• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The subject of the present invention is a method for detecting and managing an uncorrectable error in a non-volatile memory of a microcontroller, said microcontroller having a reading interface (E), an exception manager (X), and a set of internal registers and execution parameters constituting a low-level context of said microcontroller. The method provides for the backup (X1) of the low-level context of the microcontroller, as well as its restoration (X2) in the event that an exception (HW_X) is raised during an attempt to read (E2) a data item in memory volatile, subject to activation (E1) of a specific strategy for detecting and managing uncorrectable error.
    公开号:FR3040523A1
    申请号:FR1558019
    申请日:2015-08-28
    公开日:2017-03-03
    发明作者:Vincent Deligeon；Pierre Boucher
    申请人:Continental Automotive GmbH；Continental Automotive France SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the field of embedded microcontrollers. Recent microcontrollers have a nonvolatile memory, also called read-only memory, such as Flash memory, on which data are stored. This data is associated with an error correction code, designated by the acronym ECC, for Error Correction Code, in order to protect said microcontrollers from any corruption of the data stored in their non-volatile memory.
    However, uncorrectable errors may occur, and the microcontrollers then generate an exception when reading such an uncorrectable error.
    In this context, the present invention relates to a method for detecting, locating, and managing the occurrence of an uncorrectable error in a non-volatile memory of any type of microcontroller.
    As is known, motor vehicles, like any other type of vehicle, include computers with microcontrollers capable of executing embedded software. To this end, said microcontrollers have data storage means, volatile or not. Such microcontrollers thus have a volatile memory, also called random access memory, typically RAM type memory, for Random Access Memory according to the acronym well known to those skilled in the art. Moreover, for the long-term storage of data, the microcontrollers also have a non-volatile memory, typically Flash memory, well known to those skilled in the art. Flash memory is used in particular for the backup of the microcontroller software, the "firmware" according to the English name well known to those skilled in the art, and for the data backup relating to the life cycles of the microcontroller and its controller. Embedded Software.
    In practice, when the software embedded on the microcontroller is executed, it reads the Flash memory to then allow the implementation of software application "high level" and the proper execution of the decision-making functions that it comprises.
    As a non-volatile memory, it is well known that Flash memory is widely used, because of its economic competitiveness and its small footprint.
    A known problem related to the use of Flash memory however lies in the difficulty to ensure the consistency of the data stored therein. According to the state of the art, as mentioned briefly above, there are microcontrollers with flash memory, in which the data saved are associated with an error correction code, known by the acronym of ECC, for Error Correction Code.
    By associating the data stored in the flash memory with an error correction code, the state of the art makes it possible to detect and deal with a large part of the errors relating to an inconsistency of the data read in flash memory.
    However, some of the errors that can occur when reading data in Flash memory, some are not correctable. In this case, when running, a microcontroller tries to read a data corresponding to an uncorrectable error, the latter throws an exception which, according to the state of the art, generally causes the restart of the microcontroller. Indeed, according to the state of the art, when an exception is thrown during a reading of data in flash memory, following the occurrence of an uncorrectable error, it is not possible to restore a stable state of the microcontroller, prior to the occurrence of the uncorrectable error, the parameters constituting the low level context of said stable microcontroller, the state of the internal registers, the stack pointer, the address registers, etc., being lost.
    Thus, more specifically, according to the state of the art, when a microcontroller receives the instruction to read data in Flash memory, it implements a reading interface capable of executing the read instruction. Said reading interface is in practice a function of the "driver", that is to say the driver, the microcontroller. The "driver" manages, in particular, all requests for reading and writing data from application software implemented by the computer including the microcontroller concerned. When said microcontroller, in practice said reading interface, is confronted with an uncorrectable error, such as a non-existent instruction or irredeemably corrupted data, said microcontroller throws an exception via an exception handler. Said exception, in general, causes the restart of the microcontroller and the microcontroller.
    The technical problem that results from this behavior of the read interface cooperating with the exception manager, in the known microcontrollers, lies in the fact that, in the case where an uncorrectable error is due to a corruption of a zone memory of the Flash memory, the exception is thrown in a loop and this causes a loop restart of the microcontroller and the concerned computer. In practice, after several consecutive restarts of a critical computer, a motor vehicle on which this type of malfunction occurs would be stopped by the engine control and not restartable without the intervention of a technician.
