• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device (10) for projecting a fluid onto a surface to be treated (15), comprising: - a drone (11) incorporating remote control means (12), - at least one projection means fluid (14a-14g) integral with said drone (11) and for projecting said fluid on said surface to be treated (15), - a fluid pressurization unit (16), and - a fluid supply pipe (17). ) connecting said drone (11) to said fluid pressurizing unit (16), - said pressurizing unit (16) having means (20) for progressively varying a pressure (P) in said feed pipe to fluid (17).
    公开号:FR3048415A1
    申请号:FR1651758
    申请日:2016-03-02
    公开日:2017-09-08
    发明作者:Thierry Froidure
    申请人:Thierry Froidure；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DEVICE FOR PROJECTING A FLUID AND ASSOCIATED METHOD
    Technical area
    The present invention relates to a device for projecting a fluid and a method using said device. The invention more particularly relates to the projection of a fluid by an unmanned aircraft, commonly known as a drone.
    The present invention relates to the field of surface treatment by spraying a fluid. All types of surfaces can be treated by the device, such as roofs, walls or floors. The projected fluid may be water, air, paint or any other known fluid.
    Advantageously, the invention can be implemented for the cleaning of roofs by water projection incorporating or not an additive such as a detergent.
    Previous art
    A drone designates a device operating without a pilot, autonomously or remotely controlled. It can be intended to carry useful payloads especially for monitoring missions or information.
    Recent developments in drones have made it possible to consider new applications for these aircraft, such as parcel delivery or advertising.
    International Patent Application No. WO 2014/80385 describes a device comprising a set of drones used to extinguish a fire dangerously accessible to humans. To do this, a fire hose is supplied with water by a tanker truck. Contrary to practice, this fire hose is not routed by firefighters but by drones that carry the fire hose when flying. The fire hose is held on the lower legs of the drones between the tank truck and the fire to be extinguished. The plurality of drones makes it possible to distribute the weight of the fire hose. Firefighters then control the position of the drones to ensure the extinction of the fire.
    This device makes it possible to limit the risks incurred by firefighters in extinguishing a fire. However, this device is not used by firefighters despite the advantages it has because it is particularly difficult to stabilize the drones near a fire given the pressure flowing in a fire hose.
    Indeed, the propulsion of water at the end of the fire hose has the effect of propelling the drone in the opposite direction of propulsion of water by the fire hose. It follows that it is virtually impossible to stabilize drones near a fire with the teachings of International Patent Application No. 201480385.
    The technical problem of the invention consists in stabilizing a drone projecting a fluid under pressure.
    Expose the invention
    The present invention aims to solve this technical problem by using a pressurizing unit comprising means gradually varying the pressure in a fluid supply pipe carried by the drone. This gradual variation makes it possible to limit the pressure differences in the feed pipe and thus limit the forces required for the drone to stabilize its position. For this purpose, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a device for projecting a fluid onto a surface to be treated, comprising: - a drone incorporating remote control means, - at least one solidarity fluid projection means said drone and for projecting said fluid on said surface to be treated, - a fluid pressurization unit, and - a fluid supply pipe connecting said drone to said fluid pressurization unit. The invention is characterized in that the pressurizing unit comprises means for progressively varying the pressure in said fluid supply pipe. The invention limits the pressure variations in the fluid supply pipe which limits the forces applied to the drone. It follows that it is easier to stabilize the drone and thus to control the projection of the fluid on the surface to be treated. The invention therefore makes it possible to project any type of fluid conveyed by a fluid supply pipe to the position of the drone. The fluid may be water, air, paint or any other known fluid. For example, cleaning can be done by water associated with detergent. The device can thus treat all types of surfaces, including inaccessible surfaces such as roofs or high walls.
    For example, to clean a roof, it is conventional to position a scaffold so that a worker can climb on the roof and clean the tiles with a high pressure jet. This process is particularly long and entails the risk of falling from the worker and the risk of breaking tiles under the weight of the worker. The invention solves these problems by the use of a drone controlled remotely by an operator to clean the roof with a high pressure jet flying above the roof.
