PROCESS FOR MONITORING THE RESISTANCE WELDING QUALITY OF A NUCLEAR FUEL BAR

专利摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the quality of resistance welding of a nuclear fuel rod, a method for real-time monitoring of the resistance and pressure welding of a cladding tube and an end plug. . The method comprises: a first step of detecting welding information including voltage, current, and welding force in a pressure-resistance welding process of a cladding tube and an end cap ( S10); a second step of comparing static factors obtained by calculating effective values for the welding information with predetermined reference values, respectively (S20); a third step of calculating dynamic factors for the welding information, including the instantaneous welding force gradient (S30), when the reference values are satisfied in the second step (S20); and a fourth step of determining whether or not there are defects in the welding quality by comparing the dynamic factors (S40).
公开号:FR3049882A1
申请号:FR1663420
申请日:2016-12-27
公开日:2017-10-13
发明作者:Tae Hyung Na；Dong Soo Hwang；Mi Hye Ko；Kyung Woo Choi
申请人:MONITECH CO Ltd；Kepco Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

BACKGROUND OF THE RESISTANCE WELDING QUALITY OF AN ARTIFICIAL NUCLEAR FUEL BAR OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the quality of resistance welding of a nuclear fuel rod, in particular, a method which can monitor in real time the quality of the pressure resistance welding of a cladding tube and an end cap.
Description of the prior art
A nuclear fuel rod for a light water reactor is fabricated by placing a plurality of pellets in a cylindrical cladding tube made of zirconium alloy and then welding the two ends of the cladding tube with end plugs.
A plurality of nuclear fuel rods are integrally supported in spacer grids and placed in a reactor as a fuel assembly, thus rough surfaces of the nuclear fuel rods are polished to avoid interference with the spacer grids when assembly.
In general, resistance and pressure welding is used to weld a cladding tube and an end plug, ie. a cladding tube and an end plug are compressed by a pair of electrodes and a current is applied from one of the electrodes to the other electrode through the cladding tube and the end cap, thereby welding permanently the cladding tube and the end cap.
A burst test and a structural examination of the fuel rods in a batch is performed for the inspection of resistance welding of end caps of the fuel rods, but it is necessary to have a quick and accurate estimate of the quality in order to increase the reliability of the welding process.
A welding quality estimation method that can verify the quality of welding in real time by detecting and analyzing parameters such as voltage, current and welding force in welding, has been used in some cases in the prior art.
[Prior Art] [Patent Document 1] Korean Patent Application Publication No. 2003-0083650 (2003.10.30) [Patent Document 2] Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2014-0014570 (2014.02. 06) [Patent Document 3] Publication of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0144138 (2015.12.24)
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been realized for the purpose of solving problems and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of precisely and quickly controlling the welding quality of resistance and pressure welding for a cladding tube and a plug. 'end.
In order to achieve this objective, one aspect of the present invention provides a method of controlling the resistance welding quality of a nuclear fuel rod, the method comprising: a first step of detecting the welding information including the voltage, the intensity and the welding force in a resistance and pressure welding process of a cladding tube and an end plug; a second step of comparing static factors obtained by calculating effective values for the welding information at predetermined reference values, respectively; a third step of calculating dynamic factors for the welding information, including an instantaneous welding force gradient; and a fourth step of determining whether or not there are defects in the weld quality by comparing the dynamic factors.
The instantaneous welding force gradient may be the gradient of the welding force to a first half power cycle provided.
The fourth step can be performed on the basis of a total sum of values obtained by dynamic factor quantization models.
The quantized values for the dynamic factors are weighted.
The method of monitoring the resistance welding quality of a nuclear fuel rod according to the present invention can detect welding information, including voltage, current and welding force, calculate specific dynamic factors and static factors from the welding information, and quickly and accurately determine whether there is a defect or not in the quality of welding on the basis of factors. In particular, it is possible to more reliably and precisely determine a defect in the welding quality, using the instantaneous welding force gradient, which is one of the dynamic factors.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description, when taken in combination with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. 1A and 1B are views showing a main configuration before and after welding by a resistance and pressure welding apparatus for a nuclear fuel rod;
