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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for extracting tantalum from an aqueous acidic phase A1 comprising at least one step comprising contacting the aqueous phase A1 with a phase immiscible with water, and then separating the the aqueous phase A1 of the phase A2, the phase A2 being constituted by an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant. The invention also relates to a method for recovering tantalum using this extraction method and to using an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant to extract tantalum. of such an aqueous phase A1.
    公开号:FR3040060A1
    申请号:FR1557636
    申请日:2015-08-10
    公开日:2017-02-17
    发明作者:Raphael Turgis；Guilhem Arrachart；Stephane Pellet-Rostaing；Micheline Draye；Sophie Legeai；David Virieux；Christian Thomas
    申请人:TND；Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS；Universite de Montpellier I；Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Montpellier ENSCM；Universite de Montpellier；Universite Savoie Mont Blanc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHODS OF EXTRACTING AND RECOVERING THE TANTALE PRESENT IN AN ACOUSTIC AQUEOUS PHASE USING AN IONIC LIQUID, AND USE OF SUCH A LIQUID IONIC FOR EXTRACTING THE TANTAL FROM AN ACOUSIC AQUEOUS PHASE
    DESCRIPTION
    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention relates to the field of the extraction of tantalum from an aqueous acidic phase in which this tantalum is present.
    It relates more particularly to a process for extracting tantalum from an aqueous acidic phase, this extraction process comprising contacting this aqueous phase with a water immiscible phase. The invention also relates to a method of recovering tantalum present in an acidic aqueous phase which implements the extraction process just mentioned.
    The present invention further relates to the use of a particular extractant for extracting tantalum from an aqueous acid phase in which it is present.
    The acidic aqueous phase from which can be extracted, or from which can be recovered, tantalum may in particular be an acid etching solution of a concentrate of ores or waste comprising said tantalum.
    The present invention finds particular application in the treatment of natural ores and / or industrial waste, such as waste electrical and electronic equipment, in order to enhance the tantalum present in them.
    STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
    Tantalum, Ta symbol, is a transition metal that has a high melting point, a very high resistance to acid corrosion as well as good electrical conduction and thermal conduction properties. Tantalum is, to date, used in many fields and, in particular, in the chemical industry, aeronautics, medical, electronics and, more particularly, for the manufacture of capacitors.
    The main source of tantalum currently comes from ores, particularly colombo-tantalite in which this chemical element is associated with niobium. The remainder of the tantalum production comes from the treatment of tin slag and the recycling of industrial waste.
    The processes currently used to recover tantalum from these natural or industrial ores consist in subjecting these ores, previously ground, to chemical treatments to obtain a mineral concentrate, which is then subjected to a chemical attack conventionally carried out by means of a or several inorganic acids. The so-called "acid attack solution" solution thus obtained is then subjected to a hydro-metallurgical treatment based on the liquid-liquid extraction technique, which consists in bringing the aqueous phase constituted by this acid etching solution into contact with an organic phase comprising one or more extractants, to obtain the extraction of this tantalum.
    Many extractants have been developed for extracting tantalum from such an aqueous acidic phase. By way of examples, mention may be made of phosphorus derivatives such as tri-n-butyl phosphate (or TBP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (or TOPO), fatty amines, sulphoxides, fatty alcohols such as octan-2-ol, and ketones such as cyclohexanone and methyl isobutyl ketone (or MIBK), these extractants being, if appropriate, in solution in an organic solvent or diluent.
    MIBK, TBP, cyclohexanone and octan-2-ol are among the extractants that are used industrially to extract tantalum from an aqueous acidic phase, it being specified that MIBK remains the most widely used extractant to date. . Nevertheless, the MIBK, which has a high volatility and a flash point (or flashpoint) of 14 ° C, is highly flammable, which poses problems of industrial safety but also of environmental safety.
    To satisfy ever-increasing needs for tantalum, particularly through the recovery of industrial and domestic waste containing this metal, it would be desirable to have an extractant which, while having a remarkable ability to extract tantalum from a phase acidic aqueous, or generally free from the disadvantages presented by the extractants used to date.
    The inventors have therefore set themselves the goal of proposing a method making it possible to extract the tantalum present in an aqueous acid phase, with a yield and a selectivity, with respect to the other metals and impurities also present in this acidic aqueous phase, which are remarkable and in conditions of industrial safety and environmental safety optimized.
    STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
    This previously stated goal and others are achieved, first, by a method of extracting tantalum from an aqueous phase Al acid of the aforementioned type, that is to say by a process comprising at least one step comprising contacting the aqueous phase A1 with a water-immiscible phase A2, and then separating the aqueous phase A1 from the phase A2.
    According to the invention, the phase A2 is constituted by an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant.
    As clearly established in the scientific literature, an ionic liquid is a salt having a melting temperature below 100 ° C and often even below room temperature. An ionic liquid typically consists of an organic cation and an anion which can be organic or inorganic.
    Ionic liquids are characterized by a high thermal stability, a vapor pressure of almost zero (which prevents them from evaporation in the atmosphere) as well as a very low flammability, they are used as substitutes for traditional organic solvents which are commonly implemented in chemical reactions.
    However, the inventors have found, unexpectedly and surprisingly, that an A2 phase consisting of an ionic liquid, or a mixture of ionic liquids, can extract, efficiently and selectively, the tantalum present in an aqueous phase. acid. Thus, the ionic liquid or the mixture of ionic liquids ensures not only the function of organic solvent or diluent but also that of extractant.
    When it is indicated that this phase A2 may consist of an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids, it is understood that this phase A2 does not include any other organic solvent or diluent, which makes it possible to optimize the industrial safety conditions. and environmental safety as well as to simplify the management of the extraction process, by limiting the number of compounds used.
    In an advantageous variant of the invention, the phase A2 is constituted by an ionic liquid, that is to say that this phase A2 consists of only one ionic liquid.
    But nothing forbids to consider that this phase A2 is constituted by a mixture of two, three, or more, ionic liquids.
    By definition, the ionic liquid or ionic liquids that make up the mixture comprise an organic cation and an anion. From the point of view of nomenclature, the cation is noted in square brackets and indicated first.
    In an advantageous variant of the invention, the anion of the ionic liquid or liquids is an organic anion, advantageously chosen from bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, symbolized by "ISTfo", hexafluorophosphate, denoted "PF6", and b / s- (fluorosulfonyl) imide, denoted "N (S02F) 2n or" FSI ".
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic anion is b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide NT2.
    In an advantageous variant of the invention, the organic cation of the ionic liquid or liquids comprises a nitrogen group chosen from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium, cyclic or non-cyclic, a phosphonium, a piperidinium, a pyridinium, a pyrrolidinium and a piperazinium. and an imidazolium, it being specified that these nitrogenous groups are respectively symbolized by "A", "P", "Pip", "Py", "Pyr", "Piperaz" and "IM". The quaternary ammonium may in particular be a tetraalkylammonium.
    In a still more advantageous variant of the invention, the organic cation of the ionic liquid or liquids comprises a nitrogen group chosen from the group consisting of a piperidinium, a pyridinium, a pyrrolidinium, a piperazinium and an imidazolium.
    In a first, more particularly advantageous, version of the invention, this organic cation is chosen from the group consisting of a dialkylpiperidinium, an alkylpyridinium, a N, N'-dialkylpiperazinium and a N, N'-dialkylimidazolium. In the rest of the present application, an ionic liquid comprising such an organic cation comprising this alkyl group or groups is called "nonfunctional ionic liquid".
    This or these alkyl groups, advantageously C 1 -C 10, may be linear or branched. They are symbolized by the first letter of the alkyl group (s) carried by the cation, to the left of the symbol of said cation. By way of examples of non-functionalized ionic liquids, when the anion is b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide NTi 2, mention may be made of the following ionic liquids: - ethylbutylpiperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, symbolized by [EBPip] NTf2, of formula:
    - / V-butyl- / V-methylimidazolium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, symbolized by [BMIM] NTf2, of formula:
    In a second, more particularly advantageous, version of the invention, this organic cation may, in addition, comprise at least one functional group chosen from a ketone, an alcohol, a phosphonate and a phosphine oxide. In the rest of the present application, an ionic liquid comprising such an organic cation comprising this or these functional groups is called "functionalized ionic liquid".
    A functionalized ionic liquid may also include one or more groups such as a linear or branched alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aromatic group. Ionic liquids comprising a ketone function, that is to say ionic liquids whose organic cation comprises a ketone function, can be synthesized according to different routes, such as routes A, B and C explained below.
    Lane A
    According to Route A, the synthesis of such ionic liquids can carry out the following reaction (1):
    (1)
    In order to obtain the ionic liquid used in the context of the present invention, the halide anion X 'of Compound I is exchanged by the NTf2 ~ anion according to the following reaction (Γ):
    (1 ·)
    Compound I Compound Ll
    In the compounds in the reactions (1) and (Γ) above, R 1 can in particular be a linear or branched alkyl group or an optionally substituted aromatic group. By way of examples, R 1 can be an n-alkyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group or a tolyl group.
