• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for controlling an electric micro-grid (1) comprising a renewable energy source (3), delivering to the micro-array (1) a first power controlled by droop, and adapted to operate in a synchronous manner and in parallel with a synchronous power source (2), the synchronous source (2) being adapted to produce a second power, also delivered to the micro-array (1), according to an automatic start / interruption criterion of said synchronous source , the method comprising starting the synchronous source as soon as the frequency and / or the voltage of the micro-array (1) are lower than, respectively, a threshold frequency and / or a threshold voltage, and the interruption of the synchronous source since the second power is lower than a threshold power.
    公开号:FR3046304A1
    申请号:FR1563186
    申请日:2015-12-23
    公开日:2017-06-30
    发明作者:Guyon Caroline Aubert；Jean Dobrowolski；Yann Herriot
    申请人:Schneider Electric Industries SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION MICRO NETWORK
    DESCRIPTION
    TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a method of controlling a micro electrical distribution network.
    STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
    A microgrid (Anglo-Saxon terminology) is usually a local electrical grid that distributes electrical power to remote areas and remote areas of major power generation centers. Isolated areas are, for example, islands, mountainous regions, or desert areas.
    The main interest of the micro-networks is that they operate autonomously (in island mode, without connection to the public network), and are close to the areas of consumption (charges). Thus, the losses inherent in long distance distribution networks are limited. The energy autonomy of the micro-grid is generally ensured by sources of electrical energy of different types among which the generators occupy an important place (we speak in this case of a source of synchronous energy). Indeed, from an economic point of view, a generator represents a low initial investment, and provides electricity production sufficiently flexible to absorb peak consumption at peak hours. However, their operation requires large quantities of diesel, which therefore increases the energy bill, but also increases air pollution.
    In order to mitigate these economic and environmental problems, micro-networks are hybrid, and also include renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, etc. Renewable energy sources generally include a power generation system producing a continuous electrical signal, and an inverter for converting the DC electrical signal to an AC electrical signal before delivering it to the micro-array.
    However, without modifying the operating mode of the inverters, the renewable energy sources can not form the network (they are not Grid Forming according to Anglo-Saxon terminology), and therefore can not alone ensure the production of electricity supplying the network.
    To overcome this limitation, renewable energy sources may include an inverter controlled by a control lawconconfering the possibility of forming the network. In other words, the renewable energy source can impose the voltage and the frequency of an electrical signal to an electrical network without resorting to a reference signal. However, since a surplus of power consumption is required by the load of the micro-grid, the inverter of the renewable energy source generally reacts before the synchronous energy source, and tries to provide all the power that he produces. This results in a phase shift between the electrical signals provided by the renewable energy source and by the synchronous energy source, thus generating a major failure of the micro-network ("Black Out" in the Anglo-Saxon terminology).
    In addition, renewable energy sources are subject to climatic hazards, and as a result are an unstable source of energy, we call them intermittent sources of energy.
    Thus, for reasons of stability of the hybrid micro-grid, the share of renewable energy sources can not exceed a value of between 20 and 30% (we are talking about the penetration rate of renewable energies) so that at least one group generator is running constantly. Which, in fact, limits the savings achievable.
    For example, hybrid micro-grids with a share of renewable energy sources greater than 30% are unstable. An object of the invention is then to propose a method for controlling a hybrid micro-network making it possible to increase the share of renewable energy sources without affecting the stability of said network.
    DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method of controlling a micro electrical distribution network comprising at least one renewable energy source, delivering to the micro-array a first active / reactive power controlled by statism according to a frequency and a voltage the micro-network respectively, and adapted to operate synchronously and in parallel with a synchronous energy source, the synchronous energy source being adapted to produce a second active / reactive power, also delivered to the micro-array, according to a criterion of automatic start / interruption of said synchronous power source, the method comprising starting the synchronous energy source when the frequency and / or voltage of the micro-array are lower than, respectively, a threshold frequency and / or a threshold voltage, and the interruption of the synchronous energy source when the second power is lower e to a threshold power.
    According to one embodiment, the renewable energy source comprises an inverter adapted to emulate the operation of a synchronous energy source, so that the renewable energy source behaves as a source of synchronous energy.
    According to one embodiment, the threshold frequency and the threshold voltage are parameterized in a computer program controlling the synchronous energy source.
    According to one embodiment, the control by frequency and voltage droop is characterized, respectively, by a free frequency fo and an open-circuit voltage Vo, the empty frequency fo and the open-circuit voltage Vo being capable of being understood , respectively, in a predetermined Hfo vacuum frequency range and a predetermined Hvo vacuum voltage range.
