• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a thyroid phantom (1), the phantom comprising a body (2) comprising at least two parts (3, 4) defining between them a cavity (7) of a thyroid and means for fixing the two parts between they for sealing the impression, the phantom further comprising means for filling the imprint of a solution, said filling means comprising at least one channel (19, 20) extending from outside the body up in the imprint and means for hermetically sealing said temporary channel. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a thyroid phantom, a family comprising a plurality of such thyroid phantoms corresponding to different categories of human beings, a global phantom comprising such a thyroid phantom as well as a family comprising a plurality of such global phantoms. .
    公开号:FR3047162A1
    申请号:FR1650855
    申请日:2016-02-03
    公开日:2017-08-04
    发明作者:David Broggio；Tiffany Beaumont
    申请人:Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a thyroid phantom. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a thyroid phantom. The invention also relates to a global phantom comprising such a thyroid phantom. The invention also relates to a family comprising a plurality of such thyroid ghosts. The invention also relates to a family comprising a plurality of such global ghosts.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Anthroporadiometry of the thyroid consists in measuring X-type or y-type radiation emitted by the thyroid during the disintegration of radionuclides contained in the thyroid. The experimental measurement thus acquired is compared to a reference measurement, also called calibration measurement, which allows to deduce the various radionuclides present in the thyroid and their activities.
    The reference measurement is usually obtained by performing an anthroporadiometric study on one or more digital or physical ghosts. These ghosts are numerical or physical objects representing more or less schematically the thyroid and are usually filled with a solution acting as a source of radiation emission, source which proves of nature and known activity.
    This type of thyroid phantom is also used in other fields of imaging and medical dosimetry as anthropoporadiometry.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    An object of the invention is to provide a relatively simple physical thyroid phantom of manufacture and use which is also relatively anatomically realistic. An object of the invention is also to provide a method of manufacturing such a thyroid phantom. An object of the invention is also to provide a global phantom comprising such a thyroid phantom. An object of the invention is also to provide a family comprising several such thyroid ghosts. An object of the invention is also to propose a family comprising several such global ghosts.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    With a view to achieving this object, a thyroid phantom is proposed, the phantom comprising a body comprising at least two parts defining between them a print of a thyroid and means for fixing the two parts together to close in a sealed manner. fingerprint, the phantom further comprising means for filling the imprint of a solution, said filling means comprising at least one channel extending from the outside of the body to the cavity and means for hermetic temporary closure of said channel.
    In this way, the thyroid phantom can be made relatively easily by independent creation of these two body parts and attachment of these two parts to each other. In particular, the two parts of the body of the thyroid phantom can be manufactured separately by three-dimensional printing which allows a relatively easy and reproducible manufacture of the phantom.
    In addition, once mounted, the ghost can be filled with solution as well as left empty. It is thus possible to provide a client directly the ghost or the ghost with a particular solution inserted into the ghost. It is thus possible to consider filling the ghost with a particular solution, for example a radioactive solution, closing the phantom hermetically at the level of the filling channel, before delivering the whole to a customer who does not have the possibility or empowerment to provide directly for this solution.
    This facilitates the use of the ghost by the client.
    In addition, the ghost is relatively realistic from an anatomical point of view thanks to the impression of the thyroid. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a phantom comprising the following successive steps: three-dimensional numerical modeling of the body of the thyroid phantom, manufacture separately from each part of the body by three-dimensional printing using a 3D printer, cleaning each part of the body thus created from a lost material used by the 3D printer to form the imprint, assembling the two parts of the body together. The invention also relates to a thyroid phantom family having at least two thyroid phantoms as described above, each thyroid phantom being adapted to simulate at least the thyroid of a particular category of human beings. The invention also relates to a global phantom comprising a thyroid phantom as described above, the overall phantom comprising a ghost of a neck receiving the thyroid phantom, a phantom of cervical vertebrae received in the neck phantom and a spinal cord phantom received in the ghost of cervical vertebrae. The invention also relates to a global phantom family having at least two global ghosts as described above, wherein each global phantom is adapted to simulate at least the thyroid of a particular category of human beings.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood in the light of the following description of a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
    Reference is made to the attached figures, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the thyroid phantom according to a particular embodiment of the invention, the internal elements of the phantom being visible in dotted lines, FIG. in perspective section of the phantom illustrated in Figure 1, the view being an exploded view of said phantom, Figure 3 is a front view of the section shown in Figure 2, Figure 4 is a diagram showing the different steps of the process 1, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a series of thyroid ghosts, family comprising the thyroid phantom as shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 6 is a view of the thyroid phantom as shown in FIG. exploded in perspective of a global ghost comprising the thyroid phantom illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a series of global ghosts each comprising One of the thyroid ghosts of the family illustrated in FIG. 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the thyroid phantom according to the invention, generally designated 1, is here intended to be used for a calibration of anthroporadiometric measurements. This application is of course not limiting and it may be possible to use said phantom in the context of other applications as for calibration in other forms of imaging and dosimetry including, although not exclusively in the medical field, as in nuclear medicine or radiation protection.