    According to one embodiment, the drone integrates means for measuring and stabilizing its position, said stabilizing means being configured to absorb the accelerations generated by the pressure variations coming from the at least one fluid projection means. This embodiment makes it possible to use the engines of the drone to compensate for the pressure coming from the at least one fluid projection means. It follows that it is not necessary to use ancillary equipment on the drone to compensate for the pressure, which limits the load of the drone and improves maneuverability.
    According to another embodiment, the device comprises at least one fluid counter-projection means integral with the drone and configured to project a fluid in a direction opposite to a projection direction of T at least one projection means so as to absorb at least less in part the accelerations generated by the pressure variations from the at least one fluid projection means.
    This embodiment makes it possible to fight against the forces generated by the pressure variations originating from at least one fluid projection means. It follows that the drone is not or little affected in its flight behavior by pressure variations.
    According to one embodiment, the device comprises at least two fluid projection means mounted on a ramp fixed on said drone. The ramp allows linear positioning of the projection means in order to perform a linear scan of the surface to be treated.
    According to one embodiment, the ramp comprises means for measuring a thrust exerted on said ramp by the fluid spraying means and stabilization means configured to absorb the accelerations generated on said ramp by the pressure variations resulting from the at least one fluid projection means.
    This embodiment also makes it possible to fight against the forces generated by the pressure variations originating from the at least one fluid projection means. It follows that the drone is not or little affected in its flight behavior by pressure variations.
    According to one embodiment, the stabilization means of said ramp are made by at least two motors arranged at two opposite ends of said ramp. Alternatively, a single motor can be used, it is then positioned substantially in the center of the ramp.
    This embodiment thus makes it possible to ensure an efficient and uniform maintenance of the drone along the entire length of said ramp despite the forces exerted on the latter.
    According to one embodiment, the device comprises a support system of said supply pipe for conveying said supply pipe between said fluid pressurization unit and the altitude of said surface to be treated. This support system can be, for example, a telescopic mast or a nacelle.
    This embodiment thus makes it possible to support and guide said supply pipe to reach the projection ramp of the drone by limiting the risk of contact between the supply pipe and the surface to be treated.
    According to one embodiment, the device comprises a winder attached to an upper end of said support system and configured to limit the length of the supply pipe between said drone and said winder. The retractor allows to wind and unwind said supply pipe without damaging it. This embodiment also makes it possible to limit the risk of contact between the supply pipe and the surface to be treated.
    According to one embodiment, the device comprises a camera disposed at an upper end of the support system and oriented to transmit a video stream integrating the drone and the surface to be treated.
    The video stream is preferably transmitted to an operator controlling the trajectory of the drone. This embodiment thus allows the operator to control the progress of operations and to control the position of the drone for precise maneuvers on the surface to be treated.
    According to one embodiment, the device comprises: - a power supply unit, and - a power supply cord connecting said drone to said power supply unit.
    This embodiment thus makes it possible to power the drone from the ground electrically using a power supply cord that can be coupled with the fluid supply pipe. It follows that the drone can fly for a longer time than conventional drones powered by batteries. In addition, this embodiment also reduces the weight of the drone compared to conventional drones incorporating batteries.
    According to one embodiment, said means for progressively varying the pressure in said fluid supply pipe are configured to generate a pressure of between 50 and 500 bar. This embodiment makes it possible to project a high-pressure fluid, that is to say one whose pressure is greater than 50 bars.
    According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of treating a surface by means of a device according to the first aspect of the invention, the method comprising the following steps: positioning said drone on said surface to be treated; aligning a ramp of said drone relative to a reference frame of said surface to be treated, - controlling the pressurization of said fluid supply pipe, - progressive evolution of the pressure in said fluid supply pipe, and - when the phase of progressive evolution of the pressure is complete: displacement of said drone along a first dimension of said surface to be treated until forming a first treatment band, and when said drone has swept all said first dimension of said surface to process, repositioning said drone on a second treatment band and reiterating the previous step, - when all said surface is treated, a stopping the pressure in said fluid supply pipe.