    According to one embodiment, the renewable energy source comprises a power accumulation system comprising an active / reactive power reserve, said system being intended to deliver active / reactive power to the micro-array.
    According to one embodiment, the inverter adjusts the frequency and / or the voltage of the signal delivered to the microgrid according to a reserve of energy and / or power of the renewable energy source. According to one embodiment, the inverter also adjusts the frequency and / or the voltage of the signal delivered to the micro-network according to meteorological forecasts and / or forecasts of energy consumption.
    According to one embodiment, the frequency and the voltage of the micro-array are permanently measured by the synchronous energy source.
    According to one embodiment, the at least one renewable energy source comprises a plurality of renewable energy units, the plurality of renewable energy units sharing the production of the first power, and operating in a synchronous manner .
    According to one embodiment, the at least one synchronous energy source comprises a plurality of synchronous energy sources.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages will become apparent in the following description of the methods of implementation of the control method of a micro electrical distribution network according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a micro-array according to the invention, synchronous power source as a function of the active power (along the horizontal axis) delivered by said source; - FIG. 2b is a graph representing the voltage (along the vertical axis) of an electrical signal supplied by a source of power; synchronous energy as a function of the reactive power (along the horizontal axis) delivered by said source; - FIG. 2c is a graph representing the frequency (along the vertical axis) of a signal provided by two sources of synchronous energy as a function of the active power (along the horizontal axis) delivered by said sources; - Figure 3 represents the variation of the frequency f (on the vertical axis) of the electrical signal delivered to the micro-network as a function of the variation of the active power (on the horizontal axis) delivered to the load, - FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the characteristic frequency (vertical axis) / active power (horizontal axis) thanks to an action corrective in the face of a change in the power sharing between the sources, either to voluntarily modify the frequency while keeping the same operating point in power, - figure 5a is an illustration of the adjustment of the empty frequency fo (given on the vertical axis of the figure) in the empty frequency range (Hfo), the empty frequency range (Hfo) being constrained by the predetermined frequency range (Hf) and imposed by the operator of the mains microphone, - Figure 5b, is an illustration of the adjustment of the open-circuit voltage Vo (given on the vertical axis of the figure) in the range of no-load voltages (Hvo), the range of no-load voltages (Hvo) being constrained by the predetermined voltage range (H ") and imposed by the operator of the micro-network.
    DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
    FIG. 1 represents a micro-grid 1 of electricity distribution according to the invention.
    An electricity distribution micro-grid 1 can include power sources such as renewable energy sources 3 and synchronous energy sources 2.
    Throughout the rest of the talk, we equate the term power with relative power (in percentage). That is, we are talking about the proportion of power provided by a source (a renewable energy source 3 or a synchronous energy source 2) relative to the maximum power it produces.
    The renewable energy source 3 may include a renewable electricity generation system, a power accumulation system and an inverter. The renewable electricity generation system may include solar power generators (photovoltaic panels), wind power generators (wind turbines), tidal turbine power generators (tidal turbines) that typically produce a continuous electrical signal. The inverter is adapted to convert the electrical signal generated by the power generation system into an alternating electrical signal before injecting it into the mains 1. The power storage system may comprise a capacitor (or more particularly a supercapacitor), a flywheel, an electrochemical battery, etc. By supercapacitor, we mean a capacitor of a particular technique making it possible to obtain a power density and an energy density intermediate between the batteries and the conventional electrolytic capacitors. For example, a supercapacitor may include a power density in the range of 1000 to 5000 W / Kg, and an energy density in the range of 4 to 6 Wh / Kg.
    Synchronous power sources 2 generally comprise a synchronous machine (an alternator) which, when it is rotated by a shaft of a rotating machine, produces an alternating electrical signal (an electric current and voltage). The rotating machine may comprise a diesel engine, a turbine (gas, hydraulic, steam, air).
    The network microphone 1 also comprises charges 4 intended to consume, at least in part, a power delivered by the renewable energy sources 3 and the synchronous energy sources 2.
    In order to be electrically connected together, advantageously in parallel, to the micro-array 1, the different energy sources must be capable of delivering each an electrical signal of the same frequency and the same voltage. In this respect, let us take the example of the synchronous energy source 2. The synchronous energy source 2 is adapted to adjust the frequency of the electrical signal that it delivers to the micro-array 1 as a function of the active power consumed by said micro network 1 and generated by the synchronous energy source 2. This behavior is illustrated in Figure 2a. The frequency f varies according to a linear function of the active power P, relative (in%), delivered by the synchronous energy source 2. The linear function is characterized by a slope D and a free frequency fo. The empty frequency fo corresponds to the frequency of the electrical signal delivered by the synchronous energy source 2 when the load does not consume active power from said source 2. The slope D is called droop ("Droop" according to the terminology Anglo-Saxon). We also talk about a power controlled by droop according to the frequency of the micro network 1. With a speed controller, the synchronous energy source 2 adapts its speed of rotation (and therefore the frequency of the electrical signal delivered to the micro network) depending on the power it delivers.
