• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an aircraft (1) with a rotary wing equipped with an electrical installation (8) comprising at least one thermal cell (10) for supplying at least one consumer equipment (9) with electrical energy. Technical specifications of the thermal battery (10) provide: a useful power to supply said consumer equipment, between 20 Watts and 200 kilowatts, a ramp-up time of between 3 seconds and 30 seconds, a low operating time of useful supply of a predetermined amount of electrical energy between 10 seconds and 180 seconds. The invention applies in particular to aircraft (1) with rotary wings.
    公开号:FR3039518A1
    申请号:FR1501643
    申请日:2015-07-31
    公开日:2017-02-03
    发明作者:Matthieu Connaulte
    申请人:Airbus Helicopters SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the technical field of electrical installations for rotary wing aircraft. More specifically, the invention relates to the storage of energy for such electrical installations.
    A rotary wing aircraft is conventionally provided with at least one main rotor to ensure its lift or propulsion and generally a rear anti-torque rotor in particular to oppose the yaw torque exerted by the main rotor on the fuselage of the aircraft or also to control yaw movements of the aircraft.
    In order to drive in rotation the main rotor and the rear rotor, the aircraft comprises a power plant which may include one or more heat engines.
    It should be noted that throughout the text is meant by "heat engine" the turbine engines or all the piston engines that can be used in such a power plant. The expression "heat engine" is to oppose the term "electric motor" qualifying engines driven by an electric power.
    Moreover, in the general field of electrical energy storage, the thermal batteries are known.
    Thus, document EP1059134 describes thermal batteries which are thus mainly used in the aeronautics and space industry or in emergency and emergency systems that require a reliable source of reserve energy, for example in the nuclear, oil and gas industry. , building. Thermal batteries are non-rechargeable batteries, inert before they are primed, which can be stored without maintenance for sometimes more than 20 years while remaining usable at any time with a response time sometimes less than a few tenths of a second. Thermal batteries are gaining in use in all areas where reliable energy is needed immediately, even after a very long storage time. These thermal stacks incorporate a metal powder, for example a prepared iron powder which has a spongy and filamentous structure. This powder is used in heating compositions for thermal batteries.
    Various documents propose to integrate one or more thermal stacks in the energy storage of a rotary wing aircraft.
    The document FR2994687 describes an assistance of a rotary wing aircraft pilot during an autorotation flight phase. The aircraft comprises a hybrid power plant equipped with a heat engine, at least one electric machine and a main gearbox. An on-board electrical power storage includes for example a capacitor capable of providing a large power in a limited time of super-capacitance type, a thermal battery that requires a heat input to provide power, or a rechargeable battery. The main rotor is driven, in flight, at a nominal rotational speed by the hybrid power plant, that is to say composed of at least one engine and at least one electric motor, so that during a step of monitoring in flight a monitoring parameter is measured in order to detect a possible failure of the engine. When a failure is detected, the electric motor is commanded to provide auxiliary power to the main rotor, thus making it possible to assist the pilot during an autorotation flight consecutive to the breakdown, making possible an additional margin of maneuver for the pilot. aircraft.
    The document FR2997382 describes a flight control of the operation of thermal engines of a rotary wing aircraft, through an electronic control unit EECU, in order to detect a possible engine failure. A heat engine is considered out of order when at least one other heat engine implements emergency powers. The monitoring determines a monitoring value of a parameter of the aircraft and a threshold of detection of total power deficit. Then a comparison of the monitoring value with the detection threshold identifies a risk of total power deficit. This deficit appears as soon as at least one engine must provide a power greater than a predetermined power. A command occurs if a failure is detected with the threshold exceeded, so that sufficient auxiliary power is provided to maneuver the aircraft safely, e.g. with each engine not providing power greater than the predetermined power. For example, the storage means comprises at least one rechargeable battery, a thermal battery or a super-capacitor.
    It could also be advantageous to employ one or more thermal batteries for rotary wing motor installations, such as that of document FR2952907. The power plant is provided with a single thermal power engine and a gearbox (BTP) capable of driving the rotary wing and a gearbox rear (BTA) capable of driving an anti-torque rotor. The installation comprises a first electric motor mechanically linked to the main gearbox and a second electric motor mechanically linked to the rear gearbox (BTA).
    The document WO2012059671 describes a helicopter equipped with two turbine engines and a regulation system. The two turboshaft engines are each equipped with a gas generator and a free turbine and means capable of activating the gas generator at the output of an over-idle regime. Rotating drive means, gas generator acceleration means and quasi-instantaneous firing means are provided in the architecture. These are complementary to an emergency mechanical assistance device with an on-board autonomous power source. The firing with almost instantaneous effect is planned according to the conditions and phases of flight of the helicopter according to a mission profile, for example during transient regimes or in case of engine failure used by reactivating the other engine . For example when an oversized turbine engine used in operation alone during cruise flight phases fails, another small engine is quickly reactivated via its emergency assistance device. The electrical equipment specific to this generator starts and accelerates it until its speed of rotation is in a window of ignition of the chamber then, once the chamber lit, the gas generator is accelerated again classically. In over-idle mode in the off chamber, a complementary firing of the combustion chamber, that is to say in addition to a conventional firing, can be triggered.
    From the foregoing, it appears that it would be useful for the improvement of the power plants, and with a specification of a reasonable thermal battery (s), to make available sufficient useful power for flight conditions and flight phases. which may occur in some missions.
