• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    A method for manufacturing a conduit piece for conducting a fluid, the conduit piece, particularly an additively manufactured conduit piece, comprising a conduit member (1) for conducting a fluid of a first opening to a second opening and a duct branch (2) connected to the duct member (1), for conducting the fluid to a third opening, an outer area of the duct piece being made in accordance with the load of the duct (1); using a numerical optimization program and comprising for it in its outer zone a plurality of irregular topological structures. As part of the manufacturing process, a notch (3) is made on the inner face of the duct member (1), which serves to reduce a tension in a high load state of the duct piece or the conduit member (1), a particulate-laden gas stream is conducted through the interior of the duct piece to smooth the inner face of the duct piece and / or the duct piece is subjected to a pressure stress, in order to generate a plastic deformation on an inner face of the duct piece.
    公开号:FR3038856A1
    申请号:FR1656642
    申请日:2016-07-11
    公开日:2017-01-20
    发明作者:Kroll Lothar；Frank Schubert；Stefan Demmig；Sebastian Blumer；Alexander Altmann；Camille Kunzi；David Holzler；Gerhard Hummel
    申请人:Liebherr Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A DUCT PIECE
    The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a duct piece, in particular a duct piece made additively.
    [0002] In recent years, for complex parts in the technical fields of aviation and space, more and more emphasis is placed on additive manufacturing. In contrast to the traditional technique of working with the formation of chips of metallic elements, additive manufacturing uses only the quantities of material which have a hydraulic or structural mechanical function. More particularly on a valve block for flight control actuators and landing gear systems, a chip-forming process is not able, due to the complex design of the conduits, to remove all quantities of material which have no structural mechanical function. In contrast, by a piece of duct manufactured additively or generatively, this type of accumulation of unnecessary material is prevented. The resulting weight reduction is another advantage of the use of additively manufactured parts in the technical fields of aviation and space.
    It is known from the practice of using conduits carrying fluids, which have been generated generatively and which are complexly branched, that they have a tendency of non-operation in case of dynamic stress. . Reasons for this are insufficient surface quality and / or insufficient resistance to oscillations, the metallic material produced by an additive manufacturing process. This observation is valid for all currently known manufacturing processes such as "Selective Laser Melting" (SLM), "Selective Laser Sintering" (SLS) or "Electron Beam Melting" (EBM), all of which can be used for manufacturing generative of a metal component. In everyday language, additive manufacturing and the generative production of a material are also referred to as "3D printing".
    The aforementioned problems are solved by a method according to independent claim 1 or by a combination with one or more of the independent claims.
    According to the manufacturing method according to the invention, the duct piece, in particular an additively-formed duct piece, comprises a duct element for conducting a fluid from a first opening to a second opening and a bypass of duct connected to the duct element, for conducting the fluid to a third opening, an outer zone of the duct piece being made according to the load using a numerical optimization program and comprising for that in its outer zone a plurality of irregular topological structures. As part of the manufacturing process, a cut is made on the inner face of the duct element, which serves to reduce a voltage in a high load state of the duct piece or the duct member, a flow particle-laden gas is conducted from the inside of the duct piece to smooth the inner face of the duct piece and / or the duct piece is subjected to a pressure stress to generate plastic deformation on the duct piece; an inner face of the duct piece.
    The conduit piece comprises a conduit member for conducting a fluid from a first opening to a second opening and a conduit bypass connected to the conduit member, for conducting the fluid to a third opening. Preferably, the conduit piece is formed of a metallic material. The branch is connected to the conduit element and makes possible an alternative flow path for a fluid passing through the conduit element. Since the conduit part comprises, for the inlet and outlet of the fluid, two openings and a flow channel, so the conduit element, connecting these openings, the conduit branch is disposed in the conduit element so as to such that the flow channel has a link to a third opening. By the conduit bypass, it is thus possible to combine two independent fluid streams and let them out of the conduit part through a common opening or to enter the conduit part a common fluid flow and let them out separately by the other two openings.