    Equivalently, the synchronous energy source is adapted to adjust the voltage of the electrical signal that it delivers to the microgrid according to the reactive power consumed by said micro-grid 1 and generated by the synchronous energy source 2. This Behavior is shown in Figure 2b. The voltage V varies according to a linear function of the reactive power P ', relative (in%), delivered by the synchronous energy source 2. The linear function is characterized by a slope D' and a vacuum voltage Vo. The open-circuit voltage Vo corresponds to the voltage of the electrical signal delivered by the synchronous energy source 2 when the load does not consume reactive power from said source 2. The slope D 'door, also, the name of droop. We also speak of a power controlled by droop according to the voltage of the micro-network 1. Several synchronous energy sources 2 controlled by statism according to the same droop share the load 4 in proportion to the active / reactive power that they are in able to deliver. Moreover, under these conditions, all sources of synchronous energy 2 deliver an electrical signal of substantially the same frequency. For example, as shown in FIG. 2c, two synchronous energy sources 1a and 1b can operate in parallel and deliver an electrical signal of frequency f 1, the source 1a and the source 1b respectively feed the micro-network 1 with a power active equal to, respectively, Pi and P2.
    The adjustment of the droop according to the frequency (adjustment of the slope D) of the synchronous energy source 2 can be executed according to the design of said source, for example, by the setting of a potentiometer, or with the aid of an electronic interface (a computer and a software for example).
    The adjustment of the droop according to the voltage (slope adjustment D ') of the synchronous energy source 2 can be carried out according to the design of said source, for example, by the setting of a potentiometer, or with the aid of an electronic interface (a computer and a software for example).
    In the context of the present invention, the Applicant makes the point of electrically connecting in parallel renewable energy sources 3 and synchronous energy sources 2 to power a micro-grid 1, and to promote the production of the active power / electrical reactive produced by renewable energy sources 3 with regard to synchronous energy sources 2.
    According to the state of the art, renewable energy sources 3 are generally only an additional source, and therefore deserve to be rethought to achieve this goal.
    Thus, according to the invention, a renewable energy source 3 comprises a renewable electricity production system. Said renewable energy production system 3 may have an intermittent nature, namely to produce energy in an irregular manner. The renewable energy production system 3 may comprise, for example, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines or tidal turbines. These latter generally produce a continuous electrical signal which must be converted into an alternating electrical signal before being delivered to the micro-network 1. The renewable energy source 3 is therefore provided with an inverter ("inverter" according to the English terminology). Saxonne) capable of ensuring this conversion of the continuous electrical signal into an alternating electric signal.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, the renewable energy source 3 behaves like a source of synchronous energy 2. We thus introduce the virtual generator concept ("Virtual Generator" according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology) known to those skilled in the art. . The renewable energy source comprises a control law allowing it to reproduce the electrical and mechanical behavior of a synchronous generator 2, and more particularly a generator.
    Thus, in this respect, the inverter of a renewable energy source 3 is controlled by the control law so that the renewable energy source 3 behaves as a synchronous energy source 2. We are also talking about virtual generator ("Virtual Generator" according to Anglo-Saxon terminology). The inverter is also subject to a control law so as to give a control by droop to the renewable energy source 3 comprising said inverter. The frequency and the voltage of the electrical signal delivered by the renewable energy source 3 thus follow the behavior, respectively, of active power P and reactive power P ', illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2b. The control law can be imposed in software, including adjusting a gain of the frequency of the electrical signal as a function of the active power, and / or a gain of the voltage of the electrical signal as a function of the power. reactive. The aforementioned gains are none other than the slopes D and D 'linear functions of Figures 2a and 2b.
    Thus, the renewable energy source 3 can adapt the power delivered to the micro network 1 by adjusting the frequency of the electrical signal. As represented in FIG. 3, at a first instant, the load consumes an active power Pa of an electrical signal of frequency 1a delivered by the renewable energy source 3. At a second instant, a surplus of power may be necessary 4. The renewable energy source 3 then adapts the frequency, at a frequency 1b, of the electrical signal that it delivers to the micro-grid 1 so as to provide, if necessary, power, Pb, for the load 4. .
    According to another scenario, presented in FIG. 4, between a first instant and a second instant, the renewable energy source 3 sees its power output decrease. The renewable energy source 3 adjusts its empty frequency fo to a new empty frequency fo less than the empty frequency fo. The maximum power that can be delivered by the renewable energy source 3 will remain unchanged, but will be delivered at a lower frequency. The emulation of a virtual generator by the renewable energy source 3 makes it possible to electrically connect the latter in parallel with a source of synchronous energy 2.
