• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a device for exchanging heat between a fluid and particles (6) for storing heat. The exchange system comprises two particle storage volumes (2, 3) and an exchange zone (4), in which the fluid (F) and the heat storage particles (6) flow against each other. current.
    公开号:FR3051245A1
    申请号:FR1654190
    申请日:2016-05-11
    公开日:2017-11-17
    发明作者:Guillaume Vinay；Elena Sanz；Cecile Plais；Willi Nastoll
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to the field of heat exchange systems, in particular for the storage of heat in a system or method of AA-CAES ("Advanced Adiabatic - Compressed Air Energy Storage") type.
    In a compressed air energy storage system (CAES), energy, which is to be used at another time, is stored as compressed air. For storage, energy, especially electrical, drives air compressors, and for destocking, the compressed air drives turbines, which can be connected to an electric generator. The efficiency of this solution is not optimal because part of the energy of the compressed air is in the form of heat which is not used. In fact, in the CAES processes, only the mechanical energy of the air is used, that is to say that all the heat produced during the compression is rejected. For example, compressed air at 8 MPa (80 bar) heats during compression to about 150 ° C, but is cooled prior to storage. In addition, the efficiency of a CAES system is not optimal, because then the system requires heating the stored air to achieve the expansion of the air. Indeed, if the air is stored at 8 MPa (80 bar) and at room temperature and if it is desired to recover the energy by a relaxation, the decompression of the air again follows an isentropic curve, but this time from the initial storage conditions (about 8 MPa and 300 K). The air is cooled to unrealistic temperatures (83 K or -191 ° C). It is therefore necessary to heat it, which can be done using a gas burner, or other fuel.
    Several variants currently exist for this system. Systems and methods include: • Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) in which air is stored at high temperature due to compression. However, this type of system requires a specific storage system, bulky and expensive (adiabatic storage). • AACAES (Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) in which air is stored at room temperature, and the heat due to compression is also stored separately in a TES heat storage system. "Thermal Energy Storage"). The heat stored in the TES is used to heat the air before it is released. According to some contemplated designs, heat is stored in the storage system by means of solid particles.
    Moreover, such heat exchange systems are used in other fields: the storage of solar energy, marine energy, in metallurgical processes, etc.
    One of the design limitations of heat exchange and storage systems is the control of thermal stratification (or thermocline) from low temperatures to high temperatures. Indeed, the efficiency and the efficiency of storage of the heat depend on it.
    For this purpose, several types of heat exchange system have been developed. Some types of heat exchange system relate to a fixed bed of solid particles for storing heat, or systems for heat exchange of fluid (s) circulating cocurrently. However, these heat exchanges are not optimal in terms of efficiency.
    Indeed, the fixed beds of particles may have heterogeneities, particularly at the porosity of the particle bed, which limits the heat exchange.
    In addition, the patent application WO 2014/183894 describes a heat exchange system in which heat storage particles are transported from a first reservoir to a second reservoir. These particles exchange heat with a fluid that is transported in a direction transverse to the direction of the particles. As a result, the heat exchange zone is reduced, which limits heat exchanges between the particles and the fluid.
    To overcome these disadvantages, the present invention relates to a device for heat exchange between a fluid and heat storage particles. The exchange system comprises two particle storage volumes and an exchange zone in which the fluid and the heat storage particles flow countercurrently. This countercurrent flow allows a high efficiency of the heat exchange between the fluid and the particles.
    The invention relates to a device for exchanging heat between a fluid and heat storage particles comprising a first and a second storage volume of said heat storage particles and at least one d-zone. heat exchange, wherein said fluid and said heat storage particles flow, said heat exchange zone being arranged between said storage volumes of said heat storage particles. Said heat exchange device comprises means for circulating said heat storage particles in said heat exchange zone, said circulation means being configured to circulate said heat storage particles from said first storage volume said heat storage particles to said second storage volume of said heat storage particles in a direction opposite to the flow direction of said fluid.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, each storage volume of said heat storage particles is formed in a storage tank.
    Alternatively, said two storage volumes of said heat storage particles are included in a single storage tank, said two storage volumes of said particles being separated by a wall, in particular a thermally insulated wall.