Fig. 2 is a view showing the configuration of a monitoring system of the present invention;
Figures 3A-3C are graphs illustrating instantaneous dynamic resistance (IDR) and dynamic interval resistance according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a graph showing waveforms of current, voltage, and welding force detected during resistance welding according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Figs. 5A to 5F are views merely showing the states of a cladding tube and an end plug in each pressure period during resistance welding according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Figures 6 to 13 are graphs showing quality factor models for resistance welding under predetermined test conditions; and
Fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a monitoring method of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Specific structures and functions indicated in the following embodiments of the present invention are presented by way of example to illustrate embodiments in the spirit of the present invention and embodiments according to the spirit of the present invention. can be obtained in different ways. Furthermore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the following embodiments and should be construed to include all modifications, equivalents and replacements included within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The terms "first" and / or "second" used herein may be used to describe different components, but the components are not limited to these terms. The terms are used to distinguish one component from another, and for example, a first component may be referred to as the second component and likewise a second component may be referred to as the first component, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
It should be understood that when an element is indicated as being "connected to" or "connected to" another element, it can be connected directly or connected directly to another element or connected or coupled to another element, the other element intervening element between them. On the other hand, it must be understood that when an element is indicated as being "connected directly to" or "connected directly to" another element, it can be connected or connected to another element or connected or coupled to another element. element, without the other element intervening between them. Other expressions describing the component relationships, namely, "between" and "directly between" or "near" and "directly near" should be understood in the same way.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, a resistance welding apparatus for a nuclear fuel rod comprises a tube electrode 20 in which a cladding tube 11 and a plug electrode 30 can move horizontally with respect to the electrode tube 20, wherein the plug electrode 30 fixes and supports an end plug 12, so that the end plug 12 is aligned with the longitudinal axis C of the sheath tube 11. The reference number " 13 "indicates a spring resiliently supporting a pellet in the cladding tube. The plug electrode 30 can be moved forwards / backwards by a support body (not shown), the resistance welding is performed on the sheath tube 11 and the end plug 12 by a welding current applied between the tube electrode 20 and the plug electrode 30, the plug electrode 30 being pushed forward and a ring-shaped projecting welding bead 14 being formed in the soldered part.
A monitoring system of the present invention determines whether the welding is bad or not, by detecting and analyzing welding information such as amperage, voltage, and welding force while pressure welding is performed on the tube. cladding and the end cap, as described above.
In detail, the reasons for a "non-welded part" and "cracking of the welded part" that can be caused during resistance welding of a nuclear fuel rod can be divided according to the types of defect, namely, 1) mechanical defect of a resistance welding apparatus, 2) defect of an electrode, and 3) defect of a material.
For example, the mechanical defect of the resistance welding apparatus (1) may be due to poor welding due to a breakage of a lever of the electrode-carrying cylinder. The electrode-carrying cylinder lever plays a very important role in welding by fixing a tube electrode and a cladding tube, but even if a fatigue failure occurs due to repeated charging, it is difficult to determine the break in fatigue. In addition, other mechanical faults may include loosening of a bus bar connecting an electrode and an electrical element, the oxidation of a cable, and a malfunction of mechanical parts related to a compression speed of a cylinder electrode.
The defect of an electrode (2) can be caused by the existence or the fault of an insulator and the diameter of an electrode orifice due to the tolerance of the outside diameter of a cladding tube.
