ASSIGNMENT OF SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES

专利摘要:
A method (1310) may include calculating (1314) a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on implicit function values associated with the geological environment; the identification (1318) of sea-level variations with respect to geological time for plateau failure; and assigning (1322) at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations.
公开号:FR3039679A1
申请号:FR1557286
申请日:2015-07-30
公开日:2017-02-03
发明作者:Jimmy Klinger
申请人:Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

ASSIGNMENT OF SEDIMENTARY CORRETS
CONTEXT
[0001] The phenomena associated with a sedimentary basin can be modeled using a mesh, a grid, etc. For example, a structural model can be created based on data associated with a sedimentary basin. For example, when a basin includes various types of features (eg, stratigraphic layers, faults, etc.), the data associated with such features can be used to create a basin structural model. Such a model can be a basis for analysis, additional modeling, and so on. SUMMARY [0002] The invention relates to a method that can include calculating a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on the implicit function values associated with the geological environment; an identification of changes in sea level with respect to geological time for plateau failure; and an allocation of at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations.
A computer program product may comprise computer executable instructions recorded on one or more computer readable media for performing the steps of that method according to one or more embodiments described herein when said computer program is executed. on a computing device. A system may include a processor; a memory operatively coupled to the processor; and one or more modules that include instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor for controlling the system where the instructions may include instructions for: calculating a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on the values of implicit function associated with the geological environment; identify changes in sea level relative to geological time for plateau failure; and assigning at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations. One or more computer-readable storage media that includes computer-executable instructions for controlling a computing device may include instructions for: calculating a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on implicit function values associated with the geological environment; identify changes in sea level relative to geological time for plateau failure; and assigning at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations. According to one or more embodiments, the one or more computer-readable storage media includes instructions to interactively modify sea level variations with respect to geological time. Various other apparatus, systems, methods, etc. are also described.
[0003] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts which is further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features and advantages of the implementations described can be more easily understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0005] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system which comprises various components for simulating a geological environment; [0006] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a system; Figure 3 illustrates examples of concordances and discrepancies; [0008] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a system and an example of a method; [0009] Figure 5 illustrates examples of formulations; Figure 6 illustrates examples of methods; [0011] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a mesh in a volume of interest; Figure 8 illustrates an example of volume attribute values in a volume of interest; Figure 9 illustrates an example of a method; FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a method and an example of a sequence with a plot of sea level variations with respect to geological time; Figure 11 illustrates examples of retrogradation, aggradation and progradation; Figure 12 illustrates examples of sedimentary processions; Figure 13 illustrates an example of a method; Figure 14 illustrates an example of a geological environment that includes a plateau break; Figure 15 illustrates examples of eustasy curves with respect to geologic time; FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a geological environment that comprises a plateau break and cases of retrogradation, aggradation and progradation; FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a geological environment that includes attributed sedimentary processions and allocated interfaces; and [0022] Figure 18 illustrates exemplary components of a system and a networked system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This description is not to be taken in a limited sense, but is rather simply made for the purpose of describing the general principles of the implementations. The scope of the described implementations must be verified in relation to the claims made.
[0024] The phenomena associated with a sedimentary basin (for example, a subsurface region, whether below a ground surface, a water surface, etc.) can be modeled using one or more models. For example, a structural model of a basin can be useful for understanding various processes related to the exploration and production of natural resources (estimates of reserves in place, well drilling, production forecasts, etc.). ). For example, a structural model can be used as a basis for constructing a model for use with a digital technique.
For the application of a numerical technique, equations can be discretized using a grid that includes nodes, cells, and so on. To represent features in a geological environment, a structural model can help correctly locate nodes, cells, and so on. a grid for use with a simulation using one or more digital techniques. For example, a structural model can itself include a mesh, which can sometimes be called a grid. By way of example, a structural model can provide for the analysis optionally without resorting to the creation of a grid adapted to the discretization of the equations for a numerical resolution (for example, consider a structured grid which can reduce the computation requests, etc.).
As for numerical techniques, a numerical technique such as the finite difference method may include discretizing a one-dimensional differential heat equation of temperature with respect to a spatial coordinate to approximate temperature derivatives (e.g. first order, second order, etc.). When the time is interesting, a temperature derivative with respect to time can also be provided. As for the spatial coordinate, the numerical technique can be based on a spatial grid that includes various nodes where the temperature will be supplied for each node during the resolution of the heat equation (for example, subjected to the boundary conditions, to the phases of generations , etc.). Such an example may apply to multiple dimensions in space (for example, when discretization is applied to multiple dimensions). Thus, a grid can discretize a volume of interest (VOI) into elementary elements (e.g., cells or grid blocks) that can be assigned or associated with properties (for example, porosity, type of rock). , etc.), which may relate to the simulation of physical processes (eg, fluid flow, reservoir compaction, etc.).
As another example of a digital technique, consider the finite element method where space can be represented by one-dimensional or multidimensional "elements". For a spatial dimension, an element can be represented by two nodes positioned with a spatial coordinate. For multiple spatial dimensions, an element can include any number of nodes. In addition, some equations can be represented by some nodes while others are represented by fewer nodes (for example consider an example for the Navier-Stockes equations in which fewer nodes represent the pressure). The finite element method may include obtaining nodes that can define triangular elements (e.g., three-dimensional tetrahedra, higher order simplex in multidimensional spaces, etc.) or quadrilateral elements (e.g. hexahedrons or three-dimensional pyramids, etc.), or polygonal elements (eg, three-dimensional prisms, etc.). These elements, as defined by the corresponding nodes of a mesh, can be called grid cells.
Yet another example of a digital technique is the finite volume method. For the finite volume method, the values of the variables of the model equation can be computed at discrete locations on a grid, for example, a grid node that includes a "finite volume" surrounding it. The finite volume method can apply the divergence theorem for the evaluation of fluxes on surfaces of each finite volume so that the flux entering a given finite volume is equal to that flowing out to one or more adjacent finite volumes (by example, to respect the conservation laws). For the finite volume method, the nodes of a grid can define grid cells.
As mentioned, when a sedimentary basin (for example, a subsurface region comprises various types of features (for example, stratigraphic layers, faults, etc.) where the nodes, cells, etc. of a mesh or grid can represent, or be attributed to, such features.For example, consider a structural model that could include one or more meshes.This model can serve as a basis for forming a grid for discretized equations intended to represent a sedimentary basin and its characteristics.
As for a stratigraphic sequence, a sedimentary basin may comprise sedimentary deposits grouped into stratigraphic units, for example, on the basis of some of a variety of factors, to approximate or represent time lines that place the stratigraphy in a chronostratigraphic setting. While sequential stratigraphy is mentioned, lithostratigraphy can be applied, for example, based on the similarity of rock unit lithology (for example, rather than time-related factors).
By way of example, a mesh may conform to structural features such as, for example, Y-shaped faults, X-shaped faults, low-angle mismatches, salted bodies, intrusions, and the like. (for example, geological discontinuities), to capture more completely the complexity of a geological model. For example, a mesh may optionally conform to the stratigraphy (for example, in addition to one or more geological discontinuities). Geological discontinuities may include discontinuities in the model such as one or more model boundaries. By way of example, a mesh may be filled with property fields, generated for example by geostatistical methods.
In general, a relationship may exist between the spacing of the node and the phenomena or phenomena modeled. Various scales may exist in a geological environment, for example, a molecular scale may be in the range of approximately 10 to approximately 10'8 meters, a pore scale may be in the range of approximately 10'6 to 10 '. Approximately 3 meters, the continuum mass can be of the order of 10'3 approximately to 10'2 meters approximately, and a basin scale of the order of 103 approximately to approximately 105 meters. For example, the nodes of a grid may be selected based at least in part on the type of phenomenon or phenomena being modeled (for example, to select nodes with appropriate spacing or spacings). For example, the nodes of a mesh may comprise a node-to-node spacing of about 10 meters to about 500 meters. In such an example, a modeled basin can extend, for example, about 103 meters. For example, node-to-node spacing may vary, for example, being smaller or larger than the aforementioned spacings.
Data may be involved in the construction of an initial mesh and, subsequently, a model, a corresponding mesh, etc., may optionally be updated in response to a result of the model, changes in time, physical phenomena, additional data, etc. Data may include one or more of the following: depth or thickness maps and fault geometries as well as chronology from seismic, remote sensing, electromagnetic, gravity, outcrop and drilling. In addition, data may include depth and thickness maps derived from facies variations.
FIG. 1 represents an example of a system 100 that includes various management components 110 for managing various aspects of a geological environment 150 (for example, an environment that includes a sedimentary basin, a reservoir 151, one or more fractures 153, etc.). For example, the management components 110 may allow direct or indirect management of detection, drilling, injection, extraction, etc., relative to the geological environment 150. In return, other Geological environment information 150 may become available as a feedback 160 (for example, optionally as input to one or more management components 110).
In the example of FIG. 1, the management components 110 comprise a seismic data component 112, an additional information component 114 (for example, well / bore data), a processing component 116, a simulation component 120, an attribute component 130, an analysis / visualization component 142, and a process stream component 144. In operation, the seismic data and other information provided by the components 112 and 114 may be entries on the simulation component 120.
In an exemplary embodiment, the simulation component 120 may be based on entities 122. The entities 122 may comprise terrestrial entities or geological objects such as wells, surfaces, reservoirs, etc. In the system 100, the entities 122 may comprise virtual representations of real physical entities that are reconstructed for simulation purposes. Entities 122 may include entities based on data acquired through detection, observation, etc. (For example, seismic data 112 and other information 114). An entity may be characterized by a porosity property). Such properties may represent one or more measurements (eg acquired data), calculations, etc.
In an exemplary embodiment, the simulation component 120 can operate in conjunction with a software infrastructure such as an object-oriented software infrastructure. In such a software infrastructure, entities may include features based on predefined classes to facilitate modeling and simulation. A commercially available example of an object-oriented software infrastructure is the MICROSOFT® .NET ™ software infrastructure, (Redmond, Washington), which produces a set of extensible object classes. In the .NET ™ framework, an object class encapsulates a reusable code module and associated data structures. Object classes can be used to instantiate instances of objects for use by a program, script, and so on. For example, drill classes may define objects for drilling representation based on the well data.
In an example of Figure 1, the simulation component 120 may process information to conform to one or more attributes specified by an attribute component 130, which may include an attribute library. Such processing may occur prior to entry on the simulation component 120 (for example, consider the processing component 116). For example, the simulation component 120 may perform operations on input information based on one or more attributes specified by the attribute component 130. In an exemplary embodiment, the simulation component 120 may construct one or more models of the geological environment 150, which may be reliable for stimulating the behavior of the geological environment 150 (for example, in response to one or more acts, whether natural or man-made). In the example of Figure 1, the analysis / visualization component 142 can predict interaction with a model or model-based results (eg, simulation results, etc.). For example, a result of the simulation component 120 may be inputted to one or more other processing streams as indicated by a process stream component 144.
By way of example, the simulation component 120 may comprise one or more characteristics of a simulator such as the ECLIPSE ™ tank simulator (Schlumberger Limited, Houston Texas), the INTERSECT ™ tank simulator (Schlumberger Limited, Houston Texas), etc. For example, a reservoir or reservoirs may be simulated with respect to one or more improved recovery techniques (for example, consider a thermal process such as SAGD, etc.).
In one exemplary embodiment, the management component 110 may include features of a commercially available frame such as the PETREL® simulation seismic software infrastructure (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Texas). The PETREL® framework includes components that enable optimization of development and exploration operations. The PETREL® framework includes simulated seismic software components that can output information for use in increasing reservoir performance, for example, by improving the productivity of resource teams. Through the use of such a software infrastructure, various professionals (eg, geophysicists, geologists, and reservoir engineers) can develop collaborative workflows and integrate operations to streamline processes. Such a software infrastructure can be considered an application and can be considered as a data-driven application (for example, when data is entered for modeling, stimulation, etc.).
In one exemplary embodiment, various aspects of the management components 110 may include additional modules or extension modules that operate according to the specifications of a software infrastructure environment. For example, a commercially available, commercially available software infrastructure environment such as the OCEAN® software infrastructure environment (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Texas) provides for the integration of additional modules (or plug-in modules) into a workflow. PETREL® software infrastructure treatment. The OCEAN® software infrastructure environment uses .NET® tools (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and provides stable, easy-to-use interfaces for efficient development. In one exemplary embodiment, various components may be implemented as additional modules (or extension modules) that conform to and operate according to specificities of the software infrastructure environment (e.g. according to API specifications, etc.).
FIG. 1 also represents an example of a software infrastructure 170 that includes a model simulation layer 180 with a software infrastructure service layer 190, a software infrastructure core layer 195 and a module layer 175. The software infrastructure 170 may include the commercially available OCEAN® software infrastructure in which the model simulation layer 180 is the software package centered on a commercially available PETREL® model that hosts the OCEAN® software infrastructure applications. In one example embodiment, the PETREL® software can be considered as a data-driven application. PETREL® software may include a software infrastructure for building and viewing models. Such a model may include one or more grids.