    According to one embodiment, said means for circulating said heat storage particles comprise at least one piston placed in at least one storage volume of said heat storage particles.
    According to an embodiment option, said means for circulating said heat storage particles comprise at least one pump.
    Advantageously, said heat exchange zone is formed within at least one pipe.
    According to one characteristic of the invention, said heat storage particles comprise phase change materials.
    Preferably, said fluid is a gas, especially air.
    In addition, the invention relates to a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas comprising at least one gas compression means, at least one storage volume of the compressed gas, at least one compressed gas expansion means for generate energy. The compressed gas energy storage and recovery system comprises at least one heat exchange device according to one of the preceding features.
    In addition, the invention relates to a heat exchange method between a fluid and heat storage particles, in which the following steps are carried out for the heat exchange: a) the said particles are stored in a first volume; storage of heat storage particles; b) circulating said fluid in a heat exchange zone; c) circulating said heat storage particles in said heat exchange zone from said first storage volume of heat storage particles to a second storage volume of heat storage particles in a direction opposite to the flow direction of said fluid; and d) storing said particles in said second storage volume of heat storage particles. The invention also relates to a method for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas, wherein the following steps are performed: a) a gas, such as air, is compressed; b) said compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange in a heat exchange device according to one of the preceding features; c) storing said cooled compressed gas; d) heating said stored gas by heat exchange in said heat exchange device; and e) said heated gas is expanded to generate energy.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other features and advantages of the device according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figures and described below.
    FIG. 1 illustrates a heat exchange device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 2 is a curve illustrating the variations of the fluid temperature and of the solid particles within the exchange zone for a heat exchange device according to the invention.
    FIG. 3 illustrates a heat exchange device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
    FIG. 4 illustrates a system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Detailed Description of the Invention
    The present invention relates to a device for exchanging heat between a fluid and heat storage particles. The heat exchange system comprises at least one heat exchange zone in which the fluid and the heat storage particles circulate. According to the invention, the heat exchange system comprises means for circulating the heat storage particles configured for countercurrent circulation of the fluid with respect to the heat storage particles, in the exchange zone. heat. In other words, the circulation means are able to circulate the heat storage particles in a direction opposite to the circulation of the fluid, that is to say that the fluid and the particles intersect in the zone. heat exchange having parallel trajectories: the particles circulate in this exchange zone from the fluid outlet of this exchange zone to the fluid inlet of this exchange zone. The countercurrent circulation of the fluid and the particles makes it possible to obtain a high efficiency of the heat exchange, in particular because the fluid and the particles can exchange heat over a long distance. Thus, it is possible to optimize the heat stored in the heat storage particles. Within the exchange zone of the device according to the invention, the particles circulate in the form of a very dense bed of particles, unlike the fluidized bed which requires suspension of the particles.
    The heat storage device according to the invention comprises two storage volumes of the heat storage particles. The heat exchange zone is arranged between these two volumes of storage of the particles. The storage volumes of the particles make it possible to separately store the particles at different temperatures: a so-called cold temperature and a so-called hot temperature. This separate storage makes it possible to overcome the problem of maintaining the thermocline, as is the case in fixed bed heat storage systems. The fact that the heat exchange does not take place in the storage volumes of the particles but in a separate exchange zone makes it possible to have a storage volume of the particles at a uniform temperature, which is important for the system efficiency. Indeed, in each particle storage volume, all the particles have a substantially constant temperature. Thus, thanks to these heat storage volumes, it is therefore possible to store the heat exchanged between the fluid and the particles.
    Thus, for the exchange of heat between a fluid and the particles, the particle circulation means circulates the particles from a first particle storage volume, through the heat exchange zone, to the second volume of the particles. particle storage. For example, to store the heat of a hot fluid, the particle circulation means circulates the cold particles stored in the "cold" storage volume, passing the particles into the heat exchange zone, wherein the particles store heat from the hot fluid to the second "hot" storage volume. Conversely, to return the heat to a cold fluid, the particle circulation means circulates the hot particles stored in the "hot" storage volume, passing the particles into the heat exchange zone, in which the particles return heat to a cold fluid, to the first "cold" storage volume.
    The device according to the invention comprises fluid circulation means in the heat exchange zone, so as to allow the circulation of the fluid in this heat exchange zone. These means may include a pump, a compressor or a pressure reducer.
