• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    A method of configuring communication parameters of a first gateway of a LoRa network designated by a server of said network to relay a response to a request containing data received by the server, the data from a terminal of said network, the response being transmitted by the server and intended for the terminal. The method comprises, when implemented by the first gateway: obtaining communication parameters; and, configuring the first gateway to transmit the response to the terminal using said parameters; said parameters being obtained by a determining determination procedure (52, 53, 54), when a distance between the first gateway and a second gateway is less than a threshold, communication parameters to ensure reliable transmission of the first gateway to the terminal and to minimize a disturbance by said communications transmission of the second gateway.
    公开号:FR3044198A1
    申请号:FR1561345
    申请日:2015-11-25
    公开日:2017-05-26
    发明作者:Henri Teboulle；Paolo Moro
    申请人:Sagemcom Energy and Telecom SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for configuring communication parameters of a gateway in a long-range wireless network and for low power consumption, a device and a system implementing the method. The Internet is gradually being transformed into an extensive network, called the "Internet of Things", connecting all kinds of objects that have become connectable. New network requirements then emerged, including wireless network requirements with greater coverage than conventional cellular networks and limiting power consumption of connected equipment. Among these wide range and low power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) wireless networks in English terminology are networks based on the LoRa (registered trademark) technology. Long Range "in Anglo-Saxon terminology). LoRa technology operates in frequency bands known as the ISM Band (Industry, Science and Medical) with frequency bands that can be used freely for industrial, scientific and medical applications. LoRa technology is based on a spread spectrum technology to obtain low bit rate communications with good robustness in a particularly noisy ISM band.
    A network based on LoRa technology (called "LoRa network" thereafter) is composed of base stations or gateways ("gateways" in English terminology) generally placed on high points to cover a large geographical area. The gateways are able to detect messages sent in their area by devices or terminals ("endpoints" in English terminology) and to trace them to at least one centralized server ("LoRa Network Server (LNS)" in English terminology. Saxon) who will treat them.
    In a LoRa network a device is not attached to a gateway. All gateways within range of a terminal can serve as a relay between said terminal and the centralized server. If a gateway succeeds in decoding a message sent by a terminal (uplink), then it retransmits it to the centralized server for processing. If a message must be transmitted from a centralized server to said terminal (downstream), it is the centralized server that will determine which gateway must relay the message.
    Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B and 5C illustrate the spread spectrum technology applied to a binary data signal.
    Fig. 4A schematically illustrates a signal d (t) of binary data to which spread spectrum is to be applied. In the example of FIG. 4A, the signal d (t) takes voltage values "1" or "-1", the voltage value "1" indicates a binary "1", the voltage value "-1" indicates a "0" binary . The signal d (t) is of bit period Td.
    Fig. 4B schematically illustrates a pseudo random binary p (t) signal used in the spread spectrum. In the example of FIG. 4B, the signal p (t) takes voltage values "1" or "-1", the voltage value "1" indicates a binary "1", the voltage value "-1" indicates a "0" binary . The signal p (t) is of bit period Tp with the bit period Tp much less than the bit period Td. Note that the signalp (t) is sometimes called a spreading signal.
    Fig. 4C schematically illustrates a signal obtained after applying a spread spectrum to the binary data signal d (t). When spreading the spectrum, the signal d (t) is combined with the spreading signal p (t): a combination of a voltage value "1" with a voltage value "1" gives a voltage value " 1 "; a combination of a voltage value "1" with a voltage value "-1" gives a voltage value "-1"; a combination of a voltage value "-1" with a voltage value "-1" gives a voltage value "1". The signal resulting from the spread spectrum, denoted d (t) p (t) is of bit period Tp when the bit period Td is a multiple of the bit period Tp.
    Fig. 5A schematically illustrates a power spectral density of the binary data signal d (t). The power spectral density, denoted DSP (d (t)), takes the form of a main lobe 70, centered on a central frequency and having a frequency bandwidth of -, surrounded by secondary lobes (71, 72). having a * d frequency bandwidth of -.
    td
    Fig. 5B schematically illustrates a power spectral density of the pseudo-random binary signal p (t). The power spectral density, denoted DSP (p (t)), takes the form of a main lobe, centered on a central frequency and having a frequency bandwidth of -, surrounded by secondary lobes having
    Tv a frequency bandwidth of -.
    TV
    Fig. 5C schematically illustrates a power spectral density of the binary data signal on which spread spectrum has been applied. The power spectral density, denoted DSP (d (t) p (t)), takes the form of a main centered lobe 2 on a central frequency and having a frequency bandwidth of -, surrounded
    Secondary lobe TV having a frequency bandwidth of -. We note that after
    Applying spread spectrum to the binary data signal d (t), the signal d (t) p (t) retains the same energy as the signal d (t) but is distributed over a larger frequency band.
    Fig. Figure 6 schematically illustrates the power spectral densities of a set of available channels in a LoRa network. LoRa technology defines a set of channels, each channel being associated with a central frequency of a set of central frequencies of the ISM band that can be used in LoRa networks, called the LoRa central frequency set. The set of central LoRa frequencies is shown in Table TAB 1 below, each frequency being expressed in MHz.
