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    • 专利摘要:
    The device for correcting geometric differences of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly comprises: - acquisition means (10) by measuring the geometry of assembly surfaces of two parts intended to be assembled to each other with their respective joining surfaces facing each other, - simulation means (20) configured to simulate the assembly of the parts and to determine from data, at each measured point of a sampling of the interface, a thickness of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric differences (35) between said assembly surfaces, - additive manufacturing means (40) receiving simulation means (20) data representative of the thicknesses of the hollow volumes resulting from the geometric differences (35) between said assembly surfaces, and configured to deposit material on the assembly surface of at least one of the parts so as to fill, at the less in part, the hollow volume resulting from said geometric differences between said assembly surfaces.
    公开号:FR3046369A1
    申请号:FR1563462
    申请日:2015-12-30
    公开日:2017-07-07
    发明作者:Marc Douilly；Patrice Rabate；Hugo Falgarone
    申请人:Airbus Group SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the invention
    The present invention is in the field of the assembly of parts for producing a mechanical structure, and more particularly relates to a device and a method for correcting geometric differences in the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly. . State of the art
    The imperfections of the parts manufacturing processes lead to dispersions on the shapes and dimensions of the geometrical envelope of the parts produced, and consequently to differences between the geometry of their nominal surfaces, that is to say the geometry their theoretical surfaces sought, and the geometry of their real surfaces obtained after manufacture.
    Complex mechanical structures are often made by assembling several parts held together by mechanical links, assembly operations which are generally performed on one or more assembly stations.
    Because of the differences between the geometry of the nominal surfaces and the geometry of the actual surfaces of the parts, these assembly stations require means for geometric adjustment and adjustment of the shapes of the parts to be assembled, such as shims, filler sealants or machining remakes.
    The realization of a so-called "complete" mechanical connection, that is to say without any degree of freedom, between two parts, requires that the surfaces of the two parts facing each other in the assembly bear in on the other as perfectly as possible, that is to say so as to minimize the residual clearance at the interface of these surfaces and the stresses introduced by deformations of the parts during assembly. This assumes that both surfaces are geometrically complementary to their interface. By "interface" is meant the junction area of the parts, corresponding to the respective surfaces of these parts intended to be assembled facing one another.
    According to a first known method, the gap at the interface is eliminated by the local deformation of one or both parts, due to the forces introduced during the realization of the connection. The deformation, which may affect more particularly the least rigid part, is accompanied by changes in the state of mechanical stresses of the parts.
    This modification of the state of stress must be limited so as not to affect, in particular, the mechanical strength of the parts, and therefore of the mechanical structure. In addition in the case of rigid parts, it is not always possible to guarantee the deformation of the part to ensure the intimate contact of the assembled parts.
    According to another method, it is deposited at the interface of the two parts a polymerizable filling filler which when the parts are preassembled flue in the areas in which the contact between the parts is not assured, and thus fill the voids which would be formed in the absence of putty.
    However, the implementation of such mastics is restrictive and is not always possible depending on the forces to be transmitted in the junction and assembly elements used. In addition mastics having suitable structural properties are dense and it may result in a weight of the assembled structure, all the more embarrassing that it is not controlled.
    It is therefore desirable to control the geometry of the surfaces at the interface of the parts to ensure a level of deformation, and thus modification of the state of constraints, acceptable.
    This acceptable level of deformation is defined during the design of the structure by assembly specifications and can be expressed by specified limits on the maximum allowable geometric deviations of the surfaces at the interface of the parts to be assembled.
    In order to limit these differences at the interface of the surfaces of two parts to be assembled, it is known to measure the differences between the nominal and real surface geometries of a first part in order to determine the geometry of a nominal surface of a second piece to be manufactured, or to correct the geometry of a nominal surface of a second piece already manufactured. This is so that the differences between the geometries of the nominal and actual surfaces of the first part are compensated by the geometry of the nominal surface of the second part. Thus, the geometry of the nominal surface of the second piece is determined so that it is complementary to the geometry of the real surface of the first piece.
    The differences between the real and nominal surface geometry are generally determined by measuring the surface of the first part, for example using a three-dimensional measuring machine. Furthermore, the manufacture of the second part or the correction of the geometry of its nominal surface is typically performed by removal of material, that is to say, by machining.
    The operations of manufacturing a part or correcting the geometry of its nominal surface are relatively complex to implement in the case where this part is a thin part, for example a sheet, to the extent that the removal of material can substantially reduce the mechanical strength of the part. In addition, the correction operations may be impossible to achieve without affecting the integrity of the part if the thickness of the part becomes less than a minimum necessary for the transmission of the forces provided in the part.