The defect of a material (3) can be caused by various reasons such as machining tolerances of a cladding tube, bending of a spring inserted into a nuclear fuel rod, improper surface machining at one end of a spring, and whether a spring is plated or not.
The present invention non-destructively determines the poor quality, in real time, by finding representative quality factors for defect reasons that can be generated during resistance welding of a nuclear fuel rod.
Referring to Figure 2, a monitoring system of the present invention includes a current sensor 110 for detecting a welding current, a voltage sensor 120 for detecting a welding voltage, and a welding force sensor 130 for detect the welding force applied to an end plug during welding, so that it measures in real time waveforms of current, voltage and welding force.
The current sensor 110 can measure the welding current using a sensor such as a toroidal coil and the welding force sensor 130 can be a common load cell. A signal processor such as a welding force indicator 131 may be provided for the welding force sensor 130.
Output signals from the current sensor 110, the voltage sensor 120 and the welding force indicator 131 are transmitted to a monitoring unit 200 and the monitoring unit 200 controls the quality of welding in real time by processing detected signals (waveforms, etc.). The monitoring unit 200 can calculate the welding time with welding information detected by the sensors and the welding time can be calculated from the moment the current flows.
In detail, the monitoring unit 200 in the present embodiment can estimate the welding quality of a fuel rod using the following quality factors. (PI) Intensity: Effective intensity of all detected waveform (P2) Voltage: Effective voltage of all detected waveform (P3) Full mean dynamic resistance: Average of dynamic resistance of all waveforms (P4) Whole mean heating value: Average heating value of all waveforms (BWO) Dynamic range resistance: Average dynamic waveform resistance for a specific period (BWl) Resistance gradient dynamic momentum: Gradient of instantaneous dynamic resistance by half-cycle (BW2) Gradient of the instantaneous welding force: Gradient of welding force of the first half-cycle
The average dynamic resistance can be calculated from the current and the voltage, and the heating value can be calculated from the voltage x intensity ^ x the welding time. The heating value information can be obtained by a heating value sensor which can directly measure a heating value by detecting the temperature of a welded portion.
In this embodiment, an instantaneous dynamic resistance (IDR) is calculated from the instantaneous intensity value, which is measured according to a predetermined sampling cycle for each half-cycle of a single-phase AC power for time. welding, and the instantaneous value of voltage synchronized with the instantaneous value of the intensity, which is expressed in the form of the following Equation 1.
[Equation 1] IDRj = Instantaneous Voltage Value (Vj) / Instantaneous Intensity Value (Ij)
Figures 3A-3C are graphs illustrating instantaneous dynamic resistance (IDR) and dynamic interval resistance according to one embodiment of the present invention;
In detail, with reference to FIGS. 3A-3C, the instantaneous intensity Ij and the instantaneous voltage Vj are measured at each predetermined sampling cycle for a feed half-cycle (T), in which the instantaneous intensity Ij and the instantaneous voltage Vj, which are data detected instantaneously at each sampling cycle, are measured at the same time in the same number.
The instantaneous dynamic resistance (IDR) is a dynamic resistance value determined by the instantaneous intensity Ij and the instantaneous voltage Vj, the overall mean dynamic resistance P3 equals the average of the dynamic resistance of all the waveforms, and the resistance BWO interval dynamics means the average of the dynamic waveform resistance at a specific period. In this embodiment, the dynamic interval resistance BWO means a resistance value calculated from the rms current and the rms voltage for half a cycle (T / 2) of power supplied, and it should be understood that the dynamic range resistance BWO is different from the average full dynamic resistance P3.
The instantaneous dynamic resistance gradient BW1 means the gradient of the instantaneous dynamic resistance (IDR) sampled at each half-cycle and therefore, two instantaneous dynamic resistance gradients BW1 'and BW1' 'can be obtained for a cycle (T). It is possible to use the instantaneous dynamic resistance gradient BW1 to determine the weld quality by comparing it with a reference value and the weld quality can be determined by comparing the minimum of a plurality of instantaneous dynamic resistance gradients BW1 'and BWl' 'with the reference value.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the waveforms of the intensity, voltage, and welding force detected during resistance welding according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to Figure 4, a welding waveform can be divided into five periods A, B, C, D, and E, and in the welding force graph, "+" means the compressive force and "-" means the pulling force.