    In addition, under such conditions, the renewable energy source 3 can, as would a synchronous energy source 2, form the network ("Grid Forming" according to the terminology Anglo-Saxon). By forming the network, we intend to supply the network with an electric power without having recourse to an electrical reference signal delivered by another source.
    Thus, the synchronous energy sources 2 and the renewable energy sources 3 can be connected in parallel and deliver an electrical signal to the micro-network 1 of the same frequency.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, the renewable energy source 3 may comprise a power accumulation system, for example a capacitive system such as a supercapacitor, or a flywheel.
    Advantageously, the renewable electricity generation system and the power accumulation system are electrically connected to the inverter. Conversely, when the renewable electricity production system produces a surplus of power not consumed by the micro-grid 1, said surplus can advantageously be stored in the energy storage system.
    Still advantageously, the power accumulation system can also serve as a reserve of power and / or energy.
    We will now describe the operation of a micro-network 1 comprising a synchronous energy source 2 and a renewable energy source 3 emulating a virtual generator as described above.
    The renewable energy source 3 and the synchronous energy source 2 are electrically connected in parallel with the micro-network 1.
    The renewable energy source 3 is adapted to deliver to the micro-array 1 a first active / reactive power controlled by droop according to the frequency and the voltage of the electrical signal of the micro-array 1.
    The synchronous energy source 2 and the renewable energy source 3, electrically connected in parallel, advantageously have the same droop, for example a decreasing slope of between 1 and 5%, preferably between 1.5 and 3%.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, the frequency and the voltage of the electrical signal that can be delivered by the sources of renewable energy 3 and synchronous energy 2 are continuously measured.
    Still advantageously, the measurement of the frequency and the voltage are carried out by the synchronous energy source 2.
    The frequency can be measured on the electrical signal of the micro-network by the synchronous energy source 2.
    The frequency can also be measured by an image of the rotational speed of the shaft of the synchronous energy source 2.
    The measurement of frequency and voltage is also performed by the renewable energy source 3.
    The renewable energy source 3 delivers to the micro network 1 a first active / reactive power.
    The frequency of the electrical signal delivered by the renewable energy source 3 is controlled by droop according to the active power consumed by the micro-network 1.
    The voltage of the electrical signal delivered by the renewable energy source 3 is controlled by droop according to the reactive power consumed by the micro-network 1. The synchronous energy source 2 is adapted to deliver to the micro-array 1 a second active / reactive power .
    More particularly, the renewable energy source 3 may be the only source of energy to deliver an electrical signal to the micro-network 1. By being alone to deliver an electrical signal, we mean a single source of renewable energy connected to the microphone network 1, or the renewable energy source 3 is the only one of a plurality of energy sources, to deliver an electrical signal to the micro array 1. Under this condition, the frequency and voltage of the electrical signal are dependent on the power consumed by the network microphone 1 (or more particularly the load 4).
    In the case of a plurality of renewable energy sources 3 delivering an electrical signal to the micro-network, said sources will share the charge 4. In this respect, let us take the case of a first source of renewable energy and a second source of energy. 'renewable energy. The first and second sources of renewable energy deliver an electrical signal of the same frequency and of the same voltage, and share the load 4. By sharing the load 4, we mean the sum of the active / reactive powers delivered by the first and the second. second renewable energy source is equal to the active / reactive power consumed by said load 4. This behavior is the same as that illustrated in Figure 2c and relating to two sources of synchronous energy 2.
    It also happens that the active / reactive power delivered by a renewable energy source 3, for example the first source of renewable energy, requires a downward adjustment, for example a readjustment due to a lower production. The first source of renewable energy is then forced to lower the frequency and / or the no-load voltage to account for its new state. In return, the second source of renewable energy can be able to fill the gap of the first source of renewable energy so that the sum of the powers provided by the two sources of renewable energy is equal to the power consumed by the load . The second renewable energy source can fill the gap of the first source by increasing its frequency and / or no-load voltage, or lowering the frequency and / or operating voltage. This reasoning can be generalized to more than two sources of renewable energy.
    The production of the second active / reactive power is subjected to a criterion for starting / interrupting the production of said second active / reactive power by the synchronous energy source 2.
    The criterion for starting the production of the second active / reactive power is based on the measurement of the frequency and the voltage of the electrical signal supplying the micro-network 1.