    The notch on the inner face of the conduit member serves to reduce a voltage of the conduit member in a state of high stress. In this context, the notch denotes a groove which represents a locally limited excavation with respect to the surrounding level of the inner face but which does not cross a wall thickness of the duct element. The inner face of the conduit member refers to the areas of a conduit member that, when guiding a fluid, can come into contact therewith.
    In the simplified case of a duct element made additively, it comprises for example a cylindrical base body whose side surface is crossed by a duct branch also having a cylindrical shape. Here it is clear that the inner face of the cylindrical basic shapes, when it guides a fluid, comes into contact therewith.
    Providing the notch on the inner face of the duct element can redirect the flow of force that is generated during the application of a fluid under pressure to the duct element and thus contributes to reduction of notch stresses in conduit leads.
    For another improvement in the permanent use characteristics of the duct piece, it is expected that an outer area of the duct piece is made consistent with the load using a digital optimization program and for this it comprises in its outer zone a plurality of irregular topological structures.
    With the aid of the optimization program, the state of the duct piece during the delivery of a fluid under high pressure is simulated, and from these calculations, a corresponding optimal external shape is deducted. This form of optimal design is reflected in a plurality of irregular topological structures in the outer zone. By taking advantage of the digital optimization program, the construction design of the duct piece is performed so that the outer shape can be made according to the load. This approach is particularly advantageous when the internal structures of the duct piece are subject to strong geometric limitations and do not allow for, or only few, topological modifications.
    By providing the irregular structures in the outer zone, the parts of the duct part particularly sensitive to pressure or the parts of the duct part particularly stressed during the introduction of a fluid under very strong pressure are reinforced in their structure by a thicker embodiment, whereby the characteristic of permanent use of the duct piece is improved. Other less stressed areas of the duct piece are, on the other hand, made less thick in order to consume as little material as possible.
    Furthermore, the invention discloses in the manufacturing process the characteristic that, to smooth the inner face of the duct piece, a particle-laden gas flow is conducted through the inside of the duct piece.
    By smoothing the surface roughness, the mechanical stressing capacity of the duct piece increases. According to the invention, the inner face of the duct piece is smoothed by means of a particle-laden gas flow which is conducted through the interior of the duct piece. For example, a particle-laden gas stream is introduced at a first opening of the duct piece and is taken out at a second opening of the duct piece. Since the particles hit the inner wall of the duct piece on their way from the first opening to the second opening, there is a removal of quantities of powder or granules possibly attached thereto which originate from the manufacturing process of the generative manufacturing. In addition, a reduction in the surface roughness is achieved by collision of the particles with the inner wall of the duct piece. An inner wall thus smoothed of the duct piece allows a greater mechanical stress such as when conveying a fluid under pressure.
    Furthermore, the invention may furthermore have the characteristic that the duct piece is subjected to a pressure stress, the pressure stress on an inner face of the duct piece being greater than the elastic limit of the duct portion. material of the duct piece. Preferably, the subjection to a pressure constraint is implemented by introducing a medium into the conduit piece.
    By subjecting the duct piece to a pressure using the medium, so great a solicitation of the material is obtained in an area on the inner face of the duct piece that this area is exposed to a pressure which is greater than the yield strength of the material. The pressure is so great that the material is deformed. By this, in additively-produced components, inherent pressures of pressure can be generated which have a positive influence on the characteristics of permanent use.
    It is therefore introduced into a duct piece, a medium that generates, inside the duct piece, a pressure so great that the elastic limit of the material is exceeded on the inner wall of the room. leads. Typically, the material stress in the surface of the pressure-oriented conduit piece is greater than the yield strength of the material. In this context, it is furthermore advantageous to choose the pressure range in such a way that the surface of the duct piece remote from the pressure face is deformed in a linearly elastic manner.
    [0018] Preferably, the duct piece is made additively by superposing a particulate material in a predetermined area on a base layer of the duct piece to be produced and by heating the layered particulate material to the same. using a heat source such that the particles bond to each other and / or to the base layer within the material within a predetermined size range. It is clear to those skilled in the art that these manufacturing steps can be repeated successively at will until a blank or a blank segment is fully or partially finished.
    Is considered duct piece made additively, each generatively realized element which is capable of driving a fluid.
