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    • 专利摘要:
    A method of hydriding an intermetallic compound comprising the following successive steps: - providing a first reservoir (1) containing a first intermetallic compound (A), the first intermetallic compound (A) being at least partially hydrolyzed, the first reservoir (1) ) being at a first pressure (P1), - providing a second reservoir (2) containing a second intermetallic compound (B), at least a part of the second intermetallic compound (B) not being hydrided, the first intermetallic compound (A) ) being different from the second intermetallic compound (B), the first pressure (P1) being greater than the desorption pressure of the first hydrided intermetallic compound (A), the desorption pressure of the first intermetallic compound (A) being greater than the pressure of absorbing the second intermetallic compound (B), - connecting the first reservoir (1) with the second reservoir (2), so as to transfer hydrogen from the first reservoir (1) to the second reservoir (2), and to hydride the second intermetallic compound (B), the first reservoir (1) and the second reservoir (2) being in thermal contact during the hydriding step.
    公开号:FR3037942A1
    申请号:FR1555984
    申请日:2015-06-26
    公开日:2016-12-30
    发明作者:Vincent Faucheux；Philippe Capron；Jerome Delmas；Jessica Thery
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Process for hydriding an intermetallic compound and a hydriding device
    [0002] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a process for hydriding an intermetallic compound and to a device for hydriding an intermetallic compound almost instantaneously. STATE OF THE ART In the field of hydrogen fuel cells, various hydrogen storage means exist: storage under pressure, storage in chemical hydrides and storage in metal hydrides. For public applications, it is not allowed to transport or store hydrogen cylinders under pressure. Research has therefore turned to chemical and metal hydrides. Chemical hydrides have high hydrogen storage capacities but they are single-use. For portable applications of low power (power less than 1000W), metal hydrides are the best candidates: hydrogen is stored at low pressure, at a temperature close to ambient temperature, the storage method does not require compression high energy densities can be achieved. The formation of a metal hydride is a reversible process. The metal hydride is obtained by the absorption reaction of hydrogen in an intermetallic compound. This reaction is accompanied by a release of heat (exothermic reaction). When desorbing hydrogen, a greater or equal amount of energy is required (endothermic reaction). The thermodynamic properties of a hydride are shown in FIG. 15 (pressure-composition-temperature equilibrium diagram). The variation of the pressure is expressed as a function of the quantity of hydrogen absorbed by the hydride at a given temperature (T1, T2, T3, T4). For a given temperature, for example T1 in FIG. 1, an ideal equilibrium curve can be divided into three distinct parts: a first ascending branch corresponding to the dissolution of the hydrogen atoms in the intermetallic compound so as to form a solid solution (phase a). Two chemical species are present, hydrogen and the intermetallic compound, as well as two phases: a gas and a solid. The pressure varies depending on the hydrogen composition to a maximum amax composition. - an equilibrium plateau corresponding to the coexistence of two phases (a and [3) until the total consumption of phase a. Phase [3 is the hydrided intermetallic compound (hydride phase). Phase [3 begins to form after the hydrogen saturation of phase a. If the quantity of hydrogen in the system is increased, a pressure level is observed until the solid solution a disappears. The pressure corresponding to this plateau is called hydride balance pressure or plateau pressure and the plateau width indicates the number of hydrogen atoms that can be stored reversibly without pressure variation. a second ascending branch which corresponds to the dissolution of the hydrogen atoms in the hydride phase with a minimum composition [3 min. The pressure increases depending on the hydrogen composition.
    [0003] The equilibrium pressure of the hydride increases with temperature and the plateau width decreases to a critical temperature Tc. Since the absorption reaction is reversible, a decrease in pressure leads to desorption of hydrogen. Figure 2 shows the actual behavior of an intermetallic compound subjected to a certain hydrogen pressure. P abs is the absorption pressure and Pilés is the desorption pressure of the hydride. A hysteresis phenomenon is observed for most intermetallic compounds: on the one hand the absorption and desorption curves are not superimposed and, on the other hand, the equilibrium plates are not at constant pressure, they vary slightly with pressure. Hysteresis is related to energy dissipation.