    According to a known technique, certain specific microcontrollers, necessarily having fixed-size function call contexts stored in a dedicated stack, have an exception manager capable, on prior request, of returning the microcontroller software to a function greater than the call of the reading interface having raised an exception because of an error identified as uncorrectable, without generating a restart of the microcontroller. This known solution is however not applicable to many microcontrollers, in particular not including call contexts of fixed size functions stored in a dedicated stack.
    There is therefore a need for a method for managing uncorrectable errors occurring in a non-volatile memory, of the Flash type, of a microcontroller integrated with an on-board computer, in particular in the context of a motor vehicle.
    The present invention therefore relates to a method improving the read interface configured to read the flash memory of an embedded microcontroller cooperating with an exception manager. In particular, the method according to the invention makes it possible to manage uncorrectable errors present in the flash memory, without generating a restart, while allowing the identification of a corresponding corrupted memory zone, and being moreover compatible with everything else. type of microcontroller.
    The method for detecting and managing an uncorrectable error in a non-volatile memory of an embedded microcontroller, according to the invention, is based on the fact that the exception manager of a microcontroller is able to lift the exceptions when this is actually necessary, and only when it is actually necessary, in accordance with the particularly demanding requirements that apply to microcontroller manufacturers.
    More specifically, the method according to the invention provides for the realization of a backup of the low-level context of the microcontroller, before any reading of data in flash memory, so as to enable the restoration of said low-level context in the event of an exception being raised. the reading of data in a corrupted memory area, thus avoiding, in cases where it is not absolutely necessary, the restart of the microcontroller. For this purpose, the invention relates to a method for detecting and managing an uncorrectable error in a non-volatile memory of a microcontroller, said microcontroller having a reading interface, an exception manager, and a set of registers. internal and execution parameters constituting a low-level context of said microcontroller, said method comprising the following steps: i. at each command of a read operation, to be performed by the read interface, of a data item in a memory zone of the non-volatile memory, the systematic activation of a specific detection and error management strategy non-correctable in the non-volatile memory, said strategy comprising the following steps: ii. recording in a volatile memory of the microcontroller the state of the internal registers and the execution parameters constituting the low-level context of said microcontroller; iii. reading the data in the non-volatile memory; iv. if an exception is raised by the exception handler during the reading of said data, the restoration by said exception handler of the state of the internal registers and the executing parameters constituting the low-level context of the microcontroller, such as stored in memory in step ii., the invalidation of the memory area and the deactivation of the specific uncorrectable error detection and management strategy; v. if no exception is thrown by the exception handler when reading the data, disabling the specific strategy for uncorrectable error detection and management, after reading said data.
    The internal registers include, for example, a data register and an address register.
    The execution parameters include for example a stack pointer of the microcontroller.
    According to a preferred embodiment, said non-volatile memory is a flash memory.
    According to a preferred embodiment, said volatile memory is a RAM memory.
    Preferably, if an exception is thrown by the exception handler when reading the data in the non-volatile memory, step iv. includes an initial substep comprising: • performing a verification test by the exception manager that the specific uncorrectable error detection and management strategy is active and that said exception is exclusively due to the detection of an uncorrectable error; and • if said strategy is not active, restarting the microcontroller.
    With this embodiment, the method according to the invention is able to handle the case where an exception occurs independently of a call to the reading interface; in this case, an immediate restart of the microcontroller is provided, without restoration of the low level context of the microcontroller.
    Advantageously, the method according to the invention comprises, at the end of step iv., The realization of a return, in the form of an absolute jump, to return to the output of step ii.
    According to a preferred embodiment, prior to step iii. for reading the data in the non-volatile memory in a determinable zone of said non-volatile memory, the method according to the invention provides: • carrying out a test to check whether an exception has been raised by the exception manager, resulting in a return, in the form of an absolute jump, to return to the exit of step ii. ; • If an exception has resulted in a return, in the form of an absolute jump, to return to the output of step ii. has been removed, invalidating said zone of the non-volatile memory, so that the reading interface no longer tries to access said zone of the non-volatile memory; • if no exception has resulted in a return, in the form of an absolute jump, to return to the output of step ii. was lifted, the continuation of the process by step iii.