    In addition, it may be interesting to use one or more thermal batteries for other aircraft equipment on rotary wing aircraft, than the motor installations, but the storage of electrical energy is one of the main obstacles to electrification. of these aircraft
    More generally, the use of electrical energy for rotary wing aircraft provides several advantages, particularly in terms of reserve power supply in certain critical flight phases such as engine failure or situations. during which the maintenance of emergency functions increases the safety of the aircraft.
    In addition, the tightening of flight safety, pollutant emission and noise reduction standards favors this type of energy. Similarly, for on-board equipment such as flight controls, it is increasingly common to use electrical devices, for reasons of simplification of design and maintenance, mass and congestion, in particular.
    As a result, the electrification of rotary wing aircraft incorporating thermal batteries is promising.
    However, the batteries are heavy or very heavy if a large amount of electrical energy must be stored, and super-capacity can provide a significant amount of electrical power for a very limited time.
    Although the thermal cells are single-use and have a limited duration of operation after activation, their integration seems favorable for certain applications in the field of rotary wing aircraft.
    In practice, however, several technical problems arise when one or more heat cells are integrated into the energy storage of a rotary wing aircraft.
    Thus, the integration of thermal batteries with the energy storage of a rotary wing aircraft involves a thermal protection that allows the maintenance of these batteries in a temperature range ensuring an optimal supply of energy at the right time, while avoiding that the structures associated with the energy storage of the aircraft are likely to be exposed to excessive heating. For example, composite materials that are increasingly present in these aircraft have optimal mechanical properties below certain temperatures.
    For example, thermal cells generally comprise triggering devices in general pyrotechnic, which are implemented electrically during the activation of the batteries. It is therefore necessary to control the temperature rises due to these devices.
    Also, the temperature control of the thermal cells must be able to maintain these cells in a relatively limited temperature range during each expected supply period, so that appropriate amounts of energy can be available at the appropriate time.
    Moreover, before activation, the batteries have a very significant electrical resistance which is measured in megohms. On the other hand, after activation, the batteries have a minimal resistance which is measured in tenths of an ohm.
    In an electrical circuit comprising an energy storage system, it is common to use energy converters comprising capacitive-type current filtering stages. It then occurs, at the start of the storage device, a strong call of electric current that charges these capabilities may degrade certain elements of the electrical circuit, including power contactors. It is then necessary to use a dedicated pre-charge circuit, comprising a contactor and a series resistor, in order to limit the overcalling of calls. These additional circuits weigh down the onboard electrical installation, make it more complex and have a significant cost. The use of a thermal battery avoids the power contactor and the pre-charge circuit because the current is limited automatically during activation by the internal resistance of the battery which decreases continuously and slowly enough .
    A technical problem posed by the integration of thermal stacks with rotary wing aircraft is to be able to determine the specifications involving these thermal stacks in a simple, accurate and no extra cost or overweight harmful to the aircraft as a whole.
    Thus, in the case of integration of thermal batteries with a rotary wing aircraft, the prior calculation of the time values of implementation of the thermal batteries, their duration of contribution and the power values of these piles, is complex but partly conditions the interest of this integration.
    It is pointed out that the invention is not limited to the provision of emergency power for the engine, but also meets the needs of emergency power for the maintenance of backup functions in the aircraft.
    In the same vein, the anticipation of the reactivity parameters of the thermal cells to be integrated into a rotary wing aircraft is essential, and these parameters must be chosen with precision from the design of the aircraft. Thus, for effective integration of batteries with a rotary wing aircraft, it is necessary to detail useful power values and precise time intervals.
    In addition, integration of thermal batteries with a rotary wing aircraft involves determining the duration of detection of the energy requirements to be met by these batteries, the duration of the batteries, their duration necessary to provide sufficient power, and the response times of equipment powered by thermal batteries. These times are complex to anticipate accurately because this implies to consider from the design of the aircraft many and varied data, specific to the operation and the various operating environments of the aircraft.
    In this context, whatever the means of storing the electrical energy, the amount of available electrical energy is limited while the mass of this means of storing the electrical energy can be significant.
    In this way, the performance gain that could be obtained using the use of one or more thermal batteries within the power plant of an aircraft faces several limitations, specific to these batteries but also related to storage electrical energy. For example, it is necessary to find a balance between the performance gain of the electrical installation and the increase in mass generated by the use of these storage means of the electrical energy necessary for the desired operation of the aircraft.
    For this purpose, an object of the invention is a method for configuring a rotary wing aircraft, this rotary wing aircraft integrating an electrical installation and electrical energy consuming equipment, this electrical installation comprising at least one thermal stack. and being able to deliver on demand a predetermined quantity of electrical energy to at least one consumer equipment;
    According to one embodiment, the configuration method comprises at least one step of defining technical specifications of said at least one thermal stack and the electrical installation, in operational, structural and layout terms within the rotary wing aircraft. , these technical specifications comprising: a useful power to be supplied by said at least one thermal cell as a function of the quantity of electrical energy to be delivered by the electrical installation for at least said consumer equipment, this useful power being predetermined between 20 Watts and 200 kilowatts, - a period of time for ramping up said at least one thermal stack, to at least the predetermined amount of electrical energy, this time being between a few tenths of seconds and 3 seconds - a availability time in which said consumer equipment does not require energy but said oins a thermal stack remains hot for use at any time, this availability time being between 10 and 300 seconds, and. an operating time of useful supply of the predetermined quantity of electrical energy to at least said consumer equipment by said at least one thermal battery, this operating time being up to the duration of availability, as a function of the power delivered. .