    TAB 1:
    Each channel is associated with a power spectral density centered on one of the central frequencies of the LoRa central frequency set. The center frequencies 60 to 66 shown in FIG. 6 are consecutive center frequencies of the LoRa central frequency set. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the power spectral densities associated with two consecutive center frequencies, for example the center frequencies 63 and 64, largely overlap. There is therefore a significant risk that a communication in a spectral band centered on a first central frequency, is affected by interference caused by communications in spectral bands centered on central second frequencies close to the first central frequency. For example, a communication in a spectral band centered on the central frequency 63 would be affected by interference caused by a communication in a spectral band centered on the central frequency 62 or the central frequency 64.
    Such an interference problem can occur when a plurality of geographically close gateways have not been judiciously configured in terms of central frequencies, but also in terms of the power (or level) of transmission or in terms of modulations used. . Indeed, if these two gateways use spectral bands centered on near central frequencies, their communications have significant chances of interfering.
    Moreover, it is known that the ISM band has characteristics (error rate, signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, ...) that vary very rapidly and are unpredictable. Since data transmission takes the form of frames in a LoRa network, it is not uncommon for a period of variation of the characteristics of a LoRa network to be of the order of a duration of one or a few frames.
    It is desirable to overcome these disadvantages of the state of the art. It is particularly desirable to provide a method for configuring a gateway of a LoRa network by taking into account a geographical proximity of said gateway with other gateways. It is furthermore desirable that this method is sufficiently reactive to take into account the rapid variations in LoRa network characteristics.
    It is also desirable to provide a method that is simple to implement and low cost.
    According to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention relates to a method of configuring, in a long-range wireless network and allowing a low power consumption, communication parameters of a gateway, referred to as the first gateway, designated by a server of said network for relaying information representative of a response to a request containing data received by the server, the data coming from a terminal of said network, the information representative of a response being transmitted by the server and intended for the terminal . The method comprises, when implemented by the first gateway: obtaining communication parameters between said first gateway and said terminal; and, configuring the first gateway to transmit information representative of a response using each obtained communication parameter; the communication parameters being obtained by a determination procedure comprising: obtaining at least one information representative of a distance between the first gateway and at least one second gateway; when at least one second gateway is located at a distance from the first lower gateway at a predefined distance, determining communication parameters to ensure reliable transmission of the first gateway to the terminal and to minimize a disturbance by said transmission of communications of each second gateway located at a distance from the first gateway lower than the predefined distance.
    Thus, a risk is minimized so that the communications of two close gateways mutually disturb each other, because this principle is applied for all the gateways.
    According to one embodiment, said network is based on the LoRa technology, the data coming from the terminal being derived from a so-called uplink frame, transmitted in multicast mode by the terminal and received by a set of gateways comprising at least the first one. gateway, and the information representative of a response is transmitted by the first gateway to the terminal in a frame, called downlink.
    According to one embodiment, the communication parameters comprise a central frequency and a determination of the central frequency to be used by the first gateway for transmitting the information representative of a response consists in selecting from among a set of predefined central frequencies, a central frequency having a central frequency deviation, used by each second gateway located at a distance from the first gateway less than the predefined distance, greater than a predefined distance.
    According to one embodiment, the communication parameters furthermore comprise a modulation and / or a transmission level, and the modulation and / or the emission level are determined using information representative of a quality of reception measured during a transmission. receiving the uplink by the first gateway and comprising information representative of a signal strength indication of a RSSI received signal and SNR signal-to-noise ratio information.
    According to one embodiment, a determination of the modulation consists in selecting from a set of modulations, each modulation of said set being associated with a bit rate, a minimum acceptable reception sensitivity and a minimum acceptable signal-to-noise ratio, a modulation associated with the modulation. highest bit rate possible and verifying each criterion from a first and a second criterion, the first criterion being such that the information representative of a power indication of a received signal RSSI must be such that: RSSI> (5 + CR55 /) where S is the minimum acceptable reception sensitivity associated with said modulation and CRSSI is a first predefined constant and the second criterion is such that the signal-to-noise ratio information SNR must be such that: SNR> (Λ + CSNR where A is the minimum acceptable signal to noise ratio associated with said modulation and CSNR is a second predefined constant de ned.
    According to one embodiment, when a modulation has been selected, the emission level POWE is determined as follows: POWE = max (Nmax - min ((SNR - (A + CSNR), (, RSSI - ( S + CRSSI)), Nmin) where Nmax is a predefined maximum transmission level, Nmin is a predefined minimum emission level, min (x, y) is a function taking the minimum between an x value and a value >> max (x, y) is a function taking the maximum between the value x and the value>
    According to one embodiment, the determination procedure is implemented by said server, the information representing a quality of reception being transmitted to the server by said first gateway, and each communication parameter determined by the determination procedure is transmitted by the server at the first gateway.
    According to one embodiment, the distance information is determined from information representative of a geolocation of the first gateway and of each second gateway received by the server.
    According to one embodiment, in the determination procedure, the determination of the central frequency is implemented by the first gateway, the determination of the modulation and the transmission level being implemented by the server or the first gateway. .
    According to one embodiment, the distance information is determined from information representative of a geolocation of the second gateways received by the first gateway.
    According to one embodiment, each geolocation information of a second gateway has been transmitted in a frame by a second gateway having measured said geolocation information, said second gateway temporarily passing for a terminal to transmit said frame.