    Advantageously, step iv. further comprises transmitting information to the read interface by the exception handler that an uncorrectable error has occurred.
    Advantageously, said information comprises an identification of the zone of the non-volatile memory presenting the uncorrectable error and presumed to be corrupted. The invention furthermore relates to an on-board microcontroller device, intended for a motor vehicle computer, said microcontroller comprising a microprocessor and a non-volatile memory, and said microcontroller being remarkable in that it is configured to implement the method of detecting and managing an uncorrectable error in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller as briefly described above. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which will follow, given solely by way of example, and referring to the appended drawing which represents a logic diagram showing the steps of the method according to the invention, according to a method of preferred embodiment. The invention is presented primarily for application to microcontrollers implemented in on-board computers on motor vehicles. However, other applications are also covered by the present invention, in particular for application to microcontrollers implemented in onboard computers on any type of vehicle, terrestrial or not.
    In addition, reference will generally be made in the rest of the description to an application of the method according to the invention to the management of uncorrectable errors in a Flash memory; however, the method according to the invention can be implemented for any type of non-volatile memory.
    In the context already described above, in which an embedded microcontroller has a non-volatile memory, typically of Flash type, the present invention aims to detect and optimally manage the uncorrectable errors that may occur when reading data in said non-volatile memory.
    The flash memory of an on-board microcontroller comprises in fact critical data, including the low-level software allowing the operability of the microcontroller, namely the firmware according to the English term commonly used and well known to those skilled in the art, as well as backup data, recorded during the life cycles of the microcontroller, and used by the software of said microcontroller.
    According to the state of the art, as explained in the preamble, the data recorded in the flash memory are associated with an error correction code and the reading interface ensuring the reading of the data in flash memory is able to detect and correct automatically. a large majority of errors.
    However, some errors are not correctable and cause exceptions to be thrown by an exception handler. In the general case, the occurrence of an exception causes the restart of the microcontroller, and therefore of the computer that hosts it.
    When an area of the flash memory is corrupted, the microcontroller can then be in a state of restart loop. In the context of a motor vehicle, after several successive restarts of a computer, the stopping of the vehicle is imposed.
    The present invention provides a method for the detection of uncorrectable errors, their management without restarting the microcontroller, and the location of the corrupted memory area, if any. To this end, the method according to the invention aims to improve the reading interface ensuring the reading of the data in Flash memory, as well as the exception manager with which it cooperates.
    In FIG. 1, the steps and condition on the left are implemented or verified by the read interface E of the microcontroller, while the steps and conditions on the right are implemented or checked by the exception manager X the microcontroller.
    Thus, with reference to FIG. 1, the method for detecting and managing uncorrectable errors in non-volatile memory of a microcontroller, in accordance with the invention, firstly presents a step E1 corresponding to the activation of a specific strategy for enabling the detection and management of an uncorrectable error in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller. This step E1 of activation of the specific strategy is systematically activated during any call to the reading interface, in other words during any engagement of a read operation of data in flash memory.
    At the end of the read operation, the method according to the invention provides a step E3 for deactivating the specific strategy. The advantage of this systematic activation in the first step E1 of a data reading operation in Flash memory and of this systematic deactivation in the last step E3 of said data read operation in Flash memory lies in the fact that this makes it possible to conserve the ability to force a restart of the microcontroller when an exception occurs out of any operation of reading data in memory, for example because an independent function, having not called the reading interface of the "driver" of the microcontroller , came to read a corrupted data. As soon as the activation of the specific uncorrectable error detection and management strategy in the microcontroller's flash memory, in step E1, is accomplished, the method according to the invention provides for the backup of the microcontroller's low-level context. . According to the preferred embodiment, this backup is performed by the exception manager, in step X1 in FIG. 1, before any actual read of data in Flash memory, and immediately after activation of the specific strategy.