    Track B
    The synthesis of ionic liquids according to route B is illustrated by that of 1-ethyl-4-oxopentyl-piperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [EPipP4K] NTf2, from acetylbutyrolactone which implements the reactions. (2) and (2 ') successive following:
    (2)
    (2 ')
    In order to obtain the ionic liquid used in the context of the present invention, the bromide anion Br exchanged with the NTi 2 - anion according to the following reaction (2 "):
    (2 ")
    Path C
    According to the route C, an ionic liquid comprising a ketone function may be synthesized according to the following reaction (3):
    (3) By way of examples of functionalized ionic liquids comprising a ketone functional group and the NTf 2 - anion, mention may be made of the following ionic liquids: - / V-ethyl- / V- / b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) -piperidinium, [EPipMIBK] NTf2, of formula
    EPIPMIBK] NTf2 - the f / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of N-ethyl- / V-acetophenone piperidinium, [EPipAcP] NTf2, of the formula
    [EPipAcP] NTf 2 - A / -ethyl- / V-4'-methylacetophenone piperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [EPipMAcP] NTf 2, of formula
    [EPipMAcP] NTf 2 - β- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of N -methyl- / N- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) imidazolium, [MIMMIBKYNT] 2, of formula
    [MIMMIBK] NTf 2 - A / - (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) pyridinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [PyMIBK] NTf 2, of the formula
    [PyMIBK] NTf 2 - [N-ethyl] -V-pinacolone piperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [EPipPin] NTf 2, of formula
    [EPipPin] NTf2 - [beta] -methyl-N-p-pinacolin-imidazolium b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [MIMPin] NTf2, of the formula
    [MIMPin] NTf 2 - 1-ethyl-4-oxopentylpiperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [EPipP4K] NTF2, of the formula
    - N, N-1,4-dimethyl-N - (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) piperazinium b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [MMPiperazMIBK] NTf 2, of the formula
    Ionic liquids comprising an alcohol function, that is to say ionic liquids whose organic cation comprises an alcohol function, can be synthesized according to the following reaction (4):
    (4) By way of example of a functionalized ionic liquid comprising an alcohol function and the NTf2 - anion, mention may be made of the following ionic liquid: - choline b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [Chol] NTf2, formula
    Ionic liquids comprising a phosphine oxide function, that is to say ionic liquids whose organic cation comprises a phosphine oxide function, can be synthesized according to the following reaction (5):
    (5) * Ionic liquids comprising a phosphonate function, that is to say ionic liquids whose organic cation comprises a phosphonate function, can be synthesized according to the following reaction (6):
    (6) By way of example of a functionalized ionic liquid comprising a phosphonate functional group and the NTf 2 - anion, mention may be made of the following ionic liquid: - b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of / V- (4- (dibutoxyphos) -phoryl) butyl) - / V-ethylpiperidinium, [EPipBPhos] NTf2, of formula
    As already stated in this second particularly advantageous version of the invention, the organic cation may comprise at least one functional group chosen from a ketone, an alcohol, a phosphonate and a phosphine oxide. Thus, this organic cation may comprise only a functional group, which is the case of all of the ionic liquids described above.
    It should be noted that among the functional groups mentioned, the phosphonate functional group is more particularly preferred.
    However, there is nothing to prevent this organic cation and, consequently, the corresponding functionalized ionic liquid, from comprising two or even more functional groups.
    Among the ionic liquids that can be envisaged for carrying out the extraction process according to the invention, the following ionic liquids are more particularly preferred, given their performance, both in terms of tantalum extraction yields and then in terms of extraction, but also in terms of selectivity vis-à-vis other metals present in the acidic aqueous phase from which this tantalum is extracted: - b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of / V-ethyl- / V- (4-methyl-2) -oxopentyl) piperidinium, - N-methyl-N- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) imidazolium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, - / b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide 4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) pyridinium, - (4- (dibutoxyphosphoryl) butyl) ethylpiperidinium b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, - ethylbutylpiperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and - b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide methylimidazolium.
    In addition, and advantageously, the extraction process according to the invention can be carried out at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C and being advantageously between 18 ° C and 40 ° C. Thus, to the advantages already mentioned for the extraction process according to the invention, is added that of a limitation of energy costs related to its implementation.
    According to an advantageous variant of the extraction process according to the invention, the aqueous phase Al is an acid attack solution, typically with one or more inorganic acids, of a concentrate of a natural ore, or of an urban ore. including said tantalum. "Urban ore" means the source of tantalum that can come from the recycling of industrial and domestic waste such as waste electrical and electronic equipment, also called "WEEE" or "D3E".
    According to another advantageous variant of the invention, the aqueous phase Al comprises at least one inorganic acid chosen from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. .
    According to a preferred variant, the aqueous phase Al comprises at least sulfuric acid.
    According to another advantageous variant of the invention, this aqueous phase A1 has a total molar concentration of inorganic acid (s) of at least 0.1 mol / L, advantageously from 1 mol / L to 14 mol / L and, preferably, from 3 mol / L to 9 mol / L.
    The present invention relates, secondly, to a method of recovering tantalum present in an aqueous phase Al acid.
    According to the invention, this recovery process comprises the following steps: (a) extracting tantalum from the aqueous phase Al by an extraction method as defined above; and (b) the desextraction of said tantalum present in the phase A2 as obtained at the end of step (a).
    In other words, the recovery process according to the invention comprises the following steps: (a) extraction of the tantalum from the aqueous phase Al by bringing the aqueous phase Al into contact with an immiscible phase A2; water and constituted by an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant, then the separation of the aqueous phase Al from the phase A2, and (b) the removal of said tantalum present in the phase A2 as obtained at the end of step (a).
    In this recovery process according to the invention, the extraction step (a) is carried out by the extraction method as defined above, it being specified that the advantageous characteristics of this extraction process, such as those relating to the compositions of the phase A2 and aqueous phase Al acid, can be taken alone or in combination.
    The inventors have also demonstrated the fact that step (b) tantalum extraction is particularly efficient and allows to recover quantitatively tantalum previously extracted from the aqueous phase Al.
    In an advantageous variant of the recovery method according to the invention, the step (b) of extraction comprises contacting this phase A2 with an aqueous phase A3 whose pH is less than or equal to 7, and then separating the phase A2 of the aqueous phase A3.
    This phase A2, as obtained at the end of the step (b) of desextraction, can then be advantageously recycled to be implemented again in the context of a step (a) of extraction, as phase A2 immiscible with water.
    The aqueous phase A3 may, in addition to water, comprise an acid, organic or inorganic, for example in molar concentrations ranging from 0.001 M to 0.1 M.
    In an advantageous variant of the recovery process according to the invention, the aqueous phase A3 has a pH ranging from 1 to 7, preferably a pH of 7. The organic acid may, for example, be ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ( EDTA). The inorganic acid may, for example, be sulfuric acid. The aqueous phase A3 may also be formed by an ammonium oxalate solution.
    In a preferred variant of the recovery process according to the invention, the aqueous phase A3 consists only of water, which may be distilled water, deionized water or even deionized water.
    The present invention relates, thirdly, to a use of a particular extractant to extract tantalum from an aqueous phase Al acid.
    According to the invention, this particular extractant whose use is the subject of the present invention is an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids, said one or more ionic liquids comprising an organic cation and an anion, said organic cation comprising a group nitrogen as defined above and selected from the group consisting of piperidinium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperazinium and imidazolium.
    In an advantageous variant of the invention, the anion of the ionic liquid or liquids is an organic anion, advantageously chosen from bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, hexafluorophosphate and bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic anion is b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide.
    In a first version of the use according to the invention, this ionic liquid is a non-functionalized ionic liquid, that is to say an ionic liquid whose organic cation is chosen from the group consisting of a dialkylpiperidinium, an alkylpyridinium, Λ, Λ / '- dialkylpiperazinium and Λ /, Λ /' - dialkylimidazolium. Reference will be made to what has been previously described for advantageous variants as well as examples of nonfunctionalised ionic liquids that may be used in the context of the present invention.
    In a second version of the use according to the invention, this ionic liquid is a functionalized ionic liquid, that is to say an ionic liquid whose organic cation further comprises at least one functional group chosen from a ketone , an alcohol, a phosphonate and a phosphine oxide. Reference will be made to what has been previously described for advantageous variants as well as examples of functionalized ionic liquids which may be used in the context of the present invention.
    According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the extraction is carried out by the liquid-liquid extraction technique, which technique consists in bringing into contact the aqueous phase Al acid comprising tantalum, with a phase which comprises this ionic liquid or the mixing such ionic liquids, this phase possibly comprising, in addition, other compounds such as one or more organic solvents or diluents.
    According to a preferred variant of the invention, the extraction is carried out by contacting the aqueous phase Al acid comprising tantalum, with a phase A2 which consists only of an ionic liquid, alone, or by the mixing such ionic liquids and this, in the absence of any other solvent or organic diluent.