    According to one embodiment, said drone integrates a position sensor, the movements of the drone being automated according to a predetermined processing path and the measurement of said position sensor. This embodiment makes it possible to automate the treatment of the surface.
    According to one embodiment, stopping the pressure in said fluid supply pipe is achieved by gradually decreasing the pressure in said fluid supply pipe. This embodiment makes it possible to limit the destabilization of the drone during the stopping of the pressure.
    According to one embodiment, a camera integrated in said drone captures a video stream during the entire processing phase of said surface, a film being edited at the end of the processing operations of said surface to report work done.
    Brief description of the figures
    The manner of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages which result therefrom, will emerge from the following embodiment, given by way of indication but not by way of limitation, in support of the appended FIGS. 1 to 4 in which: FIG. a perspective view of a projection device according to a first embodiment of the invention used to clean the roof of a house; FIG. 2 illustrates a front view of a drone according to a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 3 illustrates a front view of a drone according to a third embodiment of the invention; and - Figure 4 illustrates a perspective view of a projection device according to a fourth embodiment of the invention used to clean the facade of a house.
    Detailed description of the invention
    A device for projecting a fluid 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 and comprises a drone 11 connected by a pipe 17 to a pressurization unit 16 disposed at ground level. The projection of the water is carried out by the drone 11 via nozzles 14a-14g mounted on a ramp 31 fixed on lower legs 13 of the drone 11. This drone 11 thus allows to project water, with or without additives, to clean a roof 15 by flying. The invention is characterized in that the pressurizing unit 16 comprises means 20 for progressively varying a pressure P in the pipe 17.
    For example, this pressurizing unit 16 may be a hydraulic pump comprising a pressurizing balloon whose capacity is defined according to the pressure P sought in the pipe 17. The pressurization balloon is then supplied with pressure by a pump configured by capturing water in a non-pressurized tank.
    The means 20 for gradually varying a pressure P in the pipe 17 are then positioned between the pressurization tank and the pipe 17 by means of a variable flow lock. For a desired flow in the pipe 17, the lock will be opened gradually to obtain the desired flow after a pressure rise phase. For example, for a pressure of 60 bar, the pressure increase phase can last 20 seconds. The rise in pressure can be configured to follow any type of evolution, for example a linear evolution or a logarithmic evolution. Preferably, the pressurizing unit 16 is configured to generate a pressure P, called high pressure, that is to say between 50 and 500 bar. In addition, the pressurizing unit 16 and the means 20 for varying the pressure P can be of any known type without changing the invention. The invention makes it possible to obtain a gradual evolution of the pressure P in the pipe 17. For the purposes of the invention, a progressive change in the pressure P corresponds to a change in the pressure P incorporating a pressure increase phase, by example greater than 5 seconds. Thus, the pressure variations experienced by the drone 11 are limited.
    The stabilization of the drone 11 is ensured by the gradual increase in pressure of the pressure P in the pipe 17. In addition, a drone 11 generally incorporates means for measuring and stabilizing its position so as to stabilize the position of the drone 11 by flight even in the presence of wind. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, these stabilizing means are configured to absorb the accelerations generated by the pressure variations coming from the nozzles 14a-14g.
    In a variant, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a counter-thrust is exerted on the ramp 31 in order to limit the influence of the thrust P2 of the fluid under pressure, extracted from the nozzles 14a-14g, on the control of the drone 11 .
    This counter-thrust is exerted in a direction PI opposite the direction of the thrust P2 exerted on the ramp by the nozzles 14a-14g. To do this, the ramp 31 comprises means 32 for measuring the thrust P2 exerted on the ramp by the nozzles 14a-14g. These measuring means 32 control stabilization means as a function of the measured thrust P2. The stabilizing means are in the form of two propellers 34, 35 mounted on servomotors whose speed is controlled by the measuring means 32. These two propellers 34, 35 are arranged on the upper face of the ramp 31 and two opposite ends of the ramp 31. Alternatively, the number and position of the propellers 34, 35 may be different.