    The heat storage particles are small elements (for example between 0.01 and 20 mm) able to store heat.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange system according to the invention may comprise solid particles or particles, in the form of capsules containing a phase change material (PCM). These materials also allow a reduction in the volume of storage volumes because they can store a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat. A compromise between efficiency and cost can also be found by mixing MCPs and storage materials, using sensible heat to store heat. Among the phase-change materials, the following materials may be used: paraffins, whose melting point is less than 130 ° C, salts which melt at temperatures above 300 ° C, (eutectic) mixtures which allow to have a wide range of melting temperature.
    Preferably, the heat storage particles are solid particles known as heat sensitive: they allow the storage of heat in the form of sensible heat. This may include concrete particles. These solid particles allow controlled thermal transfers, especially since the temperature difference between the fluid and the solid particles remains substantially constant.
    The particles (whether or not with a phase change) can have all the known forms of conventional granular media (beads, cylinders, extrusions, trilobes, etc.), as well as any other shape that maximizes the exchange surface. with the fluid. Preferably, the particles are in the form of beads, so as to limit the problems of attrition and promote their countercurrent displacements in the heat exchange zone by limiting the jamming phenomena. The particle size may vary between 0.1 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 10 mm and even more preferably between 1 and 7 mm.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the fluid may be a gas, especially air. The fluid may be a gas to be cooled or heated by the particles in the heat exchange zone.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange zone is formed by a pipe, a channel, a column, or any similar means. The pipe (or channel) may be circular, rectangular, elliptical, and so on.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, several heat exchange zones can be placed in parallel. Thus, by multiplying the zones, it is possible to limit the length of the heat exchange zones, while promoting heat exchange. According to one example, the heat exchange device may comprise several pipes placed in parallel to form heat exchange zones.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the particle circulation means may comprise at least one piston and / or a pump and / or any mechanism for moving the particles in the form of a dense bed of particles. Advantageously, a piston may be included in each particle storage volume, the displacement of the piston generating the displacement of the particles in the exchange zone from a storage volume of the particles to the other particle storage volume. Advantageously, the pump may be placed upstream or downstream of the heat exchange zone.
    According to a first embodiment of the invention (compatible with all the variants and combinations of the variants described above), each storage volume of the particles may be included in a reservoir. The tanks are intended to store the heat storage particles. Thus, the heat exchange device then comprises two separate storage tanks of the particles, which avoids the heat exchange between the cold particles and the hot particles. Preferably, the storage tanks of the particles can be thermally isolated to maintain the temperature of the particles. Each reservoir may have a substantially cylindrical shape. For this first embodiment, when the particle circulation means comprise a piston, the displacement of the piston allows the particles to move, but can also be used to adjust the storage volume of the particles in the tank.
    According to a second embodiment of the invention (compatible with all the variants and all the combinations of the variants described above), the two particle storage volumes are comprised in a single reservoir, the two particle storage volumes being separated by a wall, preferably a sealed wall and thermally insulated, so as to avoid heat transfer between the two storage volumes of the particles. The reservoir is intended to store the heat storage particles. Thus, the heat exchange device comprises only one particle storage tank, which reduces the size and cost of the heat exchange device. According to a conceivable design, this wall may be movable and may serve as a piston for the particle circulation means. Preferably, the tank structure may be thermally insulated to maintain the temperature of the particles. The reservoir may have a substantially cylindrical shape.
    The main advantages of the heat exchange and storage device according to the invention are: Thermal exchanges between the coolant and the particles are maximized, and the size of the system is reduced accordingly, thanks to the thermal profile against established current in the heat exchange area. - The hot and cold temperatures of the device are kept constant. Indeed, the hot and cold particles are stored at uniform temperature in separate volumes and preferably thermally insulated, which makes it possible to overcome the problem of maintaining the thermocline in the reservoir, as is the case in the control systems. storage of heat in a fixed bed (hot point and cold point within the same reactor). - Compared to a fixed bed storage system, there are no risks related to bad distributions of the solid. - The system allows flexibility because partial loads and discharges are facilitated. Indeed, it is possible to cut at any time the supply of particles in the heat exchange zone and to heat / cool only part of it.