    In addition, these operations require additional manipulations of the parts to be assembled, and therefore a significant loss of time in the production or assembly line.
    Presentation of the invention
    The present invention aims to provide a device and a method for correcting geometric differences of the surfaces of two parts to be assembled, at the interface of the assembly, in which the introduction of stresses, not sought, in the parts. to assemble is limited if not avoided.
    Another object of the present invention is to be integrated in a production or assembly line in an automated manner, at least in part.
    Another object of the present invention is not to require additional manipulation of the parts to be assembled.
    Another object of the present invention is to be implemented for any assembly of mechanical structure, in various cases of shapes and or materials of the assembled parts. For this purpose, the present invention aims, in a first aspect, a device for correcting geometric differences of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly, comprising: - acquisition means by the measurement of geometry two-piece joining surfaces intended to be assembled to one another with their respective joining surfaces facing each other; - simulation means receiving from said data acquisition means representative of the geometry of the surfaces assembly members, configured to simulate the assembly of the parts and to determine from said data, at each measured point of a sampling of the interface, a thickness of the hollow volume resulting from the geometrical differences between said joining surfaces; additive manufacturing means receiving means for simulating data representative of the thicknesses of the hollow volumes resulting from the geographical differences metric between said assembly surfaces, and configured to deposit material on the assembly surface of at least one of the parts so as to fill, at least in part, a hollow volume resulting from said geometric differences between said surfaces; 'assembly.
    Thanks to these features of the device, it is possible to correct the geometric differences of the surfaces to be assembled without degrading the mechanical strength of the parts to be assembled, insofar as only the added material is deposited on the assembly surface of at least one of the pieces to assemble. This material does not affect the integrity of the parts to be assembled, regardless of their shape or the material in which they are made. The mechanical resistance of the parts to the forces is thus controlled.
    In addition, the measuring means, the simulation means and the manufacturing means being adapted to respond to instructions issued by digital data carriers, the correction device is fully automatable.
    Data representative of the measured geometry of each assembly surface are materialized by sampling each of the surfaces of the interface.
    In particular embodiments, the invention also fulfills the following characteristics, implemented separately or in each of their technically operating combinations.
    In particular embodiments of the invention, the additive manufacturing means comprise a solid material deposition device of a carrier structure arranged to move said device.
    With this feature, the deposition device can be arranged facing the assembly surface on which material must be deposited, regardless of the shape of said surface, provided that said surface is accessible.
    In particular embodiments, the material deposition device comprises a material deposition head, secured to a support structure mounted on the supporting structure and arranged to move said head relative to said support structure.
    With this feature, the deposition head can be arranged facing the assembly surface on which material must be deposited, accurately and faster by avoiding the continuous movement of the carrier structure.
    In particular embodiments, the material deposition device comprises head control means adapted to drive the head relative to one of the parts, according to the data representative of the thicknesses of the hollow volumes resulting from the geometric differences between said assembly surfaces.
    Thus the head is adapted to be driven according to a predefined deposit path. According to another aspect, the invention aims at a method of correcting geometric differences of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly, comprising: a step of measuring the geometry of an assembly surface of each part to be assembled, - a step of simulating the assembly of the parts, from data representative of the measured geometry of the assembly surfaces, during which geometric differences are determined by calculation for a sampling of points between the surfaces of assembly at the interface of the two parts, from which geometric deviations are determined the characteristics of hollow volumes remaining between the assembly surfaces of the parts, - a deposition step of material, before the assembly of the parts, on a surface of assembling at least one of the two parts, so as to fill, at least in part, the hollow volumes between said surfaces resulting from the gaps s geometrical when the parts are assembled.
    Between the steps of measuring the geometry of the assembly surface of each piece to be assembled and the step of depositing material on the assembly surface of one of the pieces, none of said pieces requires manipulation.
    In particular embodiments, the step of simulating the assembly of the parts comprises a step of simulating positioning of the parts from the data representative of the measured geometry of the assembly surfaces, said data comprising corresponding data. the measured geometry of at least one singular point of the known and identifiable structure of each assembly surface for defining the position of simulated assembly surfaces relative to one another. By singular point of the structure, we mean a point, pre-existing or created for this purpose, of the identifiable structure of a part, for example a hole, an edge, a vertex, a marking, a target, etc.