The model simulation layer 180 can produce domain objects 182, act as a data source 184, produce a rendering 186 and produce various user interfaces 188. The rendering 186 can produce a graphical environment in which the applications may display their data while the user interfaces 188 may have common usability to the application user interface components.
In the example of FIG. 1, the domain objects 182 may comprise entity objects, property objects and optionally other objects. Entity objects can be used to geometrically represent wells, surfaces, reservoirs, etc., while property objects can be used to produce property values as well as data versions and display parameters. For example, an entity object may represent a well where a property object produces report information of both version information and display information (for example, to display the well as part of a model) [0045] In the example of Figure 1, data may be stored in one or more data sources (or data stores, typically physical data storage devices), which may be at the same physical site or sites. different physical and accessible via one or more networks. The model simulation layer 180 can be configured to model projects. As such, a particular project can be stored where stored project information can include inputs, models, results, and cases. Thus, at the end of a modeling session, a user can store a project. Later, the project can be accessed and restored using the model simulation layer 180, which can recreate the relevant domain object instances.
In the example of FIG. 1, the geological environment 150 may comprise layers (for example, stratification layers) which comprise a reservoir 151 and which can be intersected by a fault 153. By way of example, the The geological environment 150 may be equipped with any number of sensors, detectors, actuators, and the like. For example, the equipment 152 may include communication circuitry for receiving and transmitting information with respect to one or more networks 155. Such information may include information associated with a downhole equipment 154, which may be a piece of equipment. to obtain information, to help with the recovery of resources, etc. Other equipment 156 may be located remote from a well site and include remote sensing, sensing, emission or other circuitry. Such equipment may include communication and storage circuitry for storing and communicating data, instructions, etc. For example, one or more satellites can be used for communication purposes, data acquisition. For example, FIG. 1 represents a satellite in communication with the network 155 which can be configured for communications, it should be noted that the satellite can in addition or alternatively comprise a circuitry for imaging (for example, spatial, spectral, temporal, radiometric, etc.) [0047] Figure 1 also shows the geological environment 150 as optionally including the equipment 157 and 158 associated with a well which comprises a substantially horizontal portion which can intersect one or more fractures 159. For example, consider a wells in a shale formation that may include natural fractures, artificial fractures (eg, hydraulic fractures) or a combination of natural and man-made fractures. For example, a well may be drilled for a tank that is wide laterally. In such an example, lateral variations of properties, voltages, etc. may exist where an assessment of such variations may assist in planning, operations, etc. to develop a vast reservoir laterally (for example, through fracturing, injection, extraction, etc.). For example, equipment 157 and / or 158 may include components, system, systems, etc. for fracking, seismic remote sensing, seismic data analysis, evaluation of one or more fractures, etc.
As mentioned, the system 100 may be used to perform one or more processing flows. A process flow can be a process that includes a number of processing steps. A processing step can operate on data, for example, to create new data, update existing data, and so on. For example, a processing step may operate on one or more inputs and create one or more results, for example, based on one or more algorithms. For example, a system may include a workflow editor for creation, editing, execution, etc. a processing flow. In such an example, the process stream editor can produce a selection for one or more predefined processing steps, one or more custom processing steps, and so on. For example, a process stream may be an applicable process stream in PETREL® software, for example, that operates on seismic data, seismic attribute (s), etc. For example, a process flow can be an applicable process in the OCEAN® software infrastructure. For example, a process stream may include one or more processing steps that access a module such as an extension module (e.g., external executable code, etc.). example, reservoir simulation, modeling of petroleum systems, etc. can be applied to characterize various types of subsurface environments, including environments such as those in Figure 1.
By way of example, a sedimentary basin, such as a geological environment, may comprise horizons, faults, one or more geological bodies and facies formed during a certain period of geological time. These characteristics can be distributed in two or three dimensions in space, for example, with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system (for example, x, y and z) or another coordinate system (for example, cylindrical, spherical, etc.). For example, a model construction method may include a data acquisition block for acquiring data (for example, for receiving data) and a model geometry block (for example, for modeling geometry based at least in part on the data). For example, some data may be concerned by the construction of an initial model and then the model may optionally be updated in response to a model result, changes in time, physical phenomena, additional data. etc. For example, data for modeling may include one or more of the following: thickness or depth maps and chronologies and fault geometries from seismic, remote sensing, electromagnetic, gravity data , outcrop and drilling reports. In addition, the data may include thickness or depth maps derived from facies variations (eg, due to seismic discrepancies) assumed to follow geological events ("iso" times) and the data may include variations in lateral facies (for example, due to lateral variations in sedimentation characteristics).
To proceed with the modeling of geological processes, data can be produced, for example, data such as geochemical data (for example, temperature, kerogen type, organic richness, etc.), data. chronology (for example, from paleontology, radiometric dates, magnetic inversions, rock and fluid properties, etc.) and boundary condition data (for example, heat flow history, surface temperature, depth of fossil water, etc.).
In modelizations of oil and pond systems, quantities such as temperature distributions, pressure and porosity within the sediments can be modeled, for example, by the resolution of partial differential equations (PDE). using one or more digital techniques. Modeling can also model geometry over time, for example, to account for changes resulting from geological events (eg, deposition of materials, erosion of materials, movement of materials, etc.).
[0053] A commercially available modeling software infrastructure sold as the PETROMOD® software infrastructure (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Texas) includes features for inputting various types of information (eg, seismic, well, geological). , etc.) to model the evolution of a sedimentary basin. The PETROMOD® software infrastructure produces modeling of petroleum systems through the input of various data such as seismic data, drilling data and other geological data, for example, to model the evolution of a sedimentary basin. The PETROMOD® software infrastructure can predict if, and how, a tank has been loaded with hydrocarbons, including, for example, the source and timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration routes, quantities, pressure of pore and type of hydrocarbon in the subsoil or at the level of surface conditions. In combination with a software infrastructure such as the PETREL® software infrastructure, the OCEAN® software infrastructure, etc., process streams can be built to provide exploration solutions at the basin survey scale. Data exchange between software frameworks can facilitate model building, data analysis (eg, PETROMOD® software infrastructure data is analyzed using PETREL® software infrastructure capabilities) , and the coupling of the treatment flows.
By way of example, a method may comprise structural modeling, for example, the construction of a structural model, the editing of a structural model, etc. of a geological environment. For example, a process flow may include obtaining a structural model prior to constructing a grid (for example, using the structural model), which may, in turn, be relevant to the design. use with one or more digital techniques. For example, one or more applications can operate on a structural model (for example, an input of a structural model).
FIG. 2 represents an example of a system 200 which comprises a block of geological / geophysical data 210, a block of surface models 220 (for example, for one or more structural models), a block of volume modules. 230, an application block 240, a digital processing block 250 and an operational decision block 260. As shown in the example of FIG. 2, the geological / geophysical data block may comprise data from the well heads or wellbars 212, seismic interpretation data 214, outcrop interpretation data and optionally geological knowledge data. The surface model block 220 can be used for creation, editing, and so on. of one or more surface models based, for example, on one or more fault surfaces 222, horizon surfaces 224 and optionally topological relationships 226. As for the volume model block 230, it may serve to creation, editing, etc. one or more volume models based, for example, on one or more border representations 232 (for example, to form a sealed pattern), structured grids 234, and unstructured meshes 236.
As shown in the example of FIG. 2, the system 200 can provide for the implementation of one or more processing streams, for example, where the data of the data block 210 is used to create, modify etc. one or more surface models of the surface pattern block 220, which can be used to create, modify, etc. one or more volume models of the volume model block 230. As shown in the example of Figure 2, the surface model block 220 can produce one or more structural models, which can be entered into the application block 240. For example, such a structural model can be produced for one or more applications, optionally without performing one or more processes of the volume template block 230 (for example, for digital processing by the digital processing block 250). . Accordingly, the system 200 may be adequate for one or more processing streams for structural modeling (for example, optionally without performing digital processing by the digital processing block 250).
As for the application block 240, it may comprise applications such as a well prognostic application 242, a reserve calculation application 244 and a well stability evaluation application 246. As for the block of applications digital processing 250, it may comprise a method for modeling the seismic velocity 251 followed by a seismic treatment 252, a facies interpolation method and petrophysical properties 253 followed by a flow simulation 254, and a geomechanical simulation process 255, followed by a geochemical simulation 256. As indicated, by way of example, a processing flow can pass from the volume model block 230 to the digital processing block 250 and then to the application block 240 and / or the block 260. As another example, a process flow may pass from the surface model block 220 to the application block 240 and then to the operational decision block. 260 (for example, consider an application that works with a structural model).
In the example of FIG. 2, the operational decision block 260 may comprise a seismic survey design process 261, a well flow adaptation process 252, a well trajectory planning process 263 a well completion planning process 264 and a process for one or more prospects, for example, to decide whether to explore, expand, abandon, etc. a prospect.
Referring back to the data block 210, wellhead or borehole data 212 may include a spatial location, and optionally a surface dip, an interface between two geologic formations, or a subsurface discontinuity such as a geological fault; the seismic interpretation data 214 may comprise a set of points, lines and surface plots interpreted from seismic reflection data, and representing interfaces between media (for example, geological formations in which the velocity of the waves seismic differs) or subsurface discontinuities; the outcrop interpretation data 216 may comprise a set of lines or points, optionally associated with a measured dip, representing boundaries between geological formations or geological faults, as interpreted on the Earth's surface; and the geological knowledge data 218 may include, for example, knowledge of the palaeo-tectonic and sedimentary evolution of a region.
As for a structural model, it may be, for example, a set of meshed or meshed surfaces representing one or more interfaces between geological formations (for example, horizon surfaces) or mechanical discontinuities (surface areas). faults) in the subsurface. For example, a structural model may include some information on one or more topological relationships between surfaces (for example, fault A truncates fault B, fault B intersects fault C, etc.).
As for the boundary representation (s) 232, they may comprise a numerical representation in which a subsurface model is divided into various closed units representing geological layers and fault blocks where an individual unit may be defined by its boundary. and, optionally, for example a set of internal boundaries such as fault surfaces.
As for structured grid (s) 234, they may comprise a grid that divides a volume of interest into different elementary volumes (cells), for example, which can be indexed according to a predefined, repetitive model. As for unstructured mesh (s) 236, they may include a mesh that divides a volume of interest into different elemental volumes, for example, that can not easily be indexed according to a predefined, repetitive pattern (for example, consider a Cartesian cube). with indices I, J and K, and the x, y and z axes).
As for the seismic velocity modeling 251, it may include the calculation of the propagation velocity of the seismic waves (for example, where the seismic velocity depends on the type of seismic wave and the direction of the propagation of the wave). . Seismic processing 252 may include a set of processes for identifying the location of seismic reflectors in space, the physical characteristics of the rocks between these reflectors, and the like.
As for the petrophysical and facies property interpolation 253, it may include an assessment of the type of rocks and their petrophysical properties (for example, porosity, permeability), for example, optionally in unsampled areas. by drilling reports and coring. For example, such interpolation can be constrained by interpretations from the report data and core data, and by prior geological knowledge.
As regards the simulation of treatment flows 254, by way of example, it may comprise a simulation of hydrocarbon streams in the subsurface, for example, during geological time (for example, in the context of the modeling of petroleum systems, trying to predict the presence and quality of oil in the undrilled formation) or during the operation of a hydrocarbon reservoir (for example, when certain fluids are pumped from a reservoir or In this one).
As for the geomechanical simulation 255, it may include a simulation of the deformation of rocks under boundary conditions. Such a simulation can be used, for example, to evaluate the compaction of a reservoir (for example, associated with its depletion, when the hydrocarbons are pumped from the porous and deformable rock which constitutes the reservoir). By way of example, a geomechanical simulation can be used for various purposes such as, for example, the prediction of fracturing, the reconstruction of the paleo-geometries of the reservoir as they were before the tectonic deformations, etc.
As for the geomechanical simulation 256, such a simulation can simulate the evolution of the formation and composition of hydrocarbons through the geological history (for example, to evaluate the probability of oil accumulation in a formation particular underground when exploring new prospects).
As for the various applications of the application block 240, the well prognostic application 242 may include the prediction of the type and characteristics of the geological formations that may be encountered by a drilling tool, and the location where such rocks may be encountered (for example, before a well is drilled); the reserve calculation application 244 may include an estimate of the total amount of hydrocarbons or ore present in a subsurface environment (for example, and estimate what proportion can be recovered according to a set of economic and technical constraints); and the well stability evaluation application 246 may include an estimate of the risk that a well, already drilled or ready to drill, will collapse or be damaged due to underground stresses.