    Preferably, the speed of each propeller 34, 35 is determined independently according to the attitude of the ramp 31 with respect to a point of equilibrium E representing the center of gravity of the ramp 31. These two propellers 34- 35 make it possible to combat the pressure variations generated in the nozzles 14a-14g and thus make it possible to improve the stabilization of the drone 11 during its cleaning activity.
    In another variant, illustrated in FIG. 3, the counter-thrust is provided by the projection of a second fluid in the direction P0 opposite to the direction P2 of the projection of water by the nozzles 14a-14g. For example, the pipe 17 may comprise two chambers, a first chamber carrying the water for the nozzles 14a-14g and a second chamber conveying air under pressure. The pressurized air is projected on the upper face of the ramp 31 by at least two nozzles 30 arranged, for example, at two opposite ends of the ramp 31. In this embodiment, the air is also injected into the pipe 17 by a pressurizing unit comprising means for gradually varying the air pressure. The pressure of the air is then injected into the pipe 17 with a progression corresponding to the progression of the variation of the water.
    The drone 11 comprises four propellers 50 rotated by servomotors 51 fed by a central unit (not shown). The drone 11 is controlled by an operator 23 by means of a remote control 21 integrating wireless communication means 22 connected with wireless communication means 12 of the central unit. Alternatively, the structure of the drone 11 can change without changing the invention. For example, the drone may comprise six propellers 50, eight propellers 50, or more.
    Preferably, the remote control 21 also receives video information from a camera (not shown) integrated in the drone 11 and connected to the central unit. A second camera 42 is connected to the remote control 21 so as to transmit a second video information to the operator 23.
    This second camera 42 is positioned close to the roof 15 so as to display the drone 11 and at least a portion of the roof 15. The operator 23 then controls the movements of the drone 11 according to the information received by the two cameras.
    The drone 11 thus works in a semi-automated manner and the cleaning of the roof 15 is carried out without the operator 23 climbing on the roof 15. The water is conveyed to the ramp 31 of the drone 11 by a pipe 17 conventional, whose characteristics are determined according to the pressure sought in the pipe 17. For example, the pipe 17 may be made of rubber, polyurethane, vinyl or recycled rubber.
    The pipe 17 is mounted at the level of the roof 15 by a telescopic mast 40 composed of at least three deployable segments 40a-40c. The two upper segments 40a-40b can retract into the lower segment 40c so as to store the telescopic mast. The telescopic mast 40 can be made in any known manner.
    For example, the telescopic mast 40 is made of aluminum alloy so as to reduce weight and withstand weather variations.
    The telescopic mast 40 thus forms a structure for holding the pipe 17 so as to convey the pipe 17 at the level of the roof 15. In a variant, this holding structure can be produced by a nacelle, a helium inflated balloon or a other drone. The upper end of the telescopic mast 40 also supports and positions the second camera 42. The device 10 comprises a retractor 41 attached to the upper end of the telescopic mast 40 and configured to limit the length of the pipe 17 between the drone 11 and the telescopic mast 40 so that the pipe 17 does not disturb the work of the drone 11 and does not touch the tiles of the roof 15. The pipe 17 is thus conveyed from the ground to the ramp 31 of the drone 11.
    In the example of Figure 1, the ramp 31 of the drone 11 has a tubular shape of rectangular section, the underside is provided with six rotatable nozzles 14a-14g regularly spaced. For example, the ramp 31 may have a length of Im. Alternatively, the shape of the ramp 31 may be different.
    These rotary nozzles 14a-14g are preferably made of brass with a variable opening angle, for example greater than 20 °. The rotary nozzles 14a-14g are sized according to the desired cleaning pressure. For example, for a given pressure in the pipe 17, each rotary nozzle 14a-14g will be sized to emit an equivalent pressure of between 50 and 500 bar.