    Preferably, the notch is formed so that the notch extends substantially along a direction of flow of the duct element and / or substantially along the longitudinal direction of the element of the duct element. leads. A particularly effective voltage reduction is then observed in the duct piece when introducing or conducting a highly pressurized fluid.
    According to another advantageous advantageous feature of the invention, it is advantageous that the notch is formed so as to extend substantially rectilinearly. By this, one also obtains a reduction of the tensions which appear.
    In addition, it is advantageous that the notch has a shape corresponding to a portion of an outer surface of the cylinder. Preferably, the notch is shaped so that it can be formed upon a depression of a cylinder body in the inner face of the conduit member. The shape of the recess may well be described by a geometric cylinder shape which is depressed on a certain dimension in the inner face of the conduit member. The depth of penetration of the geometric cylinder does not necessarily need to be half the diameter of the cylinder, but may be less than or more than half the diameter of the cylinder. This results in a recess having approximately the shape of a tank or barrel. It is clear to those skilled in the art that to form such a notch, it is obviously not necessary to first form a homogeneous inner face of the duct element but that the notch can be taken into account already during additive manufacturing. In this context, the shape advantageously used of a barrel or the recess of the notch having the shape of a tank can be provided directly during the additive manufacturing.
    It is further advantageous if the notch is disposed partially or totally in an inner circumferential zone of the duct element in which is also located the duct branch of the duct element. This characteristic therefore describes a geometrical relationship of arrangement position between the notch and the duct branch of the duct element. Here the inner circumferential zone is considered to be the inner zone extending transversely to the flow direction of the duct element, in which there is a connection with the duct branch or which overlaps with the opening in the duct element. for the derivation. In the simplified example of a cylindrical conduit member, this means that the notch is disposed wholly or partially at the same height at which a recess for the conduit bypass is disposed. For example, the notch is disposed directly on the inner face of the duct element opposite the duct branch. This feature further discloses that the notch should not be located entirely above or below the conduit bypass.
    According to another advantageous modification of the invention, the notch is formed wholly or partially in an area adjacent to the conduit branch which, with respect to a reference line defined by the geometric center of gravity of the surface of the inner cross-section of the conduit member and the center of the recess of the conduit member for the conduit bypass (i.e. the conduit bypass opening in the cross-sectional area), has with a center of a notch an angle less than or equal to 75 °, preferably an angle less than or equal to 45 °, more preferably an angle less than or equal to 15 °. The center of the notch is also defined in the cross section view. Instead of taking the center of the notch, the angle can also be determined based on the lowest point of the notch (from the cross-sectional view).
    With this feature, the position of disposition of the notch relative to the recess of the conduit element, which defines the conduit bypass, is determined. In this context, a cross-sectional area of the duct element at the height of the recess for the shunt is used, a center of the cross-sectional area of the duct element for the flow of a fluid, In this cross-sectional view, in which is also determined the center of the cross-sectional area of the conduit member for the fluid conduit, is determined further to determine the proximity of the notch relative to the lead. the center of the recess of the conduit diversion. These two points (center of the cross sectional area of the conduit member for the fluid conduit and center of the recess which forms the branch) form a straight line from which an angle is measured which defines an area on the inner face of the duct element in which the notch is disposed wholly or partially. The angle is less than or equal to 75 °, preferably less than or equal to 45 °, more preferably less than or equal to 15 °. The provision of the notch within this zone near the conduit bypass provides a particularly effective reduction of tensions during the introduction of a fluid subjected to high pressure, since the notch is disposed in the vicinity of the conduit derivation.
    Preferably, the outer zone of the duct piece is an outer circumferential zone. Also preferably, the outer circumference zone provided with a plurality of irregular topological structures is the area of a conduit member for conducting a fluid from a first opening to a second opening, the conduit piece further comprising a conduit branch connected to a conduit member, a branch for conducting the fluid to a third opening, the conduit branch being also disposed in the circumferential zone.
    [0027] Therefore, the conduit piece includes a duct branch connected to a duct member, which is derived in a junction area of the duct member, the irregular topological structures appearing in the outer circumference area of the duct member. conduit element which is identical to the junction zone. Here is considered as junction area, the area of the conduit element that is connected to the conduit branch.
