• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a tire (1) comprising a tread (3) based on one or more thermoplastic elastomers, a vertex with a crown reinforcement (2), two sidewalls (5), two beads (4), a carcass reinforcement (6) anchored to the two beads (4) and extending from one sidewall (5) to the other, the thermoplastic elastomer (s) comprising at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block, characterized in that the tread (3) is crosslinked by means of electron bombardment after the baking of the tire at an exposure level of x kGy such that this crosslinking predominantly forms carbon-carbon bonds, x being able to take all the values allowing the ratio to be greater than or equal to 1.10. The invention also relates to a method of preparing the tire.
    公开号:FR3042439A1
    申请号:FR1559763
    申请日:2015-10-14
    公开日:2017-04-21
    发明作者:Emmanuel Custodero；Benjamin Gornard
    申请人:Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland ；Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA；Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Pneumatic tire comprising an electron-beam crosslinked tread
    The present invention relates to "pneumatic" objects, i.e., by definition, objects that take their usable form when inflated with air or an equivalent inflation gas.
    More particularly, the present invention relates to a tire comprising a tread based on one or more thermoplastic elastomers, the tread being crosslinked by means of electron bombardment after baking the tire at a level of exposure. of x kGy such that this crosslinking mainly forms carbon-carbon bonds, x being able to take all the values allowing the ratio
    to be greater than or equal to 1.10. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the tire according to the invention comprising in particular a post-bake crosslinking step of the tread by means of an electron bombardment.
    In a conventional tire, the tread is generally based on one or more diene elastomers.
    A constant goal of tire manufacturers is to improve tire grip on wet surfaces. In parallel, another objective is to decrease the rolling resistance of the tires. However, these two objectives are difficult to reconcile in that the improvement of the adhesion supposes to increase the hysteretic losses while the improvement of the resistance to the
    turnover involves lowering hysteretic losses. There is therefore a compromise of performance to optimize.
    Therefore, the applicants have previously developed (WO 2012152686) tires provided with a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer. These tires have a very good compromise of performance in adhesion and rolling resistance.
    In addition, the thermoplastic elastomer treads have a facilitated implementation due to a low temperature viscosity.
    However, on the finished tire, it may be that the low temperature rigidity desired for the implementation is then a problem for the performance of the tire, particularly in high temperature use. Indeed, during cycles of use of the tire such as braking, this can be translated in extreme cases by a softening of the tread which would have the effect of reducing the endurance of the tread.
    Therefore, there is a need to improve the temperature resistance of thermoplastic elastomer treads without degrading the possibilities of implementation of these thermoplastic elastomer treads.
    In particular, the use of crosslinking additives such as sulfur in tread formulations often has implementation constraints limiting productivity (roasting time for example).
    In DE 10 2012 105 730, an electronic bombardment of a traditional tread has been used to reduce the "stickiness" of this tread during the preparation of the tire. However, these treads are not based on thermoplastic elastomers and this document does not contain information on the performance of such treads.
    The Applicant has now surprisingly discovered that a tread cross-linking by means of electron bombardment, after the rest of the tire has been baked according to conventional techniques, makes it possible to meet the constraints previously formulated, in particular to improve the temperature resistance of thermoplastic elastomer treads while retaining the processing possibilities associated with these thermoplastic elastomer treads.
    Thus, the subject of the invention is a tire comprising a tread based on one or more thermoplastic elastomers, a crown with a crown reinforcement, two sidewalls, two beads, a carcass reinforcement anchored to the two beads, and extending from one side to the other, the thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers comprising at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block, characterized in that the tread is crosslinked, by means of electron bombardment after the baking of the pneumatic at an exposure level of x kGy such that this crosslinking mainly forms carbon-carbon bonds, x being able to take all the values allowing the ratio
    to be greater than or equal to 1.10, G '(200 ° C) (xkGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 200 ° C of the cross-linked tread by means of electron bombardment at a level of exposure x kGy, G '(40 ° C) (xkGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 40 ° C of the cross-linked tread by means of electron bombardment at an exposure level x kGy, G' (200 °) C) (0kGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 200 ° C of the uncrosslinked tread by means of electron bombardment and,
    G '(40 ° C) (0kGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 40 ° C of the uncrosslinked tread by means of electron bombardment.
    The tire according to the invention has a good compromise of properties, in particular between on the one hand a facilitated implementation during its preparation and on the other hand an improved high temperature rigidity. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a tire comprising a tread as defined above comprising the following steps: - extrusion of the tread, and then - laying of the tread extruded on the pneumatic, then - baking of the tire, then - crosslinking of the tread by means of an electronic bombardment.
    The tire according to the invention and its method of preparation have the advantage of facilitating the handling of the tread during the manufacture of the tire, since it does not crosslink during the mixing and shaping steps. The invention as well as its advantages will be readily understood on reading the description, examples of embodiments which follow and figures which represent: FIG. 1: a tire according to the invention in radial section, FIG. of the elastic component of the shear modulus as a function of the temperature of a tread of a tire according to the invention; - FIG. 3: the measurement of the elastic component of the shear modulus at 200 ° C. in pascal according to the post-combustion irradiation dose of the tire according to the invention; FIG. 4: the measurement of the elastic component of the shear modulus at 200 ° C. in base 100 as a function of the post-combustion irradiation dose of the tire; according to the invention.
    In the present invention, unless expressly indicated otherwise, all the percentages (%) indicated are% by weight. On the other hand, any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e., terminals a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the expression "from a to b" means the range from a to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
    In the present application, the term "part per cent of elastomer" or "phr" means the part by weight of a constituent per 100 parts by weight of the elastomer (s) of the tread, that is to say the total weight of the thermoplastic or non-thermoplastic elastomer (s) present in the tread. Thus, a 60 phr component will mean for example 60 g of this component per 100 g of elastomer of the tread.
    By "predominantly" in the expression "this cross-linking predominantly forms carbon-carbon bonds" of the present application, it is meant that the number of carbon-carbon bonds formed by the crosslinking by means of an electron bombardment is greater than or equal to 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 70%, more preferably greater than or equal to 95%, more preferably still equal to 100% relative to the total number of bonds formed by the crosslinking by means of electron bombardment.
    As described above, the tire according to the invention comprises in particular a tread based on one or more thermoplastic elastomers.
    By thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is meant, in a known manner, a polymer of intermediate structure between a thermoplastic polymer and an elastomer.
    A thermoplastic elastomer consists of one or more rigid "thermoplastic" segments connected to one or more "elastomeric" flexible segments.
    Thus, the thermoplastic elastomer (s) of the tread that can be used according to the invention comprise at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block.
    Typically, each of these segments or blocks contains at least more than 5, usually more than 10 base units.
    In the present application, when reference is made to the glass transition temperature of a thermoplastic elastomer, it is the glass transition temperature relative to the elastomeric block (unless otherwise indicated). Indeed, in known manner, the thermoplastic elastomers have two glass transition temperature peaks (Tg, measured according to ASTM D3418), the lowest temperature being relative to the elastomeric portion of the thermoplastic elastomer, and the highest temperature being relative to the thermoplastic part of the thermoplastic elastomer. Thus, the soft blocks of the thermoplastic elastomers are generally defined by a Tg less than or equal to the ambient temperature (25 ° C), while the rigid blocks have a Tg greater than or equal to 80 ° C. To be of both elastomeric and thermoplastic nature, the thermoplastic elastomer must be provided with sufficiently incompatible blocks (that is to say, different because of their mass, their polarity or their respective Tg) to retain their properties. clean of elastomeric or thermoplastic block.