As for the operational decision block 260, the seismic survey design process 261 may include the decision on the location of the seismic sources and receivers to optimize the coverage and quality of the collected seismic information while minimizing the cost. acquisition; the well 262 flow rate adjustment process may include control of injection and production well scheduling and flow rates (eg, to maximize recovery and production); the well trajectory planning process 263 may include designing a well trajectory to maximize potential recovery and production while minimizing drilling risks and costs; the well trajectory planning process 264 may include selection of adequate casing, sheathing and completion of the well (e.g., to meet expected production or injection targets in specified tank); and the prospect process 265 may include decision-making, in an exploration context, the continuation of exploration, the commencement of production or the abandonment of prospects (for example, based on an integrated assessment of technical and financial risks versus expected benefits) [0070] Figure 3 shows examples of formations that include one or more sequences, for example, sequences of sedimentary structures (eg, strata, horizons, etc.). producing in sedimentary rocks. As shown in FIG. 3, the formation 310 comprises a single sequence, the formations 320 and 330 each comprising two sequences and the formation 340 comprises three sequences, the sequence of the medium having collapsed into a single discontinuity surface.
By way of example, a concordant horizon may be a horizon between a lower horizon and an upper horizon where the horizons have undergone a relatively common geological history, for example, having deposited successively (for example, continuously in the weather). With reference to the formation 310, the horizons do not intersect each other and each of the horizons can be considered to be concordant with the adjacent horizons (for example, lower and upper or older and more recent) [0072] A For example, erosion may act to strip the rock, for example, due to physical, chemical and / or biological decomposition and / or transportation. Erosion can occur, for example, while a material (eg, altered from the rock, etc.) is carried by fluids, solids (eg, wind, water or ice ) or mass movements (for example, as in rockfalls and landslides). With reference to the formation 320, of the two sequences shown, the lower sequence may have been eroded and the upper sequence deposited on the top of the lower eroded sequence. In such an example, the boundary between the two sequences can be described as erosion; note that this is concordant with the most recent superior sequence. For example, erosion can act to "truncate" a sequence of horizons and form a surface on which the subsequent material can be deposited (for example, optionally in a concordant manner).
By way of example, a base covering may be a type of feature in a formation, for example, such as a prograding bevel or an aggradation bevel. For example, a progradation bevel may be a termination of overlapping layers with a steeper dip against a surface or underlying layers that have apparent lower dips. For example, a progradation wedge may be seen at the base of progradation clinoforms and may represent progradation of a pelvic margin. As an aggradation wedge, for example, it may be a termination of slightly inclined, more recent strata against older, steeper dipping strata (for example, stratigraphy of sequences that may occur during periods of transgression). . Referring to formation 230, given the direction indicated as "z" as the depth, the type of base cover shown may be considered a progradation bevel (eg, lower strata having apparent lower dips). In such an example, the boundary of the base overlap is consistent with horizons immediately older.
As for the formation 340, it comprises three sequences and can be described as discontinuity while the border is neither consistent with the older horizons, nor with those more recent. In the examples of Figure 3, erosions, base overlays, and discontinuities may be termed mismatches or horizons (for example, or non-matching surfaces, layers, etc.).
FIG. 4 represents an example of a system 401 and a method 410. As shown in FIG. 4, the system 401 comprises one or more computers 402, one or more storage devices 405, one or more networks. 406 and one or more modules 407. As for the one or more computers 402, each computer may include one or more processors (e.g., or core processors) 403 and a memory 404 for storing instructions (e.g. ), for example, executable by at least one or more processors. For example, a computer may include one or more network interfaces (eg, wired or wireless), one or more graphics cards, a display interface (eg, wired or wireless), and so on. For example, data may be stored in the storage device (s) 405 where the computer (s) 402 can access the data via the network (s) 406 and process the data. via the module or modules 407, for example, as stored in the memory 404 and executed by the processor (s) 403.
By way of example, a system may comprise the reception of information. For example, a component of a system may include receiving information through a bus, a storage device, a network interface, and so on. For example, when instructions execute through a processor, the processor may receive information. For example, a processor may receive data. For example, data can be measured data, synthetic data, constructed data, and so on. For example, data may be attribute data. For example, data can describe a model. For example, data may describe a mesh. For example, data can define an implicit function. For example, data can define a stratigraphic function. For example, a processor can produce information by receiving the information, generating information, and so on.
As shown in FIG. 4, the method 410 comprises the input 420, the processes 440 and the output output 480. As for the input 420, the method 410 can receive, for example, a geometry input of fault by an input block 422, a stratigraphic column input by an input block 424, a fault activity input by an input block 426 and a horizon geometry input by an input block 428. As indicated, the processes 440 may comprise a building block 442 for the construction of a bottom mesh, a definition block 444 for the definition of matching sequences, an edit block 450 for producing one or several editing procedures by blocks 452, 454 and 456, an implicit function interpolation block 462 for the interpolation of an implicit function (for example, or implicit functions) and a return block 464, which can refer to the block 450 edition, for example after performing one or more interpolations by the implicit function interpolation block 462. By way of example, the method 410 may comprise the output of a mesh as an output 480 by a mesh output block 482, for example, when the output mesh may be suitable for one or more purposes.
By way of example, the method 410 may comprise the reception of a background mesh (for example, constructed by the mesh block 442), the reception of one or more matching sequences (for example, defined by the definition block 444) and the editing of the received background mesh using the one or more matched sequences received (eg, by the edit block 450) to produce a modified mesh. In such an example, the method 410 may comprise filling the modified mesh with values of an implicit function through an interpolation procedure (eg, by the implicit function interpolation block 462) over the base at least in part of the reception, as input, of the horizon geometry (for example, by the input block 428). In such an example, method 410 may include outputting a mesh that is or may be "split" into multiple volumes along one or more mismatches (see, for example, formations 320, 330 and 340 of Figure 3). For example, the method 410 may include outputting a mesh (e.g., through the mesh output block 482). In return, a model of a geological environment can be constructed at least in part by means of a mesh.
By way of example, a method can be implemented that can create a model (for example, a multidimensional spatial model) of a faulted stratigraphic sequence (for example, faulty geological layers). Such a method may include creating a model that represents one or more mismatches, for example, when a mismatch may be a domain boundary that separates the newer rock from an older rock (for example, consider a gap in a geological time record). For example, a method can create a model for use in modeling structures, phenomena, etc. in one or more dimensions. For example, a model may be suitable for modeling structures, phenomena, etc. relative to time (for example, a time dimension, whether forward, backward, or both). For example, a method that includes performing one or more digital techniques may use a model, for example, to discretize a geological environment (for example, in one or more dimensions) and formulate sets of equations that correspond to at least a part of the discretized geological environment. For example, a model may include nodes, a grid defined by nodes, cells (for example, consider two-dimensional cells and three-dimensional cells), and so on.
By way of example, a method such as method 410 can take into account the actual geometric input, for example, without necessarily having to model or interpret non-deposited or eroded portions of layers, or eroded portions. flaws. For example, a method may include constructing a geological model in the form of a mesh or a set of meshes, such that the model is watertight, for example, where one or more faults, concordant layers and mismatches can be represented by meshes (for example, optionally from mesh splitting) that have contacts (i.e. no geometric gap or overlap) with each other. For example, a method may include taking into account the activity of faults, for example, where faults can be eroded by certain concordant sequences while introducing a mismatch into more recent sequences, in a way that geologically coherent. For example, a method may be tolerant of geometric inaccuracies in the interpretation of such eroded faults, and may produce geologically significant results even if the interpretation of the fault goes beyond the erosional surface that should truncate it.
By way of example, a method may comprise simultaneous modeling (for example, represented by a unique implicit function in a volume mesh), horizons that belong to a particular concordant sequence (for example, in particular one or more sequence boundaries where one or more may be a mismatch). For example, with reference to example formations 320, 330 and 340 of FIG. 3, a method may comprise sequentially modeling each of the matched sequences subject to a sequence boundary (e.g., or boundaries) that may be a mismatch (eg, erosion, base overlap, discontinuity, etc.), for example, by representing conformal sequences by one or more implicit functions defined on separate (eg, topologically disconnected) elements of a mesh of background. Such an approach can produce reliable and accurate modeling of concordant or non-concordant horizons, for example, which may at times be defined by sparse data (for example, consider wellhead data).
With reference again to method 410 of FIG. 4, examples of options A and B are shown with respect to the fault geometry entry block 422. For option A, the input block 422 can producing an input on the building block 442 for use in building a bottom mesh; whereas, for option B, the fault geometry input block 422 can produce an input on the edit block 450. For option A, for example, a background mesh can be constructed by the building block 442 so that the bottom mesh is restricted, at least in part, by the geometry of a fault or faults. For option B, for example, a background grid can be without constraint by the geometry of a fault or faults while the edition by the block of edition 450 takes into account the geometry of a fault or fault.
The method 410 of FIG. 4 can be qualified as an implicit modeling technique because it includes the use of one or more implicit functions. By way of example, such a method may comprise the representation of three-dimensional geological horizons using specific iso-surfaces of a scalar property field (for example, an implicit function) defined by a mesh of three-dimensional background. In such an example, the continuity of the scalar property field can be managed by the continuity of the background mesh.
By way of example, a method may comprise the construction of a suitable bottom mesh for interpolating an implicit function, the identification of a set of concordant sequences from the geological type of the stratigraphic horizons, and the editing of the background mesh on which the interpolation is performed for the treatment of a first concordant sequence or between the processing of two successive concordant sequences. As for this edition, it can include the creation of subvolumes in the background mesh by subdividing it by previously interpolated sequence boundaries (see, for example, the subdivision block 452 of FIG. subvolumes corresponding to a concordant "current" sequence (see, for example, identification block 454 of FIG. 4) and the restriction of any other process of interpolation and extraction of iso-surfaces to the sub-volumes. identified volumes and, for example, the management of fault activities in one or more of the identified subvolumes (see, for example, the enabled (un) activated (un) activation block 456 of Figure 4), by for example, by introducing and / or removing one or more internal discrepancies in the background mesh.
As for the processing of one or more implicit functions, a method may comprise the interpolation of one or more implicit functions on the basis of a "concordant sequence by concordant sequence", for example, optionally a sequence corresponding to both (see, for example, the example meshes of Figures 7 and 8).
In the example of FIG. 4, the method 410 comprises a return block 464 by means of which the results of the implicit function interpolation block 462 can be communicated to the edition block 450 to produce one or more editions. additional on the edited background mesh. For example, a loop may exist between the edit block 450 and the implicit function interpolation block 462, for example, where various actions may be repeated to process a stratigraphic stack (e.g. the stratigraphic stack). For example, an iso-value of a previously interpolated implicit function that corresponds to a mismatch (eg, a sequence boundary) may be used as an input to subdivide block 452. As mentioned, method 410 may include the output output 480, for example, which can output a mesh (for example, or meshes) by the mesh output block 482. For example, a mesh (for example, or meshes) can to be considered as a model of a geological environment.
The method 410 is shown in FIG. 4 in association with various computer readable media (CRM) blocks 443, 445, 451, 463, 465, and 483. Such blocks generally include adequate instructions for execution. by one or more processors (or cores) for controlling a device or a computer system to perform one or more actions. While various blocks are shown, a single medium may be configured with instructions to allow, at least in part, various process actions 410. For example, a computer readable medium (CRM) may be a storage medium readable by a computer. By way of example, the blocks 443, 445, 463, 465 and 483 can be obtained as one or more modules, for example, such as one or more modules 407 of the system 401 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 shows an example of a control point constraint formulation 510 with respect to a tetrahedral cell 512 (for example, a volumetric element) which comprises a control point 514 and an example of a formulation of By way of example, an implicit function can be a scalar field. For example, an implicit function can be represented as a property or an attribute, for example, for a volume (for example, a volume of interest). As an example, the aforementioned PETREL® software infrastructure may include a volume attribute that includes spatially defined values representing the values of an implicit function.
By way of example, a function "F" can be defined by coordinates (x, y, z) and likened to an implicit function designated cp. As for constrained values, the function F can be such that each entry horizon surface "I" corresponds to a known constant value h, of φ. For example, Figure 5 shows nodes (e.g., vertices) of cell 512 comprising ao, ai, a2 and a3 as well as corresponding values of φ (see column vector). As for the values h, of φ, if a horizon I is more recent than the horizon J, then h,> hjet, if we write TJj * as the average thickness between the horizons I and J, then (hk-hi) / (hj -h,) ~ T_ik * / Tij *, for which a method may include estimating the values of TJj * before an interpolation is performed. It should be noted that the method can accept lower values h, of φ for more recent horizons, for example, a constraint being that, in each conformal sequence, the values h, of φ vary monotonically with respect to the age of the backgrounds. By way of example, this can be a unique constraint.
