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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a melt-stable polyarylene ether ether ketone (PAEK) composition, characterized in that it comprises a phosphate salt, or a mixture of phosphate salts.
    公开号:FR3039157A1
    申请号:FR1556931
    申请日:2015-07-22
    公开日:2017-01-27
    发明作者:Guillaume Le；Philippe Bussi
    申请人:Arkema France SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    STABLE-MADE STABLE POLYARYLENE-ETHER-KETONE (PAEK) COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF STABILIZING SUCH
    COMPOSITION
    The invention relates to the field of polyarylene ether ketones.
    More particularly, the invention relates to a melt-stable polyarylene-ether-ketone (PAEK) -based composition, as well as a method for stabilizing the melt, of a composition based on PAEK.
    [Prior Art] The generic term polyarylene-ether-ketone (PAEK) refers to a family of high performance polymers with high thermomechanical properties. These polymers consist of aromatic rings linked by an oxygen atom (ether) and / or by a carbonyl group (ketone). Their properties depend mainly on the ether / ketone ratio. In the abbreviations used to name the materials of the PAEK family, the letter E designates an ether function and the letter K designates a ketone function. In the remainder of the description, these abbreviations will be used in place of the usual names to designate the compounds to which they relate.
    The PAEK family more particularly includes polyether ketone (PEK), polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyether-ether-ketone-ketone (PEEKK), polyether ketone-ketone-ketone (PEKK), poly-ether-ketone-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKEKK), polyether-ether-ketone-ether-ketone (PEEKEK), polyether-ether-ether-ketone (PEEEK) and poly-ether-diphenyl ether ketone (PEDEK).
    These polymers are used for demanding applications in temperature and / or mechanical or chemical stresses. These polymers are found in fields as varied as aeronautics, offshore drilling, medical implants. Depending on their nature and their applications, they can be implemented by various known techniques, such as molding, extrusion, compression molding, compounding, injection, calendering, thermoforming, rotomoulding, impregnation, laser sintering or even melt deposition molding (FDM) for example, at temperatures generally between 320 and 430 ° C.
    [0006] PAEKs have high melting temperatures, typically greater than 300 ° C. Therefore, to be able to be implemented, they must be melted at high temperature, typically greater than 320 ° C, preferably greater than 350 ° C, and more generally at a temperature of the order of 350 to 390 ° C. These temperatures obviously depend on PAEK structures considered and viscosities. In the state of the art, it is considered that the PAEK must be melted at a temperature at least 20 ° C. higher than the melting point of the PAEK in question.
    However, at such processing temperatures, melted PAEK are not stable with respect to thermo-oxidation if their composition is not optimized and / or in the absence of additives allowing to stabilize the structure. We then observe phenomena of evolution of the structure either by mechanisms of cleavage and / or extension of chains induced by connections and / or couplings from end of chains or defects. These defects can come from oxidation reactions, under the effect of the temperature and oxygen of the atmosphere or already present in the polymer. These structural changes can go as far as the crosslinking of the polymer and also lead to releases of compounds, among which mention may be made of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), phenols and aromatic ethers. These phenomena of structural evolution lead to a degradation of the physicochemical and / or mechanical properties of the PAEKs and an evolution of their melt viscosity. These developments make it more difficult to use these polymers in the molten state, for example inducing variations not only in the operating parameters of the machines used for the polymer processing, but also in the appearance and dimensions of the products. obtained after transformation.
    Solutions have already been considered to stabilize the PAEK compositions in the molten state, but they are not entirely satisfactory to date.
    No. 5,208,278 discloses the use of organic bases for stabilizing PAEKs. According to the authors of this document, these organic bases make it possible to capture the acidity in the polymer. Examples show a better stability of the viscosity in the molten state, but still in a confined environment, that is to say in the absence of an environment with oxygen. On the other hand, the use of these organic bases is problematic because they can evaporate and / or they generate volatile organic compounds at processing temperatures of PAEK.
    The stabilizers, metal oxide type, as described in US3925307 or aluminosilicates, as described in US4593061 also allow to capture the acidity but do not sufficiently improve the stability of the polymer melt vis-à-vis the thermal oxidation and can themselves generate structural changes. On the other hand, to achieve sufficient stability, it is necessary to add very large amounts of these additives which can then also have a charging action impacting the properties of the polymer and its implementation.