    This step makes it possible to respect the positions that the parts must have in the assembly by taking into account the specified relative positions of the singular points of the parts.
    In particular embodiments, the step of simulating the assembly of the parts comprises a step of simulating the contact of the parts from the data representative of the geometry of the assembly surfaces, in which a contact is simulated between the surfaces. of assembly simulated with each other by a bearing, if necessary under a specified constraint taking into account the deformations of each of the parts, and without interpenetration of parts.
    This step makes it possible to simulate the assembly more representative of reality, in the sense that the shapes and relative positions of the assembly surfaces simulated with respect to one another, following this support, is representative of the position of the assembly surfaces of the parts, one relative to the other following their assembly.
    In particular embodiments, the step of simulating the assembly of the parts takes into account deformations of said parts under the effect of predetermined forces, introduced during assembly, in particular when the assembly is carried out by fasteners making a tightening.
    In particular embodiments, during the assembly simulation step, the hollow volume resulting from the geometric differences between the assembly surfaces of the parts is discretized into a predetermined number of layers of material to be deposited.
    Thus, a strategy for filling these hollow volumes can be established and integrated into a digital file. This strategy may consist in determining the trajectory of a material deposition device.
    Presentation of the Figures The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, given by way of non-limiting example, and with reference to the figures which represent: FIG. 1: a schematic view of means for acquiring the measured geometry of an assembly surface of a part to be assembled, - figure 2: a schematic view of additive manufacturing means and a part to be assembled, - figures 3 to 6: an illustration on an example of the successive operations for correcting differences in geometries between the two surfaces of the pieces in the area where the pieces are brought into contact by the assembly.
    Detailed description of the invention
    The present invention relates to a device for correcting geometric differences of the surfaces of two parts which are brought into contact during assembly of said two parts. These surfaces contacted, called "assembly surfaces" in the present description, are intended to be arranged facing each other during assembly of the parts.
    In the description and drawings reference will be made to the surfaces of the parts in contact. Although only said surfaces are shown, it should be understood that the parts may be of any shape and that the invention is applicable, for example, to thin parts such as cladding panels or to profiled elements or parts. large thicknesses and any shape, without particular limitations of dimensions and materials other than those that will be imposed by the means implemented.
    The correction device comprises acquisition means 10, by measuring, the geometry of the surfaces of at least two parts to be assembled, in an area of each of the parts whose surface must be brought into contact by the assembly with that of another room. The corresponding result of these measurements is referred to in the description as the "measured geometry" of the corresponding surface.
    The measured geometry of a surface is made on a part as obtained from its ready-to-assemble production, with a specified resolution and accuracy that depend on the accuracy sought for the corrections to be made. by the device. Preferably, the acquisition means 10 are automated.
    As illustrated schematically in FIG. 1 in a nonlimiting embodiment, the acquisition means 10 comprise a measuring device 11, for example without contact, known per se, mounted at the end of an articulated structure 12 suitable for moving said measuring apparatus 11. Said articulated structure 12 is intended to move the measuring apparatus 11 facing all the assembly surfaces, so as to acquire all of the measured geometry of these assembly surfaces.
    The measurement can be performed by any known apparatus and method, for example, without limitation, by laser telemetry, optical projection of fringes (shearography), optical interferometry, mechanical probe.
    The articulated structure 12 comprises, in the non-limiting embodiment schematically represented in FIG. 1, an articulated arm. For this purpose, the articulated arm comprises if necessary motor means adapted to drive the measuring apparatus 11 in rotation and in translation so as to have the number of axes of mobility necessary to perform the measurement.
    A carrier structure such as an anthropometric robot shown in Figure 1 allows for example to have at the level of the measuring apparatus, three translation axes and three axes of rotation.
    Thus, it is possible to acquire the geometry of an assembly surface of a part made, whatever its shape, by positioning the measuring apparatus 11 in an optimal position to perform the measurements.
    In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the acquisition means 10 are represented in a measurement position of the measured geometry of an assembly surface 30 of one of the parts to be assembled. For measurement purposes, each of the parts is preferably held in position on a measuring station which can also be an assembly station.
    The measurement of the geometry of the respective assembly surfaces of the two parts produced can be performed by the same acquisition means or by separate acquisition means. This latter alternative is of interest, for example, in the cases where the measurements are made when the two parts are located on two different production sites, so that the parts are measured at the end of a production cycle and can be delivered with a file, or a reference to a file accessible on a data server, characterizing the geometry of the surface for assembly operations.