As for the interpolation of "F", by way of example, φ can be interpolated from nodes of a bottom mesh (for example, a triangular surface in two dimensions, a tetrahedral mesh in three dimensions , a regular structured grid, quadraires / octars, etc.) according to several constraints that can be honored in the least squares sense. In such an example, since the background grid can be discontinuous along the faults, the interpolation can be as discontinuous; note that "regularization constraints" can be understood, for example, to constrain the regularity of the interpolated values.
By way of example, a method may comprise the interpolation of an implicit function in a vertical (two-dimensional) section by means of a model where, for example, the interpolation comprises the constraint of the interpolation by information dipping. For example, consider a process that includes the constraint of an apparent dip interpolation of one or more horizons of a section (for example, seismic horizons of a two-dimensional cross section).
By way of example, a method may include the use of fuzzy control point constraints. For example, consider a location of interpretation points h, of φ (see, for example, point a * in Figure 5). For example, an interpretation point may be located at a location other than that of a node of a mesh on which interpolation is performed, for example, while a numerical constraint may be expressed as a combination linear of values of φ at the nodes of a mesh element (for example, a tetrahedron, a tetrahedral cell, etc.) which includes the interpretation point (for example, the coefficients of a sum being the barycentric coordinates the point of interpretation in the element or cell).
For example, for an interpretation point p of a horizon I located inside a tetrahedron which comprises vertices a0, a-ι, a2 and a3 and whose barycentric coordinates are b0, b- ι, b2 and b3 (for example, so that the sum of the barycentric coordinates is approximately equal to 1) in the tetrahedron, an equation can be formulated as follows: bo tp (ao) + bi cp (ai) + b2 cp (a2) + b3 cp (a3) = h, where the unknowns in the equation are cp (ao), (p (ai), cp (a2), and (p (a3).) For example, refer to the point of control cp (a *), labeled 514 in cell 512 of the control point constraint formulation 510 of Fig. 5, with corresponding coordinates (x *, y *, z *), and a matrix "M" for the coordinates of the nodes or vertices for a0, ai, a2 and a3, (for example, xo, yo, zo in x3, y3, z3).
By way of example, the number of these constraints of the above type can be based on the number of interpretation points where, for example, interpretation points can be a decimated interpretation to improve performance.
As mentioned, a process may comprise various regularization constraints, for example, to constrain the regularity of the interpolated values, of various orders (for example, to constrain the regularity of φ or of its gradient Vcp), which can be combined thanks to to a weighted least squares scheme.
By way of example, a method may comprise an operation for constraining the gradient V (p in a mesh element (for example, a tetrahedron, a tetrahedral cell, etc.) to take an (weighted) arithmetic mean of the values of the gradients of φ relative to its neighbors (topological) For example, one or more weighted schemes can be applied (for example, by the volume of an element) and one or more definitions of a topological neighborhood For example, two geometrically "touching" mesh elements that are located on different sides of a fault can be estimated as not being topological neighbors, for example for example, a mesh can be "seamless" along fault surfaces (for example, to define a set of elements or a mesh on one side of the fault and another set of elements or a mesh on the other side of the fault).
By way of example, in a mesh, if we consider a mesh element m, which has n neighbors m, (for example, for a tetrahedron), we can formulate an equation of the regulation constraint as follows:
In such an example of a regularization constraint, where solutions for which the iso-values of the implicit function would form a "flat mille-feuilles" or geometries of "nested balls" can be considered as "perfectly regular". "(That is, not violating the regularization constraint), it may be that a first one is targeted.
By way of example, one or more constraints can be incorporated into a system in a linear form. For example, strict constraints can be produced on the nodes of a mesh (for example, a control node). In such an example, the data may come from force values at the location of the wellheads. For example, a control gradient approach, or control gradient orientation, can be implemented to impose dipping stresses.
Referring again to Figure 5, the exemplary linear system formulation 530 includes various types of constraints. For example, a formulation may include constraints of harmonic equations, control point equation constraints (see, for example, the formulation of control point constraints 510), gradient equation constraints, constraints of constant gradient equation, etc. As shown in Fig. 5, a matrix A may comprise a column for each node and a line for each constraint. Such a matrix can be multiplied by a column vector such as the column vector q> (ai) (for example, or φ), for example, where the index "i" corresponds to a number of nodes, vertices, etc. for a mesh (for example, a double index can be used, for example, ay, where j represents an element or cell index). As represented in the example of FIG. 5, the product A and the vector φ can be compared to a column vector F (for example, including non-zero inputs if necessary, for example, consider dWroi point and gradient). FIG. 6 represents a block diagram of an example of a method 610 which may comprise an input block 620 and an output block 680, for example, to output an implicit function assimilated to a stratigraphic property by a block 682. As for the input block 620, it may comprise a fault area input block 622 and an horizon point input block 624. As shown in the example of FIG. 6, the input block 620 can produce an input for a thickness estimation block 630, a layer block 640 and a bottom mesh block 652.
As for the layer block 640, it may comprise a block of thickness values 642 for determining or receiving thickness values (for example, on the basis of or from the thickness estimation block 630). and a calculation block 644 for calculating control point values (see, for example, formulations 510 and 530 of Figure 5). As shown, the layer block 640 can output control points to a control point block 662, which can be defined with respect to a mesh produced by the bottom mesh block 652. By way of example, the control points of the control point block 662 may take into account one or more regularization constraints by a regulation constraint block 654.
By way of example, given control point values for layers that can be defined with respect to a mesh and subjected to one or more constraints, a method can comprise the calculation of values of an implicit function (for example, or implicit functions). As shown in the example of FIG. 6, an implicit function calculation block 662 can receive control points and one or more constraints defined with respect to a mesh (for example, elements, cells, nodes, nodes). vertices, etc.) and in return calculate values for one or more implicit functions.
As for the output block 680, given the values calculated for one or more implicit functions, these can be associated, for example, with a stratigraphic property by the block 682. By way of example one or more iso -surfaces can be extracted based at least in part on the values of the stratigraphic property by an iso-surface extraction block 684, for example, where one or more of the extracted iso-surfaces can be defined as a surface of horizon (for example, or horizon surfaces) by a block of horizon area 686.
[00105] FIG. 6 also represents an example of a method 690 for outputting a model by volume (for example, a model constructed from a subdivision of a volume of interest into sub-units). volumes representing stratigraphic layers, fault blocks or segments, etc.). As shown, the method 690 includes an input block 691 for inputting the information (e.g., sealed fault work frame information, horizon interpretation information, etc.), a mesh block 692 for the generation or construction of a mesh, a volume attribute interpolation block for the interpolation of values (for example, using one or more implicit functions), an extraction block of iso-surface 694 for the extraction of one or more iso-surfaces (for example, based at least in part on interpolated values), a subdivision block 695 for the subdivision of a mesh volume (for example , based at least in part on one or more extracted iso-surfaces) and an output block 696 for outputting a model by volume (for example, based at least in part on one or more several parts of a subdivided mesh volume).
By way of example, the input block 691 may comprise one or more characteristics of the input block 620 of the method 610, the mesh block 692 may comprise one or more characteristics of the mesh block 652 of the method 610. the volume assignment interpolation block 693 may comprise one or more characteristics of the implicit function calculation block 664 and / or the stratigraphic property block 682 of the method 610, the iso-surface extraction block 694 may include one or more features of the iso-surface extraction block 684 of the method 610, the subdivision block 695 may comprise subdividing a mesh volume with one or more horizon surfaces by the Surface area block 686 of process 610 and output block 696 may comprise outputting a volume based model based at least in part on one or more outputs of output block 680 of process 610.
As explained with respect to the method 410 of FIG. 4, an implicit function can be obtained for carrying out, for example, the interpolation. For example, an implicit modeling approach may include the representation of surfaces as iso-values of a volume attribute (for example, an implicit function). For example, such a volume attribute may be referred to as "thickness proportion" (e.g., volumetric fill in space). For example, an implicit function may correspond to an age of formations and, for example, such an implicit function may be integrated and interpolated into a tetrahedral volumetric fill grid (for example, structured, unstructured). for example, a method may include constructing a tetrahedral mesh to carry and interpolate an implicit function. For example, a three-dimensional border constrained Delaunay mesh generator can be implemented, for example, with constraints such as fault-based constraints on considered horizons where such flaws can be accounted for as internal boundaries during mesh generation, for example, where some edge faces of a tetrahedron may correspond to fault geometries in a resulting mesh. Since an implicit function can be defined and interpolated on nodes of a tetrahedral mesh, the density of the mesh, and therefore the spatial resolution of an implicit function, can be controlled, for example, to understand a higher density in a shell at, near or around various data and / or various faults (for example, to maximize the degree of freedom of interpolation at or near various data and / or various faults). For example, a mesh matching process may include producing tetrahedra that have higher vertical resolution than their regional resolution (for example, to better capture thickness variations in the overlay). For example, a resulting mesh (for example, a constructed mesh) may be unstructured.
By way of example, a method may comprise the interpolation of the values of an implicit function on nodes of a tetrahedral mesh. For example, an interpolation process may include the use of a linear least squares formulation, which may tend to minimize the mismatch between interpretation data and interpolated surfaces and to minimize variations in dip and thick layers.
By way of example, a method may comprise the generation of surfaces representing individual horizons modeled implicitly. In such an example, since the specific value of the implicit function associated with each of the individual horizons may be known, a method may include the use of an iso-surfacing algorithm. For example, the resolution of a resultant surface or surfaces may be greater than or equal to a local resolution of a tetrahedral mesh around sample points (eg, which may be user controllable) .
For example, a method may include a volume modeling approach that generates a coherent area model (for example, a model of interpreted geologic layers). For example, such a zone model may include an individual geological layer that can be viewed as an interval of values of an implicit function. In such an example, given its value of the implicit function, a method can determine which layer an arbitrary point belongs to, in particular where such arbitrary points correspond to nodes of a mesh supporting the implicit function.
By way of example, edges of a tetrahedral mesh can intersect geological layer boundaries. In such an example, the construction of such intersection points may have been calculated where they correspond to the nodes of the triangulated surfaces representing horizons. As a result, zones can be constructed by cutting the borders of the tetrahedral mesh by some iso-surfaces of the implicit function.
By way of example, a method may include cutting a volume to produce areas that are sets of tetrahedrons. For example, a method may include cutting volume borders to produce areas that are sets of triangulated parcels. As for the latter, he can understand the cutting of volume borders by iso-outlines. As indicated, one or more implicit functions can be formulated to determine iso-surfaces and / or iso-contours that should not intersect with each other.
By way of example, a volume modeling approach may be less sensitive to the complexity of a fault network and may provide concordant horizons belonging to a common concordant sequence (for example, which can be modeled simultaneously ). As for the latter, by the use of an implicit approach (for example, by the representation of sets of concordant horizons by several iso-values of a common implicit attribute), the approach can avoid crossing concordant horizons. .
By way of example, a volume modeling approach can produce concordant horizons that constrain the geometry of other concordant horizons that belong to a common sequence, which itself can be constrained by the geometry. For example, a volume modeling approach can be applied in scenarios where data is sparse, for example, consider data from wellheads, two-dimensional sections, and so on. For example, one or more surfaces can be modeled using seismic data and, for example, broadly adapted using wellhead data.
By way of example, a volume modeling approach may include outputting the geometry of a horizon as well as volume attribute values, which may be defined in a volume of interest and which, for example, represent a stratigraphic age, or a relative chronostratigraphic age of a formation (or formations).
By way of example, the method 410 of FIG. 4 can comprise an output of one or more models (for example a mesh or meshes, etc.) that take into account various characteristics of a geological environment, for example, where the model or output models are a volume fill (for example, "sealed" or "sealed").
By way of example, a method can be implemented to create a reservoir model on the basis of "concordant sequence concordant sequence", for example, where surfaces belonging to a common concordant sequence can be interpolated simultaneously. . For example, a method may include iteratively editing the topology of a volume mesh, for example, to control the magnitude of volume in which interpolation is performed and the continuity of an interpolated implicit function. For example, a method may include producing a lamination that is consistent with a geologic deposit style in one or more eroded areas.
By way of example, a method may comprise the construction of a bottom mesh, for example, where the background volume mesh covers a volume of interest (VOI), which itself may be a size sufficient to understand horizons to model.
[00120] Figure 7 shows an example of a mesh 710 which can be volumetrically filled, for example, with a tetrahedron. In the example of FIG. 7, the mesh 710 is also represented with volume attribute values. In the example of Figure 7, the volume attribute values may be displayed or represented relative to a periodic color scale, for example, where the volume attribute or "property" may increase autonomously ( for example, corresponding to the values of a monotonic implicit function). For example, each "period" of the periodic scale may correspond to a layer in a series of layers defined by input horizons. In such an example, an individual horizon may be concordant to another individual horizon in a common sequence.