    The thyroid phantom 1 comprises a body 2 which is here composed of a first part 3 and a second part 4. The lower face 5 of the first part 3 rests on the upper face 6 of the second part 4, said faces being of the same dimensions. The body 2 is thus shaped so that said faces (and therefore the boundary between the two parts) extend in a plane of normal axis Z. The Z axis is here substantially vertical, that is to say that said faces extending substantially horizontally. The Z axis symbolizes the head-to-toe direction of a human organism.
    The body 2 is preferably in a material suitable for use by a three-dimensional printer.
    The body 2 is here made of polymer material.
    Preferably, the body 2 is in a material which is further transparent. This makes it possible to monitor the various elements internal to the body 2 that we will see later.
    Preferably, the body 2 is in a material having X or gamma (y) ray transmitting properties close to that of human tissues.
    The body 2 is for example based on polymethylmethacrylate or polycarbonate.
    The two parts 3, 4 are shaped so as to define between them a closed footprint 7 and representative of a thyroid of a human body. It is recalled that the thyroid of a human organism has a general shape of butterfly and is thus composed of two symmetrical lobes located on both sides of the trachea, the two lobes being linked by a band of tissue called isthmus. The impression 7 is here shaped so as to comprise two lobes 8, 9 separated from each other by a cylinder 10 of axis Z of the body 2 simulating a human trachea (the cylinder is therefore not part of the footprint 7).
    Preferably, said cylinder 10 is hollowed out internally so as to form a tube extending along the Z axis and opening only at the lower face 25 of the second part 4 (the other end of the cylinder 10 is therefore non-opening at the upper face 6 of the second part 4). Thus formed, the cylinder 10 does not open into the cavity 7. The cylinder 10 has an outer radius Re and an inner radius Ri.Each lobe 8, 9 thus has a general shape of elliposoid parallel axis of revolution to the Z axis (the two lobes 8, 9 are thus vertical) delimited at its surface facing the other lobe by the cylindrical surface of axis Z. The two lobes 8, 9 are symmetrical relative to the Z axis. Each lobe 8, 9 is for example defined from the following general equations:
    Re is the outer radius of the trachea and x0, yo, z0, a, b and c are parameters defining the lobe concerned. The impression 7 is further shaped so as to connect the lower ends of the two lobes 8, 9 by an isthmus 11. The isthmus 11 is here shaped in a ring portion whose one end opens into one of the lobes 8 and whose other end opens into the other of the lobes 9. The isthmus 11 is however not opening into the cylinder 10.
    The ring portion is thus arranged in such a way as to have a center of revolution arranged on the Z axis and to have an internal radius equal to Re. The internal face of the ring portion thus ensures a continuity of the imprint. 7 between the curved face of the first lobe 8 and the curved face of the second lobe 9.
    This ring portion is for example defined from the following equations:
    Risth being the outer radius of the ring portion (Re being the inner radius of the ring portion equal to the outer radius of the cylinder 10) and hiSth the height of the ring portion. The imprint 7 thus described comprises the two lobes 8, 9 and the isthmus 11 and is closed.
    The aforementioned equations describing the imprint are from the model of Ulanovsky and Eckerman (described in particular in the article "Absorbed fractions for electron and photon emissions in the developing thyroid: fetus to five years old" published in the journal Radiation Dosimetry Protection Vol 79, Nos 1-4, pp. 419-424 in 1998).
    Preferably, these models of Ulanovsky and Eckerman are adapted to follow the new recommendations of the International Commission of Radiological Protection (better known under the acronyms CIPR or ICRP in English) being understood that the models of Ulanovsky and Eckerman are based on old ICRP recommendations. This adaptation can be done, for example, by applying a scaling factor to the Ulanovsky and Eckerman models to follow the new recommendations.