    According to one embodiment, prior to transmission of the frame comprising geolocation information, the second gateway to transmit said frame has implemented an identification procedure allowing it to identify itself to other gateways belonging to said network comprising the first gateway, said identification procedure being based on a transmission of a signature representative of said gateway and recognizable by each gateway of said network in the form of a series of predefined empty frames, each empty frame being transmitted with a level of predefined emission.
    According to one embodiment, communication parameters are obtained for each uplink transmitted by the terminal and relayed by the first gateway or at regular intervals, a duration of each interval can be fixed or adapted according to statistics on a speed of variation characteristics of a frequency band used by said network.
    According to a second aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a device for determining communication parameters of a gateway, called the first gateway, with a terminal, the first gateway and the terminal being included in a long-range wireless network. and allowing low energy consumption. The device comprises: obtaining means for obtaining at least one piece of information representative of a distance between the first gateway and at least one second gateway; and, determination means, implemented when at least one second gateway is located at a distance from the first lower gateway at a predefined distance, for determining communication parameters to ensure reliable transmission of the first gateway to the terminal and to minimize a disturbance by said communications transmission of each second gateway located at a distance from the first lower gateway to the predefined distance.
    According to a third aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a configuration system, in a long-range wireless network and allowing a low power consumption, of communication parameters of a gateway, called the first gateway, designated by a server of said network for relaying information representative of a response to a request containing data received by the server, the data coming from a terminal of said network, the information representative of a response being transmitted by the server and intended for the terminal . The system comprises: obtaining means for obtaining communication parameters between said first gateway and said terminal; and, configuration means for configuring the first gateway to transmit information representative of a response using each obtained communication parameter; and, a device according to the second aspect.
    According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a computer program, comprising instructions for implementing, by a device, the method according to the first aspect, when said program is executed by a processor of said device.
    According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the invention relates to storage means, storing a computer program comprising instructions for implementing, by a device, the method according to the first aspect, when said program is executed by a processor of said device.
    The characteristics of the invention mentioned above, as well as others, will emerge more clearly on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, said description being given in relation to the attached drawings, among which: Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a LoRa network in which the invention is implemented; FIG. 2A schematically illustrates a processing module included in a server; FIG. 2B schematically illustrates a processing module included in a gateway; FIG. 3A schematically illustrates a method of configuring a gateway according to the invention; FIG. 3B schematically illustrates a method implemented by a server when receiving data from a terminal; FIG. 3C schematically illustrates a procedure for determining communication parameters according to the invention; FIG. 4A schematically illustrates a binary data signal on which spread spectrum is to be applied; FIG. 4B schematically illustrates a pseudo-random bit signal used in the spread spectrum; FIG. 4C schematically illustrates a signal obtained after applying a spread spectrum to the binary data signal; FIG. 5A schematically illustrates a power spectral density of the binary data signal; FIG. 5B schematically illustrates a power spectral density of the pseudo-random binary signal; FIG. 5C schematically illustrates a power spectral density of the binary data signal on which spread spectrum has been applied; and, - Figure 6 schematically illustrates the power spectral densities of a set of available channels in a LoRa network. The invention is described later in a LoRa network context. However, the invention is applicable in other contexts for all types of long-range wireless networks with low power consumption and in which communications use spread spectrum technology.
    Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a LoRa 1 network in which the invention is implemented.
    In the example of FIG. 1, the LoRa 1 network comprises a server 10, two gateways 11A and 11B and a terminal 12. The gateway 11A (respectively the gateway 11B) communicates with the server 10 via a wired or wireless communication link 14A (respectively 14B). The gateway 11A (respectively the gateway 11B) communicates with the terminal 12 via a wireless communication link 13A (respectively 13B).
    The server 10 comprises a processing module 100. The gateway 11A (respectively 11B) comprises a processing module 110A (respectively 110B).
    In one embodiment, the gateways 11A and 11B can communicate with each other via a wireless communication link 15. To do this, each gateway wishing to communicate with another gateway uses a feature offered by the LoRaWAN protocol which is to allow a gateway to pass temporarily for a terminal.
    It is noted that the communications between the terminals and the gateways and the communications between gateways of a LoRa network use LoRaWAN compatible frames, the frames being transmitted in multicast mode ("broadcast" in English terminology). The document LoRaWAN 1.1 ("draft LoRaWAN 1.1" in English terminology) of August 2015 defines the communications between the terminals and the gateways of a LoRa network.
    It is further assumed that the channels (and therefore the center frequencies and spectral bands) used by the gateways 11A and 11B in the network 1 to communicate with the terminal 12 are different from the channels used by the terminal 12 to communicate with the terminals. gateways 11A and IB.
    Fig. 2A schematically illustrates an example of hardware architecture of the processing module 100 included in the server 10.
    According to the example of hardware architecture shown in FIG. 2A, the processing module 100 then comprises, connected by a communication bus 1000: a processor or CPU ("Central Processing Unit" in English) 1001; Random Access Memory (RAM) 1002; a ROM (Read Only Memory) 1003; a storage unit such as a hard disk or a storage medium reader, such as a Secure Digital (SD) card reader 1004; at least one communication interface 1005 enabling the processing module 100 to communicate with other modules or devices. For example, the communication interface 1005 enables the processing module 100 to communicate with other modules of the server 10 or with other devices such as the gateways 11A and 11B.
