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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for controlling a pumping device associated with a vessel (2) sealed and thermally insulating; said vessel (2) containing a liquefied gas (8) having a liquid phase and a vapor phase and having a multilayer structure comprising a sealing membrane (7) in contact with the liquefied gas (8) and a thermally insulating barrier (6) ) disposed between the sealing membrane (7) and a supporting structure (4), said thermally insulating barrier (6) comprising solids and a gas phase; said pumping device comprising a vacuum pump (16) connected to the thermally insulating barrier (6) for placing the gas phase under a negative relative pressure; said method providing for controlling the vacuum pump (16) as a function of a set pressure Pc1 and a measurement of the pressure P1 of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier (6); said method further comprising: - measuring the temperature T of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas (8); and - determining the set pressure Pc1 by means of a relation Pc1 = f1 (T); f1 is an increasing monotonic function.
    公开号:FR3039499A1
    申请号:FR1557250
    申请日:2015-07-29
    公开日:2017-02-03
    发明作者:Bruno Deletre
    申请人:Gaztransport et Technigaz SARL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of tanks, waterproof and thermally insulating, with membranes, for the storage of a liquefied gas.
    Watertight and thermally insulating membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
    Technological background
    In the state of the art, sealed and thermally insulating chambers with membranes whose walls have a multilayer structure are known. The multilayer structure comprises, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulating barrier comprising insulating elements resting against a bearing structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier, a thermally insulating barrier primary element comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas contained in the tank and resting against the primary thermally insulating barrier.
    Such membrane vessels are sensitive to the pressure differences on either side of each of the membranes, and in particular to the pressure difference on either side of the primary waterproofing membrane. Indeed, an overpressure of the primary thermally insulating barrier relative to the interior of the tank is likely to cause tearing of the primary waterproofing membrane. Therefore, to guarantee the integrity of the primary sealing barrier, it is preferable to maintain a pressure inside the primary thermally insulating barrier which is lower than that inside the vessel so that the The pressure difference across the primary waterproofing membrane tends to press the latter against the secondary thermally insulating barrier and not to tear it away from the secondary insulating barrier. summary
    An idea underlying the invention is to propose a method for controlling a pumping device connected to a thermally insulating barrier of a sealed and thermally insulating tank which makes it possible to effectively protect at least one waterproofing membrane from the tank.
    According to one embodiment, the invention provides a method for controlling a pumping device associated with a sealed and thermally insulating tank; said vessel containing a liquefied gas having a liquid phase and a vapor phase and having walls having a multilayer structure comprising a sealing membrane in contact with the liquefied gas and a thermally insulating barrier disposed between the sealing membrane and a carrier structure said thermally insulating barrier comprising solids and a gaseous phase; said pump device including a vacuum pump connected to the thermally insulating barrier for placing the gas phase under a negative relative pressure; said method comprising the steps of: -measuring a pressure P1 of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier; - Determine a set pressure Pci by means of a relation Pc1 = f ^ T); U being an increasing monotonic function and T being a variable representative of a measured temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas or of a minimum temperature threshold likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas and corresponding to a state of operation of a liquefied gas cooling device; - Control the vacuum pump so as to slave the pressure Pi of the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier to the set pressure Pci.
    Such a method is particularly effective for protecting the waterproofing membrane when the tank is placed under a pressure below atmospheric pressure (which was not previously provided in the state of the art). This is particularly likely to occur when the liquefied gas is mainly stored in the tank in a thermodynamic sub-cooled state, that is to say at a temperature that is below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the gas considered at the gas storage pressure in the tank.
    However, the applicant has recently developed cooling devices for reducing the temperature of a portion of the liquefied gas stored in the tank below its liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature so as to limit the natural evaporation of the liquefied gas and allow its durable storage. Such a process is therefore particularly adapted to meet the specific needs of vessels equipped with such cooling devices.
    Indeed, in liquefied gas storage applications in which a sub-cooling of the liquefied gas is implemented, the vapor phase in the gaseous atmosphere of the tank and the liquid phase of the liquefied gas are not, in any point of the tank, in equilibrium. The vapor phase is likely to heat up and tends to stratify inside the tank. It can thus be seen temperature gradients of the order of 100 ° C in the vapor phase when the tank is low and no stirring is implemented in the tank to homogenize the temperature of the vapor phase. The interface between the vapor phase and the liquid phase is in the stationary state, in equilibrium. It is at this interface that the vapor phase condenses or the liquid phase evaporates as a function of local temperature and pressure conditions.
    Also, when the tank is placed in a ship and that it is subjected to the swell, the interface between the vapor phase and the liquid phase is likely to change abrupt geometry, position and constitution. Thus, a sudden movement of the cargo in the tank is likely to cause instantaneous condensation of a large amount of gaseous phase and, consequently, to cause a sudden depression of the internal space of the tank.
    In order to guarantee the integrity of the waterproofing membrane, it must be ensured that the pressure prevailing in the internal space of the tank is never much less than the pressure in the thermally insulating barrier, failing which such a depression in the internal space of the tank could damage the sealing membrane causing its tearing. Therefore, taking into account either the temperature of the liquid phase stored in the tank or the minimum threshold of temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas, to establish the target pressure inside the heat barrier insulation, it is possible to ensure that the pressure inside the thermally insulating barrier is sufficiently small to remain below the pressure that can be reached in the interior space in case of instantaneous condensation of a part the vapor phase of the cargo, without causing unnecessary energy expenditure.