    According to one embodiment, the step of defining technical specifications comprises at least one routine for maximizing the amount of useful power supplied PCharge (t) as a function of time t during the activation of said at least one thermal stack, this routine maximizing means controlling an impedance matching electrical operation of said at least one consumer or load equipment, the maximization routine providing that said at least one thermal stack is equivalent, according to a Thévenin conversion model, to a linear looped electrical circuit, to which the resistance Rpne of the battery is applied in series and the resistance RCharge of the equipment, an electromotive force FEMpne of the battery, an intensity lPjie (t) of the electric current and a charging electric voltage UCharge (t) of the equipment, this maximization routine determining a value of the charging voltage Ucharge (t) which cancels the derivative:
    so that the charging voltage UCharge (t) is reached when the resistor RCharge of the equipment equals the resistor Rpne of the source battery. According to the invention, the maximization routine adapts said charging voltage UCharge (t) to obtain:
    According to one embodiment, the method comprises an evaluation rule, after activation, of the quantity of electrical energy available from said at least one thermal stack during its operation, on the basis of the initial energy in the Einitiaie stack, the maximum power demanded Pmax, the time of
    operation Tf0nctionnement.max to the power Pmax, limited for example according to at least one thermal value, which are obtained during the step of definition of technical specifications, and from a moment of activation measured tactivation of the beginning of the activation, of a current instant tCOurure measured and of a current power delivered Pdeiivree (t) measured at the current instant tCOurant. such as:
    Said rule for evaluating the quantity of electrical energy available during the operation of said at least one thermal cell, provides a percentage value T% of energy at the current instant tCOurizing from the remaining energy Erestante in the battery. This remaining energy Estante is obtained by derivation of the initial energy Emmaie in the stack, derived from the moment of activation measured tactivation at the current instant tCOurante for a delivered power Pdéivrée (t) at this current instant tCOurant, where P delivery (t) = charge (current) charge (current) and according to the following formula:
    Then, from the Erestante energy, said evaluation rule determines the time "Power Trestant" as a function of the power P which is the power measured at the current instant tCOurant and an operating time® TnOnctionnement. max "to maximum power that is specific to the battery as dimensioned. Therefore, said valuation rule calculates the value T% of the energy, from the following formula
    so that the T% value of the energy is:
    According to one embodiment, the method comprises an impedance reduction control law. The technology of said at least one thermal cell is such that upon activation, the internal resistance of this thermal cell gradually decreases. In fact, the salts of the electrolyte gradually become liquid while heating and allow the passage of a current of increasing importance towards the electrical installation. In one embodiment, the impedance reduction control law is implemented for example by an electrical control arrangement integrated with the rotary wing aircraft.
    According to this impedance reduction control law, the electrical control arrangement scans the internal resistance during the resistance decrease period which is between 100 ms and 3 seconds. This law makes it possible to verify that the electric current of call of a power electronics of the converter of the electrical installation is suitable. Therefore, this installation does not include a pre-charge resistor to limit function of this inrush current.
    According to one embodiment, the method comprises a procedure for thermal monitoring of said at least one thermal stack and a thermal protection procedure for maintaining said at least one thermal stack in a temperature range ensuring optimal supply of energy while avoiding that the structures of the rotary wing aircraft, related to said at least one thermal stack, are exposed to heating between 80 ° C and 110 ° C.
    According to one embodiment, the method is implemented for at least one consumer device chosen from at least one of the following list: motor installation, in particular with at least one motor
    thermal system, rotary wing aircraft electrical power system, aircraft security system, aircraft flight assistance system, aircraft pilot emergency information system.
    According to one embodiment, the method is implemented for at least one electric power assisting system of a pilot of the rotary wing aircraft, during an autorotation flight phase, said electric motorization system being powered by an electrical energy storage system, said motorization system being integrated in a hybrid power plant provided with said electric motorization system and at least one heat engine, the rotary wing aircraft comprising a main power transmission gearbox, said on-board electrical energy storage system being electrically connected to said at least one thermal battery, the rotary wing aircraft having a main rotor which is driven in flight at a nominal rotational speed by the hybrid power plant , so that during a flight monitoring step at least one monitoring parameter is measured in order to detect r a possible thermal engine failure, so that if a failure is detected, said electric drive system is controlled to provide an auxiliary power for rotating the main rotor, thereby assisting the pilot during a flight in autorotation following said failure.
    In this way, the flight range of an aircraft can be extended and the phase of flight in autorotation secured by the use of the method according to the invention, for example by allowing the restrictions related to a single-engine aircraft can be reduced .
    Another object of the invention is a rotary wing aircraft capable of being configured according to the method mentioned above.
    According to one embodiment, said at least one thermal cell is integrated into the electrical installation of the aircraft and is housed in at least one thermal radiation protection partition and thermal anti-conduction confinement.
    According to one embodiment, at least one thermal anti-condensation confinement comprises a closed casing on a frame, with at least one thermal evacuation vent.
    According to one embodiment, at least one thermal cell is dedicated to a supply of low power electrical power, such that said useful power is between 20 Watts and 300 Watts.
    According to one embodiment, at least one thermal cell is dedicated to a supply of high power electrical power, such that said useful power is between 50 kilowatts and 200 kilowatts.
    According to one embodiment, at least one thermal cell is dedicated to a supply of electrical power for a power plant of the aircraft, such that said useful power is between 5 kilowatts and 25 kilowatts, and especially between 10 kilowatts and 20 kilowatts. The invention and its advantages will appear in more detail in the context of the following description with exemplary embodiments given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent: FIG. 1, an aircraft according to the invention, and, - Figure 2, a block diagram of the method according to the invention.
    The elements present in several separate figures are designated by a single reference.
    FIG. 1 describes an aircraft 1 with a rotary wing according to the invention.