    The acquisition means 10 are connected to simulation means 20 to which are transmitted data representative of the measured geometry of the assembly surfaces. These representative data of the measured geometry of the assembly surfaces represent a sampling of each of the assembly surfaces. These sampling points have a resolution corresponding to the resolution at which the measuring apparatus has carried out the measurement, which resolution will be modified if necessary by interpolation if a different resolution is preferable for the implementation of the steps following the measurements. of geometry.
    The simulation means 20 are configured to numerically simulate the assembly of the parts in order to calculate, by calculations, geometric differences between the measured geometries of the assembly surfaces of each of the parts.
    These differences have their origins mainly in dispersions in the manufacture of parts to be assembled.
    The simulation means 20 are configured to determine the shapes, dimensions and position of a "hollow" volume between the joining surfaces resulting from these geometric differences between the two pieces. According to particular, the measured geometries of the assembly surfaces of the two parts to be assembled, and their ability to deform during their assembly, this hollow volume can correspond to several distinct cavities separated by zones in which the assembly surfaces are in contact each other. In the rest of the text, reference is made to a single hollow volume resulting from the deviations, even though this hollow volume can be divided into several distinct cavities.
    It should be noted that the hollow volume is, in practice, relatively thin, the thickness, variable, corresponding to the distance separating the points facing each other on the two closely spaced surfaces, with respect to the dimensions of the surfaces of assembly. It should be noted here that an object of the invention is to correct dimensional imperfections associated with manufacturing dispersions or minor deviations from the nominal dimensions of the parts.
    According to an implementation method, the samplings are interpreted by the simulation means 20 to form a numerical model of the measured geometries of the assembly surfaces, for example, in the form of point clouds 31 and 32. A scatterplot 31 or 32 is associated with each assembly surface of which it constitutes a numerical model and is, for example, defined by the coordinates of the points of each cloud of points 31, 32 in a reference Ra, Rb attached to the piece of the cloud of points considered.
    Advantageously, the data representative of the measured geometry of each assembly surface comprise data corresponding to the position and or the measured geometry of known and identifiable singular structural points, such as holes, ridges, peaks, etc., or even reference elements positioned on the parts such as marks or targets, which are identified by the simulation means 20. These data corresponding to elements, points, lines, surfaces or volumes, are used to define reference points 33 and 34, preferably known from the assembly specification, for simulating a positioning of the point clouds 31 and 32, before assembly, by determining the position of the point clouds 31 and 32, one with respect to the 'other.
    In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, each cloud of points 31 or 32, and therefore each simulated assembly surface, is represented with two reference points 33 or 34. However, nothing excludes that each cloud of Points 31 or 32 comprise more or less than two reference points. Moreover, nothing excludes that the point clouds 31 or 32 comprise a number of reference points distinct from each other.
    The simulation of the assembly can be carried out by applying position requirements between the respective reference points 33 and 34 of the point clouds 31 and 32, in a manner analogous to the requirements for real positioning of a part with respect to the other, as defined by the parts assembly specifications. Thus the assembly simulation is representative of the assembly that must be actually realized.
    As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 in an example of assembly simulation, the simulation means 20 also have the definition of the nominal interface surface 37, defined in a proper reference frame Rc, representative of an assembly of parts with nominal dimensions.
    It is first performed, by simulation, an initial registration of the point clouds 31, 32 by the registration of the reference points on the nominal interface surface 37 (FIG. 4).
    In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the relative position of the respective reference points 33, 34 of the point clouds 31, 32 relative to one another is identical to the relative position of reference points 33 '. , 34 'that includes the nominal interface surface 37. Thus, the point clouds 31 and 32 are positioned relative to each other so as to meet the position requirements defined by the assembly specifications.
    Then at least one of the scatter plots corresponding to one surface is moved relative to the other scatter plot to simulate the non-intersecting contact of the two surfaces corresponding to said scatterplots (Fig. 5). In this displacement a minimum offset of the reference points with respect to the nominal surface is sought, for example by acting for each reference point by a displacement in a direction close to a direction orthogonal to an osculating plane of the nominal surface at reference point considered, and minimizing the amplitude of the displacements of the reference points, for example by searching for a minimum value of the quadratic sum of the distances of the reference points of the displaced surfaces at the corresponding reference point of the nominal surface (FIG. ).