    Thus, the one or more thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention (and thus the elastomeric block or blocks of the thermoplastic elastomers) preferably have a glass transition temperature that is less than or equal to 25 ° C., more preferably less than or equal to 10 ° C. A value of Tg higher than these minima can reduce the performance of the tread when used at very low temperatures; for such use, the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic elastomers is more preferably still less than or equal to -10 ° C.
    Also preferably, the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention is greater than -100 ° C.
    The number-average molecular weight (denoted Mn) of the thermoplastic elastomers is preferably between 30,000 and 500,000 g / mol, more preferably between 40,000 and 400,000 g / mol. Below the minima indicated, the cohesion between the elastomer chains of the thermoplastic elastomers, especially because of its possible dilution (in the presence of an extension oil), may be affected; on the other hand, an increase in the temperature of use may affect the mechanical properties, including the properties at break, resulting in decreased performance "hot". Moreover, a mass Mn that is too high can be penalizing for the implementation. Thus, it has been found that a value of between 50,000 and 300,000 g / mol is particularly well suited to the use of thermoplastic elastomers in a tire tread.
    The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of the thermoplastic elastomers is determined in known manner by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC). The sample is solubilized beforehand in a suitable solvent at a concentration of approximately 2 g / l; then the solution is filtered through a 0.45 μm porosity filter before injection. The apparatus used is a "WATERS alliance" chromatographic chain. The injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 μΐ. The detector is a differential refractometer "WATERS 2410" and its associated chromatographic data exploitation software is the "EMPOWER" system. The conditions are adaptable by those skilled in the art. For example, in the case of COPE type TPEs, the elution solvent is hexafluoroisopranol with sodium trifluoroactetate salt at a concentration of 0.02 M, the flow rate of 0.5 ml / min, the temperature of the system 35 ° C and the analysis time 90 min. A set of three PHENOMENEX columns in series, of trade names "PHENOGEL" (pore sizes: 105, ΙΟ4, ΙΟ3 A) is used. The calculated average molar masses relate to a calibration curve made with PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) standards. For example, in the case of thermoplastic styrene elastomers, the sample is solubilized beforehand in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of approximately 1 g / L; then the solution is filtered through a 0.45 μm porosity filter before injection. The apparatus used is a "WATERS alliance" chromatographic chain. The elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate is 0.7 mL / min, the temperature of the system is 35 ° C. and the analysis time is 90 minutes. A set of four WATERS columns in series, of trade names "STYRAGEL" ("HMW7", "HMW6E" and two "HT6E") is used. The injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 μL. The detector is a "WATERS 2410" differential refractometer and its associated software for the exploitation of chromatographic data is the "WATERS MILLENIUM" system. The calculated average molar masses relate to a calibration curve made with polystyrene standards. The polydispersity index (Ip = Mw / Mn with Mw weight average molecular weight) of the thermoplastic elastomer (s) is preferably less than 3; more preferably less than 2, and even more preferably less than 1.5.
    The thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention can be copolymers with a small number of blocks (less than 5, typically 2 or 3), in which case these blocks preferably have high masses, greater than 15,000 g / mol.
    The thermoplastic elastomers may also be copolymers with a large number of blocks (more than 30, typically from 50 to 500) smaller, in which case these blocks preferably have low masses, for example from 500 to 5000 g / mol, these thermoplastic elastomers will be called multiblock thermoplastic elastomers thereafter.
    According to a first variant, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are in a linear form.
    In a first particular embodiment of this first variant, the thermoplastic elastomers are diblock copolymers: thermoplastic block / elastomer block.
    In a second particular embodiment of this first variant, the thermoplastic elastomers are triblock copolymers: thermoplastic block / elastomer block / thermoplastic block, that is to say a central elastomer block and a terminal thermoplastic block at each of the two ends of the block elastomer.
    In a third particular embodiment of this first variant, the thermoplastic elastomers consist of a linear sequence of elastomeric blocks and thermoplastic blocks (multiblock thermoplastic elastomers).
    According to a second variant, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are in a star-shaped form with at least three branches.
    For example, the thermoplastic elastomers may then consist of a stellate elastomer block with at least three branches and a thermoplastic block, located at the end of each of the branches of the elastomeric block. The number of branches of the central elastomer can vary, for example from 3 to 12, and preferably from 3 to 6.
    According to a third variant, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are in a branched or dendrimer form. The thermoplastic elastomers can then consist of a connected elastomeric block or dendrimer and a thermoplastic block, located at the end of the branches of the dendrimer elastomer block.
    As explained above, the one or more thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention comprise at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block.
    The elastomeric blocks of the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention may be all the elastomers known to those skilled in the art.
    Saturated elastomeric blocks are generally distinguished from unsaturated elastomeric blocks.
    By saturated elastomer block is meant that this block mainly comprises units which do not comprise ethylenic unsaturations (that is to say carbon-carbon double bonds).
    By unsaturated elastomer block, it is meant that this block mainly comprises units comprising ethylenic unsaturations.
    For the purposes of the present invention, the term "predominantly units" means that the units in question are predominant in weight relative to all the units of the block in question, that is to say they represent more than 50% by weight of the reasons of the block in question, preferably more than 75% and more preferably more than 85%.
    Saturated elastomeric blocks generally consist of the polymerization of ethylenic monomers. Mention may in particular be made of polyalkylene blocks such as ethylene-propylene or ethylene-butylene random copolymers. These saturated elastomeric blocks can also be obtained by hydrogenation of unsaturated elastomeric blocks.
    It may also be aliphatic blocks from the family of polyethers, polyesters, or polycarbonates. In particular, the saturated elastomeric blocks may in particular be constituted by polyethers, especially polytetramethyleneglycol (PTMG), polyethylene glycols (PEG).
    Alternatively, monomers polymerized to form a saturated elastomeric block can be randomly copolymerized with at least one other monomer to form a saturated elastomeric block. According to this variant, the molar fraction of polymerized monomer other than an ethylenic monomer, relative to the total number of units of the saturated elastomeric block, must be such that this block retains its saturated elastomer properties. Advantageously, the molar fraction of this other comonomer may range from 0 to 50%, more preferably from 0 to 45% and even more preferably from 0 to 40%.
    For example, conjugated C4-C14 dienes may be copolymerized with the ethylenic monomers, the ethylenic units remaining the majority as seen above.
    These conjugated dienes are preferably chosen from isoprene, butadiene, 1-methylbutadiene, 2-methylbutadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3 -pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1, 3-hexadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2-neopentylbutadiene, 1-hexadiene , 3-cyclopentadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1-vinyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene and a mixture of these conjugated dienes, and preferably these conjugated dienes are selected from isoprene and a mixture of conjugated dienes containing isoprene.
    The unsaturated elastomer blocks generally consist of the polymerization mainly of diene monomers.
    Alternatively, the unsaturated elastomer blocks may also consist of the polymerization mainly of a monomer comprising a linear carbon-carbon double bond and a cyclic-type carbon-carbon double bond, this is the case for example in polynorbornene.
    Preferably, conjugated C4-C14 dienes may be polymerized or copolymerized to form an unsaturated elastomeric block.