    Considering at first that the network microphone 1 is powered only by the first power. In other words, the synchronous energy source 2 does not produce electrical power. Suppose that a surplus of active power is necessary for the operation of the load 4 of the micro-network 1. The excess of active power necessary for the operation of the load 4 may be due to an increase in the power consumption of the load 4 (see Figure 3) and / or a variation (decrease) in the available power produced by the renewable energy source 3 (see Figure 4). The renewable energy source 3 then adapts the frequency of the electrical signal it delivers to balance the first active power with the active power consumed by the load 4. Thus the frequency of the electrical signal decreases.
    The surplus of active power consumed by the load 4 can be provided by the renewable electricity generation system or by the power accumulation system. The surplus power consumed by the load 4 of the network may also exceed the power output of the renewable energy source 3. The synchronous energy source 2 is therefore provided to overcome an over-consumption in active power of the load 4 that the renewable energy source 3 can not deliver. Thus, according to the present invention, we define a threshold frequency value of the electrical signal below which the synchronous energy source 2 starts the production of the second active power and delivers it to the micro-network 1.
    The threshold frequency can be defined as the frequency from which the renewable electricity generation system delivers an active power greater than 50% for example, or even greater than 70% for example of the power it produces. The reserve of 50% (or 30%) of power produced by the renewable electricity generation system then constitutes a margin of safety. The inverter of the renewable energy source 3 can be parameterized by techniques known to those skilled in the art so that the renewable energy source 3 delivers a signal of a frequency lower than the threshold frequency when the system renewable electricity generation delivers an active power greater than 50% for example, or even greater than 70%, for example, the power it produces.
    In an alternative and advantageous manner, the renewable energy source 3 comprises a power accumulation system. The power accumulation system includes a reserve of energy. In the case of a power accumulation system comprising a supercapacitor, the energy reserve takes the form of a state of charge. The inverter is adapted to be programmed to automatically adjust the frequency of the electrical signal delivered to the micro-grid 1 according to various criteria such as the energy reserve available to it, the power output possible at time t, the forecasts on production or weather forecasts. Furthermore, the inverter is adapted so that the empty frequency fo is within a predetermined vacuum frequency range Hfo, so that the resulting frequency of operation is also within a predetermined frequency range Hf. For example, the predetermined frequency range Hfo vacuum is imposed by an operator of the network microphone 1. As shown in Figure 5a, the predetermined frequency range Hf and meets a network specification ("grid code" according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology). The empty frequency fo is then constrained in a narrower range Hfo, to ensure that the frequency (even at full load) remains within the allowable frequency range Hf, possibly with a margin of safety. Thus, if the power reserve of the renewable energy source decreases, the empty frequency fo also decreases. The threshold frequency fs is not necessarily reached (if the power supplied is too low, for example), and the source or sources of synchronous energy 2 are not started until it is necessary. Voluntarily changing the frequency does not necessarily imply to lower the threshold frequency. The threshold frequency fs can thus be defined as the frequency below which the operator considers that the active power reserve is no longer sufficient to guarantee the stability of the network. The criterion can be set by the operator and or the designer of the network microphone 1. The operator of the network microphone can then impose that the active power reserve is always greater than a threshold active power.
    The threshold active power reserve can advantageously be defined as the active power to be delivered to the microgrid during the start phase, of a duration T, of the synchronous energy source 2. More particularly, the threshold active power reserve can be defined as a percentage of the maximum load 4 that can be on the network microphone 1. The synchronous energy source 2 is itself configured to start when the frequency of the electrical signal of the micro network 1 passes to lower the threshold frequency.
    Equivalently, suppose that a surplus of reactive power is necessary for the operation of the load 4 of the micro-network 1. The renewable energy source 3 then adapts the voltage of the electrical signal that it delivers to balance the first reactive power with the reactive power consumed by the load 4. Thus the voltage of the electrical signal decreases.
    The excess of reactive power consumed by the load 4 can be provided by the renewable electricity generation system or by the power accumulation system. The excess reactive power consumed by the load 4 of the network may also exceed the reactive power output of the renewable energy source 3. The synchronous energy source 2 is therefore designed to overcome an overconsumption of reactive power of the load 4 that the renewable energy source 3 can not deliver.
    Thus, according to the present invention, we define a threshold voltage value of the electrical signal below which the synchronous energy source 2 starts the production of the second reactive power and delivers it to the micro-network 1.
    The threshold voltage can be defined as the voltage from which the renewable electricity generation system delivers a reactive power greater than 50% for example, or even greater than 70% for example of the power it produces. The reserve of 50% (or 30%) of power produced by the renewable electricity generation system then constitutes a margin of safety. The inverter of the renewable energy source 3 can be parameterized by techniques known to those skilled in the art so that the renewable energy source 3 delivers a signal with a voltage lower than the threshold frequency when the system renewable electricity production delivers a reactive power greater than 50% for example, or even greater than 70%, for example, the power it produces.