    In the context of the present invention, the term "mixture of ionic liquids", the mixture of two, three or more ionic liquids that can be functionalized and / or non-functionalized. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the examples which follow and which relate to the synthesis of ionic liquids as well as to tests which demonstrate the ability of these ionic liquids to extract tantalum. aqueous acid solutions in which this tantalum is present.
    It is specified that these examples, which are described in particular with reference to Figures 1 to 14 attached, are given by way of illustration of the objects of the invention and in no way constitute a limitation of these objects.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    FIG. 1 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta on the distribution coefficient of this Ta (denoted Dia) when this Ta is extracted from said aqueous phase Al by means of a phase A2 consisting of [EPipMIBK] NTf2.
    FIG. 2 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb and Eu on the extraction percentages of these metals (denoted Em) when these metals are extracted from this aqueous phase by means of an A2 phase consisting of [EPipMIBK] NTf2.
    FIG. 3 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the distribution coefficient of each of these metals M (denoted Dm) when the extraction is carried out by a phase A2 consisting of [EPipMIBK] NTf2.
    FIG. 4 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the selectivity of Ta extraction with respect to each of these metals M ( noted Sia / K / i) when the extraction is performed by a phase A2 consisting of [EPipMIBK] NTf2.
    FIG. 5 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the distribution coefficient of each of these metals M (denoted Dm), after 3 extraction-desextraction cycles by an initial A2 phase consisting of [EPipMIBK] NTf2.
    FIG. 6 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the selectivity of Ta extraction with respect to each of these metals M (FIG. noted Sïa / M), after 3 extraction-desextraction cycles by an initial A2 phase consisting of [EPipMIBK] NTf2.
    FIG. 7 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the distribution coefficient of each of these metals M (denoted Dm) when the extraction is carried out by a phase A2 consisting of [EBPip] NTf2.
    FIG. 8 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the selectivity of Ta extraction with respect to each of these metals M (FIG. noted St3 / m) when the extraction is performed by a phase A2 consisting of [EBPip] NTf2.
    FIG. 9 illustrates the influence of the sulfuric acid molar concentration of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the distribution coefficient of each of these metals M (denoted Dm), after 3 extraction-desextraction cycles by an initial A2 phase consisting of [EBPip] NTf2.
    FIG. 10 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the selectivity of Ta extraction with respect to each of these metals M ( noted Sïa / Μ), after 3 extraction-desextraction cycles by an initial A2 phase consisting of [EBPip] NTf2.
    FIG. 11 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the distribution coefficient of each of these metals M (denoted Dm) when the extraction is carried out by a phase A2 consisting of [EPipBPhos] NTf2.
    FIG. 12 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the selectivity of Ta extraction with respect to each of these metals M (FIG. noted Sîa / M) when the extraction is performed by a phase A2 consisting of [EPipBPhos] NTf2.
    FIG. 13 illustrates the influence of the sulfuric acid molar concentration of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the distribution coefficient of each of these metals M (denoted Dm), after 3 extraction-desextraction cycles by an initial A2 phase consisting of [EPipBPhos] NTf2.
    FIG. 14 illustrates the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of an aqueous phase Al comprising Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag on the selectivity of Ta extraction with respect to each of these metals M (FIG. denoted Stb / m), after 3 extraction-desextraction cycles by an initial A2 phase consisting of [EPipBPhos] NTf2.
    EXAMPLES
    SYNTHESIS OF IONIC LIQUIDS
    Example 1 Synthesis of Ionic Liquids Comprising a Ketone Function
    As indicated above, the synthesis of ionic liquids comprising a ketone function can be carried out according to the A or B pathway. Whatever route A or B is selected, this synthesis requires those of intermediate compounds, hereinafter referred to as "Compounds I ", comprising a halide anion. 1.1 Synthesis of intermediate compounds
    1.1.1 According to track A
    The reactions used are as follows:
    (1a) A.l Synthesis of α-brominated ketones
    The operating procedure followed for the synthesis of α-brominated ketones is as follows: to a solution of 100 mmol of ketone CH 3 C (O) R 1 and 10 mmol of para-toluenesulphonic acid in 100 ml of ethyl acetate are added, in one go, 100 mmol of / V-bromosuccinimide. The mixture is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and protected from light. The mixture is then filtered, the organic phase washed with a solution of 1M potassium carbonate, saturated sodium thiosulfate and with distilled water (twice). The organic phase is then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The α-brominated ketone obtained is in the form of a yellow oil.
    C1-C3 α-brominated ketones, which were synthesized in accordance with the operating procedure just described, are specified in Table 1 below.
    Table 1 The asterisk noted (*) in Table 1 clarifies that 1-bromo-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (ketone Cl) is obtained in mixture with 3-bromo-4-methylpentan 2-one, in a ratio 65/35.
    The characterization data of these α-brominated ketones Cl to C3 are as follows: Ketone C1: 1-bromo-4-methyl-pentan-2-one NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.92 (d , 6H, J = 6.7 Hz, CH 3); 2.18 (m, 1H, CH); 2.51 (d, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz, C (O) -CH 2); 3.86 (s, 2H, Br-Cf / 2-C (O)) C2 ketone: 2-bromoacetophenone NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 4.56 (s, 2H, Br-CA72 -C (0)); 7.49 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr); 7.61 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr); 7.98 (d, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr). C3 ketone: 2-bromo-4'-methyl-acetophenone NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 2.42 (s, 3H, CH3); 4.43 (s, 2H, Br-CA72-C (O)); 7.29 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz, CHat); 7.88 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz, CHAr).
    A.2 Synthesis of Compounds I
    The procedure followed for the synthesis of Compounds I is described with reference to the synthesis of / V-ethyl-A / - (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) piperidinium bromide, denoted [EPipMIBK] Br from the mixture of -bromo-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (ketone-bromo Cl) and 3-bromo-4-methyl-pentan-2-one synthesized in chapter Al above. To a solution of 1-bromo-4-methyl-pentan-2-one and 3-bromo-4-methyl-pentan-2-one in a 65/35 ratio (31.45 g of mixture, ie 18.87 g corresponding to 105 mmol of cetoneabromide Cl) in 100 ml of ethyl acetate are added dropwise 17 ml (126 mmol) of ethylpiperidine. The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 12 hours. The heterogeneous mixture is then filtered, the salts are washed twice with ethyl acetate and the solvent is then evaporated off under reduced pressure. The compound [EPipMIBKjBr obtained, denoted 11, is in the form of a white solid (23.0 g, ie a yield of 75%).
    Compounds 11 to 15 (synthesized according to the operating procedure just described) as well as Compounds 16 and 17 (the synthesis of which is detailed below) are specified in Table 2 below.
    Table 2
    The semi-developed formulas and characterization data of these Compounds 11 to 17 are as follows:
    Compound 11: / V-ethyl-A / - (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) piperidinium bromide, [EPipMIBKJBr, of formula
    1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.76 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3); 1.18 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, CW3-CH2-N); 1.61-1.86 (m, 6H, CH 2); 2.01 (m, 1H, CH); 2.39 (d, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz, C (O) -Ctfz); 3.54 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 3.71 (q, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH3-Ctf2-N); 3.88 (m, 2H, CA72-N); 4.86 (s, 2H, N-CW2-C (O)). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 8.2 (CH3); 19.7; 20.6 (CH2); 22.3 (CH3); 24.0 (CH); 49.9 (C (O) -CH 2); 53.8 (CH3-CH2-N); 59.2 (CH2-N); 63.1 (N-CH2-C (O)); 202.3 (C (O)).
    Compound 12: / V-ethyl- / V-acetophenone piperidinium bromide, [EPipAcP] Br, of formula
    [EPipAcP] Br 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ (ppm): 1.31 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH 3 -CH 2 -N); 1.79 (m, 2H, CH 2); 1.91 (m, 4H, CH 2); 3.83 (dt, 2H, J = 12.5 Hz, J = 4.5 Hz, m, CH2-Ctf2-N); 3.94 (m, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH 3 -C / - / 2-N); 4.38 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 5.62 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 7.44 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHat); 7.57 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHat); 8.19 (d, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 8.4 (CH3); 20.1; 20.7 (CH2); 53.2 (CH3-CH2-N); 59.7 (CH2-N); 61.6 (N-CH2-C (O)); 128.8; 129.1 (CHAr); 134.1 (CAr); 135.0 (CHAr); 191.5 (C (O)).
    Compound 13: / V-ethyl- / V-4'-methylacetophenone piperidinium bromide, [EPipMAcP] Br, of formula
    [EPipMAcP] Br 3 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ (ppm): 1.30 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH 3 -CH 2 -N); 1.79-1.91 (m, 6H, CH 2); 2.34 (s, 3H, CH 3 -Ar); 3.81 (dt, 2H, J = 12.5 Hz, J = 4.5 Hz, m, CH2-Ctf2-N); 3.93 (m, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH3-CAV2-N); 4.38 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 5.55 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 7.23 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz, CHAr); 8.07 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz, CHat). 13CNMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 8.4 (CH3); 20.1; 20.7 (CH2); 21.8 (CH3-Ar); 53.2 (CH3-CH2-N); 59.7 (CH2-N); 61.4 (N-CH2-C (O)); 128.9; 129.8 (CHAr); 131.6 (CAr); 146.2 (CHAr); 190.9 (C (O)).