    The processor 1001 is capable of executing instructions loaded into the RAM 1002 from the ROM 1003, an external memory (not shown), a storage medium (such as an SD card), or a communication network. When the server 10 is turned on, the processor 1001 is able to read RAM 1002 instructions and execute them. In one embodiment, these instructions form a computer program causing the processor 1001 to completely or partially implement the methods described below in relation with FIGS. 3B and 3C.
    The methods described in connection with FIGS. 3B and 3C can be implemented in software form by executing a set of instructions by a programmable machine, for example a DSP ("Digital Signal Processor" in English) or a microcontroller, or be implemented in hardware form by a machine or a dedicated component, for example an FPGA ("Field Programmable Gate Array" in English) or an ASIC ("Application-Specific Integrated Circuit" in English).
    Fig. 2B schematically illustrates an example of a hardware architecture of the processing module 110A included in the gateway 11 A. The processing module 110B is identical.
    According to the example of hardware architecture shown in FIG. 2B, the processing unit 11 OA then comprises, connected by a communication bus 1100: a processor or CPU ("Central Processing Unit" in English) 1101; Random Access Memory (RAM) 1102; a ROM (Read Only Memory) 1103; a storage unit such as a hard disk or a storage medium reader, such as a Secure Digital (SD) card reader 1104; at least one communication interface 1105 enabling the processing module 110A to communicate with other modules or devices. For example, the communication interface 1105 allows the processing module 110A to communicate with the server 10 or with the gateway IB.
    The processor 1101 is capable of executing instructions loaded into the RAM 1002 from the ROM 1003, an external memory (not shown), a storage medium (such as an SD card), or a communication network. When the gateway 11a is turned on, the processor 1101 is able to read instructions from RAM 1102 and execute them. In one embodiment, these instructions form a computer program causing the processor 1101 to completely or partially implement the methods described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3C.
    The methods described in connection with FIGS. 3A and 3C can be implemented in software form by executing a set of instructions by a programmable machine, for example a DSP ("Digital Signal Processor" in English) or a microcontroller, or be implemented in hardware form by a machine or a dedicated component, for example an FPGA ("Field Programmable Gate Array" in English) or an ASIC ("Application-Specific Integrated Circuit" in English).
    Fig. 3B schematically illustrates a method implemented by a server during a reception of data from a terminal.
    In the example of FIG. 3B, it is assumed that the terminal 12 has transmitted a frame to the server 10. This frame, called the rising frame, has been transmitted in multicast mode so that each gateway within range of the terminal 12 has received this upstream frame. In the example of the LoRa 1 network, it is assumed that the gateways 11A and 11B receive each uplink transmitted by the terminal 12. When a gateway of a LoRa network receives an uplink intended for a server, it decodes it and inserts data contained in this upstream frame into an HTTP request (hypertext transfer protocol, called "HyperText Transfer Protocol" in English terminology), said rising HTTP request, then transmits this rising HTTP request to the LoRa network server in point-to-point .
    In a step 40, the processing module 100 of the server 10 receives at least one HTTP request containing the data contained in the upstream frame. In the example of FIG. 1, the server 10 receives two rising HTTP requests, one from the gateway 11A and the other from the gateway 11B. When the processing module 100 receives the rising HTTP requests, it processes them.
    In a step 41, the processing module 100 designates a gateway among the gateways having relayed the upstream frame to relay information representative of a response to the upstream frame to the terminal 12. To do this, the server 10 uses a designation procedure based, for example, on a comparison of information representative of a reception quality measured during the reception of the uplink by each gateway relaying the uplink. The information representative of a reception quality thus measured has been transmitted to the server 10 by the gateways 11A and 11B, for example by inserting this information into the upstream HTTP requests in a JSON format (JavaScript object notation: "JavaScript Object Notation "in English terminology). The server for example designates the gateway 11A having a reception quality higher than the gateway 11B. In one embodiment, the information representative of a reception quality includes an indication of the power of a received signal ("Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)" in English terminology), the received signal corresponding to the rising frame , and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measured on said signal. The designated gateway may, for example, be the gateway associated with the highest power indication value of a received signal, or the highest signal-to-noise ratio, or maximizing a metric combining the value of power indication of a received signal and the signal-to-noise ratio value.
    In a step 42, the processing module 100 implements a determination procedure to determine communication parameters to be used by the designated gateway (here the gateway 11A). We describe the determination procedure later in connection with FIG. 3C.
    In a step 43, the processing module 100 transmits a point-to-point response towards the terminal 12. A single response is transmitted towards the terminal 12 for all the upstream HTTP requests concerning the same upstream frame. It should be noted that the LoRaWAN protocol however makes it possible, in a programmable manner, to repeat a frame a certain number of times (this number being typically equal to 2, ie 3 transmissions of the same frame at most in this case), and this in the sense amount and in the downward direction, independently. Information representative of the response is inserted by the server 10 in an HTTP request, called a downlink HTTP request, and the downstream HTTP request is transmitted point-to-point to the gateway designated by the server 10. In the example of FIG. 1, the downstream HTTP request is forwarded to the 11A gateway.