    Preferably, these conjugated dienes are chosen from isoprene, butadiene, piperylene, 1-methylbutadiene, 2-methylbutadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene and 2,4-dimethyl-1. , 3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl- 1,3-pentadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,4-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 1-methyl-1,5-hexadiene, 3-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-1 3-hexadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene, 2-neopentyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-cyclopentadiene, methylcyclopentadiene, 2-methyl-1,6-heptadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 1-vinyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, and a mixture of these conjugated dienes; preferably, these conjugated dienes are chosen from isoprene, butadiene and a mixture containing isoprene and / or butadiene.
    Alternatively, monomers polymerized to form an unsaturated elastomeric block may be randomly copolymerized with at least one other monomer to form an unsaturated elastomeric block. According to this variant, the molar fraction of polymerized monomer other than a diene monomer, relative to the total number of units of the unsaturated elastomer block, must be such that this block retains its unsaturated elastomer properties. Advantageously, the molar fraction of this other comonomer may range from 0 to 50%, more preferably from 0 to 45% and even more preferably from 0 to 40%. By way of illustration, this other monomer capable of copolymerizing with the first monomer may be chosen from ethylenic monomers as defined above (for example ethylene), vinylaromatic monomers containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, such as defined below or it may be a monomer such as vinyl acetate. As vinylaromatic compounds are especially suitable styrenic monomers, namely methylstyrenes, para-tert-butylstyrene, chlorostyrenes, bromostyrenes, fluorostyrenes or para-hydroxy-styrene. Preferably, the vinylaromatic comonomer is styrene.
    Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the at least one elastomer block may be a random copolymer of styrene-butadiene type (SBR), this copolymer may be hydrogenated. This SBR block preferably has a Tg (glass transition temperature) measured by DSC according to the ASTM D3418 standard of 1999, less than 25 ° C., preferably less than 10 ° C., more preferably less than 0 ° C. and very preferably less than 10 ° C. -10 ° C. Also preferentially, the Tg of the SBR block is greater than -100 ° C. Particularly suitable are SBR blocks having a Tg of between 20 ° C and -70 ° C and more particularly between 0 ° C and -50 ° C. In a well-known manner, the SBR block comprises a styrene content, a 1,2-butadiene content of the butadiene part, and a 1,4-butadiene content of the butadiene part, the latter consisting of a content of trans-1,4 bonds and a content of cis-1,4 bonds when the butadiene part is not hydrogenated. Preferably, an SBR block having a styrene content of, for example, a range of from 10% to 60% by weight, preferably from 20% to 50% by weight, is used, and for the butadiene part a 1,2-linkage content in a range from 4% to 75% (mol%), and a -1,4-linkage content in a range of 20% and 96% (mol%).
    The determination of the degree of hydrogenation is carried out by NMR analysis. The spectra are acquired on a BRUKER 500 MHz Avance spectrometer equipped with a 1H-X 5 mm Cryoprobe. The quantitative 1H NMR experiment uses a 30 ° single pulse sequence and a 5 second repetition time between each acquisition. 64 accumulations are made. The samples (about 25 mg) are solubilized in CS2 about 1 mL, 100 μΐ of deuterated cyclohexane are added to make the lock during acquisition. The chemical shifts are calibrated with respect to the protonated impurity of CS2 δppm 1H at 7.18 ppm referenced on the TMS (δppm 1H at 0 ppm). The 1 H NMR spectrum makes it possible to quantify the microstructure by integrating the signal mass characteristic of the various units: styrene originating from SBR and polystyrene blocks. It is quantifiable in the aromatics zone between 6.0 ppm and 7.3 ppm for 5 protons (by removing the signal integral of the CS2 impurity at 7.18 ppm). - PB 1-2 from the SBR. It is quantifiable in the ethylenic zone between 4.6 ppm and 5.1 ppm for 2 protons. PB 1-4 from SBR. It is quantifiable in the ethylenic zone between 5.1 ppm and 6.1 ppm for 2 protons and removing 1 proton from the PB 1-2 pattern. - The hydrogenated PB1-2 from the hydrogenation and having only aliphatic protons. The CH3 during hydrogenated PB1-2 were identified and are quantifiable in the aliphatic zone between 0.4 and 0.8 ppm for 3 protons. - The hydrogenated PB1-4 from the hydrogenation and having only aliphatic protons. It will be deduced by subtraction of the aliphatic protons of the different patterns by considering it for 8 protons.
    The quantification of the microstructure can be carried out in molar% as follows: mol% of a unit = integral 1H of a unit / Z (integrals 1H of each unit). For example for a styrene unit:% styrene = (Integral 1H styrene) / (Integral 1H styrene + Integral 1H PB1-2 + Integral 1H PB1-4 + Integral 1H hydrogenated PB 1-2 + Integral 1H of hydrogenated PB 1-4).
    Depending on the degree of hydrogenation of the SBR block, the double bond content of the butadiene part of the SBR block can decrease to a content of 0 mol% for a fully hydrogenated SBR block, in which case the corresponding thermoplastic elastomer will be considered as saturated. Preferably, in the TPEs useful for the purposes of the invention, the SBR elastomer block is hydrogenated in such a way that a proportion ranging from 25 to 100 mol% of the double bonds in the butadiene portion are hydrogenated. More preferably from 50 to 100 mol% and very preferably from 80 to 100 mol% of the double bonds in the butadiene portion are hydrogenated.
    Preferably for the invention, the elastomeric blocks of the thermoplastic elastomers have in total a number-average molecular weight ("Mn") ranging from 25,000 g / mol to 350,000 g / mol, preferably 35,000 g / mol at 250 000 g / mol so as to give the thermoplastic elastomers good elastomeric properties and sufficient mechanical strength and compatible with the use in tread of a tire.
    The elastomeric block or blocks may also be blocks comprising several types of ethylenic, diene or styrenic monomers as defined above.
    In a particularly preferred manner in the invention, the elastomeric block or blocks are selected from the group consisting of ethylenic elastomers, polyethers, diene elastomers, the latter being optionally partially or totally hydrogenated, and mixtures of these polymers.
    Most preferably in the invention, the elastomeric block or blocks are selected from the group consisting of polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, polyethers, copolymers of ethylene and butylene, copolymers of styrene and butadiene, the latter being optionally partially or fully hydrogenated, and mixtures of these polymers.
    The elastomeric block or blocks may also consist of several elastomeric blocks as defined above.
    As explained above, the thermoplastic polymers that can be used according to the invention also comprise at least one thermoplastic block.
    By thermoplastic block is meant a block consisting of polymerized monomers and having a glass transition temperature, or a melting temperature in the case of semi-crystalline polymers, greater than or equal to 80 ° C, preferably ranging from 80 ° C to 250 ° C, more preferably ranging from 80 ° C to 200 ° C, and in particular ranging from 80 ° C to 180 ° C.
    Indeed, in the case of a semi-crystalline polymer, a melting temperature above the glass transition temperature can be observed. In this case, the above definition is taken into account the melting temperature and not the glass transition temperature.
    The thermoplastic block or blocks can be made from polymerized monomers of various kinds.
    In particular, the thermoplastic block or blocks may consist of the following blocks or of a mixture of the following blocks: polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene); polyurethanes; polyamides; polyesters; polyacetals; polyethers (polyethylene oxide, polyphenylene ether); phenylene polysulfides; polyfluoro (FEP, PFA, ETFE); - polystyrenes (detailed below); polycarbonates; polysulfones; polymethyl methacrylate; polyetherimide; thermoplastic copolymers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS).