FIG. 8 represents a volume 810 which corresponds to the mesh 710 of FIG. 7, however, without lines indicating mesh elements (for example, mesh cells, etc.). In the example of Figure 8, eight portions (portions 1-8) are shown as an example for explanation purposes. For example, in these portions, a periodic scale may be repeated as indicated by white and black hatching: 821-1, 822-1, 823-1, 824-1,825-1, 821-2, 822-2, 822- 3, 824-2, etc. As indicated, the scale can represent values of an implicit function. For example, a scale can be illustrated using one or more colors, one or more shades, rainbow patterns, etc.
With reference again to FIG. 7, the tetrahedral background mesh 710 also represents an implicit function represented by a periodic scale (for example, black and white, in color, etc.) that can be interpolated in the mesh. background. As mentioned, Figure 8 also represents volume 810 without the mesh lines to better illustrate an example of a periodic scale for an implicit function.
By way of example, a method may comprise the construction of a mesh which comprises subsets of its facets which correspond (for example, in a general sense) to the elements of the mesh representing one or more faults. In such an example, the facets can approach, in the background mesh, the geometry of a network of faults. For example, a mesh may include elements with a shape and size that are specified to be appropriate for an interpolation process (eg, shape, size, etc. may be specified according to one or more characteristics an interpolation process).
By way of example, a mesh may be considered as an initial mesh (for example, or another early stage mesh) which may not include one or more internal borders, for example, which represent one or more discrepancies. .
By way of example, a method may comprise the identification of one or more concordant sequences. In such an example, an identification process may include identifying a set of concordant sequences of a geologic type of stratigraphic horizons, for example, produced by an operator of the system. For example, consider one or more definitions obtained with respect to Figure 3 where: (a) an erosion may be a discrepancy that is consistent with one or more immediately newer horizons (for example, without the gaps in the geological record) and inconsistent with one or more older horizons; (b) a base overlap may be a mismatch that is consistent with one or more immediately older horizons (for example, without the gaps in the geologic record) and inconsistent with one or more newer horizons; and (c) a discontinuity may be a discrepancy that is neither consistent with one or more older horizons nor with one or more recent ones. For example, a concordant horizon may be assumed to be concordant with at least one adjacent later horizon and at least one adjacent older horizon.
With definitions for a given stratigraphic sequence that includes concordant horizons and mismatches, it is possible to divide the sequence into subsets of matching sequences, for example, when an individual horizon (e.g., matching or discordance) belongs to a single concordant sequence. For example, consider the following rules: (a) an erosion is the oldest horizon to be modeled in the concordant sequence to which it belongs; (b) a basic overlap is the most recent horizon to be modeled in the concordant sequence to which it belongs; and (c) a discontinuity is modeled alone in its "own" matched sequence, which may be, in such a case, a matching sequence that is degenerate to a single surface.
Through the use of these rules, a matching sequence produced may comprise a set of horizons that are concordant with each other, for example, meaning that they have no contact with each other and do not intersect with each other. In such an example, an individual matching sequence can be modeled with a unique default function. For example, a one for one match can exist between matching sequences and implicit functions.
By way of example, a method may include editing a mesh (for example, a background mesh). For example, an editing process may prepare a mesh for the interpolation of an implicit function for modeling a given matching sequence in the mesh. As an example, consider a subvolume process that can create subvolumes in a meshed interest volume (VOI). For example, subvolumes may first be created from the subvolumes of a background mesh used to model an earlier matching sequence; Note that where a matching sequence is a first matched sequence, such a process may, by definition, have no prior matching sequence and may be created directly. By way of example, a sub-volume process may comprise the division of the sub-volumes into one or more discrepancies that can link a previously modeled matching sequence.
A subvolume process may be implemented, for example, in a manner that avoids numerical instabilities where a feature may be an iso-surface of a scalar property field defined in the considered subvolumes. . In such an example, geometric intersections between mesh elements of the feature (for example, which may be triangles or other formed faces) and mesh elements of the subvolumes (for example, which may be tetrahedra or other volumes), may be, for example, of one of two kinds: (i) a node of a triangle resting on an edge of a tetrahedron; or (ii) a node of a collocated triangle with a node of a tetrahedron. Such an approach can, for example, facilitate the computation of one or more geometric intersections.
By way of example, an identification process may comprise the identification of one or more subvolumes as corresponding to a matching sequence. For example, where a previously modeled mismatch is modeled by a volume of interest and includes a maximum regional extension, it can intersect the volume of interest in a way that divides the volume of interest into sub-volumes such as for example, two subsets of new subvolumes. For example, a subset of new subvolumes may be for a sequence older than a discrepancy while another subset of subvolumes may be for a more recent sequence than the discrepancy.
By way of example, a method may include calculating relative ages by taking an average value of an implicit function that has been used to model a discrepancy in a sub-volume and comparing it to a value of one. iso-surface that represents the discrepancy. For example, an iso-surface can be defined with a scale that corresponds to age. For example, depending on the order in which concordant sequences are modeled (for example, from the most recent to the oldest or oldest to most recent), one of the two subsets of the new sub-volumes can be to be selected and considered for processing a next matched sequence. For example, a periodic scale can be implemented to facilitate the display of an implicit function (for example with respect to one or more characteristics in a sequence).
As for the interpolation of an implicit function corresponding to a concordant sequence, by way of example, its distribution may be discontinuous on one or more internal borders of a bottom mesh and may continue elsewhere (see, for example , Figures 7 and 8). For example, the interpolation can be performed in one or more subsets of a background mesh that has been created and identified as corresponding to a "current" matching sequence. For example, data points that are included in this or these subvolumes can be taken into account to constrain an interpolation of an implicit function. For example, once an interpolation process has been performed to produce values for an implicit function, implicit horizons of the "current" matching sequence can be transformed into explicit surfaces using a or several isosurfacing algorithms.
FIG. 9 represents an example of a method 910 that includes a provision block 940 for providing a mesh of a geological environment that includes matching sequences and a mismatch (or discrepancies); an interpolation block 950 for interpolating an implicit function defined with respect to the mesh to produce values for the implicit function; and an identification block 960 for identifying an iso-surface based on a portion of values where the iso-surface represents the discrepancy, for example, as residing between two of the matching sequences.
By way of example, the provision block 940 may comprise the supply of the mesh, the reception of the mesh, the construction of the mesh, the editing of the mesh, etc. based at least in part on the receipt of an input from an input block 912 and an input from a match / mismatch block 914. By way of example, the concordance / discordance block 914 can provide the definition of one or more unconformities in a mesh, for example, with respect to one or more concordant sequences. For example, the concordance / discordance block 914 may produce data associated with a discrepancy, for example, where the data is represented as values, points, etc. in a mesh.
By way of example, the interpolation block 950 may comprise the reception of one or more implicit functions by an implicit function block 922 and comprise the reception of one or more constraints by a constraint block 924. For example, an implicit function (or implicit functions) can be constrained by one or more constraints. For example, when a mesh comprises nodes, one or more constraints can be defined with respect to a part of these nodes. In such an example, a linear system of equations can be formulated and solved, for example, as part of an interpolation process to communicate values to an implicit function (eg, or implicit functions).
By way of example, the identification block 960 can comprise the reception of one or more algorithms, for example, to form given values of iso-surfaces in a region or regions such that a region or regions of a mesh. For example, an algorithm may receive as input values associated with an implicit function and then define iso-surfaces for at least some of these values. For example, an iso-surface may correspond to a horizon, a discrepancy, etc. By way of example, a series of iso-surfaces may correspond to a matching sequence, for example, where the matching sequence is at least partially linked by a mismatch, which may be represented as an iso-surface.
In the example of FIG. 9, the method 910 may comprise a block 970 for carrying out one or more additional actions. For example, a model block 972 can predict the output of a model based at least in part on the identified iso-area where such a model can be used to model one or more associated physical phenomena. to a geological environment (for example, including one or more processes applied to the environment such as injection, production, etc.). By way of example, the block 970 may comprise a fractionation block 974 for the fractionation or subdivision of a mesh based at least in part on an identified iso-surface. For example, when the iso-surface corresponds to a mismatch, a mesh can be split into meshes based at least in part on this iso-surface (for example, to form a first mesh and a second mesh where the mismatch can belong to one of the first mesh or the second mesh). By way of example, the block 970 may comprise a fault block 976 for the introduction of one or more faults, for the activation of one or more faults, for the deactivation of one or more faults, etc.
By way of example, the method 910 may comprise a provision block 980 to produce an updated mesh (for example, receiving an updated mesh through the execution of a process or process). For example, when the splitting occurs by splitting block 974, a mesh can be updated and communicated to interpolation block 950 for further processing (for example, interpolation block 950 can receive an updated mesh or meshes discounted). By way of example, the concordance / discordance block 914 can produce an input for updating a mesh. For example, when a mesh has been split into a first mesh and a second mesh according to a first discordance, one of the first mesh and the second mesh can be processed more, for example, using the data, etc. associated with another discrepancy. In the example of FIG. 9, the method 910 may execute iteratively, for example, by loop to modify a mesh (for example, whether it is an initial supplied mesh, a subsequent mesh resulting from a splitting, etc. ) and to interpolate one or more implicit functions with respect to a modified mesh.
The method 910 is shown in FIG. 9 in association with various computer readable media (CRM) blocks 913, 915, 923, 925, 933, 941, 951, 961, 971, 973, 975, 977, and 981. Such blocks generally include appropriate instructions for execution by one or more processors (or cores) for controlling a device or computer system to perform one or more actions. While various blocks are represented, a single medium may be configured with instructions to allow, at least in part, the execution of various actions of the method 910. For example, a computer readable medium (CRM) may be a computer-readable storage medium. By way of example, the blocks 913, 915, 923, 925, 933, 941, 951, 961, 971, 973, 975, 977 and 981 can be obtained as one or more modules, for example, such as one or more modules 407 of the system 401 of FIG.
By way of example, a geological environment can be characterized with respect to sedimentary processions. For example, consider a sedimentary procession as a sequence subdivision that includes one or more sedimentary units that may differ geometrically from another sedimentary procession. For example, seismic data may be processed to estimate one or more boundaries that may define, at least in part, a sedimentary procession.
By way of example, different sedimentary processions may represent different phases of eustatic changes. Eutasia relates to the level of the sea and its variations. For example, eustatic changes may involve changes in sea level, which may result, for example, from tectonic plate movements that alter the volume of an ocean basin, climatic effects on the volume of water stored in the ocean. glaciers / ice caps, etc. Eutasia can influence shoreline positions and sedimentation processes, with the interpretation of eustasia being a useful aspect of sequence stratigraphy.
By way of example, a low level sedimentary train (LST) can develop during periods of relatively low level of the sea; a high-level sedimentary procession can develop during periods of high sea level; and a transgressive sedimentary procession (TST) can develop at periods of sea level change.
A low level sedimentary procession (LST) may be a sedimentary procession covering a sequence boundary (SB) and covered by a transgressive surface (TS). A low-level sedimentary procession (LST) may be characterized by a set of progradational and aggradational para-sequences. For example, a low level sedimentary procession (LST) may be a basin bottom cone, a slope cone, a low level corner, and so on.
A high level sedimentary procession (HST) may be a sedimentary train bounded below by a progradation bevel surface (DS) and above by a sequence boundary (SB). A high-level sedimentary procession (HST) may be characterized by a set of progradational aggradational sequences.
By way of example, a method can provide for the automatic detection of sedimentary processions. For example, consider a process that involves obtaining a defined three-dimensional stratigraphic function (for example, as a type of implicit function); automatic detection of a plateau break; and on the basis of one or more predefined rules (eg, aggradation, progradation, retrogradation, forced regression, etc.), characterization of the behavior of plateau failure (for example, where the process may be able to identify one or more sedimentary processions).
FIG. 10 represents an example of a method 1010 which comprises a reception block 1014 for the reception of a defined stratigraphic function, a detection block 1018 for the detection of a plateau break, a characterization block 1022 for the characterization of the plateau break and an identification block 1026 for the identification of at least one procession (for example, a sedimentary procession).
[00146] Figure 10 also shows an example of a sequence 1040, schematically as a section of a third-order sequence with its various sedimentary processions (LST, TST and HST). As shown, a plot of sea level versus geologic time can be defined by segments over time so that an LST segment progresses to a TST segment, which progresses to an HST segment where segments can be delimited by transition points (for example, anchor points, etc.).