    In an alternative and advantageous manner, the renewable energy source 3 comprises a power accumulation system. The inverter is adapted to be programmed to automatically adjust the voltage of the electrical signal delivered to the micro-grid 1 according to various criteria such as the energy reserve available to it, the power production possible at time t, the forecasts on production or weather forecasts. Furthermore, the inverter is adapted so that the no-load voltage Vo is within a range of predetermined vacuum voltages H "o, so that the resulting voltage of the operation is also within a predetermined voltage range H". For example, the range of predetermined idle voltage values is imposed by a network microphone operator 1. As illustrated in FIG. 5b, the voltage range Hv thus meets a network specification. The empty voltage Vo is then constrained in a smaller range Hvo, to ensure that the voltage (even at full load) remains within the admissible voltage range Hv, possibly with a margin of safety.
    Thus, if the reserve decreases, the no-load voltage Vo also decreases. The threshold voltage Vs is not necessarily reached (if the reactive power supplied is too low, for example), and the source or sources of synchronous energy 2 are not started until it is necessary. Voltage modification voluntarily does not necessarily imply to lower the threshold voltage. The threshold voltage Vs can thus be defined as the voltage below which the operator considers that the reactive power reserve is no longer sufficient to guarantee the security of the network. The criterion can thus be set by the operator and / or the designer of the network microphone 1. The operator of the network microphone 1 can then impose that the reactive power reserve is always greater than a threshold reactive power. The threshold reactive power reserve can advantageously be defined as the reactive power to be delivered to the micro-array during the start-up phase, of a duration T, of the synchronous energy source 2. More particularly, the reactive power reserve threshold can be defined as a percentage of the maximum charge 4 that can be on the network microphone 1.
    The synchronous energy source 2 is itself configured to start as soon as the voltage of the electrical signal of the micro-network 1 drops the threshold voltage.
    Thus, the synchronous energy source 2 starts the production of the second active / reactive power when the frequency and / or the voltage of the electrical signal of the micro-array 1 is lower, respectively, at the threshold frequency and at the threshold voltage. .
    Conversely, the load 4 can reduce its active / reactive power consumption so that the active / reactive power provided by the renewable energy source 3 would be sufficient to operate the network microphone 1 stably.
    According to the invention, we then define a threshold active / reactive power consumed by the load 4, below which the synchronous energy source 2 interrupts the production of the second active / reactive power. As soon as the active power at the micro-array 1 is lower than a threshold active power value, the synchronous energy source 2 interrupts its production of the second active power.
    The active / reactive threshold power is predetermined and is set in a control system of the synchronous energy source 2 by techniques known to those skilled in the art.
    Thus, according to the invention, the synchronous energy source 2 can start or interrupt the production of the second active / reactive power as a function of the consumption requirements of the load 4 of the micro-network 1 without requiring communication between the energy sources. renewable 3 and synchronous energy 2 or when the communication is defective. Starting and interrupting the production of the second active / reactive power is based solely on the measurement by the synchronous energy source 2 of the voltage, the frequency and the active / reactive power of the signal on the microphone 1.
    Thus, according to the invention, it is possible to favor the production of power by the renewable energy source 3. In other words, the synchronous energy source 2 starts the production of the second power only when the first power n ' is more sufficient, or may not be sufficient to operate the load 4.
    For example, a renewable energy source 3 comprising a renewable electricity generation system, for example a photovoltaic energy system, does not operate at night, and is advantageously supplemented by a generator to ensure continuity of production. electricity. Moreover, during a peak of active / reactive power consumption by the load 4, the first power delivered by the renewable energy source 3 may become insufficient. The synchronous energy source 2, according to the criteria established by the present invention, can start the production of the second active / reactive power and make it possible to reach an equilibrium between the power produced by the energy sources and the power consumed by the charge 4.
    The present invention is not limited to a renewable energy source 3, and may include a plurality of renewable energy sources 3 emulating a virtual generator. The renewable energy sources 3 present a control by frequency and voltage droop of the active and reactive powers, so that the renewable energy sources 3 share the load 4 ("load sharing" according to the terminology Anglo-Saxon) . The plurality of renewable energy sources 3 is configured to deliver the first power to the micro-array 1. The invention may also comprise a plurality of synchronous energy sources 2, electrically connected in parallel with the micro-network 1.