    The thermoplastic block or blocks may also be obtained from the monomers chosen from: - acenaphthylene: one skilled in the art may for example refer to the article by Z. Fodor and JP Kennedy, Polymer Bulletin 1992 29 ( 6) 697-705; indene and its derivatives such as, for example, 2-methylindene, 3-methylindene, 4-methylindene, dimethylindene, 2-phenylindene, 3-phenylindene and 4-phenylindene; those skilled in the art will for example be able to refer to the patent document US4946899, by the inventors Kennedy, Puskas, Kaszas and Hager and to the documents JE Puskas, G. Kaszas, JP Kennedy, WG Hager Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry (1992) 30, 41 and JP Kennedy, N. Meguriya, B. Keszler, Macromolecules (1991) 24 (25), 6572-6577; isoprene, then leading to the formation of a number of 1,4-trans polyisoprene units and cyclized units according to an intramolecular process; those skilled in the art can for example refer to the documents G. Kaszas, J. E. Puskas, .P. Kennedy Applied Polymer Science (1990) 39 (1) 119-144 and J. E. Puskas, G. Kaszas, J.P. Kennedy, Macromolecular Science, Chemistry A28 (1991) 65-80.
    According to a variant of the invention, the above monomers can be copolymerized with at least one other monomer as long as the latter does not modify the thermoplastic character of the block, that is to say that the block has a temperature of glass transition, or a melting temperature in the case of semi-crystalline polymers, greater than or equal to 80 ° C. By way of illustration, this other monomer capable of copolymerizing with the polymerized monomer may be chosen from diene monomers, more particularly conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 14 carbon atoms, and vinylaromatic type monomers having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, as defined in the part relating to the elastomeric block.
    As explained above, the thermoplastic block (s) may be chosen from polystyrenes and polymers comprising at least one polystyrene block.
    Polystyrenes are obtained from styrenic monomers.
    By styrene monomer is to be understood in the present description any monomer comprising styrene, unsubstituted as substituted; among the substituted styrenes may be mentioned, for example, methylstyrenes (for example Γ-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene or p-methylstyrene, alpha-methylstyrene, alpha-2-dimethylstyrene, alpha-4-dimethylstyrene or diphenylethylene), para-tert-butylstyrene, chlorostyrenes (for example, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,6-dichlorostyrene or 2,4-dichlorostyrene). 6-trichlorostyrene), bromostyrenes (for example o-bromostyrene, m-bromostyrene, p-bromostyrene, 2,4-dibromostyrene, 2,6-dibromostyrene or 2,4,6-tribromostyrene) fluorostyrenes (for example, o-fluorostyrene, m-fluorostyrene, p-fluorostyrene, 2,4-difluorostyrene, 2,6-difluorostyrene or 2,4,6-trifluorostyrene) or hydroxy-styrene.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the weight content of styrene in the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention is between 5% and 50%. Below the minimum indicated, the thermoplastic nature of the elastomer may decrease significantly while above the maximum recommended, the elasticity of the tread may be affected. For these reasons, the styrene content is more preferably between 10% and 40%.
    The thermoplastic block (s) of the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention may also consist of several of the thermoplastic blocks as defined above.
    The proportion of the thermoplastic blocks in the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention is determined firstly by the thermoplastic properties that the thermoplastic elastomers must exhibit.
    The thermoplastic block or blocks are preferably present in proportions sufficient to preserve the thermoplastic nature of the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention. The minimum level of thermoplastic blocks in thermoplastic elastomers may vary depending on the conditions of use of the thermoplastic elastomers. On the other hand, the ability of the thermoplastic elastomers to deform during the preparation of the tire can also contribute to determining the proportion of thermoplastic blocks in the thermoplastic elastomers used according to the invention.
    Preferably, the thermoplastic blocks of the thermoplastic elastomers have, in total, a number-average molecular weight ("Mn") ranging from 5,000 g / mol to 150,000 g / mol, so as to give the thermoplastic elastomers good elastomeric properties and sufficient mechanical strength and compatible with the use in tire tread.
    In a particularly preferred manner in the invention, the thermoplastic block or blocks are chosen from the group consisting of polystyrenes, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and mixtures of these polymers.
    Most preferably in the invention, the thermoplastic block or blocks are selected from the group consisting of polystyrenes, polyesters, polyamides, and mixtures of these polymers. As thermoplastic elastomer usable according to the invention, there may be mentioned in a first particular embodiment of the invention, a copolymer whose elastomeric portion is saturated, and comprising styrenes blocks and alkylene blocks.
    The alkylene blocks are preferably ethylene, propylene or butylene.
    More preferably in this first particular embodiment, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are chosen from the following diblock, linear or starred triblock copolymers: styrene / ethylene / butylene (SEB), styrene / ethylene / propylene (SEP), styrene / ethylene ethylene / propylene (SEEP), styrene / ethylene / butylene / styrene (SEBS), styrene / ethylene / propylene / styrene (SEPS), styrene / ethylene / ethylene / propylene / styrene (SEEPS), styrene / isobutylene (SIB), styrene / isobutylene / styrene (SIBS), and mixtures of these copolymers.
    According to a second particular embodiment, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are copolymers whose elastomer portion is unsaturated, and which comprises styrenic blocks and diene blocks, these diene blocks being in particular isoprene or butadiene blocks.
    More preferentially in this particular second embodiment, these thermoplastic elastomers are chosen from the following diblock, linear or starred triblock copolymers: styrene / butadiene (SB), styrene / isoprene (SI), styrene / butadiene / isoprene (SBI), styrene / butadiene styrene / styrene (SBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), styrene / butadiene / isoprene / styrene (SSIS), styrene / butadiene-styrene copolymer, optionally hydrogenated / styrene (SOE), and mixtures of these copolymers.
    According to a third particular embodiment, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are linear or star-shaped copolymers whose elastomer part comprises a saturated part and an unsaturated part such as, for example, styrene / butadiene / butylene (SBB), styrene / butadiene / butylene / styrene (SBBS) or a mixture of these copolymers.
    According to a fourth particular embodiment, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are multiblock thermoplastic elastomers.
    In particular, there may be mentioned copolymers comprising random copolymer blocks of ethylene and propylene / polypropylene, polybutadiene / polyurethane (TPU), polyether / polyester (COPE), polyether / polyamide (PEBA).
    The polyether blocks are preferably polyethylene glycols.
    Very preferably, the thermoplastic elastomers that can be used according to the invention are chosen from the following copolymers: styrene / ethylene / butylene / styrene (SEBS), polyether / polyester (COPE), polyether / polyamide (PEBA), styrene / butadiene / styrene (SBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), optionally hydrogenated styrene / butadiene-styrene copolymer / styrene (SOE), and mixtures of these copolymers. As examples of thermoplastic elastomers that are commercially available and usable according to the invention, mention may be made of the elastomers of the SEPS, SEEPS or SEBS type sold by Kraton under the name "Kraton G" (for example products 61650, 61651 , 61654, 61730) or the Kuraray company under the name "Septon" (for example "Septon 2007", "Septon 4033", "Septon 004"); or the SIS type elastomers marketed by Kuraray, under the name "Hybrar 5125", or marketed by Kraton under the name "D 1161" or else the linear SBS elastomers marketed by Polimeri Europa under the name "Europrene SOL T 166 Or star SBS marketed by Kraton under the name "D1184". Mention may also be made of the elastomers marketed by Dexco Polymers under the name "Vector" (for example "Vector 4114" or "Vector 8508").