    Also preferably, these models of Ulanovsky and Eckerman are adapted to take into account the nature of a solution that would optionally be arranged in the footprint 7 including an acid solution and / or radioactive. This will ensure that the distance between the cavity 7 from outside is large enough that the corresponding walls can resist the attack of the solution (particularly at the wall forming the cylinder 10). 3, 4 of the body 2 are here arranged so that their border extends through the upper ends of the two lobes 8, 9. The lobes 8, 9 are therefore mainly formed in the second part 4 and in the first part in the first part 3 and the isthmus 11 is entirely formed in the second part 4 of the body 2.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the body 2 is shaped so as to have generally a rectangular parallelepiped shape of which a main lateral face 12 (as opposed to the upper and lower faces of the body 2 of normal Z axis) is rounded to simulate the curvature of a neck of a human organism.
    This allows the thyroid phantom 1 to be better representative of a human organism which allows for better reference measurements using said phantom.
    Preferably, the body 2 here also shaped so as to take into consideration the thyroid-neck distance of a human body, that is to say the distance separating the isthmus from the thyroid of the neck surface (in the case of the body 2, said distance is simulated by the distance separating the cavity 7 from the main lateral face 12).
    More preferably, the body 2 is also shaped to take into account the attenuation of the rays emitted by a human thyroid in adipose tissue surrounding said thyroid.
    Thus, the position of the impression 7 relative to the rounded lateral face 12 of the body 2 is configured to take into account both a thyroid-neck distance of a human body, the material forming the thyroid phantom 1 and the physical characteristics of adipose tissue of a human body, as we will see later.
    This allows the thyroid phantom 1 to be better representative of a human organism which allows for better reference measurements using said phantom.
    The thyroid phantom 1 comprises means for fixing the two parts 3, 4 of the body together to hermetically seal the impression 7.
    Thus, the thyroid phantom 1 is shaped so that it can be filled with a solution.
    Preferably, the fixing means comprise a first interlocking system 13 and a second interlocking system 14 each comprising a female portion 13a, 14a and a male portion 13b, 14b, one of the portions being carried by the first part 3 at the border between the two parts 3, 4 and the other portion being carried by the second portion 4 facing the other portion at the border between the two parts 3, 4 to ensure the interlocking of the two portions between them.
    This allows the two parts of the body to be well interleaved. In this way, the tightness of the thyroid phantom 1 is improved, in particular at a critical zone that is the border of the impression 7.
    In particular, the female portions 13a, 14a are loop-shaped orifices (along the Z axis) formed in one of the portions and the male portions 13b, 14b are corresponding relief loops extending from the other party. The portions are arranged so that the first interlocking system 13 surrounds the upper end of the first lobe 8 and the second interlocking system 14 surrounds the upper end of the second lobe 9. Thus for each interlocking system 13 , 14, the male portion and the female portion each surround the corresponding lobe on respectively one or the other of the upper face 6 of the second portion 4 and the lower face 5 of the first portion 3.
    The loops are for example in the form of a circular ring or in the form of an elliptical ring.
    In particular, the fixing means further comprise screws 15 ensuring the sealing of the two parts 3, 4 between them.
    The fixing means comprise for example four screws 15 which are arranged at the four corners of the upper face 16 of the first part 3 and whose rods extend from the first part 3 to the second part 4, in a respective direction parallel to the direction Z. The screws 15 are arranged so that the upper surfaces of the screw heads are flush with the upper face 16 of the first part 3. The body 2 thus comprises four orifices 17 for receiving the rods of the screws 15 (and therefore formed in the first part 3 and in the second part 4) and four housings 18 at the upper end of said orifices 17 (and thus formed in the first part 3) to receive the corresponding screw heads.
    Preferably, the fixing means also comprise glue (not visible here) arranged between the head of each screw 15 and the bottom of the housing 18 receiving said screw head 15.
    This improves the attachment of the two parts 3, 4 of the body 2.
    Preferably, said glue is in an acid resistant material.
    The glue is here based on polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate or a polyepoxide (a mixture of an epoxy resin and a hardener). The glue is for example Araldite glue (registered trademark).
    Preferably, the fixing means also comprise glue (not visible here) arranged inside the interlocking systems 13, 14.
    This improves the attachment of the two parts 3, 4 of the body 2.
    Preferably, said glue is in an acid resistant material.
    The glue is here based on polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate or a polyepoxide (a mixture of an epoxy resin and a hardener). The glue is for example Araldite glue (registered trademark).
    The thyroid phantom 1 further comprises means for filling the impression 7 (the two lobes 8, 9 and the isthmus 11) of a solution from outside the thyroid phantom 1.