    Figure 1 illustrates a device, schematically and not limiting, according to the first embodiment (with two separate tanks). The heat exchange device 1 comprises a first reservoir 2 of particles 6, serving as the first storage volume of the particles 6. The first reservoir 2 comprises a piston 5 serving as a means for circulating the particles. The heat exchange device 1 comprises a second reservoir 3 of particles, serving as the second storage volume of the particles 6. The second reservoir 3 comprises a piston 5 serving as a means for circulating the particles. Between the first reservoir 2 and the second reservoir 3 is arranged a heat exchange zone 4, in which a fluid and the particles 6 can circulate. According to the illustrated example, the heat exchange zone 4 is formed by a pipe. The circulations of the fluid and the particles illustrated in FIG. 1 correspond to a charging phase, that is to say a heat storage phase, the heat of a hot fluid is stored in the particles stored in the reservoir. hot ", which is the reservoir 2 in the example shown. For this, the hot fluid FC enters the heat exchange zone 4 on the side of the "hot" reservoir 2 and the cold fluid FF leaves the heat exchange zone 4 on the side of the "cold" reservoir. this figure, the white arrows P indicate the circulation of the particles. The particles leave the "cold" reservoir 3, by displacement of the piston 5, circulate in the heat exchange zone 4 in the direction opposite to the circulation of the fluid, and are stored in the "hot" reservoir 2. For the phase discharge (not shown), that is to say a phase of restitution of heat, the stored heat is returned to a cold fluid, and the respective circulations of the fluid and particles are reversed. For this, the cold fluid FF enters the heat exchange zone 4 on the side of the "cold" reservoir 3 and the hot fluid FC leaves the heat exchange zone 4 on the "hot" reservoir side 2. The particles leave the "hot" reservoir 2, by displacement of the piston 5, circulate in the heat exchange zone 4 in the direction opposite to the circulation of the fluid, and are stored in the "cold" reservoir 3.
    The heat transfers in the pipe connecting the two tanks are countercurrent, so the evolution of the fluid and solid temperature profiles can be represented as in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows the evolution of the fluid temperature Tf and temperature of the heat storage particles Ts, along the heat exchange zone, for the case where the heat storage particles are solid particles with sensible heat. In this figure, the abscissa axis corresponds to the position in the heat exchange zone along its length L4. This figure corresponds to a heat storage phase, for which a hot fluid at a temperature Tf1 (left side) enters the heat exchange zone and leaves cold at a temperature Tf2 (right side). The particles enter the heat exchange zone at a cold temperature Ts1 (right side) and exit at a warm temperature Ts2 (left side). Countercurrent technology maintains a controlled gap between fluid and particulate temperatures, favoring heat transfer.
    Figure 3 illustrates a device, schematically and not limiting, according to the second embodiment (with a single tank). The heat exchange device 1 comprises a single reservoir 7 for storing the particles. The reservoir 7 is separated into two volumes 8, 9 of particle storage by the piston 5. The piston 5 forms a sealed wall and thermal insulation between the two particle storage volumes. The displacement of the piston 5 allows the circulation of the particles. Between the two particle storage volumes is arranged a heat exchange zone 4, in which a fluid and the particles 6 can circulate. According to the illustrated example, the heat exchange zone 4 is formed by a pipe. The circulations of the fluid and the particles illustrated in FIG. 3 correspond to a charging phase, that is to say a heat storage phase, the heat of a hot fluid is stored in the particles stored in the volume of storage of "hot" particles, which is the left part 8 of the tank 7 in the example shown. For this, the hot fluid FC enters the heat exchange zone 4 on the side of the storage volume of the "hot" particles and the cold fluid FF leaves the heat exchange zone 4 on the side of the storage volume 9 "cold" particles (right part of the tank 7). In this figure, the white arrows P indicate the circulation of the particles. The particles leave the storage volume of the "cold" particles, by displacement of the piston 5, circulate in the heat exchange zone 4 in the direction opposite to the flow of the fluid, and are stored in the particle storage volume. "Hot". For the discharge phase (not shown), that is to say a phase of restitution of heat, the heat stored in the particles is returned to a cold fluid, and the directions of the respective circulations of the fluid and particles are reversed. For this, the cold fluid FF enters the heat exchange zone 4 on the side of the storage volume of the "cold" heat and the hot fluid FC leaves the heat exchange zone 4 on the side of the volume of heat. "hot" heat storage. The particles leave the storage volume of the "hot" particles, by displacement of the piston 5, circulate in the heat exchange zone 4 in the direction opposite to the flow of the fluid, and are stored in the storage volume of the particles. cold ".