    By "low level context" is meant all the internal registers of said microcontroller, such as data registers, address registers, the register listing the function return addresses, and any parameter such as the state the stack pointer, that is to say, in summary, the set of internal registers and parameters constituting the context of execution of the microcontroller. The state of the set of internal registers and parameters constituting the low-level context of the microcontroller is saved by the exception manager in a separate memory of the non-volatile memory concerned, for example a volatile memory, typically RAM, of RAM type, microcontroller. Said memory on which the low level context of the microcontroller is stored in step X1 should preferably be easily modifiable so that it can be written without having to modify said low level context of the microcontroller. This memory intended to receive the backup of the low-level context must also, preferably, be different from that targeted by the reading interface, in order to avoid error conflicts in the extreme case where the writing of the backup low-level microcontroller context would cause uncorrectable errors. In practice, preferably, the RAM microcontroller RAM is thus used for writing the low level context backup of the microcontroller.
    It should be noted that particular attention must be paid to the implementation of the backup function of the low-level context of the microcontroller by the exception manager, so that said backup does not entail a modification, by its call and its execution, said low level microcontroller context, that is to say, most address and data registers, stack pointers, parameters constituting the context of execution of the microcontroller ... etc. Moreover, through its proper implementation, the backup function preferably exclusively uses a dedicated part of the low-level context of the microcontroller, depending on the architecture of said microcontroller and in particular the procedure for calling the functions implemented by said microcontroller. microcontroller, such as the passing registers of arguments.
    Indeed, if the backup function changed the low-level context because of its call, the backup of the microcontroller low-level context would not be faithful. On the other hand, a part of said low-level context can be reserved for "local" use by a function, and can thus be used for the backup function of the microcontroller's low-level context.
    The method according to the invention then uses condition C1. The condition C1 corresponds to the verification, or not, that an exception has just been thrown by the exception generator during a previous attempt to read a piece of data in the flash memory, said exception handler then having caused an absolute jump in the execution of the reading operation by the read interface to the state in which said operation was before attempting to read data in Flash memory, said absolute jump being provided in step X3, described below.
    If no exception has been thrown at this stage, the read interface reads the targeted data in Flash memory, corresponding to step E2 in FIG. 1. Therefore, according to the invention, if a hardware exception FIW X occurs when attempting to read data in Flash memory, said data being struck with an uncorrectable error, then the condition C2, relating to the verification by the exception manager that the specific detection and management strategy of inaccurate error in Flash memory is active or not, is tested.
    If the exception manager finds that said strategy is not active, then the microcontroller is restarted (step X4 on the logic diagram of FIG. 1) because the hardware exception is due to an error independent of the call to the read operation in progress. If the exception manager finds that said strategy is active, then the exception manager restores the low-level context previously saved (step X2 in FIG. 1) and generates an absolute jump (step X3 in FIG. read operation to return the read interface and the microcontroller to the state where they were at the output of step E1, that is to say after activation of the specific strategy and before the actual read attempt in Flash memory.
    Condition C1 is then (re) verified. If an exception has indeed been generated by the exception generator, the method according to the invention provides that the memory area that was targeted by the read operation, being identified, is "disabled", so that the interface the reading zone no longer tries to access said memory zone, corresponding to step E4 on the logic diagram of FIG. 1.
    In this way, the hardware exception that occurred due to a corrupted memory zone having caused an uncorrectable error has been interpreted and managed without causing the microcontroller to restart, thanks to the method according to the invention.
    In addition, by means of the test C2, the method according to the invention provides the possibility that an exception caused by a function independent of a read operation implemented by the appropriate reading interface may cause a restart of the microcontroller, when the specific strategy for detection and management of uncorrectable error in memory is not activated. Indeed, if said strategy is not active, then the low level context of the microcontroller has not been saved and can not be restored. Therefore, the only action possible is the restart of the microcontroller.
    Moreover, the method according to the invention can optionally provide, in case of implementation of said method in the context of a preemptive environment, in which the reading interface is implemented on a critical zone, prohibition of access to Flash memory, by interception of any call that does not pass through the appropriate reading interface, since such calls would occur after activation, and before deactivation, of the specific detection and management strategy. inaccurate error in Flash memory.
    In summary, the present invention relates to a method capable of detecting and managing the occurrence of an exception caused by an uncorrectable error present in the non-volatile memory of a microcontroller, without causing a restart of said microcontroller.