For reference, the gradient of the instantaneous welding force which is a quality factor described above means the gradient of the welding force at the first half cycle in the detected instantaneous welding force.
Figs. 5A-5F are views merely showing the states of a cladding tube and an end plug in each pressure period during resistance welding according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 5A shows the state before welding, where the initial position of an end plug 12 is indicated by the reference of the reference line.
Referring to Figures 4 to 5F, period A is a welding period where the current begins to flow and increases, during which, since the contact resistance at a soldered portion is greater than the volume resistance, the temperature of the welded portion increases and the ductility of the contact surface increases. In addition, the welding force is greater than the resilient force of the spring 13 and the expansion force of the welded portion due to heat, so a tensile stress is generated.
Period B is a welding period where the intensity continues to decrease, in which the temperature in the welded portion and the volume portion increases, so that the volume of the welded portion increases. The resilient force of the spring and the expansion force of the welded portion due to heat are greater than the welding force, so a compressive stress is generated.
Period C is a cooling period without flow of current, in which the temperature of the welded part decreases and the welded part partially solidifies with a reduction of volume of the welded part. In addition, the resilient force of the spring and the expansion force of the welded portion due to heat are greater than the welding force, a tensile stress is generated, in which the tensile stress is lower than the tensile stress. of period A.
Period D is a welding period where the intensity continues to decrease, in which the temperature in the welded part and the volume part increases, so that the volume of the welded part increases. In addition, the resilient force of the spring and the expansion force of the welded portion due to heat are greater than the welding force, a compression stress is thus generated, in which the compression stress is lower than that of the period B.
Finally, the period E is a welding period where the intensity decreases, in which a welded portion is formed, the surrounding volume resistance increases, and a slight tensile stress is generated.
Since the cladding tube and the end cap are welded at a short welding period of one cycle, they can be welded at high frequency and it is possible to more reliably determine the quality, ie if whether or not there is a fault, by calculating the gradient of the instantaneous pressure BW2 with the dynamic interval resistance BWO and the gradient of the instantaneous dynamic resistance BW1.
In particular, the quality factors described above are classified into static factors and dynamic factors to determine whether or not there is a defect.
In detail, the static factors are the PI intensity, the P2 voltage, the total average dynamic resistance P4, and / or the total average heat value P4 in the present invention. The static factors are essentially detected and compared to the reference values, and then, if the factors do not satisfy a reference range, a fault is determined, or if the factors respect the reference range, the dynamic factors are compared with the values. of reference, thus determining secondly a defect.
The dynamic factors include the dynamic resistance BWO, the gradient of the instantaneous dynamic resistance BW1, and / or the gradient of the instantaneous welding force BW2 in the present invention and in particular necessarily include the gradient of the instantaneous welding force BW2.
Model of analysis on a bad welding
Eight tests for representative bad welding conditions that cause poor soldering or cracking in a welded portion have been made and may simply be shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
The tests were performed under normal conditions and default conditions (*) and the reasons for the quality factors described above were observed.
Test 1 - Quality factor model due to welding intensity change
Referring to Figures 6A-6D, it can be seen that as the welding intensity changes, the patterns change in intensity, voltage, instantaneous dynamic resistance (IDR), and instantaneous welding force ( F) and it has been observed that the change in welding force has also been influenced by the heating value. It was observed that when the welding was performed at a high intensity (18kA), the peak voltage was not high compared to a normal case, therefore, the instantaneous welding force (IF) was also low, but was not much changed by the heating value.
Table 2 shows the model trends of the dynamic range resistance BWO, the instantaneous dynamic resistance gradient BW1, and the instantaneous welding force gradient BW2, in which the directions of the arrows signify "higher" and "lower" than normal conditions and the numbers of the arrows signify the amplitude.
[Table 2]
Test 2 - Quality Factor Model due to Welding Force Change