    It should be noted that the positioning of the simulated assembly surfaces is carried out, if necessary, taking into account the forces introduced during the assembly of the parts and which, within the limits set by the assembly specifications. , are able to modify the geometry of the parts without these modifications being critical. The simulated surfaces will, if necessary, be simulated under mechanical stresses, in particular when the technique of the mechanical assembly of the parts will potentially create mechanical stresses. The simulation means 20 are therefore adapted to simulate the assembly of the parts, particularly considering the deformation capacity of the materials in which they are made.
    The position requirements, as defined by the assembly specifications, applied to the respective reference points 33 and 34 of the point clouds 31 and 32 may be such that said point clouds 31 and 32 are fixed relative to each other. the other.
    Alternatively, the position requirements applied to the respective reference points 33 and 34 of the point clouds 31 and 32 may allow relative displacements between said point clouds 31 and 32, if the parts to be assembled comprise one or more degrees of freedom. when they are put in position. The relative displacement possibilities of a cloud of points 31 or 32 relative to each other makes it possible to determine, within the possible limits, a position of the points clouds 31 and 32, one with respect to the other, in wherein the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations is preferably minimal.
    Once the support is placed between the two simulated surfaces, the simulation means 20 determine by calculation, from the resulting coordinates of the sampling points representing said simulated surfaces, a thickness of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35 in every respect a mesh generated from the cloud of points 31 and 32, the thickness being for example calculated in a direction orthogonal to an osculator plane of the nominal interface surface 37 at the point in question. Determining the value of the thickness of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35, at each point of the mesh, makes it possible to define the shapes, dimensions and position of said hollow volume, as illustrated by FIG.
    The simulation means 20 are adapted to generate a digital file in which the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35 is discretized in superimposed layers 36, as represented by FIG.
    These layers 36 are of predefined thickness, for example from 0.05 to 0.15 millimeters, but this thickness may be adapted according to the means used to produce the layers of materials to be deposited and also to a surface state that may result . Alternatively, the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35 can be discretized in layers 36 juxtaposed.
    The simulation means 20 are configured to determine, at the end of the assembly simulation, the relative position of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35, on one or the other or on each measured assembly surface, from the coordinates of said points in the reference Rc and the positioning of the reference Rc according to an absolute reference linked to the nominal mounting surface.
    The simulation means 20 comprise, for example, a computer adapted to perform calculation operations and to transmit data representative of the thickness of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35, at any point of the mesh, from the digital file generated. . The data includes, in particular, data representative of the dimensions and the relative position of the hollow volume resulting from the deviations.
    The corresponding calculation operations concern the manipulation of virtual objects in three dimensions. Software applications in this sense are now widely known and implemented, for example, in 3D modelers, computer-generated imagery or computer-aided 3D design software. The skilled person is able to configure such software to perform the calculations for the application of the invention.
    The correction device also comprises additive manufacturing means 40, for example a three-dimensional printing system, capable of depositing material on at least one of the assembly surfaces of a part in order to stably fill at least one in part, the hollow volume resulting from the geometrical differences 35 between the measured geometries of the assembly surfaces. By the words "fill at least in part" is meant that the deposited material, if any on the assembly surfaces of the two parts, must occupy the hollow volume resulting geometric deviations 35, partially or completely. Putting material on the assembly surfaces of the two parts makes it possible, when these two material removal operations can be carried out simultaneously, to reduce the material deposition time, and consequently to optimize the production time of the material. assembly. This solution can also be implemented when the geometry of one of the parts leads to facilitate the local deposition of material.
    These additive manufacturing means 40 are connected to the simulation means 20 and are configured to receive and interpret the digital file generated by said simulation means 20 as a result of the assembly simulation.
    The additive manufacturing means 40 comprise a material deposition device 41, integral with a carrier structure 42 capable of deleting said material deposition device 41 vis-à-vis the hollow volume resulting geometric deviations 35 to be corrected on a assembly surface.
    The carrier structure 42 is adapted to move the material deposition device 41 vis-à-vis the entire area of the measured geometry of the assembly surface. Said carrier structure 42 comprises, for this purpose, motor means capable of driving the material deposition device 41 in rotation along, for example, three orthogonal axes, and in translation along these three axes. By way of non-limiting example, the carrier structure 42 may be able to move the head 43 over a few meters or tens of meters.
    The carrier structure 42 may be arranged, relative to the articulated structure 12, downstream of a production line, or at another production site.