    In an exemplary implementation of the method described in relation to FIG. 3B, the rising frame transmitted by the terminal 12 is a request for attachment to the LoRa 1 network. This request, called JOIN REQUEST in the LoRaWAN protocol, is then relayed by each gateway located within the reach of the terminal 12 (in the example of FIG. Fig. 1, the frame containing the attachment request is relayed by the gateways 11A and 11B) encapsulating it in each generated upstream HTTP request. When the server accepts that the terminal 12 joins the LoRa 1 network, the downstream HTTP request transmitted by the server 10 encapsulates a downlink, called JOIN ACCEPT, allowing the terminal 12 to be attached to the LoRa 1 network. The downlink is then transmitted. in multicast mode by the gateway 11A and the terminal 12 receives it.
    When it receives the downlink HTTP request transmitted by the server 10, the processing module 11 OA of the gateway 11A decodes it and applies a method described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 3 A.
    Fig. 3A schematically illustrates a method of configuring a gateway according to the invention.
    In a step 30, the processing module 110A obtains communication parameters between said gateway 11A and said terminal 12. Each transmission by the gateway 11A of downstream frames towards the terminal 12 according to step 30 must use the parameters obtained and this as the processing module 110A does not obtain new communication parameters. When, as indicated in connection with the example of FIG. 3B, the server 10 implements the determination procedure (corresponding to step 42), the communication parameters were determined by the processing module 100 of the server 10. In this embodiment, the communication parameters are transmitted at the gateway 11A in the downlink HTTP request containing the information representative of a response.
    In one embodiment, the communications parameters are inserted into the downstream HTTP request in the JSON format.
    In one embodiment, the communication parameters include a center frequency to be used by the 11A gateway.
    In one embodiment, the communication parameters further comprise a modulation and / or a transmission level to be used by the 11A gateway.
    In a step 31, the processing module 11 OA configures the gateway 11A so that the information representative of a response is transmitted to the terminal 12 using each communication parameter obtained.
    In one embodiment, the designated gateway obtains communication parameters for each uplink transmitted by the terminal 12 that it relayed. Thus, the gateway can potentially obtain new communication parameters for each downlink that it has to transmit to a terminal, which ensures a very high reactivity to the rapid changes in characteristics of the ISM band.
    In one embodiment, the designated gateway obtains communication parameters at regular intervals, for example every second or every minute or hour. A duration of the interval between two accesses of communication parameters can then be fixed or adapted according to statistics on the speed of variation of the characteristics of the ISM band, which makes it possible to reduce a computational cost of the determination of communication parameters. .
    Fig. 3C schematically illustrates a procedure for determining communication parameters according to the invention.
    As seen above in connection with step 42 of FIG. 3B, in one embodiment, the procedure for determining communication parameters is implemented by the processing module 100 of the server 10.
    In a step 50, the processing module 100 obtains at least one distance information between the gateway 11A and at least one other gateway, i.e. the gateway 11B in the network 1. In the example of FIG. 1, the processing module 100 obtains a distance information between the gateway 11A and the gateway IB.
    In one embodiment, the processing module knows geolocation information of each gateway of the network 1 and deduces the distances between each gateway network 1 taken two by two. This information has for example been obtained during the installation of these gateways and transmitted by an installer to the server 10. In one embodiment, each gateway has a geolocation module (for example a GPS module ("Global Positioning System" in English terminology)) and is able to transmit to the server 10 geolocation coordinates (longitude, latitude, altitude) that it has measured. These geolocation coordinates can for example be inserted in a rising HTTP request in JSON format, the rising HTTP request can be transmitted at any time by each gateway of the network 1, for example during its installation or on request of the server.
    In an embodiment in which a LoRa network has a greater number of gateways, the processing module 100 could receive distance information including a distance between the designated gateway and each other LoRa network gateway or a distance between the designated gateway and a set of gateways adjacent to the designated gateway in the LoRa network.
    In a step 51, the processing module 100 compares each distance obtained with a predefined distance. The predefined distance and a distance such as two gateways at a distance less than the predefined distance could interfere with each other's communications. When at least one gateway of a LoRa network is located at a distance from the designated gateway less than the predefined distance, the processing module 100 determines in steps 52, 53 and 54, communication parameters to ensure reliable transmission of the designated gateway to the terminal 12 and minimizing disruption by said communications transmission of the LoRa network gateways located at a distance from the designated gateway less than the predefined distance. In the example of FIG. 1, steps 52, 53 and 54 are implemented when the distance between the gateway 11A and the gateway 11B is less than the predefined distance. In one embodiment, the predefined distance is equal to "200m".
    As discussed above, LoRa communications use spread spectrum technology. Each of the "31" channels defined by LoRa technology is associated with a power spectral density centered on a central frequency. Two gateways that are geographically close to each other may disturb each other if they emit in near frequency bands, that is, when their spectral power density has a high overlap. It is therefore preferable that nearby gateways have spectral densities of power that do not overlap or little. It is possible to control the overlap between power spectral densities associated with gateways by controlling a difference between their center frequencies.
    In step 52, the processing module 100 obtains the central frequency received by each of the gateways located at a distance from the designated gateway less than the predefined distance. In one embodiment, each uplink HTTP request transmitted by a gateway relaying the data included in the uplink sent by the terminal 12 includes information representative of the central frequency received by said gateway. For example, the upstream HTTP requests transmitted by the gateways 11A and 11B respectively comprise information representative of the central frequency received by the gateway 11A and information representative of the central frequency received by the gateway 11B. This information is for example inserted in each rising HTTP request in JSON format. Independently, the server 10 programming the central frequencies to be used by each gateway to transmit frames to each terminal of the LoRa 1 network, it knows exactly what is the last central frequency used in transmission by each gateway to communicate with each terminal.