    According to other advantageous embodiments, such a method may have one or more of the following characteristics: the variable T is obtained by measuring the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas or by measuring an operating parameter the device for cooling the liquefied gas representative of the minimum temperature threshold likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas. - The variable T is obtained by receiving an operating parameter of the liquefied gas cooling device representative of the minimum temperature threshold likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas. The function U is an affine transformation of a function representative of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas or of a component of the liquefied gas which, among the components constituting the liquefied gas that are present in a molar proportion greater than 5%, has the lowest vaporization temperature. - The function U is of the form fi (T) = g (T) - Si; g being a representative function of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas or component of the liquefied gas which, among the components constituting the liquefied gas that are present in a molar proportion greater than 5%, has the lowest vaporization temperature and £ i being a positive constant. The constant ει is, for example, between 10 and 30 mbar. - The waterproofing membrane is a primary waterproofing membrane and the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermal-insulating barrier, the multilayer structure further comprising a secondary thermal-insulating barrier which rests against the supporting structure and comprises solids and a phase and a secondary sealing membrane disposed between the secondary heat-insulating barrier and the primary heat-insulating barrier. The pumping device comprises a second vacuum pump connected to the secondary thermally insulating barrier in order to place the gaseous phase of the secondary thermally insulating barrier under a negative relative pressure; the method comprising the steps of: -measuring a pressure P2 of the gas phase of the secondary thermally insulating barrier; and - controlling the second vacuum pump so as to slave the pressure P2 of the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier to a set pressure Pc2. According to one embodiment, the second setpoint pressure P02 is determined by means of the relation Pc2 = f2 (T); f2 being an increasing monotonic function. The function f2 is an affine transformation of a function representative of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas or of a component of the liquefied gas which, among the components constituting the liquefied gas that are present in a molar proportion greater than 5%, has the lowest vaporization temperature of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve of the liquefied gas or a major component of the liquefied gas in a pressure-temperature diagram. - The function f2 is of the form f2 (T) = g (T) - ε2; g being a representative function of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas or component of the liquefied gas which, among the components constituting the liquefied gas, are present in a molar proportion greater than 5% has the lowest vaporization temperature and ε2 is a positive constant. The constant s2 is for example between 10 and 30 mbar. According to another embodiment, the second setpoint pressure Pc2 is established by means of the relation Pc2 = h (P1) with h increasing monotonic function. - The function h is of the form h (P1) = P1 - ε'2; ε'2 being a constant. The constant is for example between 10 and 30 mbar.
    According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a control method comprising: - controlling the vacuum pump according to a set pressure Pci and a measurement of the pressure Pi of the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier; measuring the temperature T of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas; and - determining the set pressure Pci by means of a relation Pci = fi (T); U being an increasing monotonic function.
    Another idea underlying the invention is to provide a method for controlling a device for cooling a liquefied gas that effectively protects at least one sealing membrane of the tank.
    According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for controlling a device for cooling a liquefied gas associated with a liquefied gas storage facility; said plant comprising: - a sealed and thermally insulating tank for containing a liquefied gas in a two-phase form with a liquid phase and a vapor phase; the vessel having walls having a multilayer structure comprising a sealing membrane in contact with the liquefied gas and a thermally insulating barrier disposed between the sealing membrane and a supporting structure, said thermally insulating barrier comprising solids and a gaseous phase ; a pressure sensor capable of measuring a pressure P of the gas phase in the thermally insulating barrier; and a pumping device comprising a vacuum pump connected to the thermally insulating barrier and arranged to place the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier under a negative relative pressure and a control module which is arranged to control the vacuum pump in a controlled manner. to control the pressure P1 of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier at a set pressure Pd; the cooling device being arranged to lower the temperature of a portion of the liquefied gas below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the liquefied gas to the storage pressure of the liquefied gas in the tank; said method for controlling the liquefied gas cooling device comprising: - determining a minimum temperature threshold Tmin of the liquefied gas by means of a relationship Tmin = f3 (Pc1), f3 being an increasing monotonic function; - control the cooling device according to the minimum temperature threshold
    Tmin so that the temperature of the liquefied gas does not fall below said minimum temperature threshold Tmin.
    According to other advantageous embodiments, such a method may have one or more of the following characteristics: the function f3 is a function representative of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas or of a component of the liquefied gas which, among the components constituting the liquefied gas that are present in a molar proportion greater than 5%, has the lowest vaporization temperature. In other words, a minimum temperature threshold Tmin is determined which corresponds to the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the liquefied gas or of a majority component of the liquefied gas at the set pressure Pci so that the liquid phase of the liquefied gas contained in the tank can not reach a sufficiently low temperature for a sudden movement of the cargo causes a depression in the interior space of the tank which is greater than the depression in the thermally insulating barrier.
    According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a facility for storing a liquefied gas comprising: a sealed and thermally insulating tank intended to contain a liquefied gas in a two-phase form with a liquid phase and a vapor phase; the vessel having walls having a multilayer structure comprising a sealing membrane in contact with the liquefied gas and a thermally insulating barrier disposed between the sealing membrane and a supporting structure, said thermally insulating barrier comprising solids and a gaseous phase ; a pressure sensor capable of measuring the pressure Pi of the gas phase in the thermally insulating barrier; and a pumping device comprising a vacuum pump connected to the thermally insulating barrier and arranged to place the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier under a negative relative pressure and a control module which is arranged to: determine a set pressure PGi by means of a relation Pci = fi (T); ^ being an increasing monotonic function and T being a variable representative of the actual temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas or of the minimum temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas for a determined operation of a cooling device liquefied gas; and • controlling the vacuum pump so as to slave the pressure P1 of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier to the reference pressure Pci.