    Alternatively, the measuring apparatus 11 and the material deposition device 41 are mounted on the same supporting structure. Said carrier structure is then adapted to select the measuring apparatus 11 or the material deposition device 41 according to the need. This characteristic is advantageous insofar as the part to be assembled can be kept immobilized on the same station, or even on an assembly station, from the operation of measuring the geometry of its assembly surface until the operation The handling of the part is thus reduced, and the production time of the optimized assembly.
    In the non-limiting embodiment schematically shown in Figure 2, the carrier structure 42 comprises an articulated arm.
    However, in other examples of embodiment not shown, the carrier structure 42, in the same way as the articulated structure 12, can include any mechanical system, for example anthropometric robot, mobile gantry, hexapod ... within the reach of the one skilled in the art, adapted to move said material deposition device at any point in space, in a predefined area and with desired orientations.
    The material deposition device 41 comprises a head 43 extending along a longitudinal axis, capable of delivering material according to, for example, a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis. The material is intended to be deposited, by the head 43, on the assembly surface 30, in the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35 to be corrected, for example, in the form of a fusible thread of material, from a stock of material, in the form of wire or other.
    The material is chosen so that it responds favorably to a certain number of technical requirements, in particular defined by the assembly specifications or by the use of the mechanical structure resulting from the assembly of the parts. These technical requirements may be characterized by a level of resistance to mechanical stress, thermal or electrical conductivity capacity, adhesion capacity, ability to withstand operating temperature, ability to withstand a chemical environment, or behavior of the material in contact with the material in which the pieces are made and generally any constraint to which the assembly will be subjected in use. By way of nonlimiting example, the material or materials constituting the deposited material may be a polymeric material, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), or a metallic material, such as aluminum, and of in general, any material that can be deposited and cured on the surface of a part under consideration, by virtue of its physico-chemical characteristics, its preparation and its deposition process.
    Preferably, the hollow volume resulting from the geometrical differences 35 between the measured geometries of the assembly surfaces is discretized so that the thickness of each layer 36 corresponds to the thickness deposited by each passage of the head 43.
    The material deposition device is configured to present a resolution and accuracy in adequacy with the respect of the assembly specifications.
    The head 43 may be integral with a support structure 44, mounted on the articulated arm, as shown in Figure 2 in a non-limiting embodiment. The support structure is provided with motor means able to move said head 43 relative to the articulated arm. It is thus possible for limited displacements and requiring a positioning accuracy greater than the performance of the articulated arm used to move the head 43 opposite the relative position, on an assembly surface, of all or part of the hollow volume resulting from the deviations geometric 35, according to the comparative dimensions of the displacement capacity of the support structure and the hollow volume. By way of non-limiting example, the support structure 44 is configured to move the head 43 a few tens of centimeters.
    Advantageously, the motor means of the support structure 44 are able to drive the head 43 in rotation along at least two non-parallel axes orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the head 43. Thus, the head 43 is able to adapt the direction wherein it delivers the material so that it is normal to the assembly surface, so that the material deposition is performed under optimal conditions to form layers of substantially constant thickness. The motor means of the support structure 44 are also adapted to drive the head 43 in translation along, for example, three orthogonal axes between them, so that the head 43 is able to move inside the hollow volume characterizing deviations geometries 35 to be corrected on an assembly surface, regardless of the shape and position in the space of the measured geometry of said assembly surface.
    In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the head 43 may be mounted directly on the articulated arm and only moved by said articulated arm.
    The material deposition device 41 further comprises control means 45 of the head 43, able to acquire the position of the reference points 33 and 34 on the assembly surfaces, in the absolute reference, so as to establish a reference axis system and actuate the respective motor means of the articulated arm and the support structure 44 to drive the head 43 in displacement. These motor means are actuated following the interpretation of at least one digital file generated by the simulation means 20. Advantageously, this digital file defines a strategy for filling the hollow volumes, and in particular the paths for depositing material of the head 43, determined during the assembly simulation. These trajectories are intended to fill, at least in part, the hollow volume resulting from the geometrical differences 35 at the interface of the measured geometries of the assembly surfaces, by causing the head 43 to deposit material successively on at least a part of each layer 36. The position of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35 is expressed with respect to the reference points 33 or 34.
    Alternatively, in a non-limiting embodiment, the relative position of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations to be corrected on an assembly surface is determined in a coordinate system attached to a reference mark. This reference mark is then used by the material deposition device 41.
    Advantageously, the deposition of material on the assembly surface can be carried out so as to respect the integrity and geometric tolerances of an existing hole, for example, necessary for the realization of a subsequent assembly. If necessary, in order to respect the geometric tolerances of said hole, a step of recovery of the hole at the final rib is performed.