    US5,063,265, US 5,145,894 and WO2013 / 164855 disclose the use of aromatic organophosphorus compounds for stabilizing melted PAEK compositions either alone or in synergy with another additive. For example, US Pat. No. 5,063,265 describes the use of a phosphonite, and more particularly tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) [1,1-biphenyl] -4,4-diylbisphosphonite, noted by US Pat. following PEP-Q, and an organic acid to stabilize PAEK. Such organophosphorus compounds have a low degree of oxidation. They are typically in oxidation state 2 or 3, and therefore act as a reducing agent for the peroxide groups in the molten polymer. A major disadvantage of these aromatic organophosphorus compounds, such as phosphonites or phosphites for example, lies in the fact that they are sensitive to hydrolysis and therefore it is very difficult to incorporate them by water or during of a synthesis process. On the other hand, they are not sufficiently stable at processing temperatures so that they degrade by generating the emission of volatile organic compounds.
    However, for example in the field of the manufacture of structural composites by impregnation, three main routes are possible: - either it is impregnated by melting the polymer above its melting temperature and often in the presence of air. It is thus understood that the polymer matrix must not be too sensitive to thermo-oxidation phenomena. On the other hand, if there is generation of volatile organic compounds, this can lead to defects in the impregnation, with formation of porosities harmful to the properties of the final composite material, or a solvent route is used. However, PAEKs are only soluble in a few organic solvents, generally very acidic, or hot in heavy solvents such as diphenylsulfone. In addition to the difficulty of using this type of solvent, it is very difficult to eliminate it completely, which can generate the same difficulties as volatile organic compounds. or, more generally, an aqueous suspension of PAEK powder is used, as described in the document entitled "Wet impregnation as road to unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites manufacturing", K.K.C.Ho & al. Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 2011, Vol. 40, No. 2, p.100-107. Thus, for example, a suspension of PEKK powder and a surfactant which is deposited on carbon or glass fibers for example is used. The fibers are passed through an oven to evaporate the water and then into a high temperature die, typically greater than 400 ° C, so that the polymer melts and coats the carbon fibers. The pre-impregnated ribbons obtained are then used to form composite objects by heating them again at high temperature.
    Therefore, the fact that the stabilizer is sensitive to hydrolysis and thermally degraded poses a problem during its incorporation into the molten polymer and / or during the implementation, at high temperature, of the polymer. In addition, the volatile organic compounds that are released during the degradation of the stabilizer, are malodorous, harmful to the environment and / or health and create porosities in the composite material in manufacture, resulting in mechanical defects in the finished composite part . Finally, during impregnation of the fibers, the volatile organic compounds emitted can further hinder the coating of the fibers and generate significant mechanical defects in the resulting objects.
    W09001510 describes a treatment of a PAEK polymer powder in an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt at high temperature and under pressure for 3 hours to reduce the level of impurities. The polymer thus treated is then filtered and washed with water three times and then dried for 16 hours. There is no indication in this document that the phosphate salt, which is soluble in water, actually remains in the polymer powder. In addition, the described treatment is heavy and long to implement and is very different from an additivation. Finally, nothing says in this document, it is effective against the phenomenon of thermo-oxidation since the stability is evaluated in a confined environment. The salts of phosphates are in fact known to be used in other polymer matrices, such as polysulphones, or polyvinyl chlorides, for example, to capture the acidity and the chlorides contained in the polymer. Such uses are described, for example, in documents US Pat. No. 3,794,615, EP0933395 or US2013 / 0281587, but again there is no mention of a stabilizing action in the presence of air.
    [Technical problem] [0015] The invention therefore aims to remedy at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the object of the invention is to propose a composition based on PAEK, which is stable in the molten state with respect to thermo-oxidation, and which does not generate the emission of volatile organic compounds.
    The invention also aims to propose a melt stabilization process, a composition based on PAEK, vis-à-vis the thermo-oxidation phenomena and not only under the sole effect of the temperature.
    [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION] Surprisingly, it has been discovered that a poly-arylene-ether-ketone (PAEK) composition is stable in the molten state, characterized in that it comprises a phosphate salt, or a mixture of phosphate salts, has a very high stability in the molten state with respect to the thermo-oxidation, even in the presence of air, without release of volatile organic compounds, the stabilizer used being very stable at high temperature, typically above 350 ° C, and insensitive to hydrolysis. Since the phosphate salts are mainly soluble in water, their incorporation into the PAEK-based composition is facilitated.