    According to other advantageous embodiments, such an installation may have one or more of the following characteristics: the installation furthermore comprises a temperature sensor able to measure the temperature T of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas and to deliver it to the control module. - The installation further comprises a liquefied gas cooling device arranged to lower the temperature of a portion of the liquefied gas below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the liquefied gas to the liquefied gas storage pressure in the tank. - The cooling device is arranged to respect a minimum temperature threshold for the liquid phase of the liquefied gas and in which the control module is connected to the cooling device and is arranged to determine the set pressure Pci by taking as variable T the minimum temperature threshold. - The installation comprises a sensor adapted to measure an operating parameter of the liquefied gas cooling device representative of the minimum threshold likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas. - The waterproofing membrane is a primary waterproofing membrane and the thermally insulating barrier is a primary thermal-insulating barrier, the multilayer structure further comprising a secondary thermal-insulating barrier which rests against the supporting structure and comprises solids and a phase and a secondary sealing membrane disposed between the secondary heat-insulating barrier and the primary heat-insulating barrier. - The installation further comprises a second pressure sensor capable of measuring the pressure P2 in the secondary thermally insulating barrier. - The pumping device further comprises a second vacuum pump connected to the secondary thermally insulating barrier to place the gas phase of the secondary thermally insulating barrier under a negative relative pressure. - The control module is arranged to control the second vacuum pump so as to slave the pressure P2 of the gaseous phase of the barrier
    I thermally insulating secondary to a set pressure Pc2. According to one embodiment, the device for cooling the liquefied gas is a vaporization device for cooling the liquefied gas; said vaporization device comprising: a vaporization chamber arranged in the interior space of the tank, the vaporization chamber comprising heat exchange walls allowing a heat exchange between an interior space of the vaporization chamber and the liquefied gas present in the interior space of the tank; an inlet circuit comprising an inlet opening into the interior of the vessel for withdrawing a liquid-phase flow of liquefied gas into the vessel and a pressure-loss element opening into the interior space of the vaporization enclosure to relax the flow of gas withdrawn; an output circuit arranged to evacuate the stream of gas taken off, in the gas phase from the vaporization chamber to a gas-phase gas utilization circuit; said output circuit comprising a vacuum pump able to suck up the flow of gas into the vaporization chamber, to discharge it to the vapor phase gas utilization circuit and to maintain in the vaporization chamber a lower absolute pressure. at atmospheric pressure. According to another embodiment, the device for cooling the liquefied gas comprises a vapor phase gas sampling circuit comprising: an inlet opening into the interior space of the tank above a maximum filling height of the tank so as to open, when the tank is filled, in a zone of the vapor phase in contact with a zone of the interface separating the lower liquid phase and the upper vapor phase; and a vacuum pump adapted to suck through the inlet a vapor phase gas stream present in the vapor phase zone, to discharge it to a vapor phase gas utilization circuit and to maintain in the zone vapor pressure below atmospheric pressure so that a vaporization of the liquid phase is promoted at the interface zone and the liquefied gas in contact with the interface zone is placed in a liquid-vapor two-phase equilibrium state in which the liquefied gas has a temperature below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of said liquefied gas at atmospheric pressure.
    Such an installation may be part of an onshore storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep-water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
    According to one embodiment, a vessel comprises a double hull and a plant mentioned above, the tank of the liquefied gas storage installation being disposed in the double hull.
    According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
    According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent from the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for the purposes of the invention. illustrative and not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings. - Figure 1 schematically illustrates a storage installation and cooling of a liquefied gas according to a first embodiment. - Figure 2 schematically illustrates a facility for storing and cooling a liquefied gas according to a second embodiment. - Figure 3 schematically illustrates a facility for storing and cooling a liquefied gas according to a third embodiment. - Figure 4 schematically illustrates a facility for storing and cooling a liquefied gas according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 5 is a liquid-vapor equilibrium diagram of methane. - Figure 6 is a schematic cutaway representation of a methane tanker equipped with a tank and a loading / unloading terminal of the tank.
    Detailed description of embodiments
    In the description and the claims, the term "gas" has a generic character and refers indifferently to a gas consisting of a single pure body or a gaseous mixture consisting of a plurality of components. A liquefied gas thus refers to a chemical body or a mixture of chemical bodies which has been placed in a liquid phase at low temperature and which would occur in a vapor phase under normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
    In Figure 1, a facility 1 for storing and cooling a liquefied gas according to a first embodiment is shown. Such an installation 1 can be installed on a floating structure such as a tanker, a liquefaction barge or regasification. The installation 1 comprises a sealed and thermally insulating tank 2 membranes. The tank 2 comprises walls having a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside towards the inside of the tank 2, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 3 comprising a gaseous phase and insulating elements resting against a supporting structure 4, a membrane of secondary seal 5 resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3, a primary thermally insulating barrier 6 having insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane 5 and a gas phase and a primary sealing membrane 7 intended to be in contact with the liquefied gas 8 contained in the tank. For example, such tanks 2 membrane are described in patent applications W014057221, FR2691520 and FR2877638.
    According to one embodiment, the tank is equipped with a vapor collection device, not shown, passing through a ceiling wall of the tank and opening into the upper part of the internal space of the tank. Such a device is equipped with a valve arranged to allow evacuation of the steam from the inside to the outside of the tank when the pressure inside the internal space of the tank 2 is greater than a threshold. Such a device for collecting steam thus makes it possible to avoid generating overpressures inside the tank 2. The valve is furthermore configured so as to prevent a flow of gas from flowing in the collecting device. of steam, from the outside to the inside of the tank 2 and thus allows the internal space of the vessel 2 to be depressurized. By way of example, such a device for collecting vapor is described in the document WO2013093261.
    Liquefied gas 8 is a combustible gas. The liquefied gas 8 may in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gaseous mixture comprising mainly methane and one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n- butane, i-butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, neopentane, and nitrogen in a small proportion. The fuel gas may also be ethane or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons from petroleum refining comprising mainly propane and butane.