    Among the multiblock thermoplastic elastomers, mention may be made of the thermoplastic elastomer "Vistamaxx" sold by the company Exxon; the COPE thermoplastic elastomer marketed by the company DSM under the name "Arnitel", or by the company Dupont under the name "Hytrel", or by the company Ticona under the name "Riteflex"; the PEBA thermoplastic elastomer marketed by Arkema under the name "PEBAX"; TPU thermoplastic elastomer marketed by the company Sartomer under the name "TPU 7840", or by the company BASF under the name "Elastogran".
    It is also possible that the thermoplastic elastomers exemplified above are mixed together in the tread used according to the invention.
    It is also possible that the thermoplastic elastomers presented above is in admixture with other non-thermoplastic elastomers.
    In such a case, the thermoplastic elastomer (s) constitute the majority fraction by weight; they then represent at least 65% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 75% by weight of all the elastomers present in the tread.
    More preferably, the thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers represent at least 95% (in particular 100%) by weight of all the elastomers present in the tread.
    Thus, the thermoplastic elastomer content of the tread varies from 65 to 100 phr, preferably from 70 to 100 phr, more preferably from 75 to 100 phr, and even more preferably from 95 to 100 phr.
    In a particularly preferred manner, the thermoplastic elastomer (s) that can be used according to the invention are the only elastomers in the tread.
    The thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers described above are sufficient on their own for the tread according to the invention to be usable.
    However, in the case where the thermoplastic elastomers are mixed with non-thermoplastic elastomers, the tread according to the invention may then comprise one or more diene rubbers as a non-thermoplastic elastomer.
    By elastomer or "diene" rubber, should be understood in known manner one or more elastomers derived at least in part (that is to say a homopolymer or a copolymer) of monomers dienes (monomers carrying two double bonds carbon-carbon , conjugated or not).
    These diene elastomers can be classified into two categories "essentially unsaturated" or "essentially saturated".
    The term "essentially unsaturated" is generally understood to mean a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers having a level of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%). In the category of "essentially unsaturated" diene elastomers, the term "highly unsaturated" diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%. Thus, diene elastomers such as certain butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha olefins of the EPDM type may be described as "substantially saturated" diene elastomers (level of units of diene origin which are weak or very weak, always less than 15%).
    As these definitions are given, the term "diene elastomer", in any of the above categories, may be used more particularly and may be used in the tread that can be used according to the invention: (a) - any homopolymer obtained by polymerization of a monomer conjugated diene having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) - any copolymer obtained by copolymerization of one or more conjugated dienes with each other or with one or more vinyl aromatic compounds having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms; (c) - a ternary copolymer obtained by copolymerization of ethylene, an α-olefin having 3 to 6 carbon atoms with a non-conjugated diene monomer having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, for example elastomers obtained from ethylene, propylene with a non-conjugated diene monomer of the aforementioned type such as in particular 1,4-hexadiene, ethylidene norbornene, dicyclopentadiene; (d) - a copolymer of isobutene and isoprene (butyl diene rubber), as well as the halogenated versions, in particular chlorinated or brominated, of this type of copolymer. As conjugated dienes, 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene and 2,3-di (C 1 -C 5) alkyl-1,3-butadienes, such as, for example, 2,3 dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1,3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene. Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are, for example, styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the "vinyl-toluene" commercial mixture, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene.
    The copolymers of the diene elastomers may contain between 99% and 20% by weight of diene units and between 1% and 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units. The diene elastomers may have any microstructure which is a function of the polymerization conditions used, in particular the presence or absence of a modifying and / or randomizing agent and the amounts of modifying and / or randomizing agent used. The elastomers may for example be prepared in dispersion or in solution; they may be coupled and / or starred or functionalized with a coupling agent and / or starring or functionalization. For coupling with carbon black, there may be mentioned for example functional groups comprising a C-Sn bond or amino functional groups such as benzophenone for example; for coupling to a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica, mention may be made, for example, of silanol or polysiloxane functional groups having a silanol end (as described, for example, in FR 2,740,778 or US Pat. No. 6,013,718), alkoxysilane groups (such as as described for example in FR 2,765,882 or US 5,977,238), carboxylic groups (as described for example in WO 01/92402 or US 6,815,473, WO 2004/096865 or US 2006/0089445) or groups polyethers (as described for example in EP 1 127 909 or US Pat. No. 6,503,973). As other examples of functionalized elastomers, mention may also be made of elastomers (such as SBR, BR, NR or IR) of the epoxidized type.
    The tread that can be used according to the invention can also comprise a reinforcing filler.
    In particular, any type of filler usually used for the manufacture of tires, for example an organic filler such as carbon black, an inorganic filler such as silica, or a blend of these two types of filler, can be used. especially a blend of carbon black and silica.
    As carbon blacks are suitable all the carbon blacks conventionally used in tires (so-called pneumatic grade blacks). For example, the reinforcing carbon blacks of the 100, 200 or 300 series (ASTI grades), for example the N115, N134, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347 or N375 blacks, or, depending on the targeted applications, the blacks of higher series (for example N660, N683, N772), or even N990.
    By "reinforcing inorganic filler" is meant in this application, by definition, any inorganic or mineral filler (regardless of its color and origin (natural or synthetic), also called "white" filler, "clear" filler even "non-black filler" as opposed to carbon black, capable of reinforcing on its own, with no other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacture of tires, in other words, able to replace, in its reinforcing function, a conventional carbon black of pneumatic grade, such a charge is generally characterized, in known manner, by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) on its surface. physical state in which the reinforcing inorganic filler is present is indifferent whether in the form of powder, microbeads, granules, beads or any other suitable densified form e. Of course also be understood as reinforcing inorganic filler mixtures of different reinforcing inorganic fillers, in particular siliceous and / or aluminous highly dispersible as described below.
    Suitable reinforcing inorganic fillers are mineral fillers of the siliceous type, in particular of silica (SiO 2), or of the aluminous type, in particular alumina (Al 2 O 3). The silica used may be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface both less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / boy Wut. As highly dispersible precipitated silicas (referred to as "HDS"), mention may be made, for example, of the "Ultrasil" 7000 and "Ultrasil" 7005 silicas of the Degussa company, the "Zeosil" 1165MP, 1135MP and 1115MP silicas of the Rhodia company. "Hi-Sil" silica EZ150G from PPG, "Zeopol" silicas 8715, 8745 and 8755 from Huber, silicas with a high specific surface area as described in application WO 03/16837.
    To couple the reinforcing inorganic filler to the elastomer, it is possible for example to use in known manner an at least bifunctional coupling agent (or bonding agent) intended to ensure a sufficient connection, of a chemical and / or physical nature, between the filler inorganic (surface of its particles) and the elastomer, in particular organosilanes or bifunctional polyorganosiloxanes.
    The volume ratio of the reinforcing filler, optional, in the tread (carbon black and / or reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica) is in a range from 0 to 30%, which corresponds to a rate of from 0 to 100 phr for a tread without plasticizer. Preferably, the tread that can be used according to the invention comprises less than 30 phr of reinforcing filler and more preferably less than 10 phr.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tread contains no reinforcing filler.
    In the same way, the tread that can be used according to the invention can contain one or more inert micrometric fillers such as lamellar fillers known to those skilled in the art.
    Preferably, the tread that can be used according to the invention does not contain a micrometric load.