    Although each rotating nozzle 14a-14g has a circular projection surface, this ramp 31 allows the roof 15 to be cleaned by a substantially rectangular cleaning surface. The operator 23 then moves this rectangular cleaning surface to quickly cover the entire surface of the roof.
    To clean a part of the roof 15, the operator 23 begins by positioning the drone 11 on the roof 15, for example at the top left of a first pan. The ramp 31 is directed parallel to the ridge line of the roof 15. The pressure P is introduced into the pipe 17 by a user control of the pressurizing unit 16. This control of the pressurizing unit 16 can be carried out manually or wirelessly directly from the remote control 21. The pressure P then increases gradually in the pipe 17 until a desired pressure is reached. The desired pressure can be programmed or adjusted by the operator 23.
    When the desired pressure is reached, the water is transmitted to the ramp 31 by the pipe 17 and the water is distributed between the different rotary nozzles 14a-14g. A cleaning is then performed on a substantially rectangular area of the roof 15. This cleaning area is then moved by the operator 23 by controlling the position of the drone 11 from the remote control 21. The operator 23 then drops the drone 11 in the width of the roof 15 to reach the lower end of the roof 15. A complete band of the roof 15 is thus cleaned. A second juxtaposed band is then processed by moving the drone 11 at the top of the roof 15 with an offset corresponding to the width of the first band already treated.
    These steps are repeated until a whole part of the roof 15 is treated. Next, these steps are performed once again on the second part of the roof 15 opposite the first part.
    Finally, the pressure is extinguished in the pressurizing unit 16. Preferably, the decrease of the pressure P in the pipe 17 is also progressively carried out in this terminal phase.
    As a variant, the movements of the drone 11 can also be controlled automatically by an algorithm executed by the central unit of the drone 11 or by the system of the remote control 21. In this configuration, the drone 11 integrates a position sensor, for example example GPS type (global positioning system or "Global Positioning System" in the Anglo-Saxon literature). The accuracy of the position sensor is preferably of the order of one centimeter. By using a GPS position sensor, the accuracy of the position measurements is corrected by one or more fixed terminals whose position is known.
    To implement the automatic displacement algorithm, the operator 23 informs the dimensions of the roof 15 and the ramp 31 in a step prior to the cleaning of the roof 15. The algorithm then calculates the trajectory to be followed by the drone 11 to clean the entire roof 15 as quickly as possible. The drone 11 is then moved by the algorithm according to the predetermined trajectory and the position measurement of the drone 11 performed by the position sensor. The operator 23 then performs a check mission of the smooth running of the cleaning operations and can resume control of the drone 11 at any time.
    In addition, the roof 15 may include certain obstacles that only an operator 23 can clean, for example a chimney. The algorithm can be configured by stopping the progression of the drone 11 when the obstacle is reached so that the operator 23 performs a maneuver of the drone 11. When the maneuver is completed, the operator 23 can restart the autopilot drone 11. The invention thus makes it possible to clean a roof 15 without requiring the mounting of an operator on the roof 15. The cleaning carried out was presented with water but other fluids can also be used such as air or water incorporating treatment products. In addition, a camera integrated in the drone 11 can be used to capture a film illustrating the cleaning performed on the roof 15. The invention also allows to consider a large number of surface treatment application. For example, Figure 4 illustrates the application of a painting on a facade of a house. The fluid sprayed by the nozzles is then paint and the ramp 31 of the drone 11 is positioned vertically to form a vertical treatment band on the facade 15.
    In addition, contrary to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the drone 11 does not integrate its power supply with batteries but the drone 11 is powered by a power supply cord 45 connecting the drone 11 with a power supply unit. electrical 46 disposed on the floor. Preferably, the power cord 45 may be coupled with the paint supply pipe 17.