    Compound 14: N-methyl-N- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) imidazolium bromide, [MIMMIBK] Br, of formula
    [MIMMIBK] Br 3H NMR (400 MHz, CDCU) δ (ppm): 0.91 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz, CH 3); 2.15 (m, 1H, CH); 2.53 (d, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz, C (O) -CH 2); 4.02 (s, 3H, CH3-N); 5.67 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 7.47 (q, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, CHAr); 7.61 (q, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, CHAr); 9.78 (s, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, CH *). 13CNMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 22.6 (CH3); 24.2 (CH); 36.9 (CH3-Ar); 48.9 (C (O) -CH 2); 60.0 (N-CH2-C (O)); 122.7 (CHAr); 124.1 (CHAr); 137.9 (CHAr); 201.7 (C (O)).
    Compound 15: A / - (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) pyridinium bromide, [PyMIBKJBr, of formula
    [PyMIBK] Br * H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.91 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3); 2.19 (m, 1H, CH); 2.57 (d, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz, C (O) -CH 2); 6.51 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 8.04 (t, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz, CHAr); 8.49 (q, 1H, J = 7.0 Hz, CHAr); 9.31 (d, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz, CHAr). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCU) δ (ppm): 22.7 (CH3); 24.1 (CH); 49.0 (C (O) -CH 2); 66.6 (N-CH2-C (O)); 127.6 (CHAr); 145.5 (CHAr); 146.3 (CHAr); 200.3 (C (O)).
    Compound 16: A / -ethyl - / - / - pinacolone piperidinium iodide, [EPipPin] 1, of formula
    [EPipPin]!
    The operating protocol used to synthesize Compound 16 is as follows: to a solution of 20 mmol of 1-iodopinacolone in 20 ml of ethyl acetate are added 24 mmol of ethylpiperidine and the mixture is stirred at 50 ° C. for 12 hours. The heterogeneous mixture obtained is then filtered, the salts are washed twice with ethyl acetate and the solvent is then evaporated off under reduced pressure. The compound [EPipPin] 1, which is obtained with a yield of 80%, is in the form of a very hygroscopic white solid.
    Characterization data for this compound are as follows: 3H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.26 (s, 9H, CH3); 1.31 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, CA73-CH2-N); 1.74-1.98 (m, 6H, CH 2); 3.73-3.84 (m, 4H, CH2-N, CH3-CA72-N); 4.20 (m, 2H, CA72-N); 5.07 (s, 2H, N-QV2-C (O)). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 8.6 (CH3-CH2-N); 20.0; 20.5 (CH2); 26.6 (CH3); 45.0 (C (O) -C (CH 3) 3); 52.5 (CH3-CH2-N); 59.6 (CH2-N, N-CH2-C (O)); 208.1 (C (O)).
    Compound 17: Methylimidazolium / V-pinacolone chloride, [MIMPinjCl, of formula
    [ΐνιιινιη njui
    The operating procedure used to synthesize Compound 17 is as follows: to a solution of 20 mmol of 1-chloropinacolone in 20 ml of ethyl acetate are added 24 mmol of methylimidazole and the mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 12 minutes. h. The heterogeneous mixture obtained is then filtered, the salts are washed twice with ethyl acetate and the solvent is then evaporated off under reduced pressure. The compound [MIMPinjCl], which is obtained with a yield of 80%, is in the form of a very hygroscopic white solid.
    Characterization data for this compound are as follows: H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.20 (s, 9H, CH3); 3.96 (s, 3H, CH 3 -Ar); 5.84 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 7.49 (s, 1H, CHar); 7.62 (s, 1H, Cf / Ar); 10.07 (s, 1H, CA7Ar). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 26.2 (CH3); 36.6 (CH3-N); 43.4 ((CH3) 3-C-C (O)); 54.3 (C (O) -CH 2); 122.5 (CHAr); 124.2 (CHAr); 138.4 (CHAr); 206.8 (C (O)).
    1.1.2 According to track B
    The reactions implemented are the following:
    B. Synthesis of 5-bromopentan-2-one To a solution of 10 g (78 mmol) of acetylbutyrolactone in toluene are added 13.5 ml (117 mmol) of 48% hydrobromic acid. The mixture is heated at 80 ° C overnight. After cooling, the biphasic mixture is separated. The aqueous phase is extracted twice with diethyl ether. The organic phases are then combined, washed twice with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. After distillation under reduced pressure (100 ° C. under 20 mbar), 5-bromopentan-2-one (12.7 g, ie a yield of 80%) is obtained which is in the form of a colorless oil.
    The characterization data for this compound are as follows: H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ (ppm): 2.11 (m, 2H, (C) CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -Br); 2.16 (s, 3H, CH3- (O) C); 2.63 (t, J = 7.0Hz, 2H, (0) C-Clf2-CH2-CH2-Br); 3.44 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H, (0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -Br). B.2 Synthesis of 5- (piperidinyl) pentan-2-one To a solution of 2.4 mL (23.7 mmol) of piperidine in 30 mL of dry acetonitrile, are added successively and under an inert atmosphere. , 0 g (43 mmol) of potassium carbonate and then a solution formed by 3.56 g (21.6 mmol) of 5-bromopentan-2-one synthesized in paragraph B1 in 10 mL of dry acetonitrile. The mixture is then heated at 80 ° C for 2 hours. After cooling, the mixture is filtered and the salts are washed with acetonitrile. The mixture is then concentrated under vacuum. 5- (Piperidinyl) pentan-2-one (3.53 g, 97% yield) thus obtained is in the form of a slightly yellow oil.
    Characterization data for this compound are as follows: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.39 (m, 2H, CAV2-CH2-CH2-N); 1.53 (m, 4H, CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 1.74 (m, 2H, (0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 2.13 (s, 3H, CH 3 - (O) C); 2.24 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H, (0) C-CAV 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 2.32 (bs, 4H, CH2-CH2-CAV2-N); 2.41 (t, J = 7.0Hz, 2H, (0) C-CH2-CH2-CAV2-N). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 21.3 ((0) C-CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 24.5 (CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 26.0 (CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 30.1 (C (O) -CH3); 41.8 ((0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 54.6 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 58.6 ((0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 209.0 (C (O)). B.3 Synthesis of 1-ethyl-4-oxopentyl-piperidinium bromide [EPipP4K1Br] To a solution of 3.53 g (20.1 mmol) of 5- (piperidinyl) pentan-2-one synthesized in paragraph B.2 in 10 ml of acetonitrile are added, under an inert atmosphere, 3.3 ml (40 mmol) of bromoethane. The mixture is then heated at 80 ° C for 12 hours. After cooling, the mixture is concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid is dissolved in the minimum of dichloromethane and re-precipitated by addition of ethyl acetate. The solid is then washed twice with ethyl acetate and then dried under vacuum. The compound [EPipP4K] Br, denoted 18, thus obtained is in the form of a slightly yellow solid (5.28 g, ie a yield of 95%).
    Characterization data for this compound are as follows: NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.35 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, CA73-CH2-N); 1.74 (m, 2H, CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 1.79-1.97 (m, 6H, CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N; (0) C-CH 2 -CA72-CH 2 -N); 2.12 (s, 3H, OV3- (O) C); 2.72 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H, (O) C-Ctf 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 3.47-3.63 (m, 8H, CH2-CH2-CA72-N, (0) C-CH2-CH2-CAV2-N, CH3-CAY2-N). 13CNMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.5 (CH3-CH2-N); 16.0; 19.8 (CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N; (O) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 20.8 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 30.1 (C (O) -CH3); 39.1 ((0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 54.2; 56.3 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 58.7 (CH3-CH2-N); 207.3 (C (O)). 1.2 Synthesis of ionic liquids (U compounds)
    The ionic liquids comprising a ketone function used in the context of the present invention are obtained from the intermediate compounds as synthesized in chapter 1.1 above, by exchange of the halide anion (Br, 1 'or Cl'). by the anion b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, NTf2 ~.
    The corresponding reaction depends on route A or B used to obtain Compounds I.
    1.2.1 Compounds 11 to 17 obtained according to route A The exchange of the halide anion with the anion NTf2 is carried out according to the following reaction (bis):
    (Bis)
    The procedure followed for the synthesis of Compounds U is described with reference to the synthesis of / V-ethyl- / V- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) piperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, [EPipMIBK] NTf2 , denoted LU, from [EPipMIBK] Br (Compound 11) synthesized in chapter A.2 above. To a solution of 20.0 g (68 mmol) of [EPipMIBK] Br in 20 mL of distilled water is added a solution of 20.0 g (69 mmol) of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide in 20 mL of water. distilled. The mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The biphasic mixture is then separated. The organic phase is washed with water until the silver nitrate test is negative and then the ionic liquid is dried under vacuum at 80 ° C for 3 h. The compound [EPipMIBK] NTf2 obtained, denoted LU, is in the form of a yellow viscous oil (32.1 g, ie a yield of 95%).