    Subsequently, in step 52, the processing module 100 selects from the center frequency set LoRa a central frequency having a deviation from the center frequencies used by the gateways located at a distance from the designated gateway less than the predefined distance greater than a predefined distance. In one embodiment, the predefined deviation is equal to "3" Mhz. In the example of FIG. 1, if the center frequency associated with the gateway 11B is equal to "863.1" Mhz, the processing module 100 chooses a center frequency greater than "866.1" Mhz, which leaves "15" possible center frequencies in the central LoRa frequency set.
    Optionally, it is possible to act on other communication parameters than the central frequency. Among the parameters that can be adjusted in a LoRa communication, and outside the central frequency, it is possible to act on a modulation and / or a transmission level used by the designated gateway to communicate with the terminal 12.
    In one embodiment, the modulation and / or the transmission level are determined using the reception quality representative information measured upon receipt of the uplink received by the designated gateway. As discussed above, this information representative of reception quality includes information representative of an indication of the power of a received signal, represented subsequently by an RSSI value and signal-to-noise information information. , represented subsequently by an SNR value.
    In a step 53, the processing module determines the modulation by selecting from a set of modulations, each modulation of said set being associated with a bit rate, a minimum acceptable reception sensitivity and an acceptable minimum signal-to-noise ratio, a modulation associated with the modulation. the highest possible bit rate and checking each criterion among first and second criteria.
    LoRa technology defines "7" possible modulations that we have grouped together in Table TAB 2 below.
    TAB 2
    For example, the first modulation, MOD 1, is associated with a bit rate of 50Kbits / s, a minimum acceptable reception sensitivity Λ -105dBm, and an acceptable minimum signal-to-noise ratio A = 7.5 dBm.
    The first criterion is such that the information representative of a power indication of a received signal RSSI must be such that: RSSI> (S + CRSSI)
    where CRSSI is a first predefined constant. In a realization mode, CRSS / = 25 dBm, this value making it possible to have a sufficient margin in order to minimize the risks of retransmission of the frame due to rapid variations of disturbances in the ISM band, which would have harmful consequences. on the network load.
    The second criterion is such that SNR signal to noise ratio information must be such that: SNR> (Λ + CSNR) where CSNR is a second predefined constant. In one embodiment, CRSSi = 3 dB, this value making it possible to have a sufficient margin in order to minimize the risks of retransmission of the frame due to the rapid variations of the disturbances in the ISM band, which would have harmful consequences on the load network. It is thus considered that a transmission with a noise margin <3 dB is not viable.
    When a modulation could be selected, the emission level, represented by a variable POWE, is determined in step 54 as follows: POWE = max (Nmax - min ((SNR - (A + CSNR) , (RSSI - (S + CRSSI)), Nmin) where Nmax is a predefined maximum transmission level, Nmin is a predefined minimum emission level, min (x, y) is a function taking the minimum between a value x and a value y, max (x, y) is a function taking the maximum between the value x and the value y In one embodiment Nmax = 27 dBm and Nmin = 0 dBm, corresponding to ranges of values typically used for gateways in LoRa networks in Europe.
    If no modulation can be determined, the processing module 100 proceeds directly to step 43. The downstream HTTP request is transmitted without communication parameters relating to a modulation and a transmission level. When the designated gateway receives this downlink HTTP request, it does not reconfigure its communication parameters relating to the modulation and the transmission level and therefore retains a previously obtained modulation and emission level. As an alternative to this embodiment, it is also possible to apply in this case the most robust modulation (here MOD 7 modulation).
    When no LoRa network gateway is located at a distance from the designated gateway less than the predefined distance, the processing module 100 does not determine new communication parameters and goes directly to step 43. In this case, the downlink HTTP request is transmitted without a communication parameter and the designated gateway receiving this downlink HTTP request reuses previously obtained communication parameters. As an alternative to this embodiment, the most robust modulation (i.e. MOD 7) can be applied in this case.
    In one embodiment, it is the designated gateway (here gateway 11A) through its processing module (110A) which implements the determination procedure described in relation to FIG. 3C. In this embodiment, the processing module 100 of the server 10 implements the steps 40, 41 and 43 described in connection with FIG. 3B and transmits to the designated gateway, a downlink HTTP request containing data representative of a response but not including communication parameters. The designated gateway receiving this downlink HTTP request, implements step 42 in step 30 and therefore determines its own communication parameters. In this embodiment, obtaining the distances between gateways is based on information exchanged between the gateways. It is assumed here that the LoRa 1 network gateways exchanged geolocation information that they measured using a geolocation module. To implement these exchanges, each gateway is passed temporarily for a terminal and transmits a frame in multicast mode including its geolocation information. Each gateway receiving this frame, retrieves the geolocation information it contains, determines a distance separating it from the gateway having sent this frame, and stores said distance to use it during step 50. These frames containing information of geolocation can be transmitted for example, during the installation of the gateway or at regular intervals.
    In one embodiment, each gateway of the LoRa 1 network (here the gateways 11A and 11B) implements the determination procedure described in relation with FIG. 3C independently of a transmission of an uplink by the terminal 12. This implementation of the determination procedure can be done for example at regular intervals. As in the previous embodiment, in this embodiment, obtaining the distances between gateways is based on geolocation information exchanged between the gateways. Thus, in this embodiment, when a designated gateway is to transmit a downlink, it transmits it with the last communication parameters it has determined.