    The device is implemented in a method of correcting the geometric deviations of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly.
    The method comprises: a step of measuring the geometry of an assembly surface of each part to be assembled; a step of simulating the assembly of the parts, from data representative of the measured geometry of the surfaces of assembly, in which geometric deviations are determined by calculation for sampling points between the assembly surfaces at the interface of the two parts, from which geometric deviations are determined hollow volume characteristics remaining between the assembly surfaces of the parts a deposition step of material, before the assembly of the parts, on an assembly surface of at least one of the two parts, so as to fill, at least in part, the hollow volumes between said surfaces resulting from the differences geometric when the pieces are assembled.
    Said steps being successive to achieve an assembly in the order where they are indicated. The measurement step is performed by the acquisition means 10. In this step, following the measurement of the geometry of an assembly surface of each part to be assembled, data representative of the measured geometry of the surfaces parts assembly, comprising a sampling of each of these surfaces, are transmitted to the simulation means 20 in order to perform a simulation step of the assembly of parts.
    These data are then interpreted by the simulation means 20, for example, as illustrated in a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, in the form of point clouds 31 and 32 coming from the measurement. A cloud of points 31 or 32 is associated with each measured geometry of an assembly surface and is, for example, included in a proper frame, Ra or Rb, which are respectively attached the coordinates of the points of each point cloud 31 or 32. In each cloud of points 31 or 32 are identified reference points 33 or 34 of the parts. These reference points make it possible to set the clouds of points 31 and 32 in position relative to each other, in a manner analogous to positioning the two parts to be assembled, relative to one another, as defined by the assembly specifications of these parts.
    The simulation means 20 may have a nominal interface surface 37 representative of an assembly of the nominal-shaped parts, and integrate said nominal surface 37 in a simulation of positioning of the point clouds 31 and 32. The simulation for assembling the nominal size parts is carried out in a proper reference frame Rc associated with the nominal interface surface 37.
    The nominal interface surface 37 includes nominal reference points 33 'and 34', respectively corresponding to the reference points 33 and 34 of the parts. In order to position the clouds of points 31 and 32, relative to one another, in a common reference, their respective reference points 33 and 34 are positioned, the reference mark Rc respectively on the reference points 33 ' and 34 ', as shown in FIG.
    The relative distance between the two clouds of points 31 and 32, at any point of said clouds, is then adjusted so as to simulate a contact between the two simulated surfaces represented by said cloud of points 31 and 32, by a bearing, as 5, the relative distance between the point clouds 31 and 32 is adjusted so that the simulated assembly surfaces bear against one another without interpenetration of the parts, so as to Simulate the assembly of parts as defined by the assembly specifications.
    The simulation means 20 then determine, by calculation, the value of the thickness of the hollow volume resulting from the geometric deviations 35, with respect to an osculating plane of the nominal interface surface 37, and at any point of a mesh generated from the point clouds 31 and 32.
    The resulting hollow volume of the geometric deviations 35 is then discretized into a predetermined number of layers 36 of material to be deposited, so as to define, in a digital file generated, a strategy for filling these volumes.
    A material deposition step on at least one of the two parts is performed by the material deposition device 41.
    Preferably, the material deposition device 41 deposits material on only one of the assembly surfaces. However, alternatively, the material deposition device 41 may deposit material on both assembly surfaces. In addition, if the two parts to be assembled are not on the same production site, a second material deposition device can achieve the deposition of material on one of the parts.
    The two pieces including the joining surfaces can then be assembled according to the assembly specifications. For this purpose, the joining surfaces of each piece are arranged facing each other, so that the hollow volume resulting from the geometrical differences 35 between said joining surfaces is at least partially filled.
    Preferably, this hollow volume is completely filled at the end of the assembly of the parts, so that the two parts are supported on one another, at every point of their interface. With this arrangement, it is ensured a reduction of spaces that can remain empty between the parts and a uniform contact between the parts. This results, for example, in an easier assembly and in better conditions of use of the fasteners and or glues used for the assembly. This results, for example, a better behavior of the structure resulting from the assembly of the parts with respect to contact wear or corrosion under microdisplacements at the interface of the two parts.
    More generally, it should be noted that the modes of implementation and realization considered above have been described by way of non-limiting examples, and that other variants are therefore possible.