    An aircraft 1 with rotary wing is provided with at least one main rotor 2 to ensure its lift or its propulsion and generally in the case of a helicopter of a rear rotor 3 in particular to oppose the yawing torque exerted by the main rotor 2 on the fuselage 4 of the aircraft 1 and also to make it possible to control yaw movements of the aircraft 1. In the case of aircraft 1 hybrid rotary wing, instead of a tail rotor, the Aircraft 1 according to the invention is equipped with fixed airfoils carrying at least one pair of thrusters that can replace an anti-torque rear rotor.
    In order to drive in rotation the main rotor 2 and, if appropriate, the rear rotor and / or thrusters, the aircraft comprises a powerplant 5 which may comprise one or more heat engines 6, powered by a fuel tank 7.
    It should be noted that the term "heat engine" means the turbine engines and / or the piston engines that can be used in such a power plant 5. The expression "heat engine" is here to oppose the expression "engine electric "qualifying engines powered by electric power.
    In Figure 1, the rotary wing aircraft 1 incorporates an electrical installation 8 and consumer equipment 9 of electrical energy. This electrical installation 8 comprises according to the invention at least one thermal stack 10 and is able to deliver on demand, a predetermined quantity of electrical energy to at least one consumer equipment 9.
    These consumer equipment 9 are, according to the embodiments of all or part of an electric drive system 11 of the power plant 5, an on-board safety system 12, an assistance system 13 for piloting the aircraft 1, an emergency information system 14 for an aircraft pilot, including a man-machine interface 15, typically with a visual display and transmitters of sound signals.
    In particular, in an embodiment where at least one consumer equipment 9 to be powered by at least one thermal battery 10, at least one consumer equipment 9 is all or part of a power plant 5 provided with one or more heat engines, one or more constituents of this or these heat engines forming said consumer equipment 9.
    In FIG. 1, it can be seen that the electric drive system 11 and the heat engine (s) 6 of the power plant 5 are mechanically connected to a main power transmission gearbox (BTP) referenced at 16.
    One or more heat cells 10 are therefore part of an electrical energy storage system 17 which is itself part of the electrical installation 8. The invention proposes the use of storage systems limited in number of cycles of use (1 to 100 charge / discharge cycles) and in particular for single use (non-rechargeable). This type of system 17 fully responds to the infrequent problem of power supply during critical phases such as the breakdown of a main engine of the aircraft 1. These systems 17 are optimized to ensure a high discharge rate: very important power for a short time.
    In short, a thermal battery 10 is a non-rechargeable battery, disposable, completely inert before activation. This is a battery for example lithium which produces an energy from a reactive electrochemical couple.
    Its operation is based on the activation of "cells", made by compression of powders, each comprising anode, electrolyte and cathode, supplemented with a heating pellet and a separator. The electrolyte, which constitutes the separating medium between the anode and the cathode, is generally solid. The set of cells is inert during the entire storage period of the battery 10.
    For each stack 10, the necessary number of "cells" is stacked to obtain the requested voltage. At the time of activation, the priming columns diffuse the calories in the cells, they rise in temperature, the electrolyte melts and the ion exchange can take place: the power of the battery 10 is thus available. After being collected, the electrical energy is transmitted through the grommet which ensures the passage of the electrical signal to the outside.
    Thermal cells 10 have the known advantages of forming a reserve energy source that can be stored for several years and available immediately. The thermal cells 10 are inert during their storage time, perfectly sealed, resistant to harsh environments.
    These thermal cells 10 can be activated within a few tenths of a second, even after years of storage. The thermal cells 10 are adapted to the particular needs and offer a specific power ratio (in Watts per Kg) of interest. Thermal batteries 10 are classified as non-explosive equipment by NATO and not pyrotechnic.
    Thermal cells 10 may be classically coupled with other elements within an electrical installation, in particular with sensors, conventional batteries, in particular for security applications.
    Referring now to Figure 2 in particular, a method of configuration 18 is described. This configuration method 18 applies to an aircraft 1 with a rotary wing such as that of FIG. 1.
    According to one embodiment, the method 18 comprises at least one definition step 19 of technical specifications 20 of said at least one thermal stack and of the electrical installation 8, in operational, structural and arrangement terms within the aircraft 1.
    In particular, these specifications comprise: a useful power 21 to be supplied by said at least one thermal cell as a function of the quantity of electrical energy to be delivered by the electrical installation 8 for at least said consumer equipment 9, this useful power 21 being predetermined between 20 watts and 200 kilowatts, - a time 22 rise of said at least one thermal stack, up to at least the predetermined amount of electrical energy, this time 22 being between 3 seconds and 30 seconds, a low operating time 23 of useful delivery of the predetermined amount of electrical energy to at least said consumer equipment 9, by said stack 10, the low time 23 being between 10 seconds and 180 seconds. a time of availability available at which said consumer equipment 9 does not require energy but said at least one thermal battery 10 remains hot for use at any time, this availability time being between 10 and 300 seconds, and - a operating time of useful supply of the predetermined quantity of electrical energy to at least said consumer equipment 9 by said at least one thermal cell 10, this operating time up to the duration of availability, depending on the power delivered .
    In fact, the operating time can be up to the duration of availability since if little power is employed, there still remains available energy that has been produced by said at least one thermal cell 10 and stored in the storage compartment. electrical installation 8, while said at least one thermal stack 10 is cold, that is to say inoperative after use. For example, there remains only a value of 30 seconds at the maximum power Pmax · Typically, a thermal cell 10 is heated to for example 600 ° C, then taking into account the insulation cools down to lose capacity of its thermal inertia
    For example, the useful power 21 is determined according to the mass of the aircraft 1 and its missions. Note that if we consider the power of an emergency information system 14 afferent, the power within this system 14 is only a few watts
    Examples of consumer equipment 9 include the electric drive system 11 of the power plant 5. Typically, these electric drive systems 11 require a high electrical power, in particular of the order of 50 to 200 kilowatts.