    In this embodiment, the LoRa network gateways must divide the frequencies of the LoRa frequency set with each other. To do this, knowing that each gateway of a LoRa network knows a MAC address (Medium Access Control Address (MAC) in terms of each other gateway of the LoRa network, the gateways can divide the central frequencies according to their MAC address. For example, when two gateways are separated by a distance less than the predefined distance, the gateway associated with a lower MAC address value takes a higher center frequency than the other gateway.
    In one embodiment, steps 50, 51 and 52 of the determination procedure are implemented by the processing module (here 11 OA) of the designated gateway (here 11A) in step 30. The steps 53 and 54 are in turn implemented by the processing module 100 of the server 10 following the step 4L The designated gateway is therefore able to determine its central frequency, and the server 10 is capable of providing the gateway modulation and emission level. The server 10 (via its processing module 100) and the gateway 11A (via its processing module 110A) thus form a system implementing the method for configuring the communication parameters of the gateway 11 AT.
    Until then, we considered that the LoRa 1 network was not disrupted by another LoRa network. In this case, the configuration of the gateways only concerns the gateways of the same network, here the gateways 11A and 11B of the LoRa network 1. However, it is possible that at least one other LoRa network disrupts the LoRa 1 network. can be useful in this case to be able to identify the gateways belonging to the same network. In this way, in the embodiment where the gateways exchange geolocation information, a gateway capable of identifying gateways belonging to the same network can recognize the frames containing geolocation information from gateways of the same network. Thus, the frames containing geolocation information from gateways of the same network can be decoded while the other frames containing geolocation information are rejected. In one embodiment, each gateway of the same network, for example the gateways 11A and 11B of the network 1, applies an identification procedure. This identification procedure can for example be implemented during the installation of the gateway or at regular intervals. During this identification procedure each gateway transmits in multicast mode, a signature in the form of a series of empty frames. Each empty frame of said series is transmitted with a predefined emission level. Each empty frame can for example be transmitted with a transmission level chosen between two values. The two values of the emission level can for example be "+14" dBm and "+5" dBm. One of the two emission levels represents a binary "1" while the other emission level represents a binary "0". The series of empty frames is therefore representative of a binary word that another gateway can interpret as the signature of the gateway having sent said series. Indeed each gateway receiving the series of empty frames, can measure the emission level of each empty frame and deduce the associated binary word. In this embodiment, each gateway of the same LoRa network knows the signatures of other gateways of the same network or at least characteristics of these signatures allowing it to recognize them. In a variant of this embodiment, all the gateways of the same LoRa network have the same signature. Thus, a gateway is able to determine, when it receives a series of empty frames, whether the gateway having issued said series belongs to the same LoRa network or not. When a first gateway has been identified by a second gateway as belonging to the same LoRa network as a second gateway, the second gateway stores the MAC address of the first gateway and associates this MAC address with information indicating that the first and the second gateway second gateways belong to the same LoRa network. In this way, each time the second gateway receives a frame containing geolocation information and having a MAC address corresponding to a gateway belonging to the same LoRa network, it retrieves the geolocation information. Otherwise, the second gateway rejects the frame. Note that in this embodiment, all exchanged frames (empty frames and frames containing geolocation information) are transmitted by temporary gateways for terminals.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1) A method of configuring, in a long range wireless network and allowing low power consumption, communication parameters of a gateway (11A), called first gateway, designated (41) by a server (10). ) of said network (1) to relay information representative of a response to a request containing data received (40) by the server, the data from a terminal (12) of said network, the information representative of a response being transmitted (43) by the server (10) and intended for the terminal (12), characterized in that the method comprises, when it is implemented by the first gateway: obtaining (30) communication parameters between said first gateway ( 11A) and said terminal (12); and, configuring (31) the first gateway (11A) to transmit information representative of a response using each obtained communication parameter; the communication parameters being obtained (42) by a determination procedure comprising: obtaining (50) at least one information representative of a distance between the first gateway (11A) and at least one second gateway (1IB); when at least one second gateway is located at a distance from the first lower gateway at a predefined distance, determining (52, 53, 54) communication parameters to ensure reliable transmission of the first gateway to the terminal and minimizing a disruption by said communications transmission of each second gateway located at a distance from the first lower gateway to the predefined distance.
    [0002]
    2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said network is based on LoRa technology and in that the data from the terminal are derived from a frame, called rising frame, transmitted in multicast mode by the terminal 12 and received by a set of gateways (11A, 1IB) comprising at least the first gateway (11A), and the information representative of a response is transmitted by the first gateway (11A) to the terminal (12) in a frame, called downlink.
    [0003]
    3) Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the communication parameters comprise a central frequency and in that a determination of the central frequency to be used by the first gateway for transmitting the information representative of a response consists in selecting among a set of predefined central frequencies, a central frequency having a difference with central frequencies, used by each second gateway located at a distance from the first gateway less than the predefined distance, greater than a predefined distance.
    [0004]
    4) Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the communication parameters further comprise a modulation and / or a transmission level, and in that the modulation and / or the emission level are determined using information representative of a reception quality measured upon reception of the uplink by the first gateway and comprising information representative of a signal strength indication of a RSSI received signal and SNR signal-to-noise ratio information.