    In addition, the present invention relates to a storage system and energy recovery by compressed gas equipped with a heat storage volume (for example of the AACAES type). In this implementation, the pressurized gas (often air) is stored cold. The system for storing and recovering energy according to the invention comprises: at least one gas compression means (or compressor), and preferably several staged gas compression means. The gas compression means may be driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor; - At least one storage volume of the compressed gas (also called tank) by the gas compression means. The storage volume of the compressed gas can be a natural reservoir (for example an underground cavity) or not. The storage volume of the compressed gas may be on the surface or in the subsoil. In addition, it may be formed of a single volume or a plurality of volumes connected to each other or not; - At least one gas expansion means (also called expansion valve or turbine), for relaxing the compressed gas and stored, and preferably multiple gas expansion means staged. The means of expansion of the gas makes it possible to generate an energy, in particular an electric energy by means of a generator; at least one heat exchange device, allowing the storage of the heat resulting from the compressed gas during the energy storage phase, and making it possible to restore the heat stored at the compressed gas during the restitution phase energy. The heat exchange device is preferably placed at the outlet of the compression means and at the inlet of the expansion means. According to the invention, the heat exchange system comprises solid particles for storing heat. These solid particles exchange heat with the gas during the storage and energy recovery phases, this heat being stored in the particles between these two phases. According to the invention, the heat storage devices are in accordance with one of the variants and embodiments described above, or with one of the combinations of the variants and embodiments previously described.
    The terms "stepped compression means" (respectively "stepped expansion means") are used when a plurality of compression means (respectively expansion means) are successively mounted one after the other in series: the compressed gas (respectively relaxed) at the output of the first compression means (respectively expansion) then passes in a second compression means (respectively relaxation) and so on. A compression or expansion stage is then called a compression or expansion means for the plurality of staged compression or expansion means. Advantageously, when the system comprises a plurality of compression and / or expansion stages, a heat exchange system is disposed between each compression and / or expansion stage. Thus, the compressed gas is cooled between each compression, which optimizes the efficiency of the next compression, and the expanded gas is heated between each trigger, which optimizes the performance of the next trigger. The number of compression stages and the number of expansion stages can be between 2 and 10, preferably between 3 and 5. Preferably, the number of compression stages is identical to the number of expansion stages. Alternatively, the system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas (for example of the AACAES type) according to the invention may contain a single compression means and a single expansion means.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the compression means, staggered or not, may be reversible, that is to say they can operate for both compression and relaxation. Thus, it is possible to limit the number of devices used in the system according to the invention, which allows a gain in weight and volume of the system according to the invention.
    According to an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange devices used between the compression stages may be those used between the expansion stages.
    The system according to the invention is suitable for any type of gas, especially for air. In this case, the inlet air used for the compression can be taken from the ambient air, and the exit air after the expansion can be released into the ambient air. In the remainder of the description, only the embodiment variant with compressed air and its AACAES application will be described. However, the system and process are valid for any other gas.
    FIG. 4 illustrates a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment of an AACAES system according to the invention. In this figure, the arrows in continuous line illustrate the flow of gas during the compression steps (energy storage), and the dashed arrows illustrate the flow of gas during the relaxation steps (energy restitution). This figure illustrates an AACAES system comprising a single compression stage 12, a single expansion stage 14 and a heat exchange device 1. The system comprises a storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. The heat exchange device 1 is interposed between the compression / expansion stage 12 or 14 and the storage tank 13 of the compressed gas. Conventionally, in the energy storage phase (compression), the air is first compressed in the compressor 12, then cooled in the heat storage device 1. The compressed and cooled gas is stored in the tank 13. The heat storage particles of the heat storage device 1 are hot following the cooling of the compressed gas in the compression phase. When recovering the energy (expansion), the stored compressed gas is heated in the heat storage device 1. Then, in a conventional manner, the gas passes through one or more expansion stages 14 (a floor according to the example illustrated in Figure 4).