    Compounds LI2 to LI7 were synthesized from compounds 12 to 17 respectively, according to the operating procedure just described.
    Table 3 below gathers the data relating to the ionic liquids LU to LI7 thus synthesized.
    Table 3
    The semi-developed formulas and characterization data of these compounds LU to LI7 are as follows:
    LU compound: b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of N-ethyl-N- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) -piperidinium, [EPipMIBK] NTf2, of formula
    [EPipMIBK] NTf2 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.90 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3); 1.23 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH 3 -CH 2 -N); 1.70 (m, 2H, CH 2); 1.87 (m, 4H, CH 2); 2.12 (m, 1H, CH); 2.39 (d, 2H, J = 7.0
    Hz, C (O) -CH 2); 3.44 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 3.62 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 3.72 (q, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH3-CA72-N); 4.22 (s, 2H, N-CF / 2-C (O)). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.4 (CH3-CH2-N); 19.5; 20.6 (CH2); 22.1 (CH3); 24.2 (CH); 49.5 (C (O) -CH 2); 55.0 (CH3-CH2-N); 60.0 (CH2-N); 61.8 (N-CH2-C (O)); 115.1-118.2-121.4-124.6 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF3); 201.6 (C (O)).
    Compound U2: b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of / V-ethyl- / V-acetophenone piperidinium, [EPipAcP] NTf2, of formula
    [EPipAcP] NTf2 3H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.28 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, QV3-CH2-N); 1.76 (m, 2H, CH 2); 1.94 (m, 4H, CH 2); 3.60 (m, 2H, CH2-CA72-N); 3.85 (m, 4H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH3-CA72-N, CH2-CA72-N); 4.85 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 7.52 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr); 7.67 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr); 8.00 (d, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.7 (CH3); 19.8; 20.8 (CH 2); 55.2 (CH3-CH2-N); 59.6 (CH2-N); 60.7 (N-CH2-C (O)); 115.1 - 118.2 - 121.4 - 124.6 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF3); 128.3; 129.4 (CHAr); 133.7 (CAr); 135.5 (CHAr); 190.3 (C (O)).
    Compound U3: fv / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of N-ethyl-N-4'-methylacetophenone piperidinium, [EPipMAcP] NTf2, of formula
    [EPipMAcP] NTf2 3H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.28 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, CAV3-CH2-N); 1.76 (m, 2H, CH 2); 1.94 (m, 4H, CH 2); 3.60 (m, 2H, CH2-CA72-N); 3.85 (m, 4H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH3-CAV2-N, CH2-Ctf2-N); 4.85 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 7.52 (t, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr); 7.67 (t, 1H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr); 8.00 (d, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CHAr). 13CNMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.7 (CH3); 19.9; 20.8 (CH 2); 21.8 (CH3-Ar); 22.0 (CH3-CH2-N); 51.2 (CH3-CH2-N); 59.5 (CH2-N); 60.8 (N-CH2-C (O)); 115.1 - 118.2 - 121.4 - 124.6 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF 3); 128.5; 130.1 (CHAr); 131.2 (CAr); 147.1 (CAr); 189.7 (C (O)).
    Compound LI4: 6 / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of N-methyl-N- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) imidazolium, [MIMMIBK] NTf2, of formula
    [MIMMIBK] NTf2 NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.96 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3); 2.17 (m, 1H, CH); 2.51 (d, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz, C (O) -CH 2); 3.96 (s, 3H, CH3-N); 5.2 (s, 2H, N-CW 2 -C (O)); 7.46 (t, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, CHAr); 7.57 (t, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, CHAr); 8.77 (s, 1H, J = 2.0 Hz, CHAr). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ (ppm): 22.8 (CH3); 25.3 (CH); 36.6 (CH3-Ar); 49.1 (C (O) -CH 2); 58.4 (N-CH2-C (O)); 116.4 - 119.6 - 122.8 - 126.0 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF 3): 124.4 (CHAr); 125.0 (CHAr); 139.0 (CHAr); 202.3 (C (O)).
    Compound U5: b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of N- (4-methyl-2-oxopenty) pyridinium, [PyMIBK] NTf2, of formula
    [PyMIBK] NTf2 3H NMR (400 MHz, CDCU) δ (ppm): 1.00 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz, CH 3); 2.20 (m, 1H, CH); 2.61 (d, 2H, J = 7.0 Hz, C (O) -CH 2); 5.67 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 8.14 (m, 2H, CHAr); 8.66 (tt, 1H, J = 8.0 Hz, J = 1.5 Hz, CHAr); 8.74 (m, 2H, CHAr). 3CNMR (100 MHz, CD3OD) δ (ppm): 22.9 (CH3); 25.3 (CH); 49.1 (C (O) -CH 2); 69.6 (N-CH2-C (O)); 116.4 - 119.6 - 122.8 - 126.0 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF 3); 129.2 (CHAr); 147.3 (CHAr); 147.6 (CHAr); 201.4 (C (O)).
    Compound LI6: 6 / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of / V-ethyl- / V-pinacolone piperidinium, [EPipPin] NTf2, of formula
    [EPipPin] NTf2 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.23 (s, 9H, CH3); 1.26 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz, CAV3-CH2-N); 1.75 (m, 2H, CH 2); 1.88 (m, 4H, CH 2); 3.54 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 3.68 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 3.74 (q, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, CH 3 -C / - / 2-N); 4.40 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.6 (CH3-CH2-N); 19.8; 20.8 (CH 2); 26.1 (CH3); 45.1 (C (O) -C- (CH3) 3); 53.6 (CH3-CH2-N); 59.5 (N-CH2-C (O)); 60.1 (CH2-N); 115.1 -118.2 -121.5 -124.7 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF3); 207.6 (C (O)).
    Compound LI7: b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of / V-pinacolone methylimidazolium, [MIMPin] NTf2, of formula
    1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.25 (s, 9H, CH3); 3.94 (s, 3H, CA73-Ar); 5.31 (s, 2H, N-CH 2 -C (O)); 7.28 (3.2H, CA7Ar); 8.69 (s, 1H, CHAr). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 26.0 (CH3); 36.5 (CH3-N); 43.6 ((CH3) 3-C-C (O)); 53.9 (C (O) -CH 2 -N); 115.1 -118.2 -121.4 -124.6 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF3); 122.8 (CHAr); 124.1 (CHAr); 137.7 (CHAr); 206.0 (C (O)).
    1.2.2 Compound 18 obtained according to route B The exchange of the halide anion of Compound 18 synthesized in chapter B.3 above by the NTf2 ~ anion is carried out according to the following reaction (2 "bis):
    (2 "bis)
    The synthesis protocol followed for the synthesis of Compound LI8 is as follows: to a solution of 5.28 g (19.5 mmol) of [EPipP4K] Br in 10 ml of deionized water is added a solution of 5.5 g (20 mmol) of lithium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide in 10 ml of distilled water. The mixture is then stirred for 3 h. The aqueous phase is then removed. The product is then washed with water (3 times with 15 ml) and then dissolved in dichloromethane. The mixture is then dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The 1-ethyl-4-oxopentyl-piperidinium b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, or [EPipP4K] NTF2, denoted LI8, thus obtained is in the form of a yellow oil (7.6 g, ie a yield of 83%).
    The characterization data for this Compound LI8 are the following: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3) δ (ppm): 1.34 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, CH 3 -CH 2 -N); 1.71 (m, 2H, CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 1.80-1.96 (m, 6H, CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N; (0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 2.15 (s, 3H, CH 3 - (O) C); 2.64 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H, (0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 CH 2 -N); 3.21 (m, 2H, (0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 3.25-3.37 (m, 6H, CH2-CH2-CAV2-N, CH3-CAV2-N). 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.0 (CH3-CH2-N); 15.4; 19.5 (CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N; (O) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 20.9 (CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 29.8 (C (O) -CH 3); 38.6 ((0) C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 54.7; 56.3 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 59.2 (CH3-CH2-N); 115.1 - 118.3 - 121.5 - 124.7 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF3); 207.3 (C (O)).
    Example 2 Synthesis of an LI9 Ionic Liquid Comprising an Alcohol Function
    This ionic liquid LI9 can be synthesized according to the following reaction (3a):
    (3a)
    The corresponding operating procedure is as follows: to a solution of 5 g (36 mmol) of choline chloride in 20 ml of water is added a solution of 10.3 g (36 mmol) of b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide of lithium in 20 mL of water. The mixture is stirred for 3 h at room temperature and then the phases are separated. The ionic liquid is washed twice with 30 ml of water and then dried under vacuum.
    The characterization data of this Compound LI9 are as follows: 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): d 5.27 (t, 1H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.39 ( m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 9H).