    Said filling means comprise a first channel 19 extending from the upper face 16 of the first part 3 to the upper end of the first lobe 8 and a second channel 20 extending from the upper face 16 of the first part 3 into the upper end of the second lobe 9.
    The filling means also comprise means for temporarily sealing the first channel 19 and the second channel 20. For this purpose, the closure means comprise a first screw 21 to plug the first channel 19 and a second screw 22 to plug the second channel 20. The filling means are thus shaped so that the upper surfaces of the screw heads are flush with the upper face 16 of the first portion 3 of the body 2. The two channels 19, 20 thus each comprise a housing 23 at the end. upper channel concerned to receive the corresponding screw head.
    The screws 21, 22 of the filling means are preferably in an acid resistant material. Preferably, the screws 21, 22 of the filling means are furthermore in a material which does not diffuse or absorb little or no X or gamma rays.
    In this way, the thyroid phantom 1 is shaped so that it can be filled with a radioactive solution.
    This allows the thyroid phantom 1 to provide even more accurate calibration measurements in an anthroporadiometric study.
    Preferably, the screws 15 of the blocking means are also in an acid resistant material. Also preferably, the screws 15 of the blocking means do not diffuse or absorb little or no X-rays or gamma rays.
    All the screws of the locking means and the filling means 15, 21, 22 are for example made of nylon.
    The closure means also comprise a first seal (not visible here) arranged in the first channel 19 between the screw head 21 and the bottom of the housing 23 and compressed by said screw head 21 against the bottom of the housing 23 and a second seal (not visible here) arranged in the second channel 20 between the screw head 22 and the bottom of the housing 23 and compressed by said screw head 22.
    Preferably, said seals are in a material of lesser hardness than that forming the body 2. Also preferably, said seals are in an acid resistant material.
    This ensures a durable seal.
    The seals are for example based on rubber. For example, the seals are based on synthetic rubber of the family of fluorinated elastomers. The seals are here in Viton (registered trademark).
    According to a preferred embodiment, the thyroid phantom 1 contains a solution (not visible here) filling the cavity 7 of the thyroid phantom 1.
    The solution is preferably a radioactive solution.
    Preferably, the solution comprises at least one radionuclide simulating at least one of the I 131 (131 I) emission lines and having a longer life than I 131.
    Indeed, Iodine-131 is a radionuclide released in high concentration in the atmosphere in case of a nuclear incident easily fixing on the human thyroid. In addition, the emission spectrum of Iodine 131 has a relatively high energy line at 365 kiloelectron volts (82% emission) which is not or only slightly attenuated by the tissues of a human organism, especially the adipose tissue surrounding a thyroid. Therefore the detection of Iodine 131 is relatively easy by anthroporadiometry. It is therefore interesting that the thyroid phantom 1 can be adapted to provide a reference measurement related to this radionuclide. However, Iodine 131 has a shelf life of substantially 8.0228 days which is not sufficient for Iodine 131 to be used directly in the solution filling the thyroid phantom.
    In particular, the solution comprises Barium 133 (133Ba) as radionuclide.
    Such a radionuclide has a lifetime of substantially 10 and a half years which allows it to be used in the thyroid phantom. In addition, Barium 133 has an emission spectrum having an energy line also high of 356 kiloelectron volts (62% emission) so as to correctly simulate the behavior of Iodine 131.
    The concentration of Barium 133 in the solution is for example between 100 and 130 becquerel per gram to simulate a thyroid of a child and between 35 and 40 becquerel per gram to simulate a thyroid of an adult.
    Preferably, the solution further comprises at least one acidic component to place Barium 133 in an acid medium.
    This makes it possible to ensure stability and homogeneity of the solution due to the presence of the radionuclide Barium 133.
    The acid component is, for example, hydrochloric acid. The concentration of hydrochloric acid in the solution is for example between 2 and 16% and preferably between 2 and 5%.
    With reference to FIG. 4, the method for manufacturing the thyroid phantom 1 will now be described.
    The first step 101 consists in creating a three-dimensional numerical modeling of the body 2 of the thyroid phantom 1, with the aid of the equations mentioned above, to model the imprint 7, namely:
    The position of the impression 7 in the body 2 is also modeled, thus taking into account a thyroid-neck distance of a human organism, the material forming the thyroid phantom 1 and the physical characteristics of the adipose tissue of a human body. , using the following relation: X - Xtissu * (fJ-tissue // 0 with x Thyroid-neck distance from thyroid phantom 1,
    Xtissu the thyroid-neck distance of a human organism, μ the linear attenuation coefficient of the material in which it is desired to form the body of the thyroid phantom 1, and the coefficient of linear attenuation of the adipose tissue of a human body surrounding a human thyroid.