As another example, a third order sequence may comprise a sedimentary order with respect to the geologic time as follows: (i) a formation of sequence boundary and sedimentary procession / low level deposit cone (by For example, the eustatic fall velocity exceeds the subsidence rate, the sea level falls at the plateau break, a plateau is exposed, incised, a cut canyon, perched-slope deltas and submarine cones are deposited); (ii) a low-level sedimentary / sedimentation procession (eg, eustatic fall velocity decreases, stagnates, and slowly increases, submarine sedimentation ceases, incised valleys are filled with coarse grains , estuarine sandstones or channels of low sinuosity in response to rising sea level, shale-favorable wedges with thin, fine-grained turbidite forms on the slope, and then progradation bevels at the top of the cone submarine); (iii) a sedimentation of transgressive sedimentary processions (for example, the rate of increase is at its maximum, during brief slowdowns in the rate of increase, prograding para-sequences (fourth-order sequences), but overall they 'stack in a form of retrogradation, a section rich in organic matter (condensed) back on the plateau, river systems can move from a braided shape to a sinuous shape); and (iv) sediment sedimentation at a high level (for example, the rate of sea level rise is at a minimum, in the latter high level it falls slowly, sedimentation rates exceed the rate of rise of the sea level, causing para-sequences to be built towards the basin in sets of agarational to progradational para-sequences, para-sequences form propagation wedges in the condensed section).
[00148] The method 1010 is shown in FIG. 10 in association with various computer readable media (CRM) blocks 1015, 1019, 1023, and 1027. Such blocks generally include appropriate instructions for execution by one or more multiple processors (or cores) for controlling a device or a computer system to perform one or more actions. While various blocks are shown, a single medium may be configured with instructions to allow, at least in part, various actions of the method 1010 to be performed. For example, a computer readable medium (CRM) may be a storage medium readable by a computer. By way of example, the blocks 1015, 1019, 1023, and 1027 can be obtained as one or more modules, for example, such as the module or other modules 407 of the system 401 of FIG. 4.
By way of example, a method may include receiving the information to identify one or more sequence boundaries. For example, a method may include identifying one or more boundaries of sequences.
By way of example, a plateau break may be a continental shelf break, for example, an area at a rim of a continent from a shoreline. For example, consider a ledge at a depth of at least 200 meters where a continental slope begins.
[00151] FIG. 11 represents example graphs 1110, 1130 and 1150 with respect to the separation identification of sedimentary processions, for example, where the identification can be based in part on data such as drilling report. In Figure 11, Figure 1110 shows an example of a downshift scenario with a well and an example of a corresponding drill report. Figure 1130 shows an example of an aggradation scenario with a well and an example of a corresponding drill report. Chart 1150 is an example of a well-progradation scenario and an example of a corresponding drill report.
By way of example, the retrogradation can be characterized by the accumulation of sequences by sedimentation in which beds are deposited successively to the lands, for example, where the sediment supply can be limited and unable to fill. available housing. For example, the position of a shore may migrate back to the earth, a process called transgression, during downshift episodes.
By way of example, the aggradation can be characterized by an accumulation of stratigraphic sedimentation sequences which stack beds on top of each other, for example, building up during periods of equilibrium between an offer of sediment and housing.
By way of example, the progradation can be characterized by the accumulation of sequences by sedimentation in which beds are deposited successively to the basin, for example, where the supply of sediment exceeds the housing. For example, the position of a shoreline may migrate into a basin during progradation episodes (eg, regression).
[00155] FIG. 12 represents an example of a graph 1200 with respect to a sequence stratigraphic identification. For example, a method may include obtaining an implicit function and identifying one or more sequence boundaries. Chart 1200 represents examples of certain types of sequence boundaries, one or more HSTs, a transgressive sedimentary procession (TST), a continental margin bevel, a low level cone, a low level bevel etc.
For example, a process stream may include one or more manual processes, semi-automated processes, and / or automated processes, for example, to facilitate interpretations of one or more subsurface environments. For example, a process stream may allow a user to isolate a matching surface corresponding to a certain geological age, for example, by selecting a constant in a "relative geologic time" cube. For example, a processing flow may include further analysis of one or more of these cubes for sequence stratigraphy analysis. Geologically, the relative variation of the base sea level can impact a sedimentary environment, a form of facies distribution and, for example, a reservoir quality in one or more stratigraphic zones.
By way of example, a method can provide for the allocation of stratigraphic sedimentary processions in multiple dimensions, for example, with an ability to interactively modify results (for example, intermediate results, etc.). For example, a processing flow may allow manual, semi-automated and / or automated calibration processes as corrective actions. For example, consider a processing flow that automatically assigns processions and interactively includes the adaptation of one or more processions where the automatic calculation deviates from an acceptable result.
By way of example, a method may comprise the collection and incorporation of a logic of identification of sedimentary processions in a manner that may allow automated zoning of one or more interesting volumes (VOI).
[00159] Referring again to Figure 11, some examples of sedimentary trends are illustrated, in particular progradation, aggradation and retrogradation. In an environment, one or more combinations of these trends can produce a form of stacking.
[00160] For example, "sedimentary processions" can refer to a behavior of a shore. For example, consider shore behaviors characterized as regressive normal, regressive forced and transgressive. As mentioned in Figure 12, sedimentary processions may include, for example, a low level sedimentary procession (LST), a high level sedimentary procession (HST), a transgressive sedimentary procession (TST), and a sedimentary procession. in a state of falling (FSST).
[00161] The example 1200 stratigraphy of FIG. 12 is based on sea level information indicating that sea level has fluctuated during the Phanerozoic with a variety of cycle orders. For example, consider the following cycle orders: first-order cycles that last 200 to 400 million years related to changes in ocean basin volume caused by continental dispersion and collision; second-order cycles as evidenced by the six stratigraphic sequences bounded by unconformity in Phanerozoic rocks of North America extending from 10 to 100 million years, caused by changes in the volume of ocean ridges , related to changes in gauge velocities; third-order cycles with durations of about 1 to about 10 million years, of about 2.5 million years in duration; and fourth and fifth order cycles of about 500 ka to 200 ka and about 200 ka to 10 ky documented in Phanerozoic periods in both shallow and pelagic strata.
By way of example, tidal cycles may be evident as local sedimentary cycles noted in rock recordings that may be related to ocean tides and lakes generated by orbital cycles of the earth-sun system. -Moon. Such cycles can have periods ranging from day to year.
In a two-dimensional stratigraphy 1200 of FIG. 12, the plateau break can be represented as a point of inflection closest to the shoreline of the spatial derivative of a given "sigmoid" stratigraphic layer interface; note that in three dimensions, 11 can be represented as a multiple z surface. For example, a detection technique may include calculating the inflection points associated with iso-stratigraphic (two-dimensional) lines and / or (three-dimensional) surfaces, which may be represented at least in part through one or more iso-values of implicit functions (for example stratigraphic functions).
FIG. 13 represents an example of a method 1310 which comprises a calculation block 1314 for calculating a plateau break (for example, lines, surfaces, etc.), an identification block 1318 for the identification of a relevant variation in sea level, an allocation block 1322 for the assignment of one or more sedimentary processions (eg, based on a configuration, etc.), a block 1326 optional edition for editing one or more sedimentary processions (for example, a boundary, a type, etc.), and an allocation block 1330 for assigning one or more interfaces of sedimentary processions .
As for the calculation block 1314, by way of example, it can comprise an algorithm that can determine a first inflection point of a first-order spatial derivative (for example, a bell shape) of a filtered stratigraphic function kx / ky (for example, let us also consider a second-order derivative where the points of inflection correspond to a formulation such as the function "(x, y, z, age) = 0). By way of example, the calculation block 1314 may comprise the determination of a maximum stratigraphic thickness for a given stratigraphic range. For example, the calculation block 1314 may include rendering information on a display. For example, consider rendering a plateau break line, a plateau break surface, and so on. on a display, optionally in combination with data such as, for example, seismic data and / or information derived at least in part from seismic data (eg, one or more seismic attributes, etc.).
By way of example, a curve may be characterized by segments of relatively short straight lines near a point of inflection, note that the radius of curvature of a straight line approaches infinity and that the radius of curvature at points of inflection also approaches infinity. For example, a method may include computing one or more geometric properties that may be based on, directly or indirectly, a radius of curvature.
By way of example, the curvature can be defined as a change in the angle of a tangent divided by a change in an arc length, it should be noted that the magnitude of curvature can be estimated by the magnitude of a second derivative of a parameterization of a curve at a specific point. A curvature, defined in a three-dimensional space, can be a measure of how a curve "bends" at a single point, which can be characterized as a rate of change of an angle formed between a tangent and the curve while the tangent is drawn on the curve.
By way of example, a method may include calculating a radius of curvature, for example, as the absolute value of an arc length differential along a curve (for example, ds). and an angle of a tangent (for example, Θ). For example, the radius of curvature can be determined using the following equation: p = | ds / d0 |.
By way of example, the radius of curvature can be defined in terms of derivatives of a curve, for example, consider the following equation: p = [(fx2 + fy2) 3/2] / [fxxfy2- By way of example, a method may include calculating one or more radii of curvature and determining whether a center of a radius of curvature is on the land side or the water-side a plateau break. For example, a method may include analyzing one or more radii of curvature with respect to a dimensional parameter, which may act to characterize types of phenomena associated with a geologic environment. For example, downshifting, aggradation, and progradation may have particular scales of radii of curvature (see, for example, the plateau disruption of rendering 1600 of FIG. 16).
[00171] An inflection point can be defined as a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature (for example, the concavity) changes. Inflection points can be stationary points. For example, for the curve y = x3, the point x = 0 is a point of inflection. For example, a first derivative analysis may be applied to identify one or more inflection points, and for example, to distinguish inflection points from the extremes. In such an example, the first derivative analysis can be applied to a differentiable function. For example, a function can be defined in one or more dimensions (for example, (f (x), f (x, y), f (x, y, z), etc.). for example, a function can be an implicit function such as, for example, a stratigraphic function.
By way of example, an analysis may include the calculation of one or more other derivatives. For example, consider a second derivative analysis as, for example, a condition for x to be a point of inflection can be f "(x) = 0 (for example, to note that multiple dimensions in space and / or or time can be considered). For example, a sufficient condition can be f "(x + epsilon) and f" (x-epsilon) must have opposite signs in the neighborhood of x.
By way of example, an implicit function (for example, a stratigraphic function) can be received as associated with a geological environment and analyzed through calculations of one or more derivatives to produce inflection points. . By way of example, these inflection points may correspond to a plateau break. An analysis can be performed to calculate the inflection points that form a surface, for example, a plateau break surface that covers a geologic time. When an implicit function is parsed for inflection points, values of the implicit function may correspond to a relative geologic time. For example, a plateau break surface may cover a range of values of an implicit function, which, for example, may correspond to a relative geologic time.
By way of example, a method may optionally comprise the calculation of information concerning a slope failure. For example, the plateau break may concern inflection points between a plateau and a slope profile with sedimentary sequence boundaries, whereas a slope break may concern points of inflection between a slope and a basin bottom part of a profile. In such a context, the plateau break may mark the downward dip limit of an underwater erosion produced by the loss of housing during the relative falls in sea level and the rise in the slope may be a vertical distance between plateau failure and slope failure, while the inclined plane of the slope is the horizontal distance. For example, the rise and incline of the slope can be analyzed as a development and distribution of deep-water deposits in geological records.
By way of example, a plateau break can occur within a continental margin (for example, a continental shelf breaks) or, for example, coincides with a continental margin (for example, the continental shelf breaks). For example, an epicontinental plateau break may have a relatively short slope incline where a coeval plateau and a slope break are at a distance of the order of a kilometer. For example, relatively small seaway floor cones may develop in epicontinental contexts when the slope rise begins to exceed a distance of about 150 meters. For example, a plateau break may have an inclined plane of relatively long slope and a marked rise in slope.
By way of example, a method may comprise the differentiation of epicontinental plateau breaks (for example, characterized by slopes with short inclined planes) of continental shelf breaks (for example, characterized by slopes with planes). long inclined), for example, to explain and / or predict the development and distribution of deep-water deposits in the geological record.
As for the kx / ky filtering, by way of example, it can comprise a low frequency filtering which can attenuate a surface wave noise, for example, by means of a wave number filtering in X and Y dimensions on low frequency ranges. Such a filter can be implemented for data in the field of shooting and can be applied to cross devices in an azimuth mode. Such filtering can help to decrease bottom rolls and other linear sounds of shots. A kx / ky filtering algorithm may include one or more transforms, for example, to transform data to a frequency-wavenumber domain. Frequency-dependent mixing of adjacent traces can be performed in the wavenumber domain for a specific range of frequencies where mixing may depend, for example, on speed, frequency range, and numbers. X and Y waves. Such an algorithm can then include returning filtered data to a spatio-temporal domain.
As for the identification block 1318, by way of example, it can produce a surface that has been deposited horizontally, for example, a paleo-horizontal surface. In such an example, the surface may be assigned to a top set of a sigmoidal layer. By way of example, the identification block 1318 may comprise the grouping of one or more phases according to one or more classification criteria. For example, consider a grouping of phases according to one or more criteria of progradation, aggradation, retrogradation and regression. For example, the identification block may include generating data that may be used to render a plot such as a relative eustasy plot relative to a relative geological age of a stratigraphic function (e.g. as an attribute of a surface as a plateau break surface).