    As another feature improving the permanent use characteristics of a duct piece, is proposed to achieve an inner zone of the duct element compliant with the load using a digital optimization program , so that it comprises by this in its inner area a plurality of irregular topofogic structures.
    When geometric modifications are allowed inside the conduit part, it is advantageous that a modification of this topology is performed. Preferably, these modifications relate in particular to zones in which geometric discontinuities such as channel branches or intersection zones dominate. The realization of the transition zones between at least two basic structures focuses here on the reduction or derivation of mechanical stresses towards less stressed areas of the conduit part. This is done by means of a numerical optimization program with which the loading of the duct piece during the conveyance of a fluid under high pressure is simulated. From the results obtained from this, the arrangement of a plurality of irregular topological structures in the interior area of the conduit piece is apparent.
    [0030] Preferably, the inner zone is an inner circumference zone.
    After another optional modification of the conduit part, the latter comprises a conduit element for conducting a fluid from a first opening to a second opening and a conduit branch connected to the conduit element, to drive the fluid at a third opening. The conduit branch is derived from a junction area of the conduit element. The irregular topological structures appear in the inner circumferential zone which is identical to the outer junction zone of the conduit branch and the conduit element. Here, the topological structures focus on the area of the duct element that is exposed, due to duct derivation, to particular constraints when conveying a fluid under pressure.
    Typically, the embodiment of an additively manufactured duct piece is made by Selective Laser Melting, Selective Laser Sintering or Electron Beam Melting. In this case, the bottom material of the conduit piece is provided in granular or powder form and is liquefied with a laser or electron beam so that it meets with the adjacent granules also liquefied. By this, a first layer of the duct piece is created by additive manufacturing. In a next step, this first layer is reduced in height (by the value of its height) and is covered with granules. Then, there is a repetition of the previous steps so that, successively, several layers of heated pellets are joined to each other. It may be that when the completion of the additively manufactured duct piece is completed, the granules or powder still adhere, in edge areas, to functional surfaces. In addition, it results from this layered manufacture a duct piece having a high surface roughness.
    For this reason, it is advantageous for the particles of the gas flow used for smoothing to have an abrasive and / or compressive effect to render the erosion of the material homogeneous on the inside of the duct piece. This shortens the time during which the particle-laden gas stream must be conducted through the interior of the duct piece and cause the desired result to be achieved in a shorter time.
    According to another modification of this method, the particle-laden gas stream is conveyed in a zone of minimum flow velocity of the duct piece. For example, the conduit piece includes a conduit member for conducting a fluid from a first opening to a second opening and a conduit bypass connected to the conduit member for conducting the fluid to a third opening. The particle-laden gas is then introduced at the opening which, according to flow theory, has the lowest flow rate.
    Preferably, during the implementation of the method, the direction of the particle-laden gas flow is changed to improve the smoothing of the inner face of the duct piece. According to this characteristic, the direction of flow of the gas flow changes in the direction of evacuation of the gas flow and vice versa. With this, the collision zones of the particles contained in the gas flow are changed and a more efficient smoothing is obtained.
    For the treatment of a duct piece having more than one bypass, the individual flows of at least one opening to at least one other opening are to be established using a pressure difference.
    Other features and details of the invention will appear in the explanatory description which follows with reference to the accompanying drawings given by way of example and in which: - Figure 1 shows a piece of traditional duct according to l FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a duct piece according to the invention with a notch; FIG. 3 represents a sectional view of the duct piece according to the invention with a notch with an illustration of the forces acting upon the introduction of a pressurized fluid; FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the duct piece according to the invention with notch; FIG. 5 is a comparative representation of two pieces of duct to make recognizable the duct piece according to the invention which comprises a plurality of irregular topological structures in its outer zone, - the figure 6 is a comparative representation of two duct pieces to make recognizable the duct piece according to the invention which comprises a plurality of irregular topological structures in its inner area; FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a duct piece according to the invention; the invention during a smoothing of the inner face by a particle-laden gas flow, - Figure 8 shows a sectional view of a duct piece according to the invention during a smoothing of the inner face by a gas flow FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of a duct piece according to the invention during a pressurization which is beyond the elastic limit.