    The liquefied gas 8 is stored in the interior space of the vessel 2 in a two-phase liquid-vapor state. The liquefied gas 8 is therefore present in the vapor phase in the upper part of the tank 2 and in the liquid phase in the lower part of the tank 2. The installation 1 further comprises a device for cooling the liquefied gas stored in the tank 2 arranged to lower the temperature of a portion of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of said liquefied gas 7, at the storage pressure of the liquefied gas 8 in the tank 2. Thus, a portion of the liquefied gas is placed in a sub-cooled thermodynamic state.
    To do this, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the installation comprises a vaporization device 20 intended to take a flow of gas in the liquid phase from the tank 2 and to relax it in order to vaporize it using heat. latent vaporization of the gas to cool the liquefied gas 8 remained in the tank 2.
    The operating principle of such a vaporization device 20 is mentioned in relation with FIG. 5, which represents a liquid-vapor equilibrium diagram of the methane. This diagram represents the domain, denoted L, in which the methane is in the liquid phase and the domain, denoted V, in which the methane is in the vapor phase, as a function of the pressure represented on the abscissa and the temperature represented on the ordinate .
    The point P1 represents a state of two-phase equilibrium corresponding to the state of the methane stored in the tank 2 at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of about -162 ° C. When methane in such a state of equilibrium is taken from the tank 2 and then expanded in the vaporization device 20, for example at an absolute pressure of about 500 mbar, the equilibrium of the expanded methane moves to the left until at point P2. The methane thus relaxed undergoes a decrease in temperature of about 7 ° C. Therefore, the methane removed being brought into thermal contact via the vaporization device 20 with the methane remaining in the tank 2, it vaporizes at least partially and, by vaporizing, subtracted from the liquid methane stored in the tank 2 the necessary calories to its vaporization which allows to cool the liquid methane remaining in the tank 2.
    The methane remaining in the tank 2 is therefore placed at a temperature below its equilibrium temperature at the storage pressure of the methane in the tank 2.
    Returning to Figure 1, it is observed that the vaporization device 20 comprises: - an input circuit having an intake 21 immersed in the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2; one or more evaporation chambers 22 immersed in the liquid phase and / or the vapor phase of the liquefied gas 8 and comprising heat exchange walls, immersed in the liquefied gas stored in the tank 2, so as to put in contact with each other; thermal the flow of gas taken with the liquefied gas remaining in the tank 2; and an output circuit 23 for evacuating the vapor phase gas stream to a vapor phase gas utilization circuit 25.
    The input circuit is equipped with one or more pressure drop members, not shown, for creating a pressure drop and opening inside the vaporization chamber 22 so as to relax the flow of liquefied gas collected.
    The vaporization device is also equipped with a vacuum pump 24, arranged outside the tank and associated with the output circuit 23. The vacuum pump 24 makes it possible to suck a stream of liquefied gas stored in the tank 2 towards the tank. vaporization chamber 22 and vapor phase to a vapor phase gas utilization circuit 25. For the liquefied natural gas, the absolute working pressure prevailing inside the vaporization chamber 22 is between 120 and 950 mbar, advantageously between 650 and 850 mbar, and for example of the order of 750 mbar.
    In the case of a shipborne installation, the vapor phase gas utilization circuit 25 may in particular be connected to power generation equipment of the powertrain, not shown, for propelling the ship. Such power generation equipment is chosen in particular from heat engines, fuel cells and gas turbines.
    In FIG. 2, the installation 1 is equipped with another device for cooling the liquefied gas making it possible to place the liquefied gas 8 in a subcooled thermodynamic state.
    For this purpose, the installation 1 here comprises a gas sampling circuit in the vapor phase 9. The vapor phase gas sampling circuit 9 comprises a duct 10 passing through a wall of the tank 2 in order to define a passage of evacuation of the vapor phase, from the inside to the outside of the tank 2. The duct 10 has an inlet 11 opening inside the internal space of the tank 2 in a vacuum bell 31. The vacuum bell 31 is a hollow body disposed in the upper part of the internal space of the tank 2 so that its upper portion is in contact and filled with the vapor phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2 and that its lower portion is immersed in the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2. The inlet 11 of the vapor phase gas sampling circuit 9 opens into the upper portion of the vacuum bell 20.
    The sampling circuit 9 also comprises a vacuum pump 12 which is connected, upstream, to the pipe and, downstream, to a vapor phase gas utilization circuit 13. The vacuum pump 12 is thus able to suck through the pipe 10, a vapor phase gas stream present in the vacuum chamber 31 and to discharge it to the vapor phase gas utilization circuit 13. The sampling circuit 9 here comprises a valve 19 or a non-return valve, arranged upstream or downstream of the vacuum pump 12 and thus avoiding a return of the vapor phase gas flow towards the interior space of the tank 2.
    The vacuum pump 12 is able to generate in the upper portion of the vacuum bell 31 a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, which makes it possible to promote a vaporization of the liquefied gas inside the vacuum bell 20. Therefore, the vapor phase inside the vacuum bell 31 being placed at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure, the vaporization of the liquefied gas 8 is favored at the liquid / vapor interface inside the vacuum bell 31 while the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2 is placed in a state of two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium in which the liquefied gas 8 has a temperature lower than the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of said liquefied gas at atmospheric pressure.
    In another embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the cooling device comprises a liquefaction device comprising a first circuit 34 comprising an inlet 32 able to collect liquefied gas in the vapor phase in the interior space of the tank 2 and a outlet 33 adapted to return liquefied gas in the liquid phase in the interior space of the tank 2. The liquefaction device further comprises a refrigerant circuit 35 in which a refrigerant circulates. The refrigerating circuit 35 comprises a compressor 36, a condenser 37, a pressure reducer 38 and an evaporator 39 in which the refrigerant evaporates by taking calories from the liquefied gas flowing in the first circuit 34. Such a cooling device is especially disclosed in EP2853479.