    According to other optional features of the composition: - the (s) phosphate salt (s) is (are) chosen from at least one of the following salts: a salt (s) phosphate (s) of ammonium, sodium, calcium, zinc, aluminum, potassium, magnesium, zirconium, barium, lithium or rare earths. the phosphate salt (s) is (are) more particularly chosen from at least one of the following compounds: anhydrous monosodium phosphate, monohydrate or dihydrate, anhydrous disodium phosphate, dihydrate, heptahydrate, octahydrate, or dodecahydrate, hexagonal anhydrous trisodium phosphate, cubic anhydride, hemihydrate, hexahydrate, octahydrate, dodecahydrate, ammonium dihydrogenphosphate, - phosphate salt (s) is (are) organometallic phosphate salt (s) (s), and more particularly sodium phosphate 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl), the proportions of phosphate salt in the composition are between 10 ppm and 50,000 ppm, preferably between 100 and 5000 ppm, the composition based on PAEK is more particularly a composition based on one of the following polymers: PEKK, PEEK, PEEKK, PEKEKK, PEEEK or PEDEK, the composition based on PAEK is more particularly a poly-ethyl composition her-ketone-ketone (PEKK), the composition based on PAEK is more particularly a composition based on PEKK, and comprises, in addition to PEKK, at least one of the following polymers: PEK, PEEKEK, PEEK, PEEKK , PEKEKK, PEEEK, PEDEK, with a content of less than 50% by weight of the composition, preferably less than or equal to 30% by weight of the composition. the composition also comprises at least one filler and / or at least one other additive, the composition is melt-stable under nitrogen, the composition is melt-stable in air, the phosphate salt or the mixture of phosphate salts, further acts as a nucleant in said composition.
    The invention also relates to a method for stabilizing the melt, a composition based on PAEK, said process comprising a step of incorporating a stabilizing agent vis-à-vis the phenomena of thermo-oxidation, said process being characterized in that the incorporated stabilizing agent is a phosphate salt, or a mixture of phosphate salts.
    Advantageously, the incorporation of the phosphate salt into the PAEK-based composition is carried out by one of the following techniques: dry blending, compounding, wet impregnation or during the polymer synthesis process. PAEK.
    The invention finally relates to an object manufactured by a technology selected from laser sintering, modeling by deposition of molten material, molding, injection, extrusion, thermoforming, rotational molding, compounding, compression molding or impregnation from a composition as described above.
    Other advantages and features of the invention will appear on reading the following description given by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, with reference to the accompanying figures which show: • Figure 1, a curve of viscosity complex complex, measured by an oscillatory rheometer as a function of time, of a non-stabilized reference product under nitrogen, FIG. 2, a thermogravimetric versus temperature curve of a reference stabilizer used for comparison.
    [Description of the Invention] The polyarylene ether ketones (PAEKs) used in the invention comprise the units of the following formulas: (- Ar - X -) and (- Ari - Y -) in which :
    Ar and Ari each denote a divalent aromatic radical;
    Ar and Ar may be chosen, preferably, from 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 1,5-naphthylene and 2,6 naphthylene; X denotes an electron-withdrawing group; it can preferably be chosen from carbonyl group and sulphonyl group. Y denotes a group selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an alkylene group, such as -CH2- and isopropylidene.
    In these units X and Y, at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and more particularly, at least 80% of the X groups are a carbonyl group, and at least 50%, preferably at least 70% and more particularly at least at least 80% of the Y groups represent an oxygen atom.
    According to a preferred embodiment, 100% of the X groups denote a carbonyl group and 100% of the Y groups represent an oxygen atom.
    More preferably, the polyarylene ether ketone (PAEK) may be chosen from: a polyether ketone ketone also called PEKK comprising units of formula I A, of formula I B and their mixture:
    Formula I A
    Formula I B - a poly-ether-ether-ketone also called PEEK comprising units of formula MA:
    Formula MA
    In the same way we can introduce para sequences in these structures at the level of the ethers and ketones according to the formula MB:
    Formula MB The sequence can be totally para but one can also introduce meta sequences partially or totally:
    Formula III
    Or :
    Form IV
    Or sequences in ortho according to the formula V:
    Formula V - a polyether ketone also called PEK, comprising units of formula VI;
    Form VI
    In the same way, the sequence can be totally para but one can also introduce meta sequences partially or totally (formulas VII and VIII):
    Formula VII Or
    Formula VIII - a poly-ether-ether-ketone-ketone also called PEEKK, comprising units of formulas IX:
    Form IX
    In the same way we can introduce meta sequences in these structures at the level of ethers and ketones. a poly-ether-ether-ether-ketone also called PEEEK, comprising units of formulas X:
    Formula X
    In the same way we can introduce meta sequences in these structures at the level of ethers and ketones but also biphenolic chains according to formula XI:
    Form XI
    Other arrangements of the carbonyl group and the oxygen atom are also possible.
    The composition object of the invention is based on PAEK. More particularly, the composition is a composition based on polyether ketone ketone (PEKK).
    According to one embodiment variant, the composition based on PAEK may also be a composition based on one of the following polymers: PEEK, PEEKK, PEKEKK, PEEEK or PEDEK.