    Figure 1 shows a piece of traditional duct 10 which was made by additive manufacturing. The conduit member 1 of the conduit piece 10, which serves to conduct a fluid from an opening to a second opening and a conduit bypass 2, is recognized for conducting the fluid to a third opening. The basic shape of the duct element 1 substantially corresponds to a hollow cylinder which comprises in its lateral area a recess for the connection with the duct branch 2.
    Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a duct piece 10 according to the invention in which are visible the duct element 1, the conduit duct 2 and the notch 3. The notch 3 s' extends in a direction of flow of a fluid flowing in the conduit member from a first opening to a second opening. The notch 3 is located near a conduit bypass 2 and serves to reduce tensions that occur when introducing a medium subjected to pressure in the conduit piece 10. "h" means the length of the 3. The notch 3 corresponds in the figure to a recess having the shape of a vessel which corresponds to a portion of the outer surface of a cylinder, h being then the height of the cylinder. It is not necessary that the notch 3 has the shape of a divided cylinder along its axis of rotation. This is only one of several possible variants.
    Figure 3 shows an illustration of the image of Figure 2 to show the effects of efforts when it is allowed to flow into the conduit part 10 a medium subjected to pressure. It is recognized that areas of great effort (represented dark) appear in the area of the notch 3. By this, it is clear that the notch cash tensions and thus improves the characteristic of permanent use of the piece of conduit 10 In addition, there is shown a coordinate system starting from the axis of rotation of the substantially cylindrical duct element 1 by means of which the positioning of the notch 3 in the duct element 1 can be described.
    In Figure 4, we see a partial cross-sectional view of the duct element 1 which also comprises an opening zone of the duct piece 10 for the duct branch 2 from there. The figure represents only the upper half of the cross-sectional view, the lower half of the cross-sectional view being preferably symmetrical about a horizontal line.
    For the definition of a reference line 33, two points are determined in the cross-sectional view. One is the geometric center 31 of the inner cross-sectional area of the duct element 1 without taking into account the opening for duct derivation. The other is a center 32 between the two edge regions of the duct element 1, shown in the cross-sectional view and which define the transition zone to the duct branch. In the figure, the reference line 33 thus extends from the center 31 of the circular inner cross section of the duct element 1 towards the duct branch 2, so that the opening zone of the duct 1 The conduit element for the bypass is divided approximately in the middle. Starting from the geometric center 31 of the inner cross-sectional area, a connecting straight line 34 extending from the middle of the notch 3 to the geometric center 31 encloses an angle φ. As an alternative reference point, instead of the middle of the notch, one can also take the lowest point of the notch 3 in the cross-sectional view. This angle φ must advantageously be less than or equal to 75 °, preferably less than or equal to 45 ° and more preferably less than or equal to 15 °. The smaller the notch 3 is positioned near the duct branch 3, the better the forces occurring during pressurization of the duct piece 10 can be reduced.
    As the center of the cross sectional area of the duct element is considered, in the presence of an irregular shape, the geometric center of the cross-sectional area. In the illustrated example of a circular cross-sectional area of the duct member 1, this is the center of the circle on the axis of rotation of a cylindrical basic design.
    [0044] FIG. 5 shows another embodiment for improving the permanent use characteristics of a duct piece 10 on which a traditional duct piece is simultaneously seen in front of a duct piece 10 according to FIG. 'invention. The duct piece according to the invention comprises an outer zone which is made according to the load with the aid of a numerical optimization program. As a result of this numerical optimization, the conduit piece 10 includes a plurality of irregular topological structures in its outer zone.
    In the figure, it is recognized that the topological structures 4 of the duct element 1 are only present in an outer peripheral zone which corresponds to the zone of connection with the conduit bypass 2. That is, in other words, the topological structures 4 are arranged more particularly close to a bypass zone of the duct element 1. By this, it is possible to make the contours of the duct piece 10 conforming to the load. This procedure is particularly advantageous when the internal structures are subject to high geometric limitations and allow only minor topological modifications.