Referring to FIGS. 7A-7D, the trends in intensity, voltage and instantaneous dynamic resistance (IDR) with a change in welding force were slightly different, but it can be seen that the welding force instantaneous (IF) has a remarkable tendency. Although the trend is significant with a lower welding force (2kN), it was little different from a normal tendency to maximum welding force (4.8kN).
As can be seen in Table 3, it can be seen that the instantaneous welding force gradient exhibited a considerable tendency with respect to other quality factors.
[Table 3]
Test 3 - Quality factor model due to the use of an anode
Referring to Figure 8, when the degree of oxidation of an anode is large, the intensity then tends to fall, but this test was carried out in a range without change of intensity. Current and voltage have not changed, but slight changes in Instantaneous Resistance (IDR) and Instantaneous Welding Strength (IF) have been observed and Table 4 below shows trends.
[Table 4]
Test 4 - Quality Factor Model Due to Decrease of End Cap Diameter
Referring to Figures 9A to 9D, it can be seen that when an end cap and a small diameter cladding tube have been welded, there has been little change in intensity and voltage, but the Instantaneous welding force (IF) has shown a considerable trend.
It can be seen from the following Table 5 that the dynamic welding force gradient BW2 has changed considerably compared to other quality factors.
[Table 5]
Test 5 - Quality Factor Model by Large Diameter Electrode Orifice The electrode is made of copper alloy in a large diameter electrode orifice, so it is flexible and can be easily used and there is a large diameter tolerance of a cladding tube. Therefore, this test was performed to reproduce the defect, when welding was performed with a large diameter electrode orifice. Referring to FIGS. 10A-1D, when the holes of an electrode are large, the electrode may not firmly fix the cladding tube, so the intensity becomes unstable and a low instantaneous (IF) weld force been found. In this test, since a static welding machine has been used, it can be seen that the voltage has increased to the maximum to compensate for the drop in intensity. So, there was not a big difference in the dynamic resistance model.
[Table 6]
Test 6 - Quality Factor Model Due to the Breakage of the Electrode Bearing Cylinder Lever
The electrode carrier cylinder lever which fixes an electrode and a cladding tube plays an important role in welding. However, a fatigue failure can be caused by a repeated load, so it is very difficult to find the fatigue break and maintain the electrode carrier cylinder lever. Therefore, this test was performed after artificially removing the part where the fatigue failure had occurred and the lever was extremely bent to find the type of defect.
Referring to Figures 11A-IID, there was no large change in intensity, voltage, and dynamic resistance, but the instantaneous welding force (IF) exhibited a trend. As can be seen in the following Table 7, it can be seen that the BW2 instantaneous welding force gradient of the dynamic factors exhibited a very significant trend.
[Table 7]
Test 7 - Quality Factor Model Due to Thickness Reduction of the Fuel Bar
A bypass was made at one end of a cladding tube before a fuel rod and an end plug were welded to facilitate contact with the end plug during welding. The machining is done with a uniform thickness, but if the machining is concentrated on a part or is excessively done with welding, welding cracks may appear. Therefore, this test was performed on the influence of a decrease in the thickness of a fuel rod.
Referring to FIGS. 12A-12D, there was no large difference in intensity, voltage and dynamic resistance, but the instantaneous welding force (IF) exhibited a trend.
As can be seen in the following Table 8, it can be seen that the dynamic welding moment force gradient BW2 of the dynamic factors exhibited a very significant trend, compared with other quality factors.
[Table 8]
Test 8 - Quality factor model due to breakage of the insulator
An electrical leak is generated intermittently due to the breakage of an insulator for fixing a bus bar. A test was performed with an insulator removed to reproduce this phenomenon. The test was performed without the bolt and isolator for two lower terminals on four terminals. Trends were not clear in this test. This is determined by whether there is a bolt or not and is considered to be due to the fact that the welding was done with a bolt removed when inserting an insulator at a junction with a bolt so the possibility of an electrical leak is low. However, as can be seen in the following Table 9, the dynamic range resistance BWO has shown a trend, which remains low.
[Table 9]
Fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a monitoring method of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 14, a method for controlling the resistance welding quality of a nuclear fuel rod of the present invention comprises: a first step of detecting the welding information including the voltage, intensity and welding force in a pressure resistance welding process of a cladding tube and an end plug (SIO); a second step of comparing static factors obtained by calculating effective values for the welding information with predetermined reference values, respectively (S20); a third step of calculating dynamic factors for the welding information, including the instantaneous welding force gradient (S30), when the reference values are satisfied in the second step (S20); and a fourth step of determining whether or not there are defects in the welding quality by comparing the dynamic factors (S40).