    In addition, the dimensions of the body 2, the cavity 7 and the relative position of the cavity 7 in the body 2 are adapted according to the type of category of persons to be targeted during the measurements made by the ghost. thyroid 1 thus achieved. For example, if one wishes to create a thyroid phantom 1 of an adult male, the different dimensions and relative position of the imprint 7 in the body 2 will be different than if one wishes to create a thyroid phantom 1 of a child.
    The ICRP recommendations make it possible, in particular, to adapt the aforementioned equations to the type of patient targeted at the level of the dimensions of the cylinder 10 of the body 2,
    the impression 7 as well as the relative position of the impression 7 in the body 2.
    In particular, said recommendations and the type of energy line that one wishes to study with the thyroid phantom make it possible to estimate xtissu and ptissu- For example, a linear attenuation coefficient of the adipose tissue of 0.1056 cm -1 is retained. for a high energy line of 356 kiloelectron volts (corresponding to that of the Barium 133 used in this case). In addition, for example, for an adult, a thyroid-neck distance of 0.5 centimeters is used.
    The second step 102 consists of manufacturing separately each portion 3, 4 of the body 2 by three-dimensional printing using a 3D printer. In a manner known per se, the 3D printer will use a lost material, such as a gel or a resin, to ensure the formation of the impression 7 inside the parts 3, 4 of the body 2.
    The third step 103 consists in cleaning each part 3, 4 of the body 2 thus created of the lost material covering or filling said parts. This step 103 is for example implemented using a jet of water under high pressure. It is noted that the construction of the body 2 in two parts 3, 4 makes it possible to easily and quickly clean said body 2 of the lost material.
    The fourth step 104 consists of forming the orifices (by drilling for example) and the housings intended to receive the four screws 15 of the fastening means and the two screws 21, 22 of the filling means.
    A fifth step 105 is to cleanse and degrease the body.
    The sixth step 106 consists in assembling the two parts 3, 4 of the body 2 together. The glue is applied at each housing 18 and in the interlocking systems 13 and 14, the two parts 3, 4 of the body 2 are then interlocked with each other at the level of the interlocking systems 13, 14, and the screws are then attached. Fixing means inside the orifices 17. It is noted that the interlocking of the two bodies 3, 4 at the interlocking systems 13, 14 facilitates the subsequent installation of the screws 15.
    The seventh step 107 is here to fill the footprint 7 of the solution. For example, the solution is contained in a syringe which is inserted into the body 2 successively at each filling channel 19, 20 until it reaches the impression 7. The contents of the syringe are then emptied into the impression 7.
    The eighth step 108 finally closes the filling channels 19, 20 by first applying the seals and then screws 21, 22 in the two channels 19, 20 to seal the cavity 7.
    Preferably, as shown in FIG. 5, the method according to the invention is implemented so as to manufacture a family of thyroid phantom 200 as previously described, each phantom being intended to serve as a standard for reference measurements for a particular age category of patient. Here, a family of four ghosts 200 is fabricated: a first phantom 201 associated with a five-year-old patient, a second phantom 202 associated with a 10-year-old patient, a third phantom 203 associated with a 15-year-old patient and a fourth phantom 204 associated with an adult patient.
    The dimensions of each phantom (in particular dimensions of the imprint, the body and the rounded isthmus-round distance 12 of the body symbolizing the neck-thyroid distance fixed by the transmission properties of the material of the phantom 1) are thus adapted so as to Simulate the thyroid of a patient of the age concerned by the ghost.
    It is thus possible to carry out multiple reference measurements. Advantageously, each thyroid phantom thus proves to be more representative of a human organism of a particular class, which makes it possible to obtain better reference measurements by means of said phantom.
    Referring to Figure 6, preferably, the thyroid phantom 1 is inserted into a global phantom 300.
    The global ghost 300 comprises a neck phantom 301, intended to simulate the neck of a human organism comprising the thyroid, which is here shaped into a cylinder of axis of revolution A parallel to the axis Z.
    The cylinder is for example defined by the following equations:
    with Rh the radius of the cylinder and CHo the height of the cylinder, CT corresponding to a foot-trunk distance of a patient associated with said neck phantom.
    The aforementioned neck equations and CT values are described in more detail for example in the article "Description of the mathematical phantoms" available at https://crpk.ornl.gov/resources/Mird.pdf and published by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 2005.