    According to one embodiment, at least one thermal cell 10 is dedicated to a supply of electrical power for the power plant 5 of the aircraft 1, such that said useful power is eg between 5 kilowatts and 25 kilowatts, and especially between 10 kilowatts and 20 kilowatts.
    For example, a supply of power to a gas generator can be performed with one or more thermal cells 10. Thus, the use of at least one thermal cell 10 can be interesting in a power plant 5 and for a generator of internal combustion turbine gas.
    In exemplary embodiments, this allows the use of at least one thermal cell 10, in particular during a fast idle or super slowed idle turbine restart, of power supply to the power plant when an engine of the It is solicited on high-power transient regimes such as OEI (One Engine Inoperative) for multi-engine aircraft 1, or in a phase of sudden power surge. Other examples of consumer equipment 9 include the embedded security system 12, such as emergency lighting (eg under 28 volts, 2 amperes) which require a low electrical power, in particular of the order of 50 watts, eg for 600 seconds. Thermal cells according to the invention can supply, if necessary, a backup horizon and / or its lighting, which also requires a low electrical power, in particular of the order of 50 Watts. Other examples of consumer equipment 9 include the assistance system 13 necessary for safe flight and landing, including a backup radio navigation (secondary horizon, rotor rotation rate, altitude, air speed, etc.) which requires in realizations a low electrical power of the order of 200 to 300 Watts and a backup radio communication, require that one or more thermal cells (s) 10 provided (ssen) t according to achievements a low electrical power of the order of 100 to 200 Watts, for a short time.
    In an embodiment according to the invention, the rotary wing aircraft 1 comprises at least one thermal cell 10 which is dedicated to a supply of low power electrical power, such that said useful power 21 is between 20 Watts and 300 Watts. One embodiment of the invention provides that the aircraft 1 comprises at least one thermal cell 10 which is dedicated to a supply of high power electrical power, such that said useful power 21 is then between 50 kilowatts and 200 kilowatts
    According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the definition step 19 and thus the method 18 comprise at least one maximization routine 24 of the amount of useful power supplied PCharge (t) as a function of time t, that is to say say the power 21, when activating the at least one battery 10. This routine 24 controls an electrical impedance matching operation of said at least one consumer equipment 9 also called load.
    It is understood that the maximization routine 24 is developed during a configuration of the aircraft 1 and is executed during the operation of this aircraft 1, when said at least one stack 10 is used.
    This maximizing routine 24 aims to provide the greatest possible energy as quickly as possible eg to the electric motor and therefore to the aircraft 1 to limit the power loss due to the engine failure, and thus improve the controllability and safety of the aircraft. flight. Therefore, the routine 24 provides that said stack 10 is equivalent, according to a Thévenin conversion model, to a looped linear electric circuit, to which the resistance RPj (e of the thermal stack 10 and the resistor RCoad of the equipment, an electromotive force FEMPiie of the battery 10, an intensity lPiie (t) of the electric current and an electric charge voltage UCharge (t) of the equipment 9.
    As a result, this routine 24 determines a value of the charge voltage UCharge (t) which cancels the derivative, ie the equation:
    In this way, the charging voltage Ucharge (t) is reached when the resistor Rcharge of the equipment 9 is equal to the resistance Rpiie of the battery 10 forming the source of said circuit.
    According to this routine example 24, the maximization adapts said charging voltage UCharge (t) to obtain:
    According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the aircraft 1 comprises an electric control arrangement 28. In one embodiment, this arrangement 28 comprises a device for triggering said at least one battery 10.
    For example, the triggering device comprises at least one mechanical igniter which is sensitive to the accelerations of the aircraft 1 greater than a trigger threshold value. When this triggering threshold is reached, the triggering device automatically activates said at least one battery 10.
    In another embodiment, the triggering device comprises at least one gyroscope, for example of the MEMS type, sensitive to the accelerations of the aircraft 1 greater than a trigger threshold value.
    Yet another embodiment provides that the trigger device comprises at least one voltage loss trigger sensitive to a voltage less than a threshold voltage value in the electrical installation. When this threshold voltage value is reached, the triggering device automatically activates said at least one battery 10.
    According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the method 18 comprises a rule for evaluating the quantity of electrical energy available after activation.
    It will be understood that the evaluation rule 25 is elaborated during a configuration of the aircraft 1 and is executed during the operation of this aircraft 1, when the said at least one stack 10 is used.
    This is the amount of electrical energy available after activation with the at least one battery 10 of the system 17.