In the first step (SIO), while the resistance and pressure welding is performed on a cladding tube and an end plug, sensors detect welding information including voltage, current, and welding force. the welding information is transmitted to the monitoring unit 200.
The second step (S20) is composed of a step of obtaining static factors PI, P2, P3, and P4 by calculating effective values for the welding information (S21) and a step of comparing the static factors PI, P2, P3, and P4 with predefined reference values, respectively (S22). When the static factors PI, P2, P3, and P4 are outside the reference ranges of the reference values, the existence of a fault is determined.
In the third step (S30), when the reference value ranges are satisfied in the second step (S20), dynamic factors P5, P6, and P7 for the welding information including the gradient of the instantaneous welding force are calculated. .
In the fourth step (S40), it is determined whether there is a defect in the welding quality or not by comparing the dynamic factors P5, P6, and P7.
The fourth step (S40) may include a step of calculating the sum total of the values by quantizing the dynamic factor models (S41). For example, as described in the tests, when dynamic factors are in the normal ranges, 10 points are given, but when they are not in the normal ranges, 0 points are given, whereby the total points of the quality can be obtained.
Then, it is determined whether or not there is a defect in the weld quality by comparing the total points of the dynamic factors with a predetermined reference value. In this embodiment, the "normal" value is determined when the total of points is 30 or more (S42), a "warning" is determined when the total of points is in the range of 10 to 30 points (S43) , and a "default" is determined when the total points are 10 or less.
When dynamic factor models are quantified in the process of calculating total points of dynamic factors, a weight can be assigned to dynamic factors.
In the present embodiment, as can be seen from the tests, it can be seen that the instantaneous welding force gradient of a plurality of quality factors is very effective in determining the poor quality, and therefore, it can be determined whether or not there is a defect by giving more weight to the gradient of the instantaneous welding force when calculating the total points.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments and accompanying drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. 'invention.

权利要求:
Claims (4)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
A method of monitoring the resistance welding quality of a nuclear fuel rod, said method comprising: a first step of detecting welding information, including voltage, current, and welding force in a resistance and pressure welding process of a cladding tube and an end plug / a second step of comparing static factors obtained by calculating rms values for the welding information with predetermined reference values, respectively ; a third step of calculating dynamic factors for the Welding Information including an instantaneous welding force gradient; and a fourth step of determining whether there is a defect in the weld quality or not by comparing the dynamic factors.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
The method of claim 1, wherein the instantaneous welding force gradient is a gradient of the welding force to a first power half cycle provided.
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
The method of claim 1, wherein the fourth step is performed on the basis of a sum total of values obtained by dynamic factor quantization models.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
The method of claim 3, wherein the quantized values for the dynamic factors are weighted.

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RU2016136628A3|2018-03-16|

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FR3049882B1|2020-10-30|

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US20170291249A1|2017-10-12|

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法律状态:
2017-12-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2019-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

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2020-01-17| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20200117 |

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2020-12-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |

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2021-12-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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KR1020160045170A|KR101798110B1|2016-04-12|2016-04-12|Method for monitoring of resistance welding quality of a nuclear fuel rod|

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