    The thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers described above are sufficient on their own for the tread according to the invention to be usable.
    However, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tread may also comprise at least one plasticizing agent, such as an oil (or plasticizing oil or extender oil) or a plasticizing resin whose function is to facilitate the implementation of the tread, particularly its integration with the tire by a lowering of the module and an increase in tackiness.
    Any oil, preferably of a slightly polar nature, capable of extending and plasticizing elastomers, especially thermoplastics, may be used. At room temperature (23 ° C), these oils, more or less viscous, are liquids (that is to say, as a reminder, substances having the ability to eventually take the shape of their container), as opposed in particular to resins or rubbers which are inherently solid. Any type of plasticising resin known to those skilled in the art can also be used.
    For example, the extender oil is selected from the group consisting of paraffinic oils, such as low viscosity paraffinic oil (PABV).
    Thus, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, the at least one plasticizer is a paraffinic oil. Those skilled in the art will know, in the light of the description and examples of embodiment which follow, adjust the amount of plasticizer according to the thermoplastic elastomers used (as indicated above); special conditions of use of the tire provided with the tread.
    When it is used, it is preferred that the level of extender oil be within a range of from 0 to 80 phr, preferably from 0 to 50 phr, more preferably from 5 to 50 phr, depending on the glass transition temperature and the intended module for the tread.
    The tread described above may also include the various additives usually present in the treads known to those skilled in the art. For example, one or more additives chosen from protective agents such as antioxidants or antiozonants, anti-UV agents, the various agents of implementation or other stabilizers, or the promoters able to promote the adhesion to the rest of the structure will be chosen. of the pneumatic object.
    Preferably, the tread does not contain all these additives at the same time and even more preferably, the tread contains none of these agents.
    As explained above, the tread which can be used according to the invention is crosslinked by means of an electronic bombardment after the baking of the tire.
    In a preferred manner, this electron bombardment is carried out by means of a beta radiation.
    Thus, in a preferred manner, the tread that can be used in the tire according to the invention is crosslinked by means of electron bombardment at an exposure level of at least 50 kGy, preferably ranging from 70 to 300 kGy.
    Also and optionally, the tread of the invention may contain a crosslinking system known to those skilled in the art.
    However, preferably, the tread does not contain a crosslinking system. Thus, the crosslinking by means of electron bombardment is preferably the only crosslinking of the tread that can be used in the tire according to the invention.
    The tread that can be used in the tire according to the invention has a ratio
    greater than or equal to 1.10, G '(200 ° C) (xkGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 200 ° C of the cross-linked tread by means of an electron bombardment at an exposure level x kGy, G '(40 ° C) (xkGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 40 ° C of the cross-linked tread by means of electron bombardment at an exposure level x kGy, G' (200 ° C) ( 0kGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 200 ° C of the uncrosslinked tread by means of electron bombardment and, G '(40 ° C) (0kGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 40 ° C of the uncrosslinked tread by means of electron bombardment.
    Preferably, this ratio ranges from 1.10 to 75.
    In addition to the elastomers previously described, the composition of the tread may also comprise, still in a minor weight fraction relative to the thermoplastic elastomers, polymers other than elastomers, such as
    for example thermoplastic polymers. When they are present in the tread, it is preferred that the total content of non-elastomeric thermoplastic polymers is less than 40 phr, preferably between 5 and 30 phr, and more preferably between 10 and 25 phr.
    These thermoplastic polymers may in particular be polymers of poly (para-phenylene ether) (abbreviated as "EPP"). These thermoplastic polymers PPE are well known to those skilled in the art, they are solid resins at room temperature (20 ° C) compatible with styrenic polymers, which are used in particular to increase the glass transition temperature of thermoplastic elastomers whose thermoplastic block is a styrenic block (see for example "Thermal, Mechanical and
    Morphological Analyzes of Poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) / Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Blends, Tucker, Barlow and Paul, Macromolecules, 1988, 21, 1678-1685).
    If the elastomeric block of the thermoplastic elastomers is a saturated elastomeric block, it may be necessary to include in the tire an underlayer or adhesion layer under the carved portion of the tread which will contain a thermoplastic elastomer with unsaturated elastomer block for promoting adhesion between said tread and the adjacent layer (eg crown reinforcement or belt) within the finished tire.
    This tread may be mounted on a tire in a conventional manner, said tire comprising in addition to the tread, an apex, two flanks and two beads, a carcass reinforcement anchored to the two beads, and a crown reinforcement.
    Optionally and as indicated above, the tire according to the invention may further comprise an underlayer or an adhesion layer between the carved portion of the tread and the crown reinforcement.
    In general, the tire according to the invention is intended to equip motor vehicles of tourism type, SUV ("Sport Utility Vehicles"), two wheels (including motorcycles), aircraft, as well as industrial vehicles such as vans, heavy goods vehicles and other transport or handling vehicles. As heavy goods vehicles, it will be possible to include subways, buses and road transport equipment such as trucks, tractors, trailers and off-the-road vehicles such as agricultural machinery or civil engineering.
    The tread that can be used according to the invention has the particularity of being reticulated once the tire has been baked by means of electron bombardment.
    This crosslinking leads to the formation of predominantly carbon-carbon bonds within the tread.
    Thus, it makes it possible to give the tread improved high temperature rigidity.
    Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for preparing a tread of a tire as defined above, comprising the following steps: - extrusion of the tread, then - laying of the tread extruded on the tire, then - baking of the tire, then - crosslinking of the tread by means of an electronic bombardment.
    Thus, the tread of the tire according to the invention is first prepared in a conventional manner, by incorporating the various components into a twin-screw extruder, so as to achieve the melting of the matrix and an incorporation of all the ingredients. , then use of a die for making the profile.
    The various components of the tread are in particular the thermoplastic elastomers previously seen which are available for example in the form of beads or granules.
    The tread is then placed on the tire.
    The tire is then baked. The tread is then generally carved in the baking mold of the tire.
    The tread is finally cured by means of electron bombardment.
    In a preferred manner, this electron bombardment is carried out by means of a beta radiation.
    Preferably, the radiation dose is at least 50 kGy, preferably ranges from 70 to 300 kGy.
    For a tread thickness of between 2 mm and 10 mm, electron bombardment is generally carried out by means of high energy beta radiation, preferably 10 MeV. For tread thicknesses less than 2 mm, those skilled in the art know how to adapt the energy of the radiation and can use electron accelerators of lower energy preferably between 0.1 MeV and 3 MeV. The invention as well as its advantages will be understood in greater detail, in the light of the figures, as well as the following exemplary embodiments.
    Figure 1 attached shows schematically (without respecting a specific scale), a radial section of a tire according to the invention.
    This tire 1 comprises a reinforced vertex 2 comprising a tread 3 (for simplicity, having a very simple structure) whose radially outer portion (3a) is intended to come into contact with the road, two inextensible beads 4 in which is anchored a carcass reinforcement 6. The crown 2, joined to said beads 4 by two sides 5, is in a manner known per se reinforced by a crown reinforcement or "belt" 7 at least partly metallic and radially external with respect to the reinforcement carcass 6.