    During the operation of said at least one thermal stack, the following real-time flight parameters of the following aircraft 1 are measured for example by a measuring device 26: the initial energy in the stack 10. the maximum power demanded Pmax, the available time Tdisponibie.max to this maximum requested power Pmax, the operating time Tf0nctionnement.max, limited by a value for example of at least one thermal sensor of the device 26, which are obtained during of the definition step 19 of the technical specifications, and, from: o a measured activation instant activation of the start of the activation, o a current tCOurure measured moment, and, o a power current delivered Pdeiivree (t) measured at the current instant tCOurant, such that:
    the evaluation rule 26 provides a percentage value T% of the energy, calculated as follows. Said rule for evaluating the quantity of electrical energy available during the operation of said at least one thermal cell, provides a percentage value T% of energy at the current instant tCOurizing from the remaining energy Erestante in the battery. This remaining energy Erestante is obtained by derivation of the initial Emmaie energy in the stack, derived from the moment of activation measured tactivation at the instant
    Cutting current pOUT Un6 ΘΠΘΓ0 | ΪΘ delivered P delivered (t) at this instant Current current. Where P delivers (t) = Uload (current) charge (current) Ot according to the following formula:
    Then, from the energy Estante, said evaluation rule determines the time "Tester at n..i" "anr" P "as a function of the power P which is the power measured at the current instant tCOurant and d a maximum power "TdiSponibie.max" time that is specific to said at least one thermal cell 10 as sized. Therefore, said evaluation rule 25 calculates the value T% of the energy, from the following formula:
    so that the T% value of the energy is:
    According to the embodiments, the power P is for example the current power delivered Pdeiivree (t) or the maximum power demand P max-
    It is understood that such a value T% is useful for the control of the aircraft 1, and can typically be provided e.g. by display on the man-machine interface 15, on demand and / or in emergency situation detected.
    It is understood that the calculation of T% can be calculated for any power value P, the time remaining at full power being limited by the duration of availability. In examples, an interesting value of T% is obtained when the power considered is Pmax.
    In embodiments of the aircraft 1, at least some of the data and values produced by the method according to the invention are made known to the pilot (s) of the aircraft, typically via his Human Machine Interface (HMI) 15. For example, the value T% is indicated visually by the interface 15, eg on a dial, indicator lights proportional to a value, at least one multi-color display respectively dedicated to a value.
    According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the method 18 also comprises an impedance reduction control law 27. The technology of the said at least one stack 10 is such that, upon activation, the internal resistance of the at least one stack 10 gradually decreases. Indeed, the salts of the electrolyte become gradually liquid by heating and allow the passage of an electric current increasingly important.
    According to one embodiment, the impedance reduction control law 27 is implemented for example by an electrical control arrangement 28 (FIG. 2), integrated into the aircraft 1.
    It is understood that the reduction control law 27 is developed during a configuration of the aircraft 1 and is executed during the operation of this aircraft 1, when said at least one stack 10 is used.
    According to this reduction control law 27, the electrical control arrangement 28 scans the internal resistance, during the resistance decrease time which is between 100 ms (milliseconds) and 3 seconds. This law 27 makes it possible to verify that the electric current of call of a power electronics of the converter of the electrical installation 8 is suitable. Therefore, this electrical installation 8 does not include a pre-charge resistor to limit function of this inrush current.
    According to the embodiment of Figure 2, the method 18 comprises a thermal monitoring procedure 30 of said at least one stack 10 and a thermal protection procedure 31 for maintaining said stack 10 in a predetermined temperature range. This range is predetermined in order to guarantee an optimal supply of electrical energy, while avoiding that structures of the aircraft 1 connected to the battery 10 are exposed to unacceptable or even deleterious heating.
    It is understood that these procedures 30 and 31 are developed during a configuration of the aircraft 1 and are executed during the operation of this aircraft 1, when said at least one stack 10 is used.
    This predetermined temperature range is between 80 ° C and 110 ° C, according to the example of Figure 2.
    It is noted that it is the technology of the thermal stack or piles 10 which imposes the main heat input. The dimensioning is used to heat the battery core to a temperature of up to 600 ° C.
    This heater is fast. Then the battery cools by itself (conduction / radiation). Below 450 ° C, the battery no longer works because the salts have become solid again. The battery insulation keeps the temperature at the core as long as possible, and also limits the temperature of the battery surface. It is also possible to put the battery in an additional container for isolating the battery from its environment and guide any gases emitted during a failure outside the aircraft, as described below. Moreover, according to the example of FIG. 1, said at least one battery 10 is integrated in the electrical installation 8 with at least one protective partition 32 against the thermal radiation produced by said at least one thermal cell 10 and / or in a thermal anti-conduction confinement 33. According to this embodiment, an anti-conduction confinement 33 comprises a closed envelope 34 arranged on an insulating frame 35, with at least one thermal evacuation vent 36.
    Typically, the partitioning 32 makes it possible to limit the impact of the temperature of each stack 10 on the other equipment of the installation 8.
    Furthermore, in one example, the vent 36 of the closed envelope 34 serves two functions in particular: - allow an air vent outside the stack 10 to limit the temperatures seen by an actuator igniter of each stack 10, typically from 80 ° C to 110 ° C, temperatures at which the igniter degrades; and allow evacuation of the gases resulting from a malfunction of each stack 10 in the envelope 34.
    According to one embodiment, the method 18 is implemented for at least one consumer equipment 9 chosen from at least the following list: electric motorization system of the aircraft 1 with rotary wing, security system of the aircraft 1 (for example : electric flight control emergency power supply), aircraft pilot assistance system 1, emergency information system for an aircraft pilot 1 (for example: emergency lighting, emergency horizon and radiocommunication equipment and radionavigation necessary for survival in case of loss of electrical generation).
    According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the method 18 is implemented for at least one electric power assisting system for a pilot of the rotary wing aircraft 1, during an autorotation flight phase. For example, the teaching of document FR2994687 mentioned above, is combined with the invention, by the integration of one or more batteries 10 to the electrical installation 8.
    As a result, said electric drive system 11 is powered by an electrical energy storage system 17. The electric motor 11 is then integrated into the hybrid-type power plant 5 with at least one heat engine 6.
    In FIG. 2, the method 18 comprises a step of monitoring in flight 29 that at least one monitoring parameter is measured, for example via the measuring device 26, in order to detect a possible failure of the engine 6.