    The composition based on PAEK may also be a composition based on a mixture of polymers of the PAEK family. Thus, the composition may be based on PEKK and comprise, in addition to PEKK, at least one of the following polymers: PEK, PEEKEK, PEEK, PEEKK, PEKEKK, PEEEK, PEDEK, with a content of less than 50% by weight of the composition, preferably less than or equal to 30% by weight of the composition.
    Advantageously, the PAEK composition according to the invention is stable in the molten state through the incorporation of a phosphate salt in the composition.
    According to one variant, the stabilizer incorporated in the composition may be a mixture of phosphate salts.
    It has in fact been discovered that such a phosphate salt can stabilize a composition of PAEK in the molten state both under nitrogen and under air. This stabilizing effect of PAEK in the molten state under air is very surprising and it was not at all intuitive for a person skilled in the art to choose to incorporate a phosphate salt to stabilize a PAEK in the molten state vis- to a phenomenon of thermo-oxidation. A phosphate salt has indeed a maximum degree of oxidation so that it is not known to be an antioxidant. However, in the presence of oxygen in the air, it is able to stabilize the polymer in the molten state with respect to the thermooxidation phenomenon. This gives a viscosity, the composition in the molten state, more stable compared to the same composition free of phosphate salt, which means that the phenomena of chain extension, by branching phenomena among others, are more limited.
    The phosphate salt is therefore a stabilizing active ingredient PAEK compositions in the molten state, even in the presence of air, with an efficiency as large as an aromatic organophosphorus compound. Nevertheless, it also has a considerable advantage over an aromatic organophosphorus compound because it does not hydrolyze and generates no organic volatile compound emission.
    Advantageously, one or more phosphate salt (s) may (may) be incorporated into the composition based on PAEK. The phosphate salt is advantageously chosen from phosphate salt (s) of ammonium, sodium, calcium, zinc, aluminum, potassium, magnesium, zirconium, barium and lithium. or rare earths. Preferably, the phosphate salt (s) is (are) salt (s) of inorganic or organometallic phosphate.
    The phosphate salt (s) is (are) more particularly chosen from at least one of the following compounds: anhydrous monosodium phosphate, monohydrate or dihydrate, disodium phosphate anhydrous, dihydrate, heptahydrate, octahydrate. , or dodecahydrate, hexagonal anhydrous trisodium phosphate, cubic anhydride, hemihydrate, hexahydrate, octahydrate, dodecahydrate, and / or ammonium dihydrogenphosphate.
    When the phosphate salt used is an organometallic phosphate salt, it is preferably sodium phosphate 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl).
    Preferably, the phosphate salt, or the mixture of phosphate salts, is incorporated in the composition based on PAEK in proportions of between 10 ppm and 50,000 ppm, and even more preferably between 100 and 100 ppm.
    Another surprising effect related to the incorporation of the phosphate salt in the composition based on PAEK lies in the fact that it acts as a nucleating agent. Increasing the kinetics of crystallization to a crystallizable product under standard processing conditions, or for example laser sintering, and thus having a semi-crystalline PEKK, is advantageous for certain properties such as chemical resistance. In addition, such a nucleating agent makes it possible to control the crystalline morphology of the polymer, and in particular the size of the crystalline zones (or spherulites), in order to ensure a constancy in the mechanical properties of the polymer and this, whatever the conditions of setting use of the polymer.
    The invention furthermore relates to a method for stabilizing the melt, of a composition based on PAEK, said process comprising a step of incorporating a stabilizing agent with respect to the phenomena thermo-oxidation process, said process being characterized in that the stabilizing agent incorporated is a phosphate salt, or a mixture of phosphate salts.
    The incorporation of the phosphate salt into the PAEK-based composition can be carried out by one of the following techniques: dry blending (also known as "dry blend"), compounding, wet impregnation or during the synthesis process of the PAEK polymer.
    The synthesis process of a PAEK generally consists of a polycondensation. The synthesis can be carried out in two ways: a nucleophilic path, in which ether linkages form during the polymerization step, or an electrophilic path, in which carbonyl bridges are formed during the polymerization step. PEKK, for example, results from a Friedel-Crafts polycondensation reaction between DPE (diphenyl ether) and a terephthaloyl chloride and / or isophthaloyl chloride, for example.
    Advantageously, the stabilized composition based on PAEK can be obtained in the form of granules by compounding, on a tool known to those skilled in the art, such as a twin-screw extruder, a comalizer, or an internal mixer. .
    The composition thus prepared can then be transformed for subsequent use or processing known to those skilled in the art using tools such as an injection molding machine, an extruder, laser sintering equipment. etc ....