    The neck phantom 301 includes a first housing 302 in which the thyroid phantom 1 is received. This first housing 302 is formed in the cylinder so that the rounded lateral surface 12 of the thyroid phantom 1 itself forms a portion of the lateral face. of the cylinder, the lateral face of the thyroid phantom 1 opposite this rounded face 12 then resting against the inside of the cylinder. The first housing 302 is further shaped so that the upper face 16 of the first portion 3 of the thyroid phantom 1 rests against the inside of the cylinder and so that the underside 25 of the second portion 4 of the thyroid phantom 1 rests against inside the cylinder.
    In particular, the global ghost 300 comprises a base 312 on which rests the neck phantom 301.
    The base 112 is here shaped into a cylinder of axis of revolution A of the same radius RH as the radius of the cylinder of the neck phantom 301. The base 112 thus forms an extension of the neck phantom 301.
    Preferably, the neck phantom 301 comprises fixing means on the base 312.
    Typically, the fixing means comprise a first interlocking system 313, a second interlocking system 314 and a third interlocking system 315. Each interlocking system comprises a female portion and a male portion, one of the portions being carried by the lower face of the neck phantom 301 and the other portions being carried by the upper face of the base 312 to ensure the nesting of the neck phantom 301 and the base 312 between them.
    This allows the ghost 301 and the pedestal 312 to be well interleaved.
    Preferably, the fastening means further comprise glue arranged between the neck phantom 301 and the base 312.
    The glue is for example based on polyepoxide, polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate.
    The base 112 is preferably in a material that does not influence measurements made from the global ghost 300. The base 112 is thus made of plastic. The base 112 is for example polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate or polyepoxide.
    Preferably, the neck phantom 301 comprises a second central housing 304 which extends along the axis A and which opens on the one hand at the upper face 303 of the neck phantom 301 and on the other hand at the the lower face of the neck phantom 301 and thus of the pedestal 312. This second housing 304 has a section (in a sectional plane of normal axis A) drop-shaped whose central portion 305 is shaped in a central ellipse B arranged on the axis A and whose tip portion 306 extends in a radial direction, in the opposite direction to the first housing 302.
    The global ghost 300 comprises a phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307, a phantom which is of complementary shape to the second housing 304 and which thus extends along the axis A in the neck phantom 301. The phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307 is thus arranged to so that its lower face rests on the pedestal 312 and that its upper face 308 is at the same level as the upper face 303 of the neck phantom 301. It is noted that the pointed portion of this phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307 makes it possible to simulate the spinous process.
    Preferably, the phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307 comprises a central housing 309 which extends along the axis A and which opens at the upper face 308 of the phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307 and at the level of the lower face of the vertebral phantom 307. This housing 309 has a section (in a plane of section of normal axis A) circular center arranged on the axis A.
    The overall ghost 300 further comprises a spinal cord phantom 310, which phantom is of complementary shape to the housing 309 and which therefore extends along the axis A in the phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307. The spinal cord phantom 310 is thus arranged so that its lower face rests on the base 312 and that its upper face 311 is at the same level as the upper face 308 of the phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307.
    Preferably, each phantom of the global phantom 300 is in a material adapted to best simulate the physical characteristics (in particular here the X-ray or gamma ray transmission properties) of the organ which it is supposed to represent. For the neck phantom 301 and the thyroid phantom 1, the aim is a material that best simulates human tissue as already explained.
    For the phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307, the aim is a material that best simulates the bones and for the phantom of the spinal cord 310, the aim is a material that best simulates the spinal cord.
    For example, for the ghost of the cervical vertebrae 307, a human vertebra is formed of a spongy bone surrounded by a hard bone (cortical). If we determine the average density of these two bones, considering the proportion of cancellous bone and cortical bone given by the recommendations of the ICRP, we obtain for an adult man an average density of 1,427 grams per centimeters-3 and therefore a linear attenuation coefficient of 0.152 cm -1 for a high energy line of 356 kiloelectron volts (corresponding to that of Barium 133 used in the present case). A material with a linear attenuation coefficient close to this value is thus sought.
    In this way, the global ghost 300 includes the neck phantom 301, the pedestal 312, the thyroid phantom 1, the phantom of the cervical vertebrae 307 and the spinal cord phantom 310.
    An anthroporadiometric or nuclear medicine study can thus be done on the thyroid phantom 1 alone, or on the global phantom 300 necessarily including the thyroid phantom and all or part of the rest of the global phantom 300.