As for the allocation block 1322, for example, it can assign one or more sedimentary processions on the basis of one or more configurations. For example, a distinction can be made between an LST and an HST based at least in part on one or more event endings. For example, consider that the LST is associated with an eroding aggradation bevel (sequence boundary, SB); HST being associated with no aggradation bevel or in a fore-beach or on a "discontinuous" plateau breaking surface.
[00180] As for the 1326 edition block, for example, it can allow interactive editing of one or more sedimentary processions. For example, consider editing a border and / or type. For example, the interactive edition may include rendering a visual representation of a plateau break on a display and obtaining an interactive visual indication on a seismic section. For example, an editing feature (for example, an editing tool) may allow the stretching and / or contraction of an eustatic curve with respect to one or more geological ages. For example, consider the change of a relative eustasis plot relative to the relative geological age of a stratigraphic function. For example, an editing function (for example, an editing tool) may allow the displacement of one or more anchors with respect to an eustatic curve, a relative eustasy plot, and so on. For example, consider moving one or more anchors from an HST anchor, an FSST anchor, an LST anchor, and an TST anchor.
As for the allocation block 1330, for example, it may include the allocation of one or more interfaces of sedimentary processions. For example, consider the allocation of a minimum injection area (MFS) based at least in part on information about a TST going to an HST and / or assigning a sequence boundary (SB) to the basis at least in part of information concerning a LST going to a TST. For example, allocation block 1330 can rely on a rule and / or other knowledge. For example, in a maximum basin deposition area, a sequence boundary (SB) may include a correlation that correlates with an erosion discrepancy on a basin margin. In such an example, the concordances and discrepancies can be identified and analyzed by making one or more interface assignments.
By way of example, the allocation block 1330 can follow the allocation block 1322, for example, without modifying by the editing block 1326. By way of example, the method 1310 can optionally be automated and / or semi-automated. For example, an automated method may include receiving the information and outputting information about one or more assignments (for example, by the grant block 1322 and / or the grant block 1330).
By way of example, the method 1310 may optionally comprise one or more additional blocks. For example, consider a petroleum system analysis block that can receive as input information about sedimentary processions and / or interfaces to them. For example, certain types of hydrocarbon traps may be associated with a particular sedimentary procession. For example, the identification of a high-level, low-level or transgressive sedimentary procession and specific sedimentary environments within each can help predict a possible reservoir, rock cover, and a charging system for one or more potential traps.
By way of example, a method may include outputting information about one or more sedimentary processions based at least in part on a plateau break calculated from an implicit function or implicit functions. . For example, a sedimentary procession may be a subdivision of a sea-level cycle as a sedimentary phase, which may assist in the construction of a paleogeographic map (for example, one or more for a procession). sedimentary). Such a map can help predict reservoir and cover rock and, for example, delineate likely migration avenues. For example, a relatively high resolution age model can be constructed and used to correlate and calibrate one or more sedimentary sequences. Given such an age model and stratigraphic thicknesses, the rock accumulation rates of the individual cycles can be calculated and, for example, a thermal history of the individual maximum deposition zones can be reconstructed.
By way of example, a method may comprise outputting an order of a cycle or the phase of a cycle represented by a petrographic sequence, for example, to predict the location. and the type of reservoir and rock cover and the location of potential source rocks.
The method 1310 is shown in Fig. 13 in association with various computer readable media blocks (CRMs) 1315, 1319, 1323, 1327, and 1331. These blocks generally include adequate instructions for execution by one or more multiple processors (or cores) for controlling a device or a computer system to perform one or more actions. While various blocks are shown, a single medium may be configured with instructions to allow, at least in part, the various actions of the method 1310 to be performed. For example, a computer readable medium (CRM) may be a storage medium readable by a computer. By way of example, the blocks 1315, 1319, 1323, 1327 and 1331 can be obtained as one or more modules, for example as one or more modules 407 of the system 401 of FIG.
By way of example, a method such as the method 1310 of FIG. 13 can be executed using iso-values of an implicit function (for example, optionally as a stratigraphic function).
[00188] FIG. 14 shows examples of perspectives of a subsurface environment, for example, as elevation times ranging from the oldest (lower left) to the most recent (upper right) where time progresses. from rendering 1410 to rendering 1420, rendering 1430, and rendering 1440. In renders 1410, 1420, 1430, and 1440, a calculated plateau break is illustrated as a series of lines, which collectively can form a surface (for example, a plateau break surface).
By way of example, the method 1310 can comprise the calculation, by the calculation block 1314, of a surface representing, in three dimensions, a plateau break, which can be achieved for multiple stratigraphic layers. For example, a plateau break may mark a break between a continental shelf and an open sea environment. For example, the calculation block 1314 may consider that a continental carryover can be represented as a point d 'closest inflection of a spatial derivative of a given interface of' sigmoidal 'stratigraphic layers. In a three-dimensional space, a plateau break can be represented as a multiple z-area; Note that where tectonic faults exist that may have altered continuity of the stratigraphic layers, the structural restoration (eg, un-flawed, etc.) may be applied (for example, before calculating a plateau break).
Referring again to FIG. 14, perspective renderings 1410, 1420, 1430 and 1440 illustrate the spatial variation of a plateau break with respect to an onshore observation point which may, for example, characterize the extension of a plateau break. For example, Rendings 1410, 1420, 1430, and 1440 form a series that can illustrate the evolution of a shelf break off a continent (for example, the Westralian Basin of Australia). For example, the evolution of the plateau break can be correlated with a relative change in sea level. For example, a process may include the calculation of a plateau break on the basis of a combination between subsidence and eustasia.
By way of example, a method may comprise the correction of the geomorphological evolution of a subsurface, for example, to establish in particular the rise or the relative fall of the level of the sea. By way of example, a "top set" of each sigmoid event can be used locally as a repository for a paleohorizontal surface.
By way of example, a slice through a model perpendicular to a plateau break line can be used to extract the evolution of the plateau break in time, for example, with the following transform:
Shelf_break_evolution (x, y, [Progradation; Aggradation; Retrogradation; Regression]) ->
Shelf_break_evolution (A, RGT) [00193] In this example, a method may comprise the distinction between different types of "gradation" and a "littoral direction", where the latter may be specified by an "upper set" assignment.
By way of example, a method may comprise the use of a processed curve and a configuration attributing one or more parts of one or more cycles to sedimentary processions. In this example, the process can "paint" intervals corresponding to specific sedimentary processes on a "three-dimensional plateau break surface".
By way of example, a method may comprise one or more algorithms, criteria, and so on. to differentiate an LST from an HST, for example, involving a study of reflector terminations. Referring to Fig. 12, consider an LST aggradation bevel on a "base" surface (for example, an erosion surface conforming to the compact below) together with the "shape" of a breaking function. plateau. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the latter may have a "discontinuous" behavior (for example, oriented towards the sea) between an HST and the following LST.
By way of example, a method may comprise associating the boundaries of corresponding sedimentary processions with isovalue intervals of a three-dimensional stratigraphic volume (for example, an implicit function volume) and rendering (for example , painting, etc.) sedimentary processions in the information of a volume of interest.
FIG. 15 shows example traces 1510, 1520 and 1530 with a eustatic curve block 1515, a stretch or compression block 1525 and an anchor movement block 1535, respectively. As mentioned, the search areas can be assigned and illustrated with respect to a eustatic curve such as, for example, the eustatic curve of plot 1510, which is illustrated relative to relative geologic time. As mentioned with respect to the 1326 editing block 1326 of Fig. 13, the editing may include stretching or compression as indicated on the drawing 1520 by the stretching or compression block 1525 and / or the editing may include the movement of one or more anchors as shown on plot 1530 by the anchor movement block 1535. For example, one or more editions may be made by the fit to the results, which may be for example, automatically calculated results. For example, an adjustment may be used to calibrate the results with one or more geological models.
By way of example, a method may include selecting one or more configurations, for example, consider selecting one or more configurations to define different sedimentary search areas. Such an approach may provide flexibility that may require a process to manage different sedimentary environments (eg, high-water turbiditic overlying channels, coastal plain deposition, etc.). The plot 1510 of Figure 15 may be considered as one of several models that may be adequate based on knowledge of sedimentary environments. Again, plot 1510 of Figure 15 illustrates sedimentary search areas divided according to relative changes in sea level where the divisions can be indicated by one or more anchors.
By way of example, a method may comprise the interactive adaptation of a model, for example to calibrate the model locally with a background amplitude volume. For example, plots 1510, 1520, and 1530 of Figure 15 can be illustrated with respect to the implicit function values. For example, consider a rainbow of colors (for example, or rainbows of colors) that represents implicit function values with the relative geologic time dimension.
On the lines 1510, 1520 and 1530 of FIG. 15, the plot 1510 can be considered as being a template / stratigraphic pattern of sequence which has been linked to a stratigraphic function so that the points on the curve of fall / rise "have an abscissa corresponding to a value of the stratigraphic function (for example, a value of an implicit function). By the stretching or contraction block 1525, the stretching and / or the contraction of the model can have, as an effect, respectively lowering and / or increasing the frequency of alternation of the various sedimentary processions, for example by making them thinner and / or thicker, respectively. For example, the individual adaptation of the interface on the fall / rise curve between two sedimentary processions can act to position the corresponding stratigraphic layer boundary on different seismic events. Such an approach may allow refinement and correlation work.
By way of example, an editing tool can produce an ability to "insert" intermediate "drop / raise" cycles (for example or partial cycles), for example, in the case where an automatic extraction a plateau break function can not capture a high order sequence. For example, an editing tool can produce an ability to "pull out" intermediate "drop / raise" cycles (for example, or partial cycles), for example, in the case where an automatic extraction of a plateau break may have captured noises (for example, rather than significant data).
By way of example, the allocation block 1330 of the method 1310 of FIG. 13 can comprise the allocation of one or more interfaces between sedimentary processions where such interfaces can define stratigraphic surfaces of specific sequences such as one or more of a maximum injection area (MFS), a transgressive surface (TS) and a sequence border (SB). Such surfaces can be used for petroleum system analysis. For example, maximum injection surfaces may record transgression or maximum injection times of a plateau and distinct transgressive and high-level sedimentary processes. In such an example, the latter can be characterized by the presence of radioactive schists and often rich in organic matter, glaucony and hard bottoms, and therefore may coincide with a source rock; note that transgressive sands can be considered as good reservoirs.
By way of example, a method may include the use of a sedimentary processional volume as part of one or more facies modeling processing streams. In such an example, sedimentary processional information can enrich the results and, for example, constrain the results to stratigraphic sequence concepts.
FIG. 16 represents an example of a rendering 1600 of seismic data and information of sedimentary processions. The rendering 1600 is a two-dimensional section of the subsurface environment illustrated in the example renderings 1410, 1420, 1430 and 1440 of Fig. 14. As shown in Fig. 16, the plateau break can be characterized with respect to sedimentary processions and phenomena such as, for example, one or more periods of retrogradation, aggradation and progradation.
[00205] FIG. 17 represents an example of a rendering 1700 which is based at least in part on the information of the rendering 1600 of FIG. 16. In the rendering 1700, various sedimentary processions are attributed (for example, TST, HST and LST) with a minimum injection area (MFS) and a sequence border area (SB). As mentioned, this information can be used in one or more processing streams. For example, consider a petroleum system process flow that uses this information to help identify one or more types of rocks, structures, and so on. which can be associated with tank formation, etc.
By way of example, a treatment flow may comprise the analysis of a sedimentary history. For example, variation in the lateral extent of seismic features can be analyzed in chronostratigraphic order. As an example, a Wheeler representation of information (for example, in a Wheeler space or a Wheeler domain) can be generated to illustrate the migration of a sedimentary source material and, for example, to reveal the sedimentary history based on the overlay placement on an axis over time. For example, an analysis of seismic stratigraphy and borehole geology (eg drilling reports) can provide insight into the distribution of facies (for example, consistent with the interpretation of orientation and drilling stratification).
For example, a process stream may include analyzing information about a geological environment where the information may include information such as seismic information and, for example, drill report information. In such an example, the processing flow may include removing the fault formation (eg, and one or more other deformations) to correlate at least a portion of the seismic information to sedimentary units in one or more horizontal stratigraphic sequences.
By way of example, a method may include constructing an automatic reconstruction model. For example, a method may include transforming the information into a Wheeler space (e.g., or a Wheeler domain) and transforming the information from a Wheeler space (e.g. Wheeler). For example, a process flow may comprise the construction of a model and may include the transformation of information. For example, a processing flow may include editing information in this area and transforming that information after editing.