    More specifically, a tire belt generally consists of at least two superposed belt plies, sometimes called "working" or "crossed" plies, whose reinforcing elements or "reinforcements" are arranged substantially parallel to one another inside a ply, but crossed from one ply to the other, that is to say inclined, symmetrically or otherwise, with respect to the median circumferential plane, of an angle which is generally between 10 ° and 45 ° depending on the type of tire considered. Each of these two crossed plies is made of a rubber matrix or "calendering rubber" coating the reinforcements. In the belt, the crossed plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber, of varying widths depending on the case, with or without reinforcements; examples of simple rubber cushions are so-called "protection" plies intended to protect the rest of the belt from external aggressions, perforations, or so-called "hooping" plies comprising reinforcements oriented substantially along the circumferential direction (so-called "zero degree" layers), whether radially external or internal with respect to the crossed plies.
    For reinforcement of the above belts, in particular of their crossed plies, protective plies or hooping plies, reinforcement is generally used in the form of steel cords or textile cords. ") Consisting of thin wires assembled together by wiring or twisting. The carcass reinforcement 6 is here anchored in each bead 4 by winding around two rods (4a, 4b), the upturn (6a, 6b) of this armature 6 being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire 1 which is here shown on its rim 8. The carcass reinforcement 6 consists of at least one ply reinforced by radial textile cables, that is to say that these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead to the other so as to form an angle between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located midway between the two beads 4 and passes by the middle of the crown reinforcement 7. Of course, this tire 1 further comprises, in known manner, a layer 9 of rubber or inner elastomer (commonly called "inner liner" or "inner liner") which defines the radially inner face of pneum and is intended to protect the carcass ply from the diffusion of air from the interior space to the tire. Measuring method
    Measurement of G '(T) (elastic shear modulus)
    The measurement method of G '(T) uses a rheology machine RPA 2000LV (oscillating disc rheometer) equipped with the standard viscosity sensor 200 in.lbs (22.6 Nm). The RPA machine makes it possible to torsionally urge a sample of material enclosed in a chamber (or enclosure) with biconical walls.
    To carry out the measurement, a sample of material approximately 30 mm in diameter and with a mass of approximately 5 g is deposited in the enclosure of the RPA (a total volume of 8 cm 3 is considered optimal; a small amount of sample escapes from each side of the chamber and is visible at the end of the test). Preferably, the material is previously cut from a sheet of this material. In the case where this sheet of material does not have a sufficient thickness, the sections of this sheet of material can be stacked.
    Initially, a shaping operation is carried out, applying to the sample enclosed in the chamber a temperature of 170 ° C. for 7 min with a deformation of 2.8% peak-peak at 1.7 Hz. the end of this operation, the sample is perfectly molded in the closed enclosure of the RPA. The sample is then cooled to 40 ° C directly in the RPA chamber. It is then possible to start measuring the value of G 'at 5% peak-peak strain and 10 Hz in a temperature range of 40 to 200 ° C (ramp: 3 ° C / min).
    A variation curve of G 'as a function of temperature (such as that of FIG. 2) is obtained, on which the modulus G' of the composition can be extracted at 40 ° C. and at 200 ° C.
    The steps of shaping and measuring G 'are done without intervention, by programming the machine RPA.
    Examples
    In a first step, tread compositions which can be used in a tire according to the invention have been prepared.
    These compositions were then extruded.
    The compositions are presented in Table 1 below. The values are given in pce.
    Table 1
    (1) SIS thermoplastic elastomer "Kraton DI 161" from Kaneka (2) thermoplastic elastomer SIS "Hybrar 5125" from Kuraray (3) Thermoplastic elastomer SBS "Europrene Either 166" from Polimeri Europa (4) Thermoplastic elastomer SOE "SOE L606" from the company Asahi Kasei
    (5) COPE thermoplastic elastomer "Arnitel EL 250" from the company DSM
    (6) PEBA "Pebax 2533" thermoplastic elastomer from Arkema (7) SEBS "Septon 8076" thermoplastic elastomer from Kuraray (8) SEBS "Septon V9827" thermoplastic elastomer from Kuraray
    The treads, once prepared, were subjected to electron bombardment using 10 MeV beta radiation at different exposure levels (75 kGy, 150 kGy and 250 kGy) on 2 mm treads thick.
    Their G '(T) modules at 40 ° C and 200 ° C were measured.
    The results are shown in Table 2 below.
    Table 2
    Figures 2, 3 and 4 show in particular the results obtained for the tread 1 used according to the invention.
    In particular, FIG. 2 shows the evolution of the elastic component of the shear modulus as a function of temperature at the four exposure levels (0 kGy, 75 kGy, 150 kGy and 250 kGy).
    It is found that the shear modulus at 200 ° C is proportional to the exposure dose.
    This is confirmed by figures 3 (in pascal) and 4 (in performance - base 100).
    Thus, these curves highlight a much lower temperature flow for the treads that have undergone treatment by electron bombardment.
    Therefore, the treads according to the invention have a better resistance to high temperature.
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    A tire (1) comprising a tread (3) based on one or more thermoplastic elastomers, a vertex with a crown reinforcement (2), two sidewalls (5), two beads (4), an armature of carcass (6) anchored to the two beads (4) and extending from one sidewall (5) to the other, the thermoplastic elastomer (s) comprising at least one elastomer block and at least one thermoplastic block, characterized in that the tread (3) is crosslinked by means of electron bombardment after baking the tire at an exposure level of x kGy such that this crosslinking predominantly forms carbon-carbon bonds, x being able to take all the values allowing the ratio

    to be greater than or equal to 1.10, G '(200 ° C) (xkGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 200 ° C of the cross-linked tread by means of electron bombardment at a level of exposure x kGy, G '(40 ° C) (xkGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 40 ° C of the cross-linked tread by means of electron bombardment at an exposure level x kGy, G' (200 °) C) (0kGy) being the elastic shear modulus at 200 ° C of the uncrosslinked tread by means of electron bombardment, and G '(40 ° C) (0kGy) being the 40 ° elastic shear modulus C of the uncrosslinked tread by means of electron bombardment.
    [2]
    2. A tire according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers have a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to 25 ° C, preferably less than or equal to 10 ° C.


    [3]
    3. A tire according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the number-average molecular weight of the thermoplastic elastomers is between 30,000 and 500,000 g / mol, preferably between 40,000 and 400,000 g / mol. mol, more preferably between 50,000 and 300,000 g / mol.
    [4]
    4. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastomeric block (s) of the thermoplastic elastomers are chosen from the group consisting of ethylenic elastomers, polyethers and diene elastomers, the latter being optionally partially or totally hydrogenated. , and mixtures of these polymers.
    [5]
    5. A tire according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastomeric block or blocks of the thermoplastic elastomers are selected from the group consisting of polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, polyethers, ethylene and butylene copolymers, styrene copolymers and butadiene, the latter being optionally partially or totally hydrogenated, and the mixtures of these polymers.
    [6]
    6. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic block (s) of the thermoplastic elastomers are chosen from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polyacetals, polyethers, phenylene polysulfides, polyfluorides, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polymethyl methacrylate, polyetherimide, thermoplastic copolymers, and mixtures of these polymers.
    [7]
    7. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic block (s) of the thermoplastic elastomers are selected from the group consisting of polystyrenes, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, and mixtures of these polymers.
    [8]
    8. A tire according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the thermoplastic block (s) of the thermoplastic elastomers are chosen from the group consisting of polystyrenes, polyesters, polyamides, and mixtures of these polymers.
    [9]
    9. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers are selected from the group consisting of styrene / ethylene / butylene / styrene block copolymers (SEBS), polyether / polyester (COPE), polyether / polyamide (PEBA), styrene / butadiene / styrene (SBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), styrene / butadiene-styrene copolymer, optionally hydrogenated / styrene (SOE), and mixtures of these copolymers.
