate heat storage columns. These two devices are subjected to the same stresses (temperatures, fluid pressures). Table 2 and FIG. 5 illustrate the differences between the device according to the invention INV and according to the prior art AA. FIG. 5 illustrates the thickness e (in mm) of the steel wall for each heat storage volume TES1, TES2, TES3, TES4 (TES1 being the peripheral volume and TES4 being the central volume).
    Table 2 - comparative example
    Note that the device according to the invention can greatly reduce the pressure difference seen by the steel walls. In addition, it is noted that the invention makes it possible to limit the thicknesses of the steel walls, which makes it possible to limit the mass and the cost of the heat storage device.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A heat storage and recovery device comprising at least two heat storage volumes (TES1, TES2, TES3) delimited by concentric walls (2), said heat storage volumes (TES1, TES2, TES3) comprising a heat storage material (3), characterized in that the thicknesses of said consecutive walls (2) delimiting said heat storage volumes (TES1, TES2, TES3) are decreasing from said wall (2) delimiting said central heat storage volume (TES3) to said wall (2) delimiting said peripheral heat storage volume (TES1).
    [0002]
    2) Device according to claim 1, wherein said device for storing and returning heat (1) comprises at least three concentric volumes of heat storage (TES1, TES2, TES3).
    [0003]
    3) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said walls are made of metal, including steel.
    [0004]
    4) Device according to claim 3, wherein said walls are formed by assembling at least one monolayer sheet or multilayer coiled, in particular by welding assembly.
    [0005]
    5) Device according to one of claims 3 or 4, wherein said walls are reinforced by at least one circumferential ring (6).
    [0006]
    6) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said wall (2) defining the peripheral heat storage volume (TES1) of said storage device and heat recovery (1) is covered with a insulating material (4).
    [0007]
    7) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said heat storage material (3) is formed by concrete balls.
    [0008]
    8) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said storage device and heat recovery (1) comprises at least one bar and / or a reinforcing plate (5) disposed between said walls (2).
    [0009]
    9) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each heat storage volume (TES1, TES2, TES3) is formed by a plurality of associated modules in series and / or in parallel.
    [0010]
    10) A method for storing and restoring the heat by means of a storage and heat recovery device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) is circulated a fluid at a first pressure P1 in a first heat storage volume of said storage and heat recovery device; and b) circulating said fluid at a second pressure P2 in a second heat storage volume of said storage and heat recovery device, said second pressure P2 being greater than said first pressure P1 and said second storage volume heat being located within said first heat storage volume.
    [0011]
    11) The method of claim 10, wherein repeating step b) so as to circulate said fluid consecutively in each heat storage volume (TES1, TES2, TES3) of said storage device and heat recovery .
    [0012]
    12) compressed gas energy storage and recovery system comprising at least two compression means of said gas (12), at least one compressed gas storage means (13), at least two expansion means (14) of said compressed gas compressed gas for generating energy, characterized in that said storage and energy recovery system comprises a storage and heat recovery device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, a first storage volume heat (TES1) of said storage and heat recovery device being able to cool the compressed gas between said gas compression means (12) and / or able to heat the gas between said gas expansion means (14); ), and a second heat storage volume (TES2) of said heat storage and retrieval device (1), inside said first heat storage volume (TES1), being able to cool the compressed gas between a way compressing the gas (12) and said compressed gas storage means (13) and / or capable of heating the compressed gas between said compressed gas storage means (13) and a first gas expansion means (14).
    [0013]
    The system of claim 12, wherein said compressed gas energy storage and recovery system comprises at least three gas compression means (12) and at least three gas expansion means (14), and said heat storage and return device (1) comprises at least three heat storage volumes (TES1, TES2, TES3).
    [0014]
    14) Process for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, characterized in that it comprises the following steps by means of a storage and energy recovery system according to one of claims 12 or 13: a ) a gas is compressed; b) said compressed gas is cooled in a first storage volume (TES1) of the heat of said storage and heat recovery device (1); c) said cooled gas is compressed; d) cooling said compressed gas in a second storage volume (TES2) of the heat of said storage and heat recovery device (1), said second storage volume (TES2) of the heat being located inside said first heat storage volume (TES1); e) storing said cooled gas; f) heating said gas stored in said second heat storage volume (TES2); g) said heated gas is expanded to generate energy; h) heating said expanded gas in said first heat storage volume (TES1); and i) said heated gas is expanded.
    [0015]
    15) The method of claim 14, wherein it repeats steps c) and d) and / or h) and i) for each gas compression means (12) and / or for each gas expansion means (14) .
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3458791A1|2019-03-27|
    CN109196296A|2019-01-11|
    EP3458791B1|2020-02-19|
    US20190195570A1|2019-06-27|
    US10837713B2|2020-11-17|
    WO2017198397A1|2017-11-23|
    CN109196296B|2020-06-23|
    FR3051549B1|2018-06-22|
    ES2777635T3|2020-08-05|
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1654395|2016-05-18|
    FR1654395A|FR3051549B1|2016-05-18|2016-05-18|HEAT STORAGE AND RESTITUTION DEVICE AND METHOD COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO CONCENTRIC HEAT STORAGE VOLUMES|FR1654395A| FR3051549B1|2016-05-18|2016-05-18|HEAT STORAGE AND RESTITUTION DEVICE AND METHOD COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO CONCENTRIC HEAT STORAGE VOLUMES|
    ES17716272T| ES2777635T3|2016-05-18|2017-04-12|Heat storage and restoration device and procedure comprising at least two concentric heat storage volumes|
    PCT/EP2017/058874| WO2017198397A1|2016-05-18|2017-04-12|System and method of heat storage and release comprising at least two concentric heat storage volumes|
    US16/302,452| US10837713B2|2016-05-18|2017-04-12|System and method of heat storage and release comprising at least two concentric heat storage volumes|
    CN201780030374.XA| CN109196296B|2016-05-18|2017-04-12|System and method for thermal storage and release comprising at least two concentric thermal storage volumes|
    EP17716272.4A| EP3458791B1|2016-05-18|2017-04-12|System and method of heat storage and release comprising at least two concentric heat storage volumes|
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