    [0005]
    5) Method according to claim 4, characterized in that a determination of the modulation consists in selecting from a set of modulations, each modulation of said set being associated with a bit rate, a minimum acceptable reception sensitivity and a signal-to-noise ratio. minimum acceptable, a modulation associated with the highest bit rate possible and verifying each criterion from a first and a second criteria, the first criterion being such that the information representative of a power indication of a received signal RSSI must be such that: RSSI> (5 + Crssj) where S is the minimum acceptable reception sensitivity associated with said modulation and CRSSI is a first predefined constant and the second criterion being such that the signal-to-noise ratio information SNR must be such that: SNR> (A + CSNR) where A is the minimum acceptable signal-to-noise ratio associated with said modulation and CSNR is a second predefined constant.
    [0006]
    6) Method according to claim 5, characterized in that, when a modulation has been selected, the emission level POWE is determined as follows: POWE = max (Nmax - min ((SNR - (A + CSNR ), (RSSI - (5 + CRSSI)), Nmin) where Nmax is a predefined maximum transmission level, Nmin is a predefined minimum emission level, min (x, y) is a function taking the minimum between a value x and a value ^, max (x, y) is a function taking the maximum between the value x and the value ^.
    [0007]
    7) Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the determination procedure is implemented by said server, the information representative of a reception quality being transmitted to the server by said first gateway, and in that that each communication parameter determined by the determination procedure is transmitted by the server to the first gateway.
    [0008]
    8) Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the distance information is determined from information representative of a geolocation of the first gateway and each second gateway received by the server.
    [0009]
    9) Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, in the determination procedure, the determination of the central frequency is implemented by the first gateway, the determination of the modulation and the emission level being implemented by the server or by the first gateway.
    [0010]
    10) Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the distance information is determined from information representative of a geolocation of each second gateway received by the first gateway.
    [0011]
    11) A method according to claim 10, characterized in that each geolocation information of a second gateway has been transmitted in a frame by a second gateway having measured said geolocation information, said second gateway being passed temporarily for a terminal to transmit said frame.
    [0012]
    12) Method according to claim 11, characterized in that, prior to transmission of the frame comprising a geolocation information, the second gateway to transmit said frame has implemented an identification procedure allowing it to identify itself with other gateways belonging to said network comprising the first gateway, said identification procedure being based on a transmission of a signature representative of said gateway and recognizable by each gateway of said network in the form of a series of predefined blank frames, each empty frame being transmitted with a predefined emission level.
    [0013]
    13) Method according to any one of claims 2 to 12 characterized in that communication parameters are obtained for each rising frame transmitted by the terminal and relayed by the first gateway or at regular intervals, a duration of each interval can be fixed or adapted according to statistics on a speed of variation of characteristics of a frequency band used by said network.
    [0014]
    14) Device for determining communication parameters of a gateway, said first gateway, with a terminal, the first gateway and the terminal being included in a long-range wireless network and allowing low power consumption, characterized in that the device comprises: obtaining means for obtaining (50) at least one information representative of a distance between the first gateway (11A) and at least one second gateway (1BB); and determining means, implemented when at least one second gateway is located at a distance from the first lower gateway at a predefined distance, for determining (52, 53, 54) communication parameters to ensure a reliably transmitting the first gateway to the terminal and minimizing a disruption by said communications transmission of each second gateway located at a distance from the first lower gateway to the predefined distance.
    [0015]
    15) Configuration system, in a long-range wireless network and allowing low power consumption, communication parameters of a gateway (11 A), called first gateway, designated (41) by a server (10) said network (1) to relay information representative of a response to a request containing data received (40) by the server (10), the data from a terminal (12) of said network, the information representative of a response being transmitted (43) by the server (10) and intended for the terminal (12), characterized in that the system comprises: obtaining means (30) for obtaining communication parameters between said first gateway (11 A) and said terminal (12); and, configuration means for configuring (31) the first gateway (11A) to transmit information representative of a response using each obtained communication parameter; and, a device according to claim 13.
    [0016]
    16) Computer program, characterized in that it comprises instructions for implementing, by a device (100, 110A), the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, when said program is executed by a processor of said device (100, 110A).
    [0017]
    17) Storage means, characterized in that they store a computer program comprising instructions for implementing, by a device (100, 110A), the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, when said program is executed by a processor of said device (100, 110A).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN108476436A|2018-08-31|
    EP3381222A1|2018-10-03|
    US10505666B2|2019-12-10|
    US20180343083A1|2018-11-29|
    WO2017089177A1|2017-06-01|
    FR3044198B1|2018-04-27|
    EP3381222B1|2020-01-08|
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1561345A|FR3044198B1|2015-11-25|2015-11-25|METHOD FOR CONFIGURING A GATEWAY|
    FR1561345|2015-11-25|FR1561345A| FR3044198B1|2015-11-25|2015-11-25|METHOD FOR CONFIGURING A GATEWAY|
    PCT/EP2016/077708| WO2017089177A1|2015-11-25|2016-11-15|Gateway configuration method|
    US15/778,769| US10505666B2|2015-11-25|2016-11-15|Gateway configuration method|
    EP16795350.4A| EP3381222B1|2015-11-25|2016-11-15|Gateway configuration method|
    CN201680075563.4A| CN108476436A|2015-11-25|2016-11-15|gateway configuration method|
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