    Example 3 Synthesis of an LI10 Ion Liquid Comprising a Phosphonate Function
    As described above, the ionic liquids comprising a phosphonate function can be synthesized according to the following reaction (6):
    (6)
    The LI10 ionic liquid is synthesized from ethylpiperidine, according to the following operating procedure: 3.1 Synthesis of (4-bromobutyl) -ethylpiperidinium bromide [EPipBPhosIBr To a solution of 9mL (66 mmol) of ethylpiperidine in 50 ml of ethyl acetate is added 15 mL (122 mmol) of dibromobutane. The mixture is then stirred at 50 ° C overnight. After cooling, the solid is filtered, washed with diethyl ether (twice with 30 ml) and dried under vacuum. (4-Bromobutyl) ethylpiperidinium bromide (14.8 g, 68% yield) is obtained in the form of a white solid.
    The characterization data for this compound are as follows: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 1.36 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H, CA73-CH2-N); 1.77-1.85 (m, 2H, CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 1.90-2.05 (m, 4H, CH 2 -C / V 2 -CH 2 -N); 2.31-2.41 (m, 2H, CH2-CA72-CH2-Br); 3.62 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H, CH 2 -Br); 3.67-3.77 (m, 8H, CH 2 -N). 13CNMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.3 (CH3-CH2-N); 20.0 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 20.8 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 25.0 (N-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br); 29.6 (N-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br); 54.6 (CH3-CH2-N); 56.2 (N-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br); 59.2 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N). 3.2 Synthesis of (4-bromobutyl) ethylpiperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide To a solution of 12.3 g (37 mmol) of (4-bromobutyl) ethylpiperidinium bromide in 30 ml of water is added a solution of 10.8 g (38 mmol) of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide in 10 ml of water. The mixture is stirred for 3 h at room temperature and then the phases are separated. The ionic liquid is washed 3 times with 30 ml of water and then dried under vacuum. The (4-bromobutyl) ethylpiperidinium b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (16.32 g, 83% yield) obtained is in the form of a colorless viscous oil.
    Characterization data for this compound are as follows: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2) δ (ppm): 1.36 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H, CH3); 1.73-1.79 (m, 2H, CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 1.89-1.96 (bs, 4H, CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 2.22-2.31 (m, 2H, CH2-CAV2-CH2-Br); 3.30-3.34 (m, 8H, CH 2 -N); 3.55 (t, J = 6.0Hz, 2H, CH2-Br) 13 CNMR (100MHz, CD2Cl2) δ (ppm): 6.9 (CH3-CH2-N); 19.5 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 20.8 {CH2-CH2-CH2-N); 24.4 (N-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br); 28.7 (N-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -Br); 54.6 (CH3-CH2-N); 56.6 (N-CH2-CH2-CH2-Br); 59.2 (CH2-CH2-CH2-N;); 115.1 -118.2 -121.4 -124.6 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF3) 3.3 Synthesis of (4- (dibutoxypphosphor) butyl) -ethylpiperidinium -b (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide [EPipBPhos1NTf2, or compound U10 of formula
    A mixture of 16.32 g (31 mmol) of (4-bromobutyl) ethylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide and 25 mL (92 mmol) of tributyl phosphite is stirred at 160 ° C for 1 hour. After cooling, the mixture is washed twice with ether and the compound is dried under vacuum. The (4- (dibutoxyphosphory) butyl) -ethylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide obtained, noted LI10, is in the form of a colorless oil (16.9 g, ie a yield of 85%). .
    The characterization data for this Compound LI10 are as follows: NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 0.93 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 6H, QV3- (CH2) 3-O); 1.32 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H, CH 2 -CH 2 -N); 1.36-1.43 (m, 4h, CH3-CAV2- (CH2) 2-O); 1.60-1.88 (m, 16H, CH 2 -P, CH 2); 3.24 (m, 2H, CH 2 -N); 3.31-3.40 (m, 6H, CA72-N); 4.0 (m, 4H, O-CA72- (CH2) 3-CH3) 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.2 (CH3); 13.6 (CH3- (CH2) 3-0); 18.8 (CH3-CH2- (CH2) 2-O); 19.7 (CH2-CH2-N); 20.0; 20.9; 21.6; 21.7 (CA72-CH2-N); 23.5-25.0 (d, J = 140.0 Hz, CH 2 -P); 32.5; 32.6 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-O); 54.0; 57.9; 59.2 (CH2-N); 65.6 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, CH 2 -O); 115.2 -118.3 -121.5 -124.7 (q, J = 321 Hz, CF3) 31P NMR (160 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 30.3
    EXTRACTANT PROPERTIES OF IONIC LIQUIDS
    EVALUATION PROCEDURES FOR EXTRACTOR PROPERTIES
    The extracting properties of ionic liquids were evaluated by measuring the distribution coefficients of the species in solution by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optic Emission Spectrometry or ICP-OES). The extraction efficiency, or the extraction efficiency, is evaluated by determining the percentage of extraction, or of extraction, from the distribution coefficient, as explained below. * The coefficient of distribution of a metal element M, denoted Dm, between the phase constituted by the ionic liquid (denoted "A2") and the aqueous phase (denoted "Al") is determined by the following equation:
    with [M] a2 = concentration of the metal element M in the ionic liquid after extraction (in mg / l), and [M] ai = concentration of the metal element M in the aqueous phase after extraction (in mg / l ). * The extraction percentage, denoted by E (%), is determined by the following equation:
    with [M] a2 = concentration of the metal element M in the ionic liquid after extraction (in mg / l) [MjAiinitiai = concentration of the metal element M in the aqueous phase before extraction (in mg / l)
    Dm = distribution coefficient of the metal element M,
    Vai = volume of the aqueous phase, and
    Va2 = volume of the ionic liquid. * The percentage of desextraction, noted Deses (%), is determined by the following equation:
    with [M] a3 = concentration of the metal element M in the aqueous phase after desextraction (in mg / l), and [M] a2 = concentration of the metal element M in the ionic liquid after extraction and before extraction (in mg / L). The selectivity of the extraction of the metal M1 with respect to the metal M2, denoted S, is determined by the following equation:
    with Dmi = distribution coefficient of the metal element M1, and Dm2 = distribution coefficient of the metal element M2.
    OPERATIVE PROTOCOLS
    The aqueous acidic phases Al were prepared by diluting, in sulfuric acid, Ta to oxidation state V and in the form of NhUTaFe containing 1% hydrofluoric acid in deionized water, coming from the company SCP Science.
    The compositions of the aqueous acidic phases Al, before contact, are the following, it being specified that the unit "M" used below and below corresponds to the abbreviation of the unit of the International System "mol / L": . [Ta]: from 1 g / L to 10 g / L,. [H 2 SO 4]: from 0 M to 9 M, with the possible addition of niobium Nb and europium Eu, in order to approach the conditions encountered with an acidic aqueous phase constituted by acid etching solution of a concentrate of an ore in which Nb is present with Ta, with the possible addition of niobium Nb, iron Fe, manganese Mn, nickel Ni and silver Ag, in order to approach the conditions encountered with an acidic aqueous phase constituted by an acid etching solution of a a phosphate ore concentrate that contains mainly Ta, Nb, Fe and Mn, or an urban ore from D3E capacitors that mainly contain Ta, Mn, Ni and Ag.
    The aqueous phase A3 used for the desextractions is constituted by water.
    The extractions are carried out by bringing the aqueous acid phase Al into contact with the ionic liquid A2 in a volume ratio between the acidic aqueous phase and the ionic liquid Vai / Va2 ranging from 1 to 16.
    The aqueous acid phase Al and the ionic liquid A2 are brought into contact for 1 h and at a temperature between 20 ° C and 25 ° C and then centrifuged for 5 min at 4000 rpm at 20 ° C and separated.
    Deextractions are carried out under the same conditions of time of contacting, temperature and centrifugation, with the exception of the volume ratio between the aqueous phase A3 and the ionic liquid Va3 / Va2 which is 1 or 2.
    The determination of the metallic elements present in the aqueous phases is carried out by ICP-OES analysis.
    EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
    EXAMPLE 4 Extraction With Ionic Liquids Comprising a Ketone Function 4.1 To determine the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of the aqueous phase Al on the extraction performance, a first series of extractions was carried out by placing in contact with each other. volume to volume of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 1 g / L in varying concentrations of sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 0 M to 9 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid LU: [EPipMIBK] NTf2
    The calculated values of the tantalum distribution coefficients Dia and the extraction percentages E (%) and desextraction Dex (%) are reported in Table 4.1.
    Table 4.1
    Referring also to Figure 1, which illustrates the evolution of the distribution coefficient Dia as a function of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid in the aqueous phase Al, it is observed that the extraction of Ta, which begins only from a concentration of 3 M sulfuric acid (91.1%), is more particularly effective at concentrations of 6 M and 9 M sulfuric acid, for which 97.5% to 97.7% of Ta are respectively extracted. In addition, at these last two concentrations, it is observed that Ta could be completely extracted from the ionic liquid LU after two washes with water. 4.2 To determine the influence of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid of the aqueous phase Al on the selectivity of the extraction, a second series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = [Nb] = 1 g / L, [Eu] = 1.5 g / L in varying concentrations of sulfuric acid ([H2SO4] = 3 M to 9 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid LU: [EPipMIBK] NTf2
    The extraction percentages Em (%) of each of the metals Ta, Nb and Eu initially present in the aqueous phase Al are illustrated in FIG. 2. From this FIG. 2, it is observed that Ta is extracted at a level of 91%. and up to 98% depending on the molar concentration of sulfuric acid in the aqueous phase Al. Nb and Eu are, for their part, practically not extracted from the aqueous phase Al.