    The compressed gas energy storage and recovery system according to the invention is not limited to the example of FIG. 4. Other configurations may be envisaged: a different number of compression stages and / or relaxation, the use of reversible means providing compression and relaxation, etc.
    The heat exchange device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, in particular the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3. In fact, the storage volumes of the particles make it possible to store the hot particles after the exchange of heat in the exchange zone during the energy storage phase, and allows to release the hot particles for the exchange of heat in the exchange zone for the recovery phase of energy.
    Alternatively, the heat exchange system according to the invention can be used for any type of use requiring the storage of heat, especially for the storage of solar energy, wind, or for any type of industry including the metallurgy, etc.
    In addition, the present invention relates to a method of heat exchange between a fluid and heat storage particles. For this process, the following steps can be performed: a) storing the particles in a first storage volume of heat storage particles; b) circulating the fluid in a heat exchange zone; c) circulating the heat storage particles, in particular by a particle circulation means, in the heat exchange zone from the first storage volume of heat storage particles to a second particle storage volume; storing heat in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the fluid; and d) storing the particles in the second storage volume of heat storage particles.
    Countercurrent circulation (in opposite directions) provides a high efficiency of heat exchange.
    Steps b) and c) are simultaneous to allow heat exchange.
    The heat exchange process can be carried out by means of the heat exchange device according to the invention.
    The fluid may be a gas, especially air.
    The present invention also relates to a method for storage and recovery by compressed gas, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) a gas is compressed, in particular by means of a compressor; b) the compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange in a heat exchange device according to the invention; c) the compressed compressed gas is stored, in particular by a compressed gas storage volume; d) the stored compressed gas is heated, by heat exchange, in the heat exchange device according to the invention; and e) the heated compressed gas is expanded to generate energy, for example by means of a turbine to generate electrical energy.
    According to the invention, the heat exchange between the gas and the particles is carried out in a heat exchange zone with a flow of the countercurrent fluid with respect to the circulation of the particles. Thus, the storage and energy recovery of the AACAES type process are optimized.
    According to one aspect of the invention, the method comprises several successive compression stages, by means of compressors placed in series, also called staged compressions. In this case, the steps a) and b) are repeated for each compression stage. Thus, the gas is compressed and cooled several times.
    According to one characteristic of the invention, the method comprises several successive expansion steps, by means of expansion placed in series, also called stepped detents. In this case, steps d) and e) are repeated for each expansion stage. Thus, the gas is heated and relaxed several times. Step a) concerns the compression of a gas, for example air. It may include air taken from the environment. Step b) makes it possible to cool the compressed gas after each compression step, which makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of the following compression and / or energy storage. The heat storage volumes make it possible, during the storage of the compressed gas (compression), to recover a maximum of heat resulting from the compression of the gas leaving the compressors and to reduce the temperature of the gas before the next compression stage or before storage. For example, the compressed gas may pass from a temperature above 150 ° C, for example about 190 ° C to a temperature below 80 ° C, for example about 50 ° C. Step c) can be carried out within a compressed gas storage volume, which can be a natural reservoir or not (for example an underground cavity). The storage volume of the compressed gas may be on the surface or in the subsoil. In addition, it may be formed of a single volume or a plurality of volumes connected to each other or not. During storage, the storage volume of the compressed gas is closed.
    The compressed gas is stored until the moment when it is desired to recover the stored energy. Step d) and the following are carried out at the moment when it is desired to recover the stored energy. Step d) makes it possible to heat the compressed air before each relaxation, which makes it possible to optimize the performance of the following relaxation. For step d), it is possible to use the heat storage particles which were used to cool during step b). The heat storage volumes make it possible, when the energy is restored, to restore a maximum amount of stored heat by increasing the temperature of the gas before passing to the next expansion. For example, the gas may pass from a temperature below 80 ° C, for example about 50 ° C, to a temperature above 150 ° C, for example about 180 ° C.
    In step e), the compressed gas is expanded. The expansion of the compressed gas makes it possible to generate an energy. This expansion can be achieved by means of a turbine which generates an electrical energy. If the gas is air, the expanded air can be vented to the environment.