    Thus, advantageously, the penetration rate of renewable energies may exceed the limit of 30%. Thanks to the concepts introduced in the present invention, the renewable energy sources can be sized to ensure 100% of the power consumption of the load 4. Indeed, when all the conditions are met for the renewable energy sources to produce Sufficiently enough (by combined conditions, sufficient sunlight is provided for photovoltaic panels, sufficient wind for wind turbines) the power consumed by the load 4, the startup of synchronous energy sources 2 is not necessary. The power accumulation systems included in each renewable energy source 3 then make it possible to mitigate the fluctuations in the power produced by the renewable energy sources and thus ensure a stability of the electrical signal delivered on the micro-grid 1. , power accumulation systems also make it possible to offset the intermittent nature of said renewable energy sources 3. In fact, since the production of the electric power supplied by the renewable electricity generation systems falls to a lower value to the needs of the load 4, the power accumulation systems can take over for a first time. The first duration can then be used for starting the synchronous energy source (s) 2 and reaching a steady state.
    Particularly advantageously, the power accumulation system can deliver active / reactive power to the microgrid 1 to compensate for power fluctuations produced by the renewable energy source without having to start a synchronous energy source 2. Production alone may not be enough, but the accumulation system can add some power. When the output becomes slightly higher than the consumption of the load 4 (because of the fluctuations), the accumulation system is recharged and can be used again without reaching the minimum state of charge implying a decrease of the parameter fo .
    The network microphone 1 is advantageously devoid of a communication system between the different sources of energy production, and can be controlled completely automatically. The invention is also particularly advantageous when a communication system exists between the synchronous energy source 2 and the renewable energy source 3, but the latter is defective. Indeed, the method according to the invention may be a backup solution allowing operation in degraded operation while retaining greater economic gains through the possibility of promoting renewable energy sources 3 with respect to a communication system failed.
    Renewable energy sources 3 and synchronous energy sources 2 may also be distant.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A method of controlling a power distribution micro-array (1) comprising at least one renewable energy source (3), delivering to the micro-array (1) a first statically controlled active / reactive power at a frequency and a frequency voltage of the mains microphone (1) respectively, and adapted to operate synchronously and in parallel with at least one synchronous energy source (2), the synchronous energy source (2) being adapted to produce a second active power / reactive, also delivered to the micro-array (1), according to an automatic start / interruption criterion of said synchronous energy source (2), the method comprising starting the synchronous source as soon as the frequency and / or the voltage of the mains microphone (1) are lower than, respectively, a threshold frequency and / or a threshold voltage, and the interruption of the synchronous energy source (2) when the second power is less than no threshold power.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    The method according to claim 1, wherein the renewable energy source (3) comprises an inverter adapted to emulate the operation of a synchronous energy source, so that the renewable energy source behaves as a source. of synchronous energy.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the threshold frequency and the threshold voltage are set in a computer program controlling the synchronous energy source (2).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control by frequency and voltage droop is characterized, respectively, by a vacuum frequency fo and an open-circuit voltage Vo, the empty frequency fo and the voltage the void Vo being capable of being included, respectively, in a predetermined frequency range Hfo vacuum and a predetermined voltage range Vac Hvo.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the renewable energy source comprises a power accumulation system comprising a reserve of energy, said system being intended to deliver active / reactive power to the microphone. network (1).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the inverter adjusts the frequency and / or the voltage of the signal delivered to the micro-array (1) according to a reserve of energy and / or power of the energy source. renewable (3)
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The method according to claim 6, wherein the inverter also adjusts the frequency and / or voltage of the signal delivered to the micro-array (1) according to meteorological forecasts and / or forecasting of power consumption.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the frequency and the voltage of the micro-array (1) are continuously measured by the synchronous energy source (2).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one renewable energy source (3) comprises a plurality of renewable energy units, the plurality of renewable energy units sharing the production of the first power, and operating synchronously.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    The method according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one synchronous energy source (2) comprises a plurality of synchronous energy sources.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP3185386A1|2017-06-28|Method for controlling a micro-network for electricity distribution
    EP3208907B1|2018-09-05|Method for controlling a virtual generator