    In another embodiment shown in Figure 4, the cooling device comprises a refrigerating unit 40 which circulates liquid nitrogen at about -196 ° C in a pin tube 41, which has the effect of cooling the liquefied gas around the tube 41. Since the refrigerated liquefied gas becomes denser, it undergoes a downward movement in the tank 2 and the liquefied gas not yet refrigerated conversely undergoes an upward movement. This convection movement is channeled by the convection well 42 in order to create this convection movement throughout the tank 2. During its circulation, the liquid nitrogen undergoes evaporation, which makes it possible to benefit from the latent heat of evaporation. nitrogen to cool the liquefied gas. At the outlet of the tube 23, the nitrogen is re-liquefied in the refrigerating unit 41. Such a cooling device is described in particular in the application FR2785034.
    Note that if several liquefied gas cooling devices are described above, the invention is in no way limited to one of these cooling devices and any other cooling device for cooling the liquefied gas below its liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature can be used.
    Returning to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the installation 1 comprises, in the embodiment shown, a pumping device which comprises a vacuum pump 16 which is connected to a pipe 17 opening into the internal space of the barrier thermally insulating primary 6 and a vacuum pump 14 which is connected to a pipe 15 opening into the internal space of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3. Such a pumping device aims to maintain the gaseous phases inside the thermally barrier primary and secondary insulators 6 at pressures lower than the pressure prevailing in the interior space of the tank 2. Thus, the pressure differences between the membranes tend to press them outwards and not to tear them towards the outside. inside the tank 2.
    The vacuum pumps 14, 16 are cryogenic pumps, that is to say able to withstand cryogenic temperatures below -150 ° C. They are also compliant with the ATEX regulations, that is to say designed to avoid any risk of explosion. The vacuum pumps 14, 16 can be made in various ways, for example Roots (ie rotary lobes), vane, liquid ring, screw, with a venturi type effector. The installation 1 further comprises a control module 26 for controlling the vacuum pump 14 and the vacuum pump 16 so as to regulate the pressures prevailing in the primary heat-insulating barrier 6 and in the secondary heat-insulating barrier 3. The control module 26 may comprise a single element, as in the embodiment shown, or two elements; these being respectively associated with the control of one and the other of the two vacuum pumps 14,16.
    The control module 26 is connected to at least one temperature sensor 27 which is immersed in the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2 and thus makes it possible to deliver a measurement of the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank 2. Advantageously, in order to obtain a temperature measurement revealing the lowest temperatures in the tank 2, the temperature sensor 27 is placed close to the bottom of the tank 2. Preferably, the The temperature 27 is further positioned near the heat exchange walls of the vaporization chamber 22. The temperature sensor 27 may be made by any means such as a thermocouple or platinum resistance probe, for example.
    Furthermore, the installation 1 further comprises at least one pressure sensor 28 for delivering a measurement of the pressure P1 of the gas phase inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 and a pressure sensor 29 for delivering a measuring the pressure P2 of the gas phase inside the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
    The control module 26 is arranged to generate a control value of the vacuum pump 16 as a function of a set pressure Pci and the measurement of the pressure P1 of the gas phase inside the primary thermally insulating barrier. 6 so as to slave the pressure P1 to the set pressure Pci. In the same way, the control module 26 is arranged to generate a control value of the vacuum pump 14 as a function of a set pressure Pc2 and of the measurement of the pressure P2 of the gas phase inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 so as to slave the pressure P2 to the set pressure Pc2.
    Furthermore, the control module 26 is also arranged to determine, at any time, the setpoint pressure Pci for the primary thermally insulating barrier 6, as a function of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 27. In other words, the set pressure Pci is determined by means of the following relation:
    fi: an increasing monotonic function; and - T: the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8, delivered by the temperature sensor 27.
    More particularly, the function fi is an affine transformation of a function g representative of the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas or liquefied gas component which, among the other components of the liquefied gas which are present in a significant amount (i.e. in a molar proportion greater than 5%) has the lowest vaporization temperature at atmospheric pressure. Also, the function fi is, for example, of the following form:
    - g: a representative function of the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve of the liquefied gas or component in the most volatile non-negligible amount of the liquefied gas in a pressure-temperature diagram; and - Ei: a constant, for example of the order of 10 to 30 mbar.
    The function g makes it possible to determine the saturation vapor pressure associated with the temperature of the liquid phase measured in the tank 2 and thus makes it possible to determine a pressure value lowering the absolute pressure likely to be reached in the event of condensation of the vapor phase. liquefied gas stored in the tank.
    According to one embodiment, when the liquefied gas is a gaseous mixture consisting of a plurality of components, the function g is representative of the liquid vapor equilibrium curve of the component which among the components present in significant amounts is the most volatile. For liquefied natural gas, for example, the function g used is representative of the liquid vapor equilibrium curve of pure methane. Therefore, taking as reference the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve of the most volatile component, a saturating vapor pressure is determined lowering the saturation vapor pressure of the gaseous mixture. This approach is simple and robust and does not require time
    the composition of the liquefied gas, which may vary over time.
    However, in another embodiment, in order to more precisely determine the Saturating vapor pressure associated with the temperature measured for the liquefied gas stored in the tank, it is also possible to use a function g which is representative of the curve of liquid-vapor equilibrium of the real gas mixture. For example, the equilibrium curve of methane in a pressure-temperature diagram can be approximated by the following function: g (T) = 3.673876 x ΐο-2τ'3 '' · -: 9.5Ρ7262; Τ2; · + : 8.526565 x 102T - 2.568325 x 104 with: - T: in Kelvin; and - g (T): in millibars. Τ'.ν ·; · 7τ: 'Εη. considering a temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored in the tank of 105 K, the image of such a temperature by the function g above is 565 millibars. Also, when the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas is 105 Kelvin, the pressure in the tank is theoretically not likely to fall below an absolute pressure of 565 millibars. In such a case, in the case where the constant ε-t, aiming at taking into account the uncertainties of measurement of the temperature of the liquid phase and the phenomena of heterogeneity of the temperature of the liquid phase inside the the tank is equal to 20 millibars, the recorded pressure Pci is then 545 millibars.