    [10]
    10. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic elastomer content of the tread varies from 65 to 100 phr, preferably varies from 70 to 100 phr, more preferably varies from 75 to 100 phr. and even more preferably varies from 95 to 100 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer).
    [11]
    11. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic elastomer or elastomers are the only elastomers of the tread.
    [12]
    12. A tire according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the tread further comprises one or more non-thermoplastic elastomers.
    [13]
    13. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tread further comprises at least one plasticizer.
    [14]
    14. A tire according to claim 13, characterized in that the at least one plasticizer is selected from plasticizing resins and plasticizing oils.
    [15]
    15. A tire according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the at least one plasticizer is a paraffinic oil.
    [16]
    Pneumatic tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tread is cross-linked by means of electron bombardment at an exposure level of at least 50 kGy, preferably ranging from 70 to 300 kGy. .
    [17]
    17. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tread does not contain a crosslinking system.
    [18]
    18. A tire according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio

    varies from 1.10 to 75.
    [19]
    19. A method of preparing a tire as defined in any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: - extrusion of the tread, then - laying of the tread extruded on the tire, then - baking of the tire, then - crosslinking of the tread by means of electron bombardment.
    [20]
    20. Preparation process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the electron bombardment is carried out by means of a beta radiation.
    [22]
    21. Preparation process according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the radiation dose is at least 50 kGy, preferably ranges from 70 to 300 kGy.

    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP2707231B1|2015-07-08|Tyre having a crown region provided with an underlayer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer
    EP2834088B1|2017-03-08|Method for retreading a tyre of which the crown area is provided with a sub-layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer
    EP2834297B1|2016-06-15|Tyre of which the crown area is provided with a sub-layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer
    EP2895335B1|2018-02-21|Tire provided with a tread including a thermoplastic elastomer and carbon black
    EP2707232B1|2015-10-21|Tyre provided with a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer
    EP3362270B1|2020-07-08|Tyre comprising a tread crosslinked by electron bombardment
    EP3099742B1|2020-04-15|Tyre provided with a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer
    EP2879872B1|2017-09-06|Multilayer laminate for tyres
    EP3541633B1|2020-12-30|Tire comprising a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and a crosslinking system based on one or more peroxides
    EP2734385B1|2016-04-20|Pneumatic tyre provided with a tread based on a thermoplastic elastomer
    EP3148821A1|2017-04-05|Tyre of which the crown area is provided with a sub-layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and a magnetic filler
    EP3541634B1|2020-12-30|Tire comprising a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and a crosslinking system based on sulfur
    EP3148822A1|2017-04-05|Tyre of which the crown area is provided with a sub-layer comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and a conductive filler
    EP3710285A1|2020-09-23|Tyre provided with an outer sidewall comprising a liquid plasticiser having a low glass transition temperature
    FR3081876A1|2019-12-06|TIRE PROVIDED WITH AN EXTERNAL SIDING COMPRISING ONE OR MORE THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS AND ONE OR MORE SYNTHETIC DIENE ELASTOMERS
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP6772260B2|2020-10-21|
    JP2018538161A|2018-12-27|
    EP3362270A1|2018-08-22|
    WO2017064091A1|2017-04-20|
    FR3042439B1|2017-12-15|
    EP3362270B1|2020-07-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2001233020A|2000-02-24|2001-08-28|Ohtsu Tire & Rubber Co Ltd :The|Passenger car tire and manufacturing method for it|
    EP2058359A1|2007-11-06|2009-05-13|Bridgestone Corporation|Innerliner for tire and tire using the same|
    JP2009166712A|2008-01-17|2009-07-30|Bridgestone Corp|Tire and its manufacturing process|
    JP2009173048A|2008-01-21|2009-08-06|Bridgestone Corp|Tread and tire using it|
    JP2012051149A|2010-08-31|2012-03-15|Toyo Tire & Rubber Co Ltd|Method for producing pneumatic tire|
    WO2012152686A1|2011-05-12|2012-11-15|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|Tyre provided with a tread comprising a thermoplastic elastomer|
    US4946899A|1988-12-16|1990-08-07|The University Of Akron|Thermoplastic elastomers of isobutylene and process of preparation|
    FR2740778A1|1995-11-07|1997-05-09|Michelin & Cie|SILICA-BASED RUBBER COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONALIZED DIENE POLYMER HAVING TERMINAL SILANOL FUNCTION|
    FR2765882B1|1997-07-11|1999-09-03|Michelin & Cie|CARBON BLACK-BASED RUBBER COMPOSITION HAVING SILICA ATTACHED TO ITS SURFACE AND ALCOXYSILANE FUNCTIONALIZED DIENE POLYMER|
    AT290565T|2000-02-24|2005-03-15|Michelin Soc Tech|VULCANIZABLE RUBBER MIXTURE FOR MANUFACTURING AN AIR RIFE AND AIR TIRE CONTAINING SUCH A COMPOSITION|
    CN1140570C|2000-05-26|2004-03-03|米其林技术公司|Rubber composition for use as tyre running tread|
    SE519792C2|2001-08-17|2003-04-08|Volvo Lastvagnar Ab|Method for estimating the mass of a vehicle which is carried on a road with a varying slope and method for estimating the slope of the road on which a vehicle is driven|
    FR2854404B1|2003-04-29|2005-07-01|Michelin Soc Tech|METHOD OF OBTAINING GRAFT ELASTOMER WITH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ALONG THE CHAIN AND RUBBER COMPOSITIONS|
    DE102012105730A1|2012-06-29|2014-01-02|Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh|Method for reducing stickiness property of unvulcanized tread for tire, involves adsorbing electron beam energy through tread, performing pre-crosslinking of thread top material layer, removing tire from holding device, and curing tire|FR3068040A1|2017-06-21|2018-12-28|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|POLYMERIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING A BRANCH THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER AND A STYRENE THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER|
    EP3727876A1|2017-12-21|2020-10-28|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|Sulfur-free crosslinked composition comprising a phenolic compound|
    FR3086297B1|2018-09-21|2021-06-04|Michelin & Cie|RUBBER COMPOSITION CONTAINING A POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUND|
    WO2020128257A1|2018-12-19|2020-06-25|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|Tyre having a rubber composition comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and a rubber crumb|
    FR3090651A3|2018-12-19|2020-06-26|Michelin & Cie|TIRE COMPRISING A RUBBER COMPOSITION COMPRISING A THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER AND A RUBBER POWDER|
    法律状态:
    2016-10-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-04-21| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170421 |
    2017-10-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1559763A|FR3042439B1|2015-10-14|2015-10-14|PNEUMATIC COMPRISING A BEARING BAND RETICULATED BY ELECTRONIC BOMBING|FR1559763A| FR3042439B1|2015-10-14|2015-10-14|PNEUMATIC COMPRISING A BEARING BAND RETICULATED BY ELECTRONIC BOMBING|
    JP2018519402A| JP6772260B2|2015-10-14|2016-10-12|Tires containing treads cross-linked by electronic impact|
    PCT/EP2016/074403| WO2017064091A1|2015-10-14|2016-10-12|Tyre comprising a tread crosslinked by electron bombardment|
    EP16781389.8A| EP3362270B1|2015-10-14|2016-10-12|Tyre comprising a tread crosslinked by electron bombardment|
    [返回顶部]