    The extraction percentages E (%) and desextraction Desex (%) of the tantalum as well as the calculated values of the selectivities of Ta with respect to Nb and Eu, respectively denoted Sia / Nb and Sia / Eu, are reported. in Table 4.2 below:
    Table 4.2
    The results of Table 4.2 show that the LU ionic liquid is a very selective extractant of tantalum, irrespective of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid in the aqueous phase Al and that the tantalum can be totally desextracted. 4.3 To determine the influence of the nitrogen portion of the cation of the ionic liquid of the phase A2 on the extraction performances, a third series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 7 g / L, in sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 6 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LU, LI4 and LI5
    The calculated values of the tantalum distribution coefficients Dt3 as well as the extraction percentages E (%) and desextraction Desex (%) are reported in Table 4.3 below:
    Table 4.3
    It is observed that the extraction is particularly effective regardless of the ionic liquid selected from LU, U4 and LI5, the extraction percentages ranging between 95.4% and 97.7%. 4.4 To determine the influence of the ketone part of the cation of the ionic liquid of the phase A2 on the extraction performances, a fourth series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 1 g / L or [Ta] = 7 g / L, in sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 6 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LU, LI2, LI3, LI5, LI6 or LI7
    The calculated values of the tantalum distribution coefficients Dia, as well as the extraction percentages E (%) and desextraction Desex (%), for each mass concentration in Ta, are reported in Table 4.4 below:
    Table 4.4
    As can be seen from Table 4.4, when the ketone function of the ionic liquid comprises an aliphatic chain (here, isobutyl or tert-butyl), very good extraction results are obtained, the extraction percentages ranging between 95.2% and 97.7% (ionic liquids LU, LI6, LI7 and LI8). The ionic liquid LU, which has a methylisobutylketone group (MIBK), remains slightly more efficient than the LI6 ionic liquid having a tertbutyl group.
    When the ketone function of the ionic liquid comprises an aromatic group (LI2 and LI3), the performance of the extraction drops, due to the high viscosity of the corresponding ionic liquids, viscosity which hinders the extraction and the extraction .
    Table 4.4 also shows that extraction decreases significantly as Ta concentration increases.
    The ionic liquid LU [EPipMIBK] NTf2is the most efficient extractant. 4.5 To evaluate the ability of the ionic liquid LU [EPipMIBK] NTf2 to be reusable, recycling tests were carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the initial phases A1 and A2 as follows:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 7 g / L, in sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 6 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LU
    After a first extraction / desextraction cycle (cycle 1), the ionic liquid LU, as obtained after the desextraction, is used for a second extraction / desextraction cycle (cycle 2) followed by third (cycle 3). The results of these recycling tests are reported in Table 4.5 below:
    Table 4.5
    Table 4.5 shows that the LU ionic liquid was recycled 3 times without loss of efficiency. 4.6 In order to determine the Ta extraction performance of an aqueous phase Al comprising several metallic elements, a fourth series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = [Nb] = [Fe] = [Ni] = [Mn] = [Ag] = 2 g / L, in varying concentrations of sulfuric acid ([H2SO4] = 0, 1 M to 9 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LU
    Referring to FIG. 3 on which the values of the distribution coefficients Dm of the different metals M (Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag) are plotted as a function of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid, it is observed that the liquid ionic LU [EPipMIBK] NTf2 remains very efficient, even in the presence of other competing elements. Indeed, the distribution coefficients Dia are similar to those obtained with an aqueous phase A1 comprising Ta alone (see Figure 1).
    Referring to Figure 4 on which are reported the selectivity values Ta / M of Ta vis-à-vis each of the other metals Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag also present in the aqueous phase Al depending on the concentration molar sulfuric acid, it is observed that the ionic liquid LU [EPipMIBK] NTf2 remains very selective Ta, with values for Sïa / M ranging from 30 to 1400 depending on the molar concentration of sulfuric acid and the metals considered.
    Referring to FIG. 5 on which the values of the distribution coefficients of the different metals M (Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag) are plotted as a function of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid, after conducted recycling tests. according to the same operating procedure as that described in paragraph 4.5 above, it is observed that the ionic liquid LU [EPipMIBK] NTf2, recycled 3 times, remains particularly efficient. Indeed, the distribution coefficients Dia are comparable to those obtained with an aqueous phase A1 comprising Ta alone (see Figure 1) or comprising, in addition, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag (see Figure 3).
    With reference to FIG. 6, on which the Si / M selectivity values of Ta are reported with respect to each of the other metals Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag, after these same recycling tests, it is observed that the LU [EPipMIBK] NTf2 ionic liquid, recycled 3 times, remains very selective for Ta, with values for Sia / M ranging from 40 to 1000 depending on the molar concentration of sulfuric acid and the metals considered.
    EXAMPLE 5 Extraction by Nonfunctionalized Ionic Liquids 5.1 A first series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 7 g / L, in sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 6 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LUI or LI12, as specified in Table 5 below
    The calculated values of the tantalum distribution coefficients Dia and the extraction percentages E (%) and desextraction Dextraction (%), after a first and then a second extraction / desextraction cycle, are shown in Table 5 below. below:
    Table 5
    These non-functional ionic liquids LUI and LI12 are as efficient as their counterparts functionalized with a ketone group (see in particular LI8, but also LU, LI6 or LI4, LI7), with a slight decrease in the Ta extraction performance.
    The trend of better Ta extraction with the piperidine nucleus (LUI) is again noted. 5.2 In order to determine the Ta extraction performance of an aqueous phase A1 comprising several metallic elements, a second series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = [Nb] = [Fe] = [Ni] = [Mn] = [Ag] = 2 g / L, in varying concentrations of sulfuric acid ([H2SO4] = 0, 1 M to 9 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: IT
    With reference to FIG. 7, on which the values of the distribution coefficients of the various metals M (Ta, Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag) are plotted as a function of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid, it is observed that the ionic liquid [EBPip] NTf2 remains very powerful, even in the presence of other elements. Indeed, the distribution coefficients Dia are similar to those obtained with an aqueous phase Al comprising only Ta (see Table 5).
    With reference to FIG. 8, on which are reported the selectivity values Ta / M of the Ta with respect to each of the other metals Nb, Fe, Ni, Mn and Ag also present in the aqueous phase Al as a function of the concentration. molar in sulfuric acid, it is observed that the ionic liquid LUI [EBPip] NTf2 remains very selective of Ta, with values for Sia / M ranging from 40 to 4000 depending on the molar concentration of sulfuric acid and the metals considered.
    This selectivity of Ta extraction vis-à-vis other metals using the ionic liquid LUI is observed regardless of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid, as already observed with the ionic liquid LU ([EPipMIBK] NTf2). 5.3 To evaluate the ability of the ionic liquid LUI [EBPip] NTf2 to be reusable, recycling tests were carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the initial phases A1 and A2 as follows:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = [Nb] = [Fe] = [Ni] = [Mn] = [Ag] = 2 g / L, in varying concentrations of sulfuric acid ([H2SC> 4] = 0 , 1 M to 9 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: IT
    After a first extraction / desextraction cycle (cycle 1), the ionic liquid LUI as obtained after the desextraction is used for a second extraction / desextraction cycle (cycle 2) followed by third (cycle 3).
    The results of these recycling tests are illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 attached.
    EXAMPLE 6 Extraction with an Ionic Liquid Comprising a Phosphonate Function 6.1 A first series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 7 g / L, in sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 6 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LI10, [EPipBPhos] NTf2
    The calculated values of the tantalum distribution coefficients Dia and the extraction percentages E (%) and desextraction Desex (%), after a first extraction / desextraction cycle (cycle 1) and then a second cycle (cycle 2), are shown in Table 6.1 below:
    Table 6.1
    The values appearing in this table 6.1 demonstrate the particularly efficient properties of this ionic liquid LI10 comprising a phosphonate function, since almost all the Ta can be extracted from the aqueous phase Al, the extraction percentages being 99 , 4% and 99.6%. The percentages of desextraction are also high (72% and 89%). 6.2 A second series of extractions was carried out by contacting the following phases A1 and A2, in variable volume ratios between phase A1 and phase A2, as indicated in table 6.2 below:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 7 g / L, in sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 6 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LI10, [EPipBPhos] NTf2
    The calculated values of the tantalum distribution coefficients Dia and the extraction percentages E (%) are reported in Table 6.2 below:
    Table 6.2
    The results in Table 6.2 show that this ionic liquid LI10 has excellent ability to extract tantalum. Thus, even in the case where the volume of aqueous phase Al is sixteen times greater than that of phase A2, LI10 makes it possible to extract up to 82.8% of Ta, the aqueous phase Al initially comprising 7 g / l of Your. 6.3 To determine the extraction performance of Ta from an aqueous phase Al comprising several metallic elements, a third series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases Al and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = [Nb] = [Fe] = [Ni] = [Mn] = [Ag] = 2 g / L, in varying concentrations of sulfuric acid ([H2SO4] = 0, 1 M to 9 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LI10, [EPipBPhos] NTf2
    With reference to FIG. 11, it is observed that the LI10 [EPipBPhos] NTf2 ionic liquid makes it possible to obtain a particularly efficient Ta extraction from the aqueous phase A1 comprising other elements.