    The method for preparing the composition according to the invention may also use a twin-screw extruder feeding, without intermediate granulation, an injection molding machine or an extruder according to an implementation device known by the man of the invention. art.
    The stabilized composition based on PAEK can also be obtained in the form of powder, by dry kneading for example (better known under the English terminology "Dry Blend").
    From the composition obtained which can be either in the form of granules or in the form of powder, it is possible to manufacture different objects by a laser sintering technique, injection or extrusion, thermoforming, rotational molding , compression molding, or impregnation for example.
    Wet impregnation, for example, to manufacture pre-impregnated composite tapes, also called in their English terminology "tape" is to deposit on carbon fibers or glass for example, an aqueous dispersion PAEK powder and phosphate salt (s). More particularly, the dispersion may for example comprise a PEKK powder and phosphate salt (s) and a surfactant in aqueous solution. The fibers thus coated with the aqueous dispersion are then passed through an oven to evaporate the water. Then they are passed through a high temperature die, typically greater than 370 ° C, in order to melt the stabilized PEKK polymer and to coat the fibers properly. After cooling, we obtain "tapes" or pre-impregnated tapes that are then used by assembling and / or superimposing them, to remelt and form composite objects.
    A great advantage of phosphate salts lies in the fact that even heated to very high temperature, greater than or equal to 350 ° C for example, they do not generate the emission of volatile organic compounds but they simply lose the water, in the form of steam. Therefore, the phosphate salts pose no risk to the environment and / or health and they do not create porosities that could hinder the coating of the fibers and / or generate the appearance of defects in the final object manufactured, which may then lead to a degradation of the mechanical properties.
    The composition based on PAEK and phosphate salt (s) as defined above, may be prepared by any known method, to obtain a homogeneous mixture containing the composition according to the invention and optionally other additives, fillers, other polymers. Such a method can be chosen from dry blending techniques (or dry blending using, for example, a roll kneader), melt extrusion, compounding, or wet impregnation or during the blending process. synthesis of the polymer.
    More particularly, the composition according to the invention may be prepared by melt blending of all its components, especially in a so-called live process.
    Compounding, for example, is a process which makes it possible to mix by melting plastics and / or additives and / or fillers. To manufacture the composition, the raw materials, in the form of granules, are arranged in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder.
    The following examples illustrate in a non-limiting way the scope of the invention:
    Example 1: Viscosity Measurements under Nitrogen Several PEKK-based compositions were prepared. A control composition Ct of PEKK containing no stabilizer was prepared by a conventional synthesis method by polycondensation reaction.
    A second composition based on PEKK, referenced Cl, was prepared by wet impregnation, in which PEP-Q ([1,1-biphenyl] -4,4'-diylbisphosphonite tetrakis (2,4-di -ter-butylphenyl)), of formula (1) below, was incorporated at a height of 1000 ppm. This phosphonite is used as a comparative example to stabilize the PEKK composition.
    (1) [0054] A third composition based on PEKK, referenced C2, was prepared by aqueous impregnation, in which anhydrous monosodium phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4), also called sodium dihydrogenphosphate, of formula (2) below was incorporated at a height of 100Oppm.
    (2)
    A fourth composition based on PEKK, referenced C3, was prepared in the same way as the second and third compositions, by aqueous impregnation, in which sodium trimetaphosphate (NasPsOg), also called anhydrous trisodium phosphate, of formula (3) below, has been incorporated to the extent of 100Oppm. (3) [0056] A fifth composition based on PEKK, referenced C4 was prepared in the same way as the previous compositions, by impregnation with acetone, in which an organic phosphate, and more particularly triphenyl phosphate of formula (4 ) below, has been incorporated to the extent of 100Oppm.
    (4) [0057] The melt viscosity of these compositions Ct-C4 was then measured, with an oscillatory rheometer as a function of time, at 380 ° C., under nitrogen, with a frequency of oscillation, also called solicitation, of 1 Hz, and with a deformation amplitude of 5%.
    The curve of Figure 1 represents the viscosity of the control composition Cj PEKK, measured in this manner. From the initial viscosity and the viscosity after a period of 30 minutes, the stability of the polymer over time, expressed as percentage of evolution of the viscosity (EV%), is calculated at 380 ° C. The stability of the polymer is then calculated according to the following formula:% EV = (viscosity at 30min-initial viscosity) / initial viscosity * 100 It follows from the curve of Figure 1 that stability, expressed as a percentage of evolution of the viscosity EV, the control composition Ct based on PEKK-based polymer, under nitrogen with a load of 1 Hz, is equal to 160%.
    Table I below groups the stability data (EV%) under nitrogen of the various compositions Ct to C4 obtained by wet impregnation with or without stabilizer.