    It is thus possible to perform multiple measurements under different reference conditions. Advantageously, the global ghost 300 is more representative of a human organism which makes it possible to obtain better reference measurements with the aid of said phantom, in particular with regard to the thyroid phantom 1.
    Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7, when a family of 200 thyroid ghosts is created as illustrated in FIG. 5, each of these thyroid ghosts is inserted respectively into a global phantom.
    There is thus a global phantom family 400 as previously described, each phantom being intended to serve as a standard for reference measurements for a particular patient age category. Here, a 400 family of four ghosts is thus made in connection with the thyroid ghost family 200 described with reference to FIG. 5: a first phantom 401 associated with a five-year-old patient, a second phantom 402 associated with a patient of 10 years, a third 403 phantom associated with a 15-year-old patient and a fourth 404 phantom associated with an adult patient.
    The dimensions of each global ghost (and hence of each thyroid ghost, neck phantom, phantom of the cervical vertebrae and spinal cord phantom as well as the pedestal) are thus adapted so as to simulate a neck, a thyroid, a spinal cord and Cervical vertebrae of a patient of the age concerned by the ghost.
    It is thus possible to carry out multiple reference measurements. Advantageously, each global phantom thus proves to be more representative of a human organism of a particular class, which makes it possible to obtain better reference measurements using said phantom. The invention is not limited to what has just been described, but on the contrary encompasses any variant within the scope defined by the claims.
    In particular, although here the different ghosts (thyroid and global) are adapted to a particular age, ghosts can in addition or in replacement also be adapted to a particular gender female or male or in addition or replacement also be adapted to a particular pathology including, although not exclusively, related to the thyroid (hyperthyroid ...).
    The different materials mentioned may of course be different from what has been described. Of course, when it is desired to fill the footprint of a solution, care will be taken to choose the body materials, fixing means and filling means so that they are compatible with this solution or at least sufficiently resistant to this solution so that the phantom remains sealed and sealed for a lifetime of at least several years and preferably at least one year. The solution may equally well be liquid or semi-liquid (for example a resin or a gel).
    Although here the solution comprises Barium 133, the solution may replace or complement any other radionuclide including, although not exclusively, a radionuclide of interest in the fields of medical applications (anthroporadiametry, nuclear medicine, radioprotection. ..). The solution may thus for example comprise a pair Barium 133 and cesium 137. Furthermore, the solution may comprise a radionuclide simulating at least one of the emission lines of another radionucelide Iodine 131 in particular, although not exclusively, a radionuclide having an interest in the fields of medical applications (anthroporadiametry, nuclear medicine, radioprotection ...) such as Iodine 123.
    Although here, in terms of size, the thyroid ghosts are all identical within the same family, ghosts may be slightly different within the same family. A loop encompassing the two lobes for smaller thyroid ghosts (eg for children 5 years old) and loops each surrounding one of the lobes for larger thyroid ghosts (eg children over 5 years old and for adults). It will also be possible to adapt the shape of the filling channels to the volume of the cavity to be filled with solution.
    Similarly, although here in terms of dimensions, global ghosts are all identical within the same family, ghosts may be slightly different within the same family.
    Although here in a family of thyroid ghosts is associated a family of global ghosts, a family of thyroid ghosts may be associated with a single overall ghost, said overall ghost being shaped to individually receive each of the thyroid ghosts of the family of thyroid ghosts.