    With reference to FIG. 12, it is observed that the LI10 [EPipBPhos] NTf2 ionic liquid makes it possible to extract the Ta very selectively. Indeed, the values of Sia / M are all greater than 100, regardless of the molar concentration of sulfuric acid, except for Nb, for which the selectivity Sia / Nb falls from a molar concentration of 6 M sulfuric acid 6.4 To evaluate the ability of the ionic liquid LI10 [EPipBPhos] NTf2 to be reusable, recycling tests were carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the initial phases A1 and A2 as follows:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = [Nb] = [Fe] = [Ni] = [Mn] = [Ag] = 2 g / L, in varying concentrations of sulfuric acid ([H2SO4] = 0.1 M to 9 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquid: LI10, [EPipBPhos] NTf2
    After a first extraction / desextraction cycle (cycle 1), the ionic liquid LI10 as obtained after the desextraction is implemented for a second extraction / desextraction cycle (cycle 2) followed by third (cycle 3).
    The results of these recycling tests are illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 attached.
    EXAMPLE 7 Extraction by a Mixture of Two Ionic Liquids
    A series of extractions was carried out by volume-to-volume contacting of the following phases A1 and A2:
    Al aqueous phase: [Ta] = 7 g / L, in sulfuric acid ([H 2 SO 4] = 6 M)
    Phase A2: Ionic liquids: LU + LUI, [EPipMIBK] NTf2 + [EBPip] NTf2, in variable proportions specified in Table 7 below The calculated values of the tantalum distribution coefficients Dia and the extraction percentages E (%) and Desex extraction (%) are reported in Table 7 below:
    Table 7 From the results of Table 7, it is observed that whatever the ratio of [EPipMIBK] NTf2 in [EBPip] NTf2, the extraction percentages are substantially the same.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A method for extracting tantalum from an aqueous phase Al acid comprising at least one step comprising contacting the aqueous phase Al with a phase immiscible with water, then separating the aqueous phase Al from the A2 phase, characterized in that the A2 phase is constituted by an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Extraction process according to claim 1, wherein the phase A2 is constituted by an ionic liquid.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    The extraction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionic liquids comprise an organic cation and an anion, said organic cation comprising a nitrogen group selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium, cyclic or non-cyclic, a phosphonium, piperidinium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperazinium and imidazolium.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Extraction process according to claim 3, wherein the organic cation is selected from the group consisting of piperidinium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperazinium and imidazolium.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Extraction process according to claim 4, wherein the organic cation is selected from the group consisting of dialkylpiperidinium, alkylpyridinium, Λ, Λ / '- dialkylpiperazinium and Λ /, Λ /' - dialkylimidazolium.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Extraction process according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the organic cation further comprises at least one functional group selected from a ketone, an alcohol, a phosphonate and a phosphine oxide.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Extraction process according to claim 6, wherein the functional group is a phosphonate.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Extraction process according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the anion is selected from b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, hexafluorophosphate and bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and is, advantageously, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Extraction process according to claim 8, in which the ionic liquid is chosen from: - β- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) piperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, β- (4-methyl-2-oxopentyl) imidazolium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide; β- (4-methyl-2β) b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide; oxopentyl) pyridinium, (4- (dibutoxyphosphoryl) butyl) ethylpiperidinium b- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, ethylbutylpiperidinium b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) ) imide of methylimidazolium.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Extraction process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is carried out at ambient temperature.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. A method for recovering tantalum present in an aqueous phase Al acid, characterized in that it comprises: (a) extracting tantalum from the aqueous phase Al by an extraction process according to any one of claims 1 at 10; and (b) the desextraction of said tantalum present in the phase A2 as obtained at the end of step (a).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. The recovery method according to claim 11, wherein the step (b) of de-extraction comprises bringing this phase A2 into contact with an aqueous phase A3 whose pH is less than or equal to 7, and then separating the phase A2 of the aqueous phase A3.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Extraction process according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or recovery process according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the aqueous phase Al is an acid etching solution of a concentrate of an ore. natural or urban comprising said tantalum.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    The extraction or recovery process according to claim 13, wherein the aqueous phase A1 comprises at least one inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acid phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Extraction or recovery process according to claim 14, wherein the aqueous phase A1 has a total molar concentration of inorganic acid (s) of at least 0.1 mol / L, advantageously of 1 mol / L to 14 mol / L and preferably 3 mol / L to 9 mol / L.
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. Use of an ionic liquid or a mixture of ionic liquids as an extractant for extracting tantalum from an aqueous phase Al acid, said ionic liquid or liquids comprising an organic cation and an anion, said organic cation comprising a nitrogen group selected from the group consisting of piperidinium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperazinium and imidazolium.
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    17. Use according to claim 16, wherein the organic cation is selected from the group consisting of dialkylpiperidinium, alkylpyridinium, Λ, ΛΛ'-dialkylpiperazinium and γ, V-dialkylimidazolium.
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    The use of claim 16, wherein the organic cation further comprises at least one functional group selected from a ketone, an alcohol, a phosphonate and a phosphine oxide.
    [19" id="c-fr-0019]
    19. Use according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the anion is b / s- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide.
    [20" id="c-fr-0020]
    20. Use according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the extraction is carried out by the liquid-liquid extraction technique.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3334846A1|2018-06-20|
    BR112018002760A2|2018-12-18|
    CA2994636A1|2017-02-16|
    KR20180055810A|2018-05-25|
    US10844459B2|2020-11-24|
    FR3040060B1|2017-08-11|
    AU2016305269A1|2018-02-22|
    AU2016305269B2|2021-08-05|
    EP3334846B1|2020-10-14|
    US20180230572A1|2018-08-16|
    ES2843531T3|2021-07-19|
    JP2018525534A|2018-09-06|
    JP6909788B2|2021-07-28|
    WO2017025547A1|2017-02-16|
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    优先权:
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    FR1557636A|FR3040060B1|2015-08-10|2015-08-10|METHODS OF EXTRACTING AND RECOVERING THE TANTALE PRESENT IN AN ACOUSTIC AQUEOUS PHASE USING AN IONIC LIQUID, AND USE OF SUCH A LIQUID IONIC TO EXTRACT THE TANTAL FROM AN ACOUSIC AQUEOUS PHASE|FR1557636A| FR3040060B1|2015-08-10|2015-08-10|METHODS OF EXTRACTING AND RECOVERING THE TANTALE PRESENT IN AN ACOUSTIC AQUEOUS PHASE USING AN IONIC LIQUID, AND USE OF SUCH A LIQUID IONIC TO EXTRACT THE TANTAL FROM AN ACOUSIC AQUEOUS PHASE|
    JP2018527007A| JP6909788B2|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|The process for extracting and recovering tantalum present in the acidic aqueous phase with an ionic liquid, and the use of such ionic liquids for extracting tantalum from the acidic aqueous phase.|
    US15/751,307| US10844459B2|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|Process for extracting and recovering tantalum present in an acid aqueous phase by means of an ionic liquid, and use of such an ionic liquid for extracting the tantalum from an acid aqueous phase|
    EP16750818.3A| EP3334846B1|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|Processes for extracting and recovering tantalum present in an acid aqueous phase by means of an ionic liquid, and use of such an ionic liquid for extracting the tantalum from an acid aqueous phase|
    ES16750818T| ES2843531T3|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|Procedures for the extraction and recovery of tantalum present in an acidic aqueous phase by means of an ionic liquid, and use of said ionic liquid to extract tantalum from an acidic aqueous phase|
    KR1020187006483A| KR20180055810A|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|A method for extracting and recovering tantalum present in an acidic aqueous phase by means of an ionic liquid and the use of such an ionic liquid for the extraction of tantalum from an acid aqueous phase|
    PCT/EP2016/068998| WO2017025547A1|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|Processes for extracting and recovering tantalum present in an acid aqueous phase by means of an ionic liquid, and use of such an ionic liquid for extracting the tantalum from an acid aqueous phase|
    BR112018002760-0A| BR112018002760B1|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|METHOD FOR THE EXTRACTION OF TANTALUM, METHOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF TANTALUM AND USE OF AN IONIC LIQUID|
    AU2016305269A| AU2016305269B2|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|Processes for extracting and recovering tantalum present in an acid aqueous phase by means of an ionic liquid, and use of such an ionic liquid for extracting the tantalum from an acid aqueous phase|
    CA2994636A| CA2994636A1|2015-08-10|2016-08-10|Processes for extracting and recovering tantalum present in an acid aqueous phase by means of an ionic liquid, and use of such an ionic liquid for extracting the tantalum from an acid aqueous phase|
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