    FIG. 6 represents a comparison of two duct pieces made additively, one comprising an inner zone formed in the traditional manner and the other comprising an inner zone formed according to the invention.
    The left-hand representation represents the duct piece traditionally formed with the duct element 1 and the conduit duct 2. The right-hand representation of FIG. 6 represents the duct piece 10 according to the invention in which the duct The interior of the duct piece has been made according to the load with the aid of a numerical optimization program and comprises for this purpose in its inner zone a plurality of irregular topological structures. It is recognized that the inner peripheral zone in which the duct branch 2 starts from the duct element 1, is provided with topological structures 5. By these topological structures, the shape of which is predetermined by means of a program of numerical optimization, the conduit piece 10 has improved permanent use characteristics.
    [0048] Figure 7 shows a manufacturing step for the realization of a duct piece 10 which has a better surface quality and thus a better characteristic of permanent use. Here, a particle-laden gas stream is introduced into the additively-manufactured duct piece 10 which includes a duct member 1 and a conduit duct 2 derived therefrom. The conduit member 1 serves to conduct a fluid and includes a first opening and a second opening. From the duct element connecting the first opening to the second opening is derived a duct branch 2 which is connected to a third opening. In order to smooth the inner surface of the additively manufactured duct piece 1, one of the three openings is closed and at one of the other two openings a particle-laden gas stream is introduced. The flow of the particle-laden gas stream 6 is achieved by means of a pressure difference between the two openings. The particles 61 then move in the gas stream 6 from one of the openings to the other and collide with the inner walls of the duct piece 10. When the velocity is sufficiently high, the collision of the different particles with the inner area of the duct piece 10 leads to a smoothing of the inner area. In addition, granules or powder particles necessary for the additive manufacturing and possibly still adhering to the inner zone, are then removed, whereby an additional smoothing effect can be obtained.
    It is advantageous that the flow direction of the gas stream 6 charged with particles is variable with respect to its direction of flow. That is, the direction of introduction of the gas stream 6 is changed, so that the opening in which the particle-laden gas stream is introduced is then the opening through which the gas flow charged with particles is evacuated. Since, as a function of the insertion direction in the duct piece 10, the particles 61 collide with different zones of the inner zone, better smoothness of the inner zone is achieved and an even better characteristic of the inner zone is obtained. permanent use of the duct piece 10.
    FIG. 8 represents another alternative for the introduction of the particle-laden gas stream 6 in which none of the three openings of the duct piece 10 are closed. In this case, the gas stream 6 is introduced into one of the three openings and leaves the duct piece by the other two openings. Preferably, the conduit opening 2 is used as the introduction opening, whereby the particles 61 are discharged from the conduit piece 10 through the other two openings of the conduit element 1.
    It is advantageous to introduce the particle-laden gas stream 6 into the duct piece in a minimum flow velocity zone. In the figure, the gas flow is then preferably introduced by one of the two openings of the duct element 1 since, in this zone, the cross-sectional area of the duct element 1 is greater than that in the duct element 1. area of the opening of the duct branch 2.
    Another step for improving the permanent use characteristic of the duct piece is the introduction of clean pressure voltages into the duct piece 10 manufactured additively.
    FIG. 9 represents a duct element 1 provided with two openings, for conducting a fluid as well as a conduit bypass 2 which is derived from the duct element 1. After the additive manufacturing of the duct piece 10 two of the three openings are closed and a medium having a determined pressure is introduced into the duct piece 10 through the unclosed opening. The pressure of the medium introduced into the duct piece 10 is so high that, in an inner zone, it is greater than the elastic limit of the material of the duct piece 10. In this way, it is possible to generate in generatively manufactured fluid-conducting conduit parts, inherent pressure voltages that positively influence the permanent use characteristics.