    It is thus understood that by placing the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 under such an absolute pressure of 545 millibars, the pressure inside the vessel 2 will always be greater than the pressure prevailing inside the primary thermally insulating barrier 6. which makes it possible to press the primary waterproofing membrane 7 against the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3 and prevents it from collapsing.
    It will be noted that the use of a function g representative of the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve of the liquefied gas makes it possible to obtain an ideal compromise between the operating safety of the installation and the energy expenditure necessary to guarantee this operational safety. However, it is possible to use a function g substantially different but having an equivalent overall profile if one agrees to reduce the safety margin or increase energy expenditure.
    Furthermore, the control module 26 is also arranged to determine the setpoint pressure PC2 for the secondary thermally insulating barrier 6.
    According to one embodiment, the set pressure Pc2 is determined as a function of the temperature T measured by the temperature sensor 27 in a manner similar to the reference pressure PC2. The set pressure Pc2 is thus determined by means of the following relation:
    f2: an increasing monotonic function; and - T: the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8, delivered by the temperature sensor 27.
    Since function f1t function f2 can be written as:
    g: a function representative of the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve of the liquefied gas or of the majority component of the liquefied gas in a pressure-temperature diagram; and - ε2: a constant, for example of the order of 10 to 30 mbar.
    According to another embodiment, the set pressure Pc2 is not determined as a function of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 27 but is determined as a function of the pressure P1 of the gas phase in the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 to the means of the following relation:
    - h: an increasing monotonic function; and - P1: the pressure measured in the gaseous phase of the primary thermally insulating barrier 6.
    The function h is for example of the form:
    - ε'2: a constant.
    According to an alternative embodiment, ε'2 is a positive constant, for example between 10 and 30 mbar. Thus, the method ensures that, at all times, the pressure of the gas phase of the secondary heat-insulating barrier 3 is greater than that of the primary heat-insulating barrier 6 so that the secondary sealing membrane 5 is pressed against the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
    According to another variant embodiment, ε'2 is a negative constant, for example between -10 and -30 mbar. Thus, the method ensures that the pressure of the gaseous phase of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3 is at all times greater than that of the primary thermally insulating barrier 6, which makes it possible to avoid that, in the event of leakage of the sealing membranes 5, 7, the liquefied gas 8 is sucked towards the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
    According to other alternative embodiments, the setpoint pressure Pci for the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 and / or the setpoint pressure PC2 is not determined as a function of a measurement of the temperature of the liquefied gas 8 but taking as variable T in the abovementioned equations, a variable corresponding to a minimum threshold likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas, for a determined operating state of the liquefied gas cooling device.
    Thus, according to an embodiment equipped with a device for cooling the liquefied gas as described and illustrated in connection with FIG. 1, the installation comprises a temperature sensor disposed at the outlet of the vaporization enclosure 22 and measuring the temperature of the vapor phase gas flow flowing inside the vaporization chamber 22 or the temperature of a wall of the vaporization chamber 22. In steady state of operation of the cooling device, the temperature thus measured is representative of the minimum temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas 8 stored inside the tank 2. Therefore, by taking a temperature thus measured as a value of T in the aforementioned equations, the process of controlling the vacuum pump 16 and the vacuum pump 14, also makes it possible to guarantee that the pressures of the gaseous phases inside the thermally insulating primary barriers 6 and secondary 3 are at all times lower than the pressure in the interior space of the vessel 2.
    In the same manner, when the liquefied gas cooling device is a liquefaction device comprising a liquefied gas circulation circuit cooperating with a refrigerant circuit as shown in FIG. 3, the installation may comprise a temperature sensor disposed in the refrigerant circuit and measuring the return temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 39. In steady state of operation of the cooling device, the temperature thus measured is also representative of the minimum temperature likely to be reached by the phase liquid liquefied gas 8 stored inside the tank 2 and can therefore also be used for the determination of the set pressure Pc1, and optionally for the determination of the set pressure Pc2.
    According to another embodiment, the cooling device of the liquefied gas is arranged to meet a minimum temperature threshold Tmin for the liquid phase of the liquefied gas. In other words, the cooling device of the liquefied gas is controlled so that the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas does not fall below said temperature threshold Tmin. The operating parameters of the cooling device are thus set so that the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas does not fall below the aforementioned threshold. By way of example, for an installation equipped with a device for cooling the liquefied gas, as described and illustrated in relation to FIG. 1, the minimum temperature threshold can be guaranteed by setting a corresponding threshold pressure, inside the vaporization chamber 22.
    Similarly, for an installation equipped with a device for cooling the liquefied gas, as described and illustrated in connection with FIG. 2, the minimum temperature threshold can be guaranteed by setting a corresponding threshold pressure inside the bell. with vacuum 31.
    When the liquefied gas cooling device is a liquefaction device comprising a gas circulation circuit cooperating with a refrigerant circuit, compliance with the minimum temperature threshold can be ensured by setting a flow rate or a threshold pressure for the refrigerant in the system. refrigerant circuit. Alternatively, it is possible to measure the temperature on the fins of the evaporator of the refrigerant circuit and to regulate the power of the refrigerant circuit, with a suitable safety coefficient, as a function of the temperature measured so as to respect the above-mentioned minimum temperature threshold. .