    The different ghosts may be different from what has been described. For example, although here the thyroid phantom has a recessed cylinder, the thyroid phantom may not include such a cylinder, the trachea then being for example simply represented by the space separating the lobes of the impression. The global ghost may not include a pedestal, the various ghosts being for example all received in housing neck ghosts with closed bottoms.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Thyroid phantom (1; 201, 202, 203, 204), the phantom comprising a body (2) having at least two portions (3,4) defining between them a cavity (7) of a thyroid and means of fixing the two parts together to seal the impression, the phantom further comprising means for filling the imprint of a solution, said filling means comprising at least one channel (19, 20) extending from the outside of the body to the imprint and means for hermetically sealing said channel.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Phantom according to claim 1, wherein the body (2) comprises a hollow cylinder (10) extending in the body between two lobes of the cavity (7) without crossing the cavity.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Phantom according to claim 1, wherein the body (2) is in a material suitable for use by a printer in three dimensions.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Phantom according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body (2) is shaped so as to have a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, a main lateral face (12) being rounded.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Phantom according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the imprint (7) is arranged in the body (2) so as to take into account a thyroid distance-neck of a human body.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Phantom according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the footprint (7) is arranged in the body (2) so as to take into account an attenuation of rays emitted by a thyroid in tissues of a human body.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Phantom according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing means comprise at least one interlocking system (13, 14) comprising a female portion and a male portion, one of the portions being carried by the first part. (3) and the other of the portions being carried by the second portion (4) facing the other portion to ensure the interlocking of the two portions together.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Phantom according to claim 7, wherein the interlocking system (13, 14) surrounds at least one of the lobes (8, 9) of the cavity.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Phantom according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing means comprise at least one screw (15) ensuring the sealing of the two body parts (3, 4) between them.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Phantom according to claim 9, wherein the fixing means further comprise glue arranged between the screw and an orifice of the body (2) receiving the screw.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Phantom according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filling means comprises a first channel (19) extending from the upper face (16) of the first portion (3) to an upper end of a first lobe (8) of the cavity and a second channel (20) extending from the upper face of the first portion (4) into an upper end of a second lobe (9) of the cavity.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Phantom according to claim 11, wherein the closure means comprise two screws (21, 22) respectively sealing one of the channels and two seals, each seal being arranged in the channel (19, 20) considered between the screw ( 21, 22) and said channel.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Phantom according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the phantom comprises a solution filling the cavity of the thyroid phantom.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    The phantom of claim 13, wherein the solution is a radioactive solution.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. The phantom of claim 14, wherein the solution comprises at least one radionuclide simulating at least one of the emission lines of Iodine 131 and having a longer life than Iodine 131.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. A method of manufacturing a phantom according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following successive steps: three-dimensional numerical modeling of the body of the thyroid phantom (101), manufacture separately from each body part by printing in three dimensions using a 3D printer (102), cleaning each body part thus created of a lost material used by the 3D printer to form the imprint (103), formations of the various orifices and housings (105) ) for receiving the closure means and the fixing means, assembling the two parts of the body together (106).
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    A thyroid phantom family (200) having at least two thyroid phantoms according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein each thyroid phantom is adapted to simulate at least the thyroid of a particular class of human beings.
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    18. A global phantom (300) comprising a thyroid phantom according to one of claims 1 to 15, the overall phantom comprising a phantom of a neck (301) receiving the thyroid phantom, a phantom of cervical vertebrae (307) received in the phantom of a neck and a spinal cord phantom (310) received in the phantom of cervical vertebrae.
    [19" id="c-fr-0019]
    The overall phantom (300) of claim 18, further comprising a pedestal (312) on which the neck phantom is arranged.
    [20" id="c-fr-0020]
    20. A global phantom family (400) having at least two global ghosts according to claim 18 or claim 19, wherein each global phantom is adapted to simulate at least the thyroid of a distinct particular human category.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3410939A1|2018-12-12|
    CA3011227A1|2017-08-10|
    US10448918B2|2019-10-22|
    JP6734383B2|2020-08-05|
    WO2017133957A1|2017-08-10|
    CA3011227C|2020-04-21|
    EP3410939B1|2020-03-04|
    FR3047162B1|2018-02-16|
    JP2019504365A|2019-02-14|
    US20190029633A1|2019-01-31|
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    法律状态:
    2017-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-08-04| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170804 |
    2018-02-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-02-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-03-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1650855A|FR3047162B1|2016-02-03|2016-02-03|THYROIDIAN FANTOM, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, GLOBAL FANTOM COMPRISING SUCH A THYROID FANTOME AND CORRESPONDING FANTOM FAMILIES|
    FR1650855|2016-02-03|FR1650855A| FR3047162B1|2016-02-03|2016-02-03|THYROIDIAN FANTOM, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, GLOBAL FANTOM COMPRISING SUCH A THYROID FANTOME AND CORRESPONDING FANTOM FAMILIES|
    JP2018540381A| JP6734383B2|2016-02-03|2017-01-26|Thyroid model, corresponding manufacturing method, whole model with such a thyroid model and corresponding model family|
    EP17701693.8A| EP3410939B1|2016-02-03|2017-01-26|Thyroid phantom, corresponding production method, overall phantom comprising such a thyroid phantom and corresponding phantom families|
    CA3011227A| CA3011227C|2016-02-03|2017-01-26|Thyroid phantom and manufacturing method|
    US16/072,591| US10448918B2|2016-02-03|2017-01-26|Thyroid phantom, corresponding production method, overall phantom comprising such a thyroid phantom and corresponding phantom families|
    PCT/EP2017/051605| WO2017133957A1|2016-02-03|2017-01-26|Thyroid phantom, corresponding production method, overall phantom comprising such a thyroid phantom and corresponding phantom families|
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