    The method according to the invention, to express it in a synthetic manner, provides for testing the integrity of the non-volatile memory before attempting to read it, and then, if an exception occurs to provoke a "leap into the past". to allow the read interface to avoid the corrupted memory area. To this end, a specific strategy must be activated at the start of any read operation, and deactivated at the end of said read operation. As soon as the strategy is activated, the exception handler performs a "photography" (backup) of the low-level context of the microcontroller, which it saves, and restores, if necessary, if an exception occurs during the reading of a given data. in memory, due to the presence of an uncorrectable error in a corrupted memory area.
    It should be noted, moreover, that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described by way of example and is capable of variants within the scope of the skilled person.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A method for detecting and managing an uncorrectable error in a non-volatile memory of a microcontroller, said microcontroller having a read interface (E), an exception handler (X), and a set of internal registers and executing parameters constituting a low-level context of said microcontroller, said method comprising the following steps: i. at each command of a read operation, to be performed by the read interface of a data item in a memory zone of the non-volatile memory, the systematic activation (E1) of a specific detection and management strategy uncorrectable error in the non-volatile memory, said strategy comprising the following steps: ii. recording (X1) in a volatile memory of the microcontroller of the state of the internal registers and the execution parameters constituting the low-level context of said microcontroller; iii. reading (E2) the data in the non-volatile memory; iv. if an exception (HW_X) is thrown by the exception handler during the reading of said data, the restoration (X2) by said exception handler of the state of the internal registers and the execution parameters constituting the context low microcontroller level, as recorded in memory in step ii., the invalidation of the memory zone and the deactivation (E3) of the specific strategy of detection and management of uncorrectable error; v. if no exception is raised by the exception handler when reading the data, disabling (E3) of the specific strategy of uncorrectable error detection and management, after reading said data.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal registers comprise data registers and address registers.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the execution parameters comprise a stack pointer of the microcontroller.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said non-volatile memory is a flash memory.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, if an exception (HW_X) is raised by the exception handler when reading the data in the non-volatile memory, step iv . includes an initial substep comprising: • performing a check (C2) check by the exception handler that the specific uncorrectable error detection and management strategy is active and that said exception (HW_X) is exclusively due to the detection of an uncorrectable error; and if said strategy is not active, the restart (X4) of the microcontroller.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises, at the end of step iv., The realization of a return, in the form of an absolute jump (X3) , to return to the output of step ii.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises, prior to step iii. for reading the data in the non-volatile memory in a determinable zone of said non-volatile memory: performing a test (C1) to check whether an exception (HW_X) has been raised by the exception manager, having resulted in performing a return, in the form of an absolute jump (X3), to return to the output of step ii. ; • if an exception (HW_X) has caused the return, in the form of an absolute jump (X3), to return to the output of step ii. the invalidation (E4) of said zone of the non-volatile memory has been removed, so that the reading interface (E) no longer attempts to access said zone of the non-volatile memory; • if no exception (HW_X) has resulted in a return, in the form of an absolute jump (X3), to return to the output of step ii. was lifted, the continuation of the process by step iii.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that step iv. further comprises transmitting information to the read interface by the exception handler that an uncorrectable error has occurred.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. The method of claim 8, characterized in that said information comprises an identification of the area of the non-volatile memory with the uncorrectable error and presumed corrupted.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    An on-board microcontroller device, intended for a motor vehicle computer, said microcontroller comprising a microprocessor and a non-volatile memory, and said microcontroller being characterized in that it is configured to implement the detection and management method of the microcontroller. an uncorrectable error in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1558019A|FR3040523B1|2015-08-28|2015-08-28|METHOD OF DETECTING AN UNCOMPRIGIBLE ERROR IN A NON-VOLATILE MEMORY OF A MICROCONTROLLER|
    FR1558019|2015-08-28|FR1558019A| FR3040523B1|2015-08-28|2015-08-28|METHOD OF DETECTING AN UNCOMPRIGIBLE ERROR IN A NON-VOLATILE MEMORY OF A MICROCONTROLLER|
    CN201680049935.6A| CN107924352B|2015-08-28|2016-08-26|Method for detecting uncorrectable errors in a non-volatile memory of a microcontroller|
    US15/754,125| US10628269B2|2015-08-28|2016-08-26|Method for detecting an uncorrectable error in a non-volatile memory of a microcontroller|
    PCT/EP2016/001443| WO2017036584A1|2015-08-28|2016-08-26|Method for detecting an uncorrectable error in a non-volatile memory of a microcontroller|
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