    When a fault is detected, the electric drive system 11 is commanded either manually or automatically to provide an auxiliary power for driving in rotation to the main rotor 2. This auxiliary power makes it possible to assist the pilot during a flight in autorotation following the failure.
    In this way, the flight range of an aircraft 1 can be extended and the phase of flight in autorotation secured by the use of the method 18 according to the invention, for example by allowing that the restrictions related to a single-engine aircraft 1 can to be reduced.
    Naturally, the present invention is subject to many variations as to its implementation. Although several embodiments have been described, it is well understood that it is not conceivable to exhaustively identify all the possible modes. It is of course conceivable to replace a means described by equivalent means without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    List of numerical references 1 aircraft 1 with rotary wing 2 main rotor 2 3 rear rotor 3 or propellers 4 fuselage 4 5 power plant 5 6 heat engine 6 7 fuel tank 7 8 electrical system 8 9 consumer equipment 9 10 thermal battery 10 11 engine electric 11 12 safety system 12 13 assistance system 13 piloting 14 emergency information system 14 for pilot 15 man-machine interface 15 16 primary transmission box 16 17 energy storage system 17 18 configuration process 18 19 definition step 19 20 technical specifications 20 21 useful power 21 22 time 22 23 low operating time 23 24 maximizing routine 24 25 evaluation rule 25 26 measuring device 26 27 impedance reduction law 27 28 arrangement electrical control 28 29 monitoring stage 29 30 thermal monitoring procedure 30 31 thermal protection procedure ue 31 32 protective partition 32 33 thermal conduction containment 33 34 closed enclosure 34 35 Insulating frame 36 Thermal evacuation
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A method (18) for configuring a rotary wing aircraft, said rotary wing aircraft integrating an electrical installation (8) and electrical energy consuming equipment, said electrical installation (8) comprising at least one thermal cell ( 10) and being able to deliver on demand, a predetermined quantity of electrical energy to at least one consumer equipment (9), characterized in that the method (18) comprises at least one power supply step of the electrical installation (8) and consumer equipment (5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14) according to a definition (19) of technical specifications (20) of said at least one battery (10) and the electrical installation (8) in operational, structural and layout terms within the aircraft (1), the feeding step according to these technical specifications (20) comprising: - a useful power (21) to be supplied by said at least one -pile thermal (10) in depending on the quantity of electrical energy to be delivered by the electrical installation for at least said consumer equipment, this useful power being predetermined between 20 Watts and 200 kilowatts, - a time lapse (22) of ramp up of said at least a thermal battery, up to at least the predetermined amount of electrical energy, this time being between 3 seconds and 30 seconds and - a low operating time (23) useful supply of the predetermined amount of electrical energy at least said consumer equipment, by said at least one thermal battery (10), this low operating time being between 10 seconds and 180 seconds, and - an availability time tdavibmté at which said consumer equipment (9) does not require of energy but said at least one thermal battery (10) remains hot for use at any time, this availability time tdisponibiiité between 10 and 300 seconds.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    Method (18) according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding step according to the definition (19) of the technical specifications (20) comprises at least one maximizing routine (24) of the amount of useful power supplied. Charging (t) as a function of time "t" upon activation of said at least one thermal stack (10), said maximizing routine controlling impedance matching electric operation of said at least one consumer equipment (9) or charge, the maximization routine (24) providing that said at least one thermal stack (10) is equivalent, according to a Thévenin conversion model, to a looped linear electrical circuit, to which the stack resistance RPiie is applied in series and the resistor RCharge of the equipment (9), an electromotive force FEMpiie of the cell, an intensity lPiie (t) of the electric current and a charging voltage voltage UCharge (t) of the equipment (9), so that cett e maximization routine (24) determines a value of the charging voltage UCharge (t) which cancels the derivative:

    the charging voltage Ucharge (t) being reached when the resistor resistor of the equipment equals the resistor RPjie of the source stack, so that the maximizing routine (24) adapts said charging voltage UCharge (t) to obtain:




    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method (18) according to claim 2, characterized in that the method comprises an evaluation rule (25) after activation of the amount of electrical energy available from said at least one thermal cell (10) during its in operation, said evaluation rule (25) provides a percentage value T% of energy at the current instant tCOurant from the remaining energy Erestante in said stack (10), this remaining Erestante energy being obtained by derivation of the initial energy Ejnitiaie in said stack (10), derived from the moment of activation measured tactivation at the current instant tCOurant for a delivered energy P delivered (t) 3 This instant COUrant tcouranti OÙ Pdelivree (t) = Ucharge (tcurrent ) the load (tcouran t) and according to the following formula:

    then, from the Estante energy, said evaluation rule determines the time "Trustant à ouiss " nr-pP ^ as a function of the power P which is the power measured at the current instant tCOurant and of a time "TdiSponibie.max" at maximum power that is specific to said stack (10) as dimensioned, said evaluation rule (25) calculates the value T% of the energy, from the following formula:

    so that the T% value of the energy is:










    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method (18) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the method (18) comprises an impedance reduction control law (27), such as the activation of said at least a battery (10), the internal resistance of this gradually decreasing thermal battery is scanned, during the resistance decrease time which is between 100ms (milliseconds) and 3 seconds, the impedance reduction control law (27) verifying that the inrush current of a power electronics of the converter of the electrical installation is suitable, so that the electrical installation (8) does not have a pre-load resistor with a limiting function of this current of 'call.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method (18) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method (18) comprises a thermal monitoring (30) of said at least one thermal stack (10) and a thermal protection procedure (31). ) of maintaining said at least one thermal stack (10) in a temperature range ensuring optimum energy supply while avoiding that the structures of the aircraft (1), related to said at least one thermal stack (10) , are exposed to heating between 80 ° C and 110 ° C.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method (18) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method is implemented for at least one consumer equipment (9) among at least the following list: power plant (5), system of electric motor (11) of the aircraft (1), security system (12) of the aircraft, assistance system (13) for piloting the aircraft, pilot emergency information system (14) aircraft.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method (18) according to claim 6, characterized in that the method is implemented for at least one electric power assisting system of a pilot of the aircraft (1) with rotary wing, during a autorotation flight phase, said electric motorization system (11) being powered by an electrical energy storage system (17), said motorization system being integrated into a hybrid powerplant provided with said electric motorization system and minus one heat engine (6), the aircraft (1) having a main gearbox (16), said onboard electrical energy storage system being electrically connected to said at least one thermal battery (10), the rotary wing aircraft (1) having a main rotor (2) which is driven in flight at a nominal rotational speed by the hybrid power plant so that during a flight monitoring stage (29) at least one monitoring parameter is measured to detect a possible engine failure; so that if a failure is detected, it controls said motor-electric system to provide an auxiliary power rotation drive to the main rotor, thus assisting the pilot during an autorotation flight consecutive to said failure.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. rotary wing aircraft configured according to the method (18) of one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said at least one thermal stack (10) integrated in the electrical installation (8) is housed in at least a thermal radiation shielding (32) and thermal conductivity containment (33), and that at least one anti-thermal conduction confinement (33) has a closed chassis enclosure (34), with at least one heat evacuation vent (36).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. rotary-wing aircraft according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one thermal cell (10) is dedicated to a supply of low power electrical power, such that said useful power (21) is between 20 Watts and 300 Watts.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    Rotary wing aircraft according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one thermal cell (10) is dedicated to a supply of high power electrical power, such that said useful power (21) is between 50 kilowatts and 200 kilowatts.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. rotary-wing aircraft according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one thermal stack (10) is dedicated to a supply of electrical power for a power plant (5) of the aircraft (1), such that said useful power (21) is between 5 kilowatts and 25 kilowatts, and for example between 10 kilowatts and 20 kilowatts.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3125343B1|2018-05-02|
    US10377501B2|2019-08-13|
    US20170137139A1|2017-05-18|
    KR101856121B1|2018-05-09|
    KR20170015206A|2017-02-08|
    EP3125343A1|2017-02-01|
    FR3039518B1|2018-05-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2994687A1|2012-08-27|2014-02-28|Eurocopter France|METHOD FOR ASSISTING A PILOT OF A ROTARY VESSEL FLYING MONOMOTER AIRCRAFT DURING A FLIGHT PHASE IN AUTOROTATION|
    FR2794672B1|1999-06-10|2001-09-07|Asb Aerospatiale Batteries|PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF METAL POWDERS, METAL POWDERS THUS PREPARED AND COMPACTS INCLUDING SUCH POWDERS|
    JP4369261B2|2004-03-01|2009-11-18|ヤマハ発動機株式会社|Control device for unmanned helicopter|
    FR2952907B1|2009-11-26|2011-12-09|Eurocopter France|MOTOR INSTALLATION, HELICOPTER COMPRISING SUCH A MOTOR INSTALLATION, AND METHOD IMPLEMENTED BY THIS MOTOR INSTALLATION|
    US8487177B2|2010-02-27|2013-07-16|The Boeing Company|Integrated thermoelectric honeycomb core and method|
    FR2967132B1|2010-11-04|2012-11-09|Turbomeca|METHOD OF OPTIMIZING THE SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION OF A BIMOTING HELICOPTER AND DISSYMMETRIC BIMOTOR ARCHITECTURE WITH A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION|
    US8975503B2|2011-05-18|2015-03-10|The Boeing Company|Thermoelectric energy harvesting system|
    FR2997382B1|2012-10-29|2014-11-21|Eurocopter France|METHOD FOR MANAGING AN ENGINE FAILURE ON A MULTI-ENGINE AIRCRAFT PROVIDED WITH A HYBRID POWER PLANT|
    US9666781B2|2013-08-19|2017-05-30|The Boeing Company|Methods for recovering waste energy from bleed air ducts|US10953995B2|2017-06-30|2021-03-23|General Electric Company|Propulsion system for an aircraft|
    CN109229348A|2017-07-10|2019-01-18|阿基米德航天航空精密工业科技有限公司|Sliding rotation helicopter|
    FR3094697B1|2019-04-02|2021-03-19|Safran Helicopter Engines|HYBRID PROPULSIVE INSTALLATION FOR AN AIRCRAFT|
    CN110406684A|2019-08-05|2019-11-05|江苏心源航空科技有限公司|A kind of tailstock formula vertical take-off and landing drone power device|
    法律状态:
    2016-07-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-02-03| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170203 |
    2017-07-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-07-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-04-10| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20200306 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1501643A|FR3039518B1|2015-07-31|2015-07-31|THERMAL BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE FOR ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT|
    FR1501643|2015-07-31|FR1501643A| FR3039518B1|2015-07-31|2015-07-31|THERMAL BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE FOR ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT|
    EP16178931.8A| EP3125343B1|2015-07-31|2016-07-12|Thermopile energy storage for a rotary wing aircraft|
    KR1020160095759A| KR101856121B1|2015-07-31|2016-07-27|Thermopile energy storage for a rotary wing aircraft|
    US15/221,683| US10377501B2|2015-07-31|2016-07-28|Thermopile energy storage for a rotary wing aircraft|
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