    According to an alternative embodiment, the temperature threshold Tmin is fixed beforehand and then communicated to the control module 26. The set pressure Pci is then determined by the control module 26 by taking the temperature threshold Tmin as a value of T in the equation Pci = fi (T) = g (T) -
    According to an alternative embodiment, it is the set pressure Pc1 which is previously fixed and then communicated to the cooling device. In this case, the temperature threshold Tmin is determined by means of a relation Tmin = 13 (Pci)! with: f3: a function representative of the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve of the liquefied gas or of a major component of the liquefied gas in a pressure-temperature diagram; and - Pd: the set pressure in the primary thermally insulating barrier 6.
    Referring to Figure 6, a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship. The wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and secondary leakage barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
    In a manner known per se, loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal for transferring a cargo of LNG to or from the tank 71.
    FIG. 6 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77. The loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74. The movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73. The movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers . A connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78. The loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77. liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting lines 81 connected by the underwater line 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. The underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
    In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
    Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention. The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.
    In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A method of controlling a pumping device associated with a vessel (2) sealed and thermally insulating; said vessel (2) containing a liquefied gas (8) having a liquid phase and a vapor phase and having walls having a multilayer structure comprising a sealing membrane (7) in contact with the liquefied gas (8) and a heat barrier insulating material (3, 6) disposed between the sealing membrane (7) and a carrier structure (4), said thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) comprising solids and a gas phase; said pump device comprising a vacuum pump (14, 16) connected to the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) for placing the gas phase under a negative relative pressure; said method comprising the steps of: -measuring a pressure P1 of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6); - Determine a set pressure Pci by means of a relation Pci = fi (T); fi being an increasing monotonic function and T being a variable representative of a measured temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas (8) or of a minimum threshold of temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas (8) and corresponding to an operating state of a liquefied gas cooling device (8); - Control the vacuum pump (14, 16) so as to slave the pressure Pi of the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) to the set pressure Pci.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the variable T is obtained by measuring the temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas (8) or by measuring an operating parameter of the liquefied gas cooling device representative of the minimum threshold of temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. The method as claimed in claim 1, in which the variable T is obtained by receiving an operating parameter of the liquefied gas cooling device representative of the minimum temperature threshold <- * ι ιλλ / μλ + ΪΚΙλ λΙ! Â + * * * * * Lie lie le le le + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +; uu
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. The process as claimed in claim 1, in which the function U is an affine transformation of a function representative of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas (8) or of a component. liquified gas (8) which, among the components constituting the liquefied gas which are present in a molar proportion greater than 5%, has the lowest vaporization temperature.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the function U is of the form f ^ T) = g (T) - ει; g being a representative function of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas (8) or a component of the liquefied gas (8) which among the components constituting the liquefied gas which are present in a molar proportion greater than 5%, has the lowest vaporization temperature and ει being a positive constant.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    The method according to claim 1 to 5, wherein the waterproofing membrane is a primary waterproofing membrane (7) and the thermally insulating barrier is a primary heat-insulating barrier (6), the multilayer structure further comprising a barrier secondary thermal insulator (3) which rests against the carrier structure (4) and comprises solids and a gaseous phase and a secondary sealing membrane (5) disposed between the secondary heat-insulating barrier (3) and the primary heat-insulating barrier (6).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The method of claim 6, wherein the pumping device comprises a second vacuum pump (14) connected to the secondary heat-insulating barrier (3) for placing the gas phase of the secondary heat-insulating barrier (3) under negative relative pressure; the method comprising the steps of: -measuring a pressure P2 of the gas phase of the secondary thermally insulating barrier (3); and - controlling the second vacuum pump (14) so as to slave the pressure P2 of the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier to a set pressure P c2-
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second setpoint pressure P02 is determined by means of the relation PC2 = 12 (T); f2 being an increasing monotonic function.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the function f2 is an affine transformation of a representative function of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas (8) or a component of the gas. liquified (8) which, among the components constituting the liquefied gas that are present in a molar proportion greater than 5%, has the lowest vaporization temperature.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    The method of claim 9, wherein the function f2 is of the form f2 (T) = g (T) - ε2; g being a representative function of a liquid-vapor equilibrium curve in a pressure-temperature diagram of the liquefied gas (8) or a component of the liquefied gas (8) which among the components constituting the liquefied gas which are present in a molar proportion greater than 5% has the lowest vaporization temperature and ε2 is a positive constant.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. The method of claim 7, wherein the second setpoint pressure Pc2 is established by means of the relation PC2 = h (Pi) with h increasing monotonous function.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    The method of claim 11, wherein the function h is of the form h (PI) = P1 - e; ε'2 being a constant.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. A method of controlling a device for cooling a liquefied gas associated with a liquefied gas storage facility; said plant comprising: - a sealed and thermally insulating vessel (2) for containing a liquefied gas (8) in a two-phase form with a liquid phase and a vapor phase; the vessel (2) having walls having a multilayer structure comprising a sealing membrane (7) in contact with the liquefied gas and a thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) disposed between the sealing membrane (7) and a structure carrier (4), said thermally insulating barrier comprising solids and a gaseous phase; a pressure sensor (28) capable of measuring a pressure Pi of the gas phase in the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6); and - a pumping device comprising a vacuum pump (14, 16) connected to the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) and arranged to place the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) under a negative relative pressure and a control module (26) which is arranged to control the vacuum pump (16) so as to slave the pressure P1 of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) to a set pressure Pd; the cooling device being arranged to lower the temperature of a portion of the liquefied gas below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the liquefied gas to the storage pressure of the liquefied gas in the tank; said method for controlling the liquefied gas cooling device comprising: - determining a minimum temperature threshold Tmin of the liquefied gas by means of a relation Tmin = f3 (Pci), f3 being an increasing monotonic function; - Control the cooling device according to the minimum temperature threshold Tmin so that the temperature of the liquefied gas does not fall below said minimum temperature threshold Tmin.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Installation (1) for storing a liquefied gas comprising: - a sealed and thermally insulating tank (2) intended to contain a liquefied gas (8) in a two-phase form with a liquid phase and a vapor phase; the vessel (2) having walls having a multilayer structure comprising a sealing membrane (7) in contact with the liquefied gas and a thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) disposed between the sealing membrane (7) and a structure carrier (4), said thermally insulating barrier comprising solids and a gaseous phase; a pressure sensor (28) capable of measuring the pressure Pt of the gas phase in the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6); and - a pumping device comprising a vacuum pump (14, 16) connected to the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) and arranged to place the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) under a negative relative pressure and a control module (26) which is arranged to: • determine a set pressure Pci by means of a relation Pci = f ^ T); fi being an increasing monotonic function and T being a variable representative of the actual temperature of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas (8) or of the minimum temperature likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas (8) for a determined operation a device for cooling the liquefied gas (8); and • controlling the vacuum pump (16) so as to slave the pressure P1 of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier (3, 6) to the reference pressure Pci.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Installation according to claim 14, further comprising a temperature sensor (27) adapted to measure the temperature T of the liquid phase of the liquefied gas (8) and deliver it to the control module (26).