    EP2853693B1|2018-08-08|Method and module for protecting against torque peaks between a motor and an electric machine
    EP3255594A1|2017-12-13|Method for controlling the electric power generation of a network for the production and distribution of electric power
    JP2005312138A|2005-11-04|Power controller, power generation system and power system
    WO2006067350A1|2006-06-29|Method and system for stand-alone electrical supply by means of renewable energy
    WO2014049269A1|2014-04-03|Method for determining a forecast of the electric power supplied by a facility for supplying electric power
    WO2007060328A1|2007-05-31|Control method and device for a decentralised energy production device and installation comprising at least two production devices which are provided with said control device
    Tuckey et al.2017|Decentralized control of a microgrid
    EP3223207A1|2017-09-27|Method for optimizing power consumption produced by a renewable electricity source
    EP3672011A1|2020-06-24|Method for regulating an electricity distribution network
    EP2533391B1|2017-09-20|Multi-source management system of electrical generators
    FR3069110A1|2019-01-18|METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A PLURALITY OF ACCUMULATORS
    EP2772983B1|2016-05-25|Energy storage device and related management method
    EP3731398A1|2020-10-28|Method for controlling a dc/ac converter
    EP3800777A1|2021-04-07|Modification of parameter values of the law for controlling a generator
    FR3055753A1|2018-03-09|METHOD OF CONTROLLING AN ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
    WO2017025664A1|2017-02-16|Auxiliary system for storage and supply of electrical energy for multiple uses incorporated in an electricity production plant
    WO2020148491A1|2020-07-23|Autonomous module for recharging an electric vehicle, and operating method thereof
    EP3273565B1|2019-03-13|Method for recovering surplus energy in a plant for producing electric energy
    US20210184464A1|2021-06-17|Method and device for controlling an electricity production assembly, and associated production assembly
    JP2022025664A|2022-02-10|Charge control device, charge control method, and charge control program
    FR2999029A1|2014-06-06|Device for regulating electrical supply of electrical supply network having variable consumption, has actuator for operating power generating unit, where device synchronizes generator frequency and voltage to provide missing power
    FR3098663A1|2021-01-15|ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSFERRING REGENERATED ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN AN AIRCRAFT AND PROCESS FOR TRANSFERING REGENERATED ELECTRIC ENERGY IN SUCH ARCHITECTURE
    FR2987944A1|2013-09-13|Electrical supply device for supplying electricity to electricity consuming device, has rectifying circuit forming passive drive circuit for delivery of current on line, where circuit is busy when terminal voltage reaches threshold voltage
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3185386A1|2017-06-28|
    US20170187188A1|2017-06-29|
    US10554047B2|2020-02-04|
    FR3046304B1|2019-05-31|
    CN106911145A|2017-06-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2015102598A1|2013-12-31|2015-07-09|Schneider Electric It Corporation|Controlling a microgrid|
    US8648495B2|2009-11-23|2014-02-11|Ses Technologies, Llc|Smart-grid combination power system|
    WO2014058571A2|2012-10-08|2014-04-17|Eaton Corporation|Generator dispatching or load shedding control method and system for microgrid applications|
    US9454137B2|2013-03-01|2016-09-27|Honeywell International Inc.|System and method of large area microgrid stability controls|
    CN103545810B|2013-11-12|2015-07-15|国家电网公司|Microgrid inverter sagging automatic control method based on small signal stability analysis|DE102017114306B4|2017-06-28|2019-01-17|Sma Solar Technology Ag|METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ISLAND NETWORK AND ISLAND NETWORK|
    US11005269B2|2017-08-01|2021-05-11|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Systems, apparatus, and methods for load sharing between isochronous generators and battery energy storage systems in islanded microgrids|
    EP3487027A1|2017-11-21|2019-05-22|Schneider Electric Industries SAS|Method for controlling a microgrid|
    CN107732976B|2017-11-27|2020-10-30|山东理工大学|Method for generating synchronous constant-frequency current phasor in full-inverter type microgrid|
    FR3076107B1|2017-12-21|2021-02-12|Socomec Sa|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REGULATING AN ELECTRIC CONVERTER FOR AUTONOMOUS FREQUENCY STABILIZATION WITH LOAD TRANSITORIES IN A MICRO-GRID INCLUDING A DIESEL GENERATOR|
    CN108318778B|2017-12-22|2020-08-25|国网山东省电力公司泰安供电公司|Cable joint fault detection device with self-updating simulation data|
    CN108306311B|2018-02-09|2021-12-07|南京工程学院|Control system and method for responding to power grid frequency modulation demand between DC load system partitions|
    DE102019133566A1|2019-12-09|2021-06-10|Rwe Renewables Gmbh|Process and stabilization controller for operating an island network|
    法律状态:
    2016-12-12| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-06-30| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170630 |
    2017-12-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-12-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-12-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1563186A|FR3046304B1|2015-12-23|2015-12-23|METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION MICRO NETWORK|
    FR1563186|2015-12-23|FR1563186A| FR3046304B1|2015-12-23|2015-12-23|METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION MICRO NETWORK|
    CN201611144185.9A| CN106911145A|2015-12-23|2016-12-13|The control method of micro-capacitance sensor|
    US15/378,662| US10554047B2|2015-12-23|2016-12-14|Control method of an electric microgrid|
    EP16206504.9A| EP3185386A1|2015-12-23|2016-12-22|Method for controlling a micro-network for electricity distribution|
    [返回顶部]