    FIG. 9 furthermore represents an enlarged detail of a zone subjected, by the medium, to a pressure which is higher than the elastic limit of the material of the conduit part 10. The broken line 50 indicates the initial contour of the inner zone of the conduit part 10. The reference 51 indicates the inner zone after implementation of the step described above. Preferably, pressurizing the conduit piece 10 with a medium is performed in such a way that the material stress on the surface of the component facing the pressure is greater than the yield strength of the material. . Also preferably, the pressure range is to be chosen so that the surface of the component diverted from the pressure side is deformed substantially linearly elastically. By this, clean pressure pressures can be produced particularly effectively in additively manufactured conduit parts.
    All the embodiments described with reference to the drawings may be combined with each other with their respective characteristics or with a selection of their respective characteristics.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A method of manufacturing a conduit piece (10) for conducting a fluid, the conduit piece (10) comprising: a conduit member (1) for conducting a fluid from a first opening to a second opening and a duct branch (2) connected to the duct element (1), for conducting the fluid to a third opening, an outer zone of the duct piece (10) being made conform to the load with the aid of a numerical optimization program and comprising for it in its outer zone a plurality of irregular topoiogical structures (4), in the context of the manufacturing method being: a notch (3) made on the inner face of the duct element (1); ), which serves to reduce a voltage in a high-load state of the duct piece (10) or the duct member (1), leads, through the interior of the duct piece (10), a flow of gas charged with particles (6) to smooth the this interior of the duct piece (10) and / or subjected to a pressure constraint, the duct piece (10) to generate a plastic deformation on an inner face of the duct piece, the duct piece (10) being carried out additively by layer-coating a particulate material in a predetermined area on a base layer of the duct piece to be made and heating the layered particulate material with a heat source in such a manner that the particles bind together and / or with the base layer within the material in a predetermined size range.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    Method according to claim 1, the notch (3) extending substantially along a flow direction of the duct member (1) and / or substantially along the longitudinal direction of the duct element. leads (1).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the notch (3) being formed to extend substantially rectilinearly.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the notch (3) being formed substantially so that it has a shape corresponding to a portion of an outer surface of a cylinder, preferably a shape which occurs when a depression of a cylinder body in the inner face of the duct member (1).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the notch (3) being disposed partially or completely in an inner circumferential zone of the duct element (1) in which is also located the conduit duct (2) of the duct element (1).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the notch (3) being disposed wholly or partially in an area adjacent to the duct branch (2) which, with respect to the center of gravity of the inner cross-sectional area of the duct element (1) has an angle less than or equal to 75 °, preferably an angle less than or equal to 45 °, more preferably an angle less than or equal to 15 °, towards a center of an opening duct bypass in the cross sectional area.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the outer zone being an outer circumference zone.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    The method according to one of the preceding claims, the duct piece further comprising a duct branch (2) connected to a duct member (1), which is derived in a junction area of the duct member ( 1) and irregular topological structures (4) appearing in the outer circumferential zone which is identical to the junction zone.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, an inner zone of the duct element (1) being performed according to the load using a numerical optimization program and comprising thereby in its inner zone a plurality of irregular topological structures (5).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. The method of claim 9, the inner zone being a zone of inner circumference.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    The method of claim 10, further comprising a conduit branch (2) connected to the conduit element (1), which is derived from a junction zone of the conduit element (1), the structures irregular topological (5) appearing in the inner circumferential zone which is identical to the outer junction zone of the conduit branch (2) and the conduit element (1).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the particles (61) of the gas stream (6) having an abrasive effect and / or compressive.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the particle-laden gas stream (6) being conveyed in a zone of minimum flow velocity of the duct piece (10).
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the direction of the gas flow (6) charged with particles being changed, preferably, the direction of flow of gas flow (6) changing in the direction of evacuation of the flow of gas. gas.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, the pressure stress on an inner face of the duct piece (10) being greater than the elastic limit of the material of the duct piece (10).
    [16" id="c-fr-0016]
    16. The method of claim 15, the pressure stress being implemented by the introduction of a medium in the duct piece (10).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US10441989B2|2019-10-15|
    DE102015009153A1|2017-01-19|
    US20170014887A1|2017-01-19|
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    法律状态:
    2017-07-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
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    2021-07-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-10-29| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20211029 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015009153.0A|DE102015009153A1|2015-07-14|2015-07-14|Manufacturing method of a line component|
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