    Table I
    The results presented in Table I show that the presence of a phosphate salt in a PEKK-based composition makes it possible to have a composition in the molten state which has a viscosity that is more stable over time. unlike the control composition CT whose viscosity increases rapidly over time, indicating chain elongations and therefore significant changes in the characteristics of the polymer.
    The organic phosphate (in the composition C4), even if it has a lesser effect compared to the phosphate salts, also makes it possible to obtain a composition in the molten state having a viscosity that is more stable than the composition. Witness Ct from PEKK.
    Example 2 Measurements of Viscosity Under Nitrogen and Under Air Several PEKK-based compounds were prepared by the compounding technique. The different compounds are made with an extruder of several compositions based on PEKK. The behavior of the various compositions at 380 ° C under nitrogen and in air was compared.
    A first control composition Ct 'of PEKK in the form of granules and having no stabilizer was prepared.
    A second composition based on PEKK, referenced C5, was prepared by the coumpoundage technique in which monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), of formula (1) above, was incorporated at a height of 100Oppm.
    A third composition based on PEKK, referenced C6, was prepared by the coumpoundage technique in which trisodium phosphate (NasPsOg), of formula (3) above, was incorporated at a height of 100Oppm.
    A fourth composition based on PEKK, referenced C7, was prepared by the compounding technique, in which ADK STAB NA-11UH (Sodium 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert) -butylphenyl) phosphate, of formula (5) below, has been incorporated at a height of 1000 ppm.
    (5) [0068] The melt viscosity of these compositions Ct ', C5, C6 and C7 was then measured, with an oscillatory rheometer as a function of time at 380 ° C., under nitrogen and then under air with a frequency of oscillation, also called stress, respectively of 1 Hz and 0.1 Hz and with a strain amplitude of 5%.
    Table II below summarizes the stability data (EV%) under nitrogen and air these different compositions obtained by cushioning with or without stabilizer.
    Table II
    The results in Table II show that the phosphate salts are good PEKK stabilizers both under nitrogen and under air. The most surprising stabilization phenomenon lies in the fact that, even in air, the viscosity measured in the molten state remains relatively stable. The phosphate salts are therefore very effective stabilizing agents vis-à-vis the thermo-oxidation phenomenon, and this even in the presence of air.
    Example 3: Influence of the ratio of phosphate salt incorporated.
    Several compositions based on PEKK were prepared. A control composition Ct of PEKK containing no stabilizer was prepared by a conventional synthesis method by polycondensation reaction. The other compositions are based on PEKK and each comprise anhydrous trisodium phosphate at different contents.
    The compared compositions are prepared by aqueous impregnation.
    The composition referenced C8 in Table III below comprises SOOppm anhydrous trisodium phosphate, while the composition referenced C9 comprises 1000 ppm and the composition referenced C10 comprises SOOOppm.
    The melt viscosity of these compositions Ct, C8, C9 and C10 was then measured, with an oscillatory rheometer as a function of time at 380 ° C., under nitrogen, with a load of 1 Hz and with a strain amplitude of 5%.
    Table III below includes the stability data (EV%) under nitrogen of these different compositions.
    Table III
    It appears from Table III that the stability over time of the viscosity of the composition in the molten state increases with the phosphate salt content.
    Example 4: Influence of the cation [0077] Several compositions based on PEKK were prepared. A control composition Ct of PEKK containing no stabilizer was prepared by a conventional synthesis method by polycondensation reaction. The other compositions are based on PEKK and each comprise a different counterion dihydrogenphosphate.
    The composition referenced C11 in Table IV below comprises 1000 ppm of anhydrous sodium dihydrogenphosphate (of formula (1) above). while the composition referenced C12 comprises 1000 ppm of ammonium dihydrogenphosphate.
    The melt viscosity of these compositions Ct, C11 and C12 was then measured, with an oscillatory rheometer as a function of time, at 380 ° C., under nitrogen, with a load of 1 Hz and with an amplitude of deformation of 5%.
    Table IV below includes the stability data (EV%) under nitrogen of these different compositions.
    Table IV
    It is apparent from Table IV that the presence of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a PEKK-based composition makes it possible to obtain a composition in the molten state which has a more stable viscosity. over time, unlike the control composition CT whose viscosity increases rapidly over time, indicating chain elongations and therefore significant changes in the characteristics of the polymer.
    Example 4: Thermal Stability The phosphate salts incorporated in the composition based on PAEK are moreover very thermally stable. In fact, for phosphate salts, the weight losses measured correspond to water losses. The phenomenon that occurs then, for example with the monosodium phosphate, is a dehydration and a dimerization according to the following equation (A):
    (A) [0083] PEP-Q, for its part, begins to degrade and to emit organic compounds at a temperature of the order of 200 ° C.