    The method and system for storing and recovering energy by compressed gas according to the invention can be used for the storage of intermittent energy, such as wind or solar energy, in order to be able to use this energy at the desired time.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    Claims 1) A device for heat exchange between a fluid and heat storage particles (6) comprising first and second storage volumes of said heat storage particles and at least one heat exchange zone ( 4), wherein said fluid and said heat storage particles (6) flow, said heat exchange zone (4) being arranged between said storage volumes of said heat storage particles, characterized in that said heat exchange device comprises means for circulating said particles (6) for storing heat in said heat exchange zone (4), said circulation means being configured to circulate said particles (6) of storing heat from said first storage volume of said heat storage particles (6) to said second storage volume of said heat storage particles (6), in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of said fluid.
    [0002]
    2) Device according to claim 1, wherein each storage volume of said particles (6) for storing heat is formed in a storage tank (2, 3).
    [0003]
    3) Device according to claim 1, wherein said two storage volumes of said particles (6) of heat storage are included in a single storage tank (7), said two volumes (8, 9) of storage of said particles being separated by a wall, in particular a thermally insulated wall.
    [0004]
    4) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said means for circulating said particles (6) of heat storage comprise at least one piston (5) placed in at least one storage volume of said particles (6) storage heat.
    [0005]
    5) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said means for circulating said particles (6) for storing heat comprise at least one pump.
    [0006]
    6) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said heat exchange zone (4) is formed in at least one pipe.
    [0007]
    7) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said particles (6) for storing heat comprise phase change materials.
    [0008]
    8) Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said fluid is a gas, including air.
    [0009]
    9) Compressed gas energy storage and recovery system comprising at least one gas compression means (12), at least one compressed gas storage space (13), at least one expansion means (14) of the compressed gas for generating energy, characterized in that said system for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas comprises at least one heat exchange device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.
    [0010]
    10) A method of heat exchange between a fluid and heat storage particles (6), in which the following steps are carried out for the heat exchange: a) said particles are stored in a first storage volume of heat storage particles; b) circulating said fluid in a heat exchange zone (4); c) circulating said heat storage particles in said heat exchange zone (4) from said first storage volume of heat storage particles to a second storage volume of heat storage particles in accordance with a direction opposite to the direction of circulation of said fluid; and d) storing said particles in said second storage volume of heat storage particles.
    [0011]
    11) Process for storage and energy recovery by compressed gas, wherein the following steps are carried out: a) a gas, such as air, is compressed; b) said compressed gas is cooled by heat exchange in a heat exchange device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9; c) storing said cooled compressed gas; d) heating said stored gas by heat exchange in said heat exchange device; and e) said heated gas is expanded to generate energy.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2017194253A1|2017-11-16|
    FR3051245B1|2018-05-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102012019791A1|2012-10-04|2014-04-10|Technische Universität Ilmenau|Ball circulating heat accumulator for storing heat from renewable energy sources, has balls that are used in heat exchanger, such that geometrically defined guidance of balls to closed pipes or open channels system is performed|
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    TWI655363B|2017-11-02|2019-04-01|李忠諭|Energy storage and release apparatus and method for energy storage and release|
    CA3126561A1|2019-01-15|2020-07-23|Hydrostor Inc.|A compressed gas energy storage system|
    FR3097952B1|2019-06-26|2021-06-25|Ifp Energies Now|System and method for countercurrent heat exchange between a fluid and heat storage particles|
    法律状态:
    2017-05-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-11-17| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20171117 |
    2018-05-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-05-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-05-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-05-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1654190A|FR3051245B1|2016-05-11|2016-05-11|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EXCHANGING HEAT BETWEEN A FLUID AND COUNTER-CURRENT HEAT STORAGE PARTICLES|
    FR1654190|2016-05-11|FR1654190A| FR3051245B1|2016-05-11|2016-05-11|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EXCHANGING HEAT BETWEEN A FLUID AND COUNTER-CURRENT HEAT STORAGE PARTICLES|
    PCT/EP2017/058559| WO2017194253A1|2016-05-11|2017-04-10|Device and method for counter-current heat exchange between a fluid and heat storage particles|
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