    In particular, the invention has been described by considering an assembly of two parts according to two joining surfaces. However, according to other examples, nothing excludes considering an assembly of more than two parts and / or more than two joining surfaces.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1 - Device for correcting geometric differences of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly, comprising: - acquisition means (10) by measuring the geometry of assembly surfaces of two parts intended for to be assembled to one another with their respective joining surfaces facing each other, said device being characterized in that it comprises: simulation means (20) receiving said acquisition means (10) data representative of the geometry of the assembly surfaces, configured to simulate the assembly of the parts and to determine from said data, at each measured point of a sampling of the interface, a thickness of the hollow volume resulting from the geometrical differences ( 35) between said assembly surfaces, - additive manufacturing means (40) receiving simulation means (20) data representative of the thicknesses of the hollow volumes resulting from the geometric differences (35) between said joining surfaces, and configured to deposit material on the assembly surface of at least one of the parts so as to fill, at least in part, the hollow volume resulting from said gaps geometrically between said assembly surfaces.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2 - correction device according to claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing means (40) comprise a material deposition device (41) integral with a carrier structure (42) arranged to move said device.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3 - correction device according to claim 2, wherein the material deposition device (41) comprises a head (43) of material deposition, integral with a support structure (44) mounted on the carrier structure (42) and arranged to move said head (43) relative to said carrier structure (42).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4 - correction device according to one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the material deposition device (41) comprises control means (45) of the head (43) adapted to control the head (43) relative to one of the parts, according to the data representative of the thicknesses of the hollow volumes resulting from the geometrical differences (35) between said assembly surfaces.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5 - Method for correcting geometric differences of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly, comprising: a step of measuring the geometry of an assembly surface of each part to be assembled, characterized in that it further comprises: a step of simulating the assembly of the pieces, based on data representative of the measured geometry of the assembly surfaces, during which geometric differences are determined by calculation for sampling points between the surfaces; assembly at the interface of the two parts, from which geometric deviations are determined hollow volume characteristics remaining between the assembly surfaces of the parts, - a deposition step of material, before the assembly of the parts, on a surface of assembling at least one of the two parts, so as to fill, at least in part, the hollow volumes between said surfaces resulting from the geometric deviations when the parts are assembled.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6 - Correction method according to claim 5, wherein the step of simulating the assembly of the parts comprises a step of simulating positioning of the parts from the data representative of the measured geometry of the assembly surfaces, said data comprising data corresponding to the measured geometry of at least one singular point of the identifiable structure of each assembly surface for determining the position of simulated assembly surfaces relative to one another.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7 - Correction method according to claim 6, wherein the step of simulating the assembly of the parts comprises a step of simulating the contact of the parts from the data representative of the geometry of the assembly surfaces, wherein a contact is simulated between the assembly surfaces simulated with each other by a bearing, and without interpenetration of parts.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8 - Correction method according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the step of simulation of the assembly of parts takes into account deformations of said parts under the effect of predetermined forces, introduced during assembly .
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9 - correction method according to one of claims 5 to 8, wherein, during the assembly simulation step, the hollow volume resulting geometric deviations (35) between the assembly surfaces of the parts are discretized in a predetermined number of layers (36) of material to be deposited.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN106925990A|2017-07-07|
    EP3187946A1|2017-07-05|
    FR3046369B1|2018-02-02|
    CN106925990B|2021-02-09|
    US20170190124A1|2017-07-06|
    US10562246B2|2020-02-18|
    EP3187946B1|2021-02-24|
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    法律状态:
    2016-12-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-07-07| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170707 |
    2017-12-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-12-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-12-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1563462A|FR3046369B1|2015-12-30|2015-12-30|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CORRECTING GEOMETRIC DIFFERENCES OF THE SURFACES OF PARTS TO BE ASSEMBLED AT THE INTERFACE OF THE ASSEMBLY|
    FR1563462|2015-12-30|FR1563462A| FR3046369B1|2015-12-30|2015-12-30|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CORRECTING GEOMETRIC DIFFERENCES OF THE SURFACES OF PARTS TO BE ASSEMBLED AT THE INTERFACE OF THE ASSEMBLY|
    EP16204239.4A| EP3187946B1|2015-12-30|2016-12-15|Device and method for correcting geometrical differences of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the interface of the assembly|
    US15/387,655| US10562246B2|2015-12-30|2016-12-22|Device and method for correction of geometrical differences of the surfaces of parts to be assembled at the assembly interface|
    CN201611243921.6A| CN106925990B|2015-12-30|2016-12-29|Device and method for correcting surface geometric differences of parts to be assembled at assembly interface|
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