    The thermogravimetry (TG) curves as a function of the temperature T (° C) presented in the graph of FIG. 2 make it possible to demonstrate a loss of weight of the phosphate salts due to a loss of water. while phosphonite PEP-Q degrades rapidly from 200 ° C by emitting volatile organic compounds.
    The phosphate salts thus have a high thermal stability combined with a high stability vis-à-vis the thermo-oxidation phenomena.
    Example 5: Additional nucleation effect of phosphate salts [0087] A crystallization study was carried out on different samples, referenced E1 to E4, of different compositions and listed in Table V below.
    The crystallization study is carried out by differential scanning calorimetry, denoted DSC. DSC, the English acronym for Differential Scanning Calorimetry, is a thermal analysis technique for measuring differences in heat exchange between a sample to be analyzed and a reference.
    To carry out this crystallization study, the Q 2000 equipment of the TA instruments company was used. The study was conducted in anisothermic and isothermal crystallization.
    The samples studied are in the form of granules. A control sample based on PEKK, referenced E1, is compared with samples E2 and E3 based on PEKK and a phosphate salt in the same proportions. The different samples are more particularly described in Table V below.
    Anisothermic Crystallization The protocol of the DSC in anisotherm, on the different samples E1 to E3, consists initially in stabilizing the temperature at 20 ° C. The temperature is then increased progressively, with a ramp of 20 ° C. per minute up to 380 ° C., and then again gradually decreased to 20 ° C., in a reverse ramp of 20 ° C. per minute.
    The crystallization is studied during the cooling step. The heat flux is measured as a function of the temperature, and a curve representing revolution of the heat flux as a function of the temperature is obtained for each sample studied. The crystallization temperature, denoted Te and expressed in degrees Celsius, is then determined for each sample, projecting on the abscissa axis the maximum of the corresponding curve. This determination is made directly by the DSC equipment used. The crystallization temperature Te measured for each sample E1 to E3 is reported in Table V below.
    Isothermal Crystallization An isothermal DSC analysis was further carried out on samples E1 to E3 to measure the half-crystallization time. For this, the isothermal DSC protocol comprises the following three steps: a first step consists in a first step of stabilizing the temperature at 20 ° C, a second step is then to increase the temperature gradually, with a ramp of 20 ° C per minute, up to 380 ° C. Finally, the temperature is decreased from 380 ° C to 315 ° C, at a ramp of 20 ° C per minute, and then stabilized at 315 ° C for one hour.
    Table V
    It follows from Table V of the results obtained that the half-crystallization time is about 3.1 minutes for sample El PEKK granule control. The half-crystallization time of a polymer is the time required for the crystallization of 50% of this polymer.
    The half-crystallization time of samples E2 and E3 whose composition comprises phosphate salts is decreased while the crystallization temperature increases. This phenomenon is due to the nucleating effect of the phosphate salts. Thus, for large bars obtained with such a composition, the nucleating effect makes it possible to avoid the appearance of large crystallized zones and to obtain good mechanical properties.
    Regarding the granules intended to be used in injection or extrusion, the accelerated crystallization makes it possible to control the crystalline morphology and in particular the size of the spherulites, and thus to ensure specific mechanical properties and constancy of the latter.
    Regarding the granules intended to be used by aqueous impregnation, the hydrated phosphate salts can be used in the composition. The anhydrous phosphate salts are, however, preferred because water can be released during the subsequent treatment of the composition which may result in a possible negative effect on the physical properties of the composition.
    The phosphate salts are therefore good stabilizers PAEK, and more particularly, but not exclusively, PEKK. These phosphate salts also combine several very advantageous effects. They provide indeed a temperature stability in the absence or in the presence of air and they are stable vis-à-vis the hydrolysis, contrary to other phosphorus stabilizers such as phosphites or phosphonites such as PEP-Q, and do not generate volatile organic compounds but simply water vapor. They also combine all the positive effects of a stabilizer for the transformation: they make it possible to limit color evolutions during the transformation, they make it possible to improve the stability of the structure in the molten state, reducing in a significant way the evolution of the polymer chains and thus preserving the crystalline and mechanical properties of the material. Finally, they act as a nucleant and residual acid regulator (buffer effect), so that they can also help protect the equipment against corrosion.
    The phosphate salts may also be easily incorporated in the PAEK polymer, either by impregnation in aqueous solution, or by dry mixing, or by compounding.
    They can finally be used in synergy with other additives, such as other stabilizers and / or nucleants for example, and in the presence of continuous or dispersed filler (s), and plasticizers. .