    Thus, the invention can be implemented for a wide variety of treatments in which the manual treatment can be replaced by an automatic or semi-automatic treatment.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Device (10) for projecting a fluid onto a surface to be treated (15), comprising: - a drone (11) incorporating remote control means (12), - at least one fluid projection means ( 14a-14g) secured to said drone (11) and for projecting said fluid onto said surface to be treated (15), - a fluid pressurization unit (16), and - a fluid supply pipe (17) connecting said fluid drone (11) at said fluid pressurization unit (16), characterized in that said pressurizing unit (16) comprises means (20) for progressively varying a pressure (P) in said feed pipe in fluid (17).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the drone (11) includes means for measuring and stabilizing its position, said stabilizing means being configured to absorb the accelerations generated by the pressure variations from the at least one medium of fluid projection (14a-14g).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device comprises at least one fluid counter-projection means (30) integral with the drone (11) and configured to project a fluid in a direction (PI) opposite a direction (P2) for projecting the at least one projection means (14a-14g) so as to absorb at least part of the accelerations generated by the pressure variations originating from the at least one fluid projection means (14a-14g). 14g).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the device (10) comprises at least two fluid projection means (14a-14g) mounted on a ramp (31) fixed on said drone (11).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Device according to claim 4, wherein said ramp (31) comprises means (32) for measuring a thrust exerted on said ramp (31) by said fluid projection means (14a-14g) and means for stabilization configured to absorb the accelerations generated on said ramp (31) by the pressure variations from the at least one fluid projection means (14a-14g).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Device according to claim 5, wherein the stabilization means of said ramp (31) are formed by at least two motors (34-35) disposed at two opposite ends of said ramp (31).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the device (10) comprises a support system (40) of said feed pipe (17) for conveying said feed pipe (17) between said unit fluid pressurizing unit (16) and the altitude of said surface to be treated (15).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Device according to claim 7, wherein the device (10) comprises a winder (41) attached to an upper end of the support system (40) and configured to limit the length of the supply pipe (17) between said drone (11) and said reel (41).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the device (10) comprises a camera (42) disposed at an upper end of said support system (40) and oriented to transmit a video stream integrating said drone (11) and said surface to be treated (15).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the device comprises: - a power supply unit (46), and - a power supply cord (45) connecting said drone (11) to said unit power supply (46).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said means for gradually varying the pressure (P) in said fluid supply pipe (17) are configured to generate a pressure (P) between 50 and 500 bars.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. A method of treating a surface by means of a device according to one of claims 1 to 11 comprising the following steps: - positioning said drone (11) on said surface to be treated (15), - alignment of a ramp (31) of said drone (11) relative to a reference frame of said surface to be treated (15), - control of the pressurization of said fluid supply pipe (17), - progressive evolution of the pressure (P) in said fluid supply pipe (17), and - when the phase of progressive evolution of the pressure (P) is completed: - displacement of said drone (11) according to a first dimension of said surface to be treated (15) until to form a first treatment band, and - when said drone (11) has scanned all said first dimension of said surface to be treated (15), repositioning said drone (11) on a second band of treatment and repetition of the stage previous, - when all said surface (15) are t treated, stopping the pressure (P) in said fluid supply pipe (17).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The method of claim 12, wherein said drone (11) incorporates a position sensor, the movements of the drone (11) being automated according to a predetermined processing path and the measurement of said position sensor.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the stopping of the pressure (P) in said fluid supply pipe (17) is achieved by gradually decreasing the pressure (P) in said supply pipe. in fluid (17).
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, wherein a camera integrated in said drone (11) captures a video stream during the entire processing phase of said surface (15), a film being edited at the end of processing operations of said surface (15) to report work done.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3048415B1|2019-06-14|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2017-03-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-09-08| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170908 |
    2018-03-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-03-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-03-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1651758A|FR3048415B1|2016-03-02|2016-03-02|DEVICE FOR PROJECTING A FLUID AND ASSOCIATED METHOD|
    FR1651758|2016-03-02|FR1651758A| FR3048415B1|2016-03-02|2016-03-02|DEVICE FOR PROJECTING A FLUID AND ASSOCIATED METHOD|
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