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. Installation according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising a device for cooling the liquefied gas arranged to lower the temperature of a portion of the liquefied gas below the liquid-vapor equilibrium temperature of the liquefied gas at the pressure of storage of the liquefied gas in the tank.
    [17" id="c-fr-0017]
    17. Installation according to claim 16, wherein the cooling device is arranged to meet a minimum temperature threshold for the liquid phase of the liquefied gas and in which the control module (26) is connected to the cooling device and is arranged to determine the set pressure Pc1 by taking as variable T the minimum temperature threshold.
    [18" id="c-fr-0018]
    18. Installation according to claim 16, comprising a sensor adapted to measure an operating parameter of the liquefied gas cooling device representative of the minimum threshold likely to be reached by the liquid phase of the liquefied gas.
    [19" id="c-fr-0019]
    19. Installation according to any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the waterproofing membrane is a primary sealing membrane (7) and the thermally insulating barrier is a primary heat-insulating barrier (6), the multilayer structure comprising in addition a secondary heat-insulating barrier (3) which rests against the carrier structure (4) and comprises solids and a gaseous phase and a secondary sealing membrane (5) disposed between the secondary heat-insulating barrier (3) and the primary thermally insulating barrier (6).
    [20" id="c-fr-0020]
    20. Installation according to one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising a second pressure sensor (29) capable of measuring the pressure P2 in the secondary thermally insulating barrier and wherein the pumping device further comprises a second pump to vacuum (14) connected to the secondary thermally insulating barrier (3) for placing the gas phase of the secondary thermally insulating barrier (3) under a negative relative pressure, the control module (26) which is arranged to control the second pump in a vacuum (14) as a function of a set pressure Pc2 and the measurement of the pressure P2 of the gas phase of the secondary heat-insulating barrier (3).
    [21" id="c-fr-0021]
    21. Ship (70) having a double hull and a liquefied gas storage facility according to any one of claims 14 to 20, the tank (2) of the liquefied gas storage facility being disposed in the double hull.
    [22" id="c-fr-0022]
    A method of loading or unloading a vessel (70) according to claim 21, wherein a fluid is conveyed through isolated ducts (73, 79, 76, 81) to or from a floating or land storage facility ( 77) to or from the vessel vessel (71).
    [23" id="c-fr-0023]
    23. Transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising a ship (70) according to claim 21, insulated pipes (73, 79, 76, 81) arranged to connect the tank (71) installed in the hull of the ship. at a floating or land storage facility (77) and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR20190119181A|2019-10-21|
    KR102079267B1|2020-02-19|
    JP6605703B2|2019-11-13|
    CN107850260B|2020-03-31|
    EP3329172A2|2018-06-06|
    KR20180017105A|2018-02-20|
    WO2017017364A3|2017-04-13|
    WO2017017364A2|2017-02-02|
    KR102035643B1|2019-10-23|
    FR3039499B1|2018-12-07|
    JP2018529049A|2018-10-04|
    CN107850260A|2018-03-27|
    EP3329172B1|2021-08-04|
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    法律状态:
    2016-07-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-02-03| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170203 |
    2017-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-07-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-07-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-07-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1557250A|FR3039499B1|2015-07-29|2015-07-29|METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A PUMPING DEVICE CONNECTED TO A THERMALLY INSULATING BARRIER OF A STORAGE TANK OF A LIQUEFIED GAS|
    FR1557250|2015-07-29|FR1557250A| FR3039499B1|2015-07-29|2015-07-29|METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A PUMPING DEVICE CONNECTED TO A THERMALLY INSULATING BARRIER OF A STORAGE TANK OF A LIQUEFIED GAS|
    EP16750984.3A| EP3329172B1|2015-07-29|2016-07-22|Device for operating a pumping device connected to a thermally insulating barrier of a tank used for storing a liquefied gas|
    PCT/FR2016/051921| WO2017017364A2|2015-07-29|2016-07-22|Device for operating a pumping device connected to a thermally insulating barrier of a tank used for storing a liquefied gas|
    JP2018500401A| JP6605703B2|2015-07-29|2016-07-22|Method for controlling a pump connected to an insulated barrier of a liquefied gas storage tank|
    KR1020187000624A| KR102035643B1|2015-07-29|2016-07-22|Device for operating a pumping device connected to a thermally insulating barrier of a tank used for storing a liquefied gas|
    CN201680040600.8A| CN107850260B|2015-07-29|2016-07-22|Device for operating a pumping device connected to a thermal insulation barrier of a tank for storing liquefied gas|
    KR1020197029938A| KR102079267B1|2015-07-29|2016-07-22|Method of controlling a pumping device connected to a thermally insulative barrier of a liquefied gas storage tank|
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