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A poly-arylene-ether-ketone-based (PAEK) composition which is stable in the molten state, characterized in that it comprises a phosphate salt, or a mixture of phosphate salts.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the phosphate salt (s) is (are) chosen from at least one of the following salts: a salt (s) of phosphate of ammonium, sodium, calcium, zinc, potassium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, barium, lithium, or rare earths.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Composition according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the phosphate salt (s) is (are) more particularly chosen from at least one of the following compounds: monosodium phosphate anhydrous, monohydrate or dihydrate, anhydrous disodium phosphate, dihydrate, heptahydrate, octahydrate, or dodecahydrate, hexagonal anhydrous trisodium phosphate, cubic anhydride, hemihydrate, hexahydrate, octahydrate, dodecahydrate, ammonium dihydrogenphosphate.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the or phosphate salt (s) is (are) salt (s) organometallic phosphate (s), and more particularly the phosphate of sodium 2,2'-methylene-bis- (4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the proportions of phosphate salt in the composition are between 10ppm and SOOOOppm, preferably between 100 and SOOOppm.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition based on PAEK is more particularly a composition based on one of the following polymers: PEKK, PEEK, PEEKK, PEKEKK, PEEEK or PEDEK.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition based on PAEK is more particularly a composition of poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Composition according to Claim 7, characterized in that the composition based on PAEK is more particularly a composition based on PEKK, and comprises, in addition to PEKK, at least one of the following polymers: PEK, PEEKEK, PEEK , PEEKK, PEKEKK, PEEEK, PEDEK, with a content of less than 50% by weight of the composition, preferably less than or equal to 30% by weight of the composition.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one filler and / or at least one other additive.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is stable in the molten state under nitrogen.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is stable in the molten state in air.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the phosphate salt, or the mixture of phosphate salts, also acts as a nucleating agent in said composition.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Process for the melt stabilization of a composition based on PAEK, said process comprising a step of incorporating a stabilizing agent with respect to thermooxidation phenomena, said process being characterized in the incorporated stabilizing agent is a phosphate salt, or a mixture of phosphate salts.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Process according to claim 13, characterized in that the incorporation of the phosphate salt into the PAEK-based composition is carried out by one of the following techniques: dry mixing, compounding, wet impregnation or in the course of the process. synthesis of the PAEK polymer.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Object manufactured by a technology selected from laser sintering, melt deposition modeling, molding, injection, extrusion, thermoforming, rotomolding, compression molding, compounding or impregnation from a composition according to one of claims 1 to 12.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1556931A|FR3039157B1|2015-07-22|2015-07-22|STABLE-MADE STABLE POLYARYLENE-ETHER-KETONECOMPOSITION AND METHOD OF STABILIZING SUCH A COMPOSITION|
    FR1556931|2015-07-22|FR1556931A| FR3039157B1|2015-07-22|2015-07-22|STABLE-MADE STABLE POLYARYLENE-ETHER-KETONECOMPOSITION AND METHOD OF STABILIZING SUCH A COMPOSITION|
    EP20200205.1A| EP3778708A1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Melt stable polyaryl-ether-ketonebased composition|
    JP2018503135A| JP6640983B2|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Compositions made from poly which are stable in the molten state|
    EP16757297.3A| EP3325536A1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Method for stabilising a composition made from poly |
    JP2018503131A| JP6824956B2|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|A method for stabilizing a composition made from poly|
    CN201680042844.XA| CN107849237B|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Composition made of poly stable in the molten state|
    BR112018000895-8A| BR112018000895A2|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|method for stabilizing a composition made from poly|
    US15/746,131| US20180201759A1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Composition made from polystable in a molten state|
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    US15/746,142| US10988596B2|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Method for stabilising a composition made from poly |
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    EP16757296.5A| EP3325535B1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Melt stable polyaryl-ether-ketonebased composition|
    PCT/FR2016/051894| WO2017013368A1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Composition made from polystable in a molten state|
    KR1020187005000A| KR102160346B1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Composition made from polystable in a molten state|
    BR112018000869-9A| BR112018000869A2|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|composition made from stable melted poly|
    ES16757296T| ES2833103T3|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Composition based on melt stable polyarylene ether ketone |
    PCT/FR2016/051895| WO2017013369A1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Method for stabilising a composition made from poly |
    KR1020187005001A| KR102160347B1|2015-07-22|2016-07-21|Method for stabilising a composition made from poly |
    JP2020200166A| JP2021036055A|2015-07-22|2020-12-02|Method for stabilizing composition made from poly |
    US17/179,080| US20210171732A1|2015-07-22|2021-02-18|Composition made from polywhich is stable in the molten state and method for stabilizing such a composition|
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