By way of example, a method may comprise the request for a calculation of attributes dependent on the dip. For example, a stratigraphic function may represent the dip which may be based at least in part on user-interpreted manual inputs as well as on a global dip estimation field. In such an example, the uncertainty on the dip field derived from the stratigraphic function can be used as a guide for one or more attribute calculations, for example, one or more calculations that can benefit from dip correction to improve the results (for example, curvature, variance, etc.).
By way of example, a method may include the use of a stratigraphic function for modeling properties. For example, a stratigraphic function can produce a high resolution structural model of a subsurface volume characterized by a seismic survey area and a depth of acquisition. In such an example, the latter can be increased, for example, to a desired resolution, and used to create a space suitable for modeling properties. For example, tracking an iso-value of a stratigraphic function can give a surface in space representing a deformed paleotopography (see deformed by tectonics and subsidence). For example, when a method includes receiving property values in the space (for example, as coming from one or more reports), one or more values intersecting a stratigraphic function iso-value can be used as inputs for interpolation (for example, using an existing property modeling algorithm). Such an example can operate in a simulation box space (for example, a Cartesian space x, y, T, etc.) and, for example, can be back-correlated to a corresponding iso-value of the stratigraphic function. For example, an approach may provide for the deactivation of one or more constraints related to a physically-constructed Cartesian space x, y, T (for example, a pillar grid, etc.). [00211] By way of example a method may include generating an implicit function as part of a processing flow such as, for example, a processing flow realized at least in part through a volume-based structural software infrastructure. .
In such an example, the method may include receiving the dip information such as, for example, a dip attribute that may be a seismic "constant dip" attribute cube. For example, the method can process the dip information in combination with the implicit function to increase the information resolution, for example, beyond the resolution of the implicit function. Such a method may, for example, generate a local "flexion" stratigraphic function of a "relative age cube" and "shaping" a seismic reflector topology thereon.
By way of example, a method can be applied to one or more of a variety of geometries. For example, consider shallow geometries that may have some deformations and deeper geometries that may have more deformations.
By way of example, a method may comprise the reception of implicit function values at the nodes of a coarse mesh of a region of interest in a geological environment; the receipt of data; the formulation of constraints based at least in part on the data; the resolution of a system of equations for a finer mesh subjected to constraints; and the output of the implicit function values at the nodes of the finer mesh based at least in part on the resolution of the system of equations. Such a method may include solving the system of equations for residual values.
By way of example, a method may include interpolating the implicit function values at the nodes of a coarse mesh to produce interpolated implicit function values at the nodes of a finer mesh. In such an example, a method may include adding interpolated residual values and interpolated function values (eg, to output high resolution implicit function values).
By way of example, a method may include the use of at least one processor to solve a system of equations. For example, the default function values at the nodes of a finer mesh can be stratigraphic function values.
By way of example, a method may include calculating a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on the implicit function values associated with the geological environment; the identification of sea-level variations with respect to geological time for plateau failure; and assigning at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations. In such an example, the method may include assigning a type of interface at a sedimentary processional interface that includes said sedimentary procession.
By way of example, in one method, the identification may comprise the plot of relative eustasis relative to the relative geological age of at least a portion of the implicit function values, for example, consider a scenario where a plateau break includes a surface that corresponds to a geologic time period.
By way of example, a method may comprise the calculation of the values derived from the implicit function values (for example, in the context of the calculation) and, for example, the determination of the inflection points on the basis at least partly derived values.
By way of example, a method may comprise calculating at least one radius of curvature based at least in part on the implicit function values.
By way of example, a method may comprise rendering a visualization of at least one sedimentary procession on a display. For example, a method may use a computing device that includes at least one processor and a memory where the information stored in the memory can be rendered on a display via at least one processor (for example, a core, cores, CPU, GPU, etc.). For example, a graphical user interface may provide for interaction with a visualization rendered on a display, for example, to adapt a view, to adapt one or more parameters (for example, parameters of variations in the level of the display). sea, etc.), calculate one or more values, divide a geological environment into one or more parts, etc.
By way of example, a method may comprise the editing of sea level variations with respect to the geological time for a plateau break. For example, consider the edition which includes the stretching of sea-level changes with respect to geological time, the edition which includes the compression of sea-level variations with respect to geological time, and / or the edition that includes the adaptation of at least one sedimentary cortege anchorage relative to the geological time. For example, a method that includes editing may include rendering a graphical user interface on a display for interactive editing of a plot of sea level changes relative to geologic time. In such an example, the graphical user interface may include a plurality of commands that function according to the receipt of the instructions by a computing device (for example, consider one or more instructions received via a mouse, a touch of a touch screen, a stylus of a digitizer, a voice through a microphone, etc.).
By way of example, a method may comprise the automatic identification of sea level variations with respect to the geological time for a continental carryover and, for example, the automatic allocation of at least one sedimentary procession to a geological environment based at least in part on changes in sea level.
By way of example, a method may comprise the editing of sea level variations with respect to geological time for a geological environment and the automatic realization of the attribution of at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on changed sea level changes.
By way of example, a method may include calculating a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on the implicit function values associated with the geological environment where the calculation may comprise the using at least one processor (for example, a computing device, a computer system, etc.).
By way of example, a system may comprise a processor; a memory operatively coupled to the processor; and one or more modules that include instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor for controlling the system where the instructions may include instructions for: calculating a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on the values of implicit function associated with the geological environment; identify changes in sea level relative to geologic time for plateau failure; and allocate at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations. In such an example, the system may include an editing module for interactively modifying changes in the level of the sea level. sea in relation to geological time.
By way of example, one or more computer readable storage media that include computer executable instructions for controlling a computing device may include instructions for: calculating a plateau break for a geological environment on the basis of at least in part implicit function values associated with the geological environment; identify changes in sea level relative to geologic time for plateau failure; and assign at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea-level variations. In such an example, instructions may be included to interactively modify sea-level changes relative to the sea level. geological time.
FIG. 18 shows the components of an example of a computer system 1800 and an example of a networked system 1810. The system 1800 comprises one or more processors 1802, memory components and / or storage 1804, one or more input and / or output devices 1806 and a bus 1808. In an exemplary embodiment, the instructions may be stored in one or more computer-readable media (e.g., memory components). / storage 1804). These instructions may be read by one or more processors (e.g., processor (s) 1802) via a communication bus (e.g., bus 1808), which may be wired or wireless. One or more processors can execute these instructions to implement (completely or in part) one or more attributes (for example, as part of a process). A user can view the result from an I / O device and interact with the process through it (e.g., device 1806). In one exemplary embodiment, a computer readable medium may be a storage component such as a physical memory storage device, for example, a chip, a chip on a housing, a memory card, and so on. (For example, a storage medium readable by a non-transitory computer and different from a carrier wave).
In one exemplary embodiment, the components may be distributed, as in the network system 1810. The network system 1810 comprises the components 1822-1, 1822-2, 1822-3. . . 1822-N. For example, the components 1822-1 may comprise the processor (s) 1802 while the component (s) 1822-3 may comprise a memory accessible by the processor (s) 1802. In addition, the component (s) 1802-2 may comprise a device I / O for display and optionally interaction with a process. The network can be the Internet, an intranet, a cellular network, a satellite network, etc. or understand these.
By way of example, a device may be a mobile device that includes one or more network interfaces for the communication of information. For example, a mobile device may include a wireless network interface (e.g., operational through IEEE 802.11, GSM ETSI, BLUETOOTH®, satellite, etc.). By way of example, a mobile device may comprise components such as a main processor, a memory, a display, a graphic display circuitry (for example, optionally including tactile and gesture circuitry), a SIM housing. , audio / video circuitry, motion processing circuitry (e.g. accelerometer, gyroscope), wireless LAN circuitry, chip card circuitry, transceiver circuitry, GPS circuitry, and a battery. For example, a mobile device can be configured as a cell phone, tablet, etc. For example, a method may be implemented (for example, completely or in part) using a mobile device. For example, a system may include one or more mobile devices.
For example, a system may be a distributed environment, for example, a so-called "cloud computing" environment where various devices, various components, and so on. interact for data storage, communications, computing, etc. For example, a device or system may include one or more components for communicating information via one or more of the Internet (for example, where communication occurs through one or more Internet protocols), a cellular network, a satellite network, etc. For example, a method may be implemented in a distributed environment (for example, wholly or partly as a cloud service).
By way of example, the information can be input from a display (for example, consider a touch screen, digitizer, etc.), outputs on a display, or both. For example, the information can be output on a projector, a laser device, a printer, etc. so that the information can be viewed. For example, the information can be output stereographically or holographically. As for a printer, consider a two-dimensional printer or a three-dimensional printer. For example, a three-dimensional printer may include one or more substances that can be output to construct a three-dimensional object. For example, the data may be communicated to a three-dimensional printer to construct a three-dimensional representation of a subterranean formation. For example, layers can be built in three-dimensional (eg, horizons, etc.), geological bodies built in three-dimensional, and so on. For example, wells, fractures, etc. can be built in three-dimensional (for example, as positive structures, as negative structures, etc.).
Although only a few exemplary embodiments have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be within the scope of this description as defined in the following claims. In the claims, the more average function clauses are intended to encompass the structures currently described as performing the enumerated function and not only the structural equivalents, but also the equivalent structures. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail uses a cylindrical surface to fix together pieces of wood, whereas a screw uses a helical surface, in the environment of fixing the pieces of wood, a nail and a screw can be equivalent structures.

权利要求:
Claims (19)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
A method (1310) for assigning at least one sedimentary procession to a geological environment, the method comprising: calculating (1314) a plateau break for a geological environment based at least in part on implicit function values associated therewith the geological environment; an identification (1318) of changes in sea level with respect to geological time for plateau breakage; and assigning (1322) at least one sedimentary procession to the geologic environment based at least in part on sea level changes.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2. Method according to claim 1 comprising an assignment of a type of interface to a sedimentary process interface which comprises said at least one sedimentary procession.
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
The method of claim 1 wherein the identification comprises a plot of a relative eustasis relative to a relative geological age of at least a portion of the implicit function values.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
The method of claim 3 wherein the plateau break comprises a surface that corresponds to a geologic time period.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
The method of claim 1 wherein the calculating comprises calculating values derived from the implicit function values.
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
The method of claim 5 including determining inflection points based at least in part on the derived values.
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
The method of claim 1 including calculating at least one radius of curvature based at least in part on the implicit function values.
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. The method of claim 1 comprising rendering a visualization of said sedimentary procession on a display.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. The method of claim 1 further comprising an edit of sea level variations with respect to geologic time for plateau failure.
[10" id="c-fr-0010]
The method of claim 9 wherein the editing comprises stretching of sea level variations relative to geologic time.
[11" id="c-fr-0011]
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the editing comprises a contraction of sea level variations with respect to geological time.
[12" id="c-fr-0012]
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the editing comprises an adaptation of at least one sedimentary cortege anchorage relative to the geological time.
[13" id="c-fr-0013]
The method of claim 9 including rendering a graphical user interface on a display for interactive editing of a plot of sea level changes relative to geologic time.
[14" id="c-fr-0014]
The method of claim 1 comprising automatically identifying sea level variations with respect to geologic time for plateau failure; and automatically assigning at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations.
[15" id="c-fr-0015]
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising an edition of the sea level variations with respect to the geological time and an automatic execution of the allocation.
[16" id="c-fr-0016]
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the calculation comprises a use of at least one processor.
[17" id="c-fr-0017]
A system (401) for assigning at least one sedimentary procession to a geological environment, the system comprising: a processor (403); a memory (404) operatively coupled to the processor; and one or more modules (407) that include instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor for controlling the system wherein the instructions include instructions for: calculating (1315) a plateau break for a geological environment on the basis of less in part of implicit function values associated with the geological environment; identifying (1319) sea-level variations with respect to geologic time for plateau failure; and assigning (1323) at least one sedimentary procession to the geological environment based at least in part on sea level variations.
[18" id="c-fr-0018]
The system of claim 17 further comprising an editing module for interactively modifying sea level variations with respect to geologic time.
[19" id="c-fr-0019]
A computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on one or more computer readable media for performing the steps of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 when said computer program is executed. on a computing device.

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2017-02-03| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170203 |

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2017-07-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2018-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

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2021-06-11| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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FR1557286A|FR3039679B1|2015-07-30|2015-07-30|ASSIGNMENT OF SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES|

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FR1557286|2015-07-30|FR1557286A| FR3039679B1|2015-07-30|2015-07-30|ASSIGNMENT OF SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES|

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EP16742216.1A| EP3329307A1|2015-07-30|2016-07-14|Assignment of systems tracts|

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US15/747,114| US11209560B2|2015-07-30|2016-07-14|Assignment of systems tracts|

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PCT/EP2016/066823| WO2017016895A1|2015-07-30|2016-07-14|Assignment of systems tracts|