    [0004] During absorption, the process is particularly limited by the ability of the hydride to evacuate the heat of reaction. In the same way, the hydrogen desorption reaction is an endothermic reaction whose kinetics is limited by the hydride's ability to absorb heat from outside.
    [0005] In order to improve the heat transfer, and thus promote the absorption / desorption kinetics, various solutions have been proposed. Absorption / desorption reactions between a gas and metal salts can be promoted by adding tubes containing coolant and thermally conductive fins in the tank containing the metal salts (WO 94/11685). During the desorption phase, the tubes can be traversed by a hot fluid to facilitate the endothermic desorption reaction. The use of thermally conductive metal or carbon matrices arranged in the volume of a metal hydride has also been disclosed in US 2014/0076743 and US 2011/0111954 to promote the absorption / desorption of hydrogen. In the case of hydride particles, these may be partially covered by a metal coating (US 2011/0165061), the coating 5 forms a thermally conductive three-dimensional network. In CA 2049022, it is proposed to use a reaction chamber having porous walls and being movable to restrict the volume expansion of a solid reagent during the absorption of a gas, and thus reduce its porosity . The fins may be disposed around a tube containing a coolant disposed in the center of the reaction chamber. This device makes it possible to obtain a solid material having a high thermal conductivity and an adequate porosity for diffusion or transfer of gas. Absorption kinetics are optimized. A final solution, to increase the kinetics of hydrogen uptake by a metal hydride, is to add in the reaction chamber, in addition to a thermally conductive matrix, a heat-recovery material (phase-change material). in contact with the metal hydride. This material is able to absorb the heat produced during the absorption of hydrogen and to restore this heat during the desorption of hydrogen (FR 2 939 784). However, a part of the reaction chamber is taken for the heat transfer tubes, fins or phase change materials, which decreases the storage capacity of the device.
    [0006] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and, in particular, to propose a hydriding method making it possible to very rapidly recharge an intermetallic compound with hydrogen.
    [0007] This object is achieved by a process for hydriding an intermetallic compound comprising the following successive steps: providing a first reservoir containing a first intermetallic compound, the first intermetallic compound being at least partially hydrolyzed, the first reservoir being a first pressure, - providing a second reservoir containing a second intermetallic compound, at least a portion of the second intermetallic compound not being hydrided, the first intermetallic compound being different from the second intermetallic compound, the first pressure being greater than the pressure of desorption of the first hydrided intermetallic compound, the desorption pressure of the first intermetallic compound being greater than the absorption pressure of the second intermetallic compound, - connecting the first reservoir with the second reservoir, so as to transfer hydrogen from the first reservoir to the second reservoir, and to hydride the second intermetallic compound, the first reservoir and the second reservoir being in thermal contact during the hydriding step.
    [0008] This object is also achieved by a device for hydriding an intermetallic compound comprising: a first reservoir containing a first intermetallic compound, the first intermetallic compound being at least partially hydrolyzed; a second reservoir containing a second intermetallic compound, at least part of the second intermetallic compound not being hydrided, the first intermetallic compound being different from the second intermetallic compound, the desorption pressure of the first intermetallic compound being greater than the absorption pressure of the second intermetallic compound, the first tank and the second tank being configured to be connected to each other, so as to transfer hydrogen from the first tank to the second tank, the first tank and the second tank being configured to be in contact with each other; thermal when connected s. Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of nonlimiting example and represented in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents an ideal equilibrium diagram of an intermetallic compound subjected to a certain hydrogen pressure for different temperatures; FIG. 2 represents a real equilibrium diagram of an intermetallic compound subjected to a hydrogen pressure. FIG. 3 represents a block diagram describing an embodiment of the invention; FIGS. 4 and 5 represent two tanks containing metal hydrides according to various embodiments of the invention; FIGS. represent a reservoir containing a metal hydride and a fuel cell according to different embodiments of the invention, 25 - 1 FIG. 9 represents the pressure as a function of the hydrogen concentration for the LaCaMgNi9 material. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION As illustrated in FIG. 3, the hydriding of an intermetallic compound is carried out via another pre-hydrided intermetallic compound.
    [0009] More particularly, the hydriding process comprises the following successive steps: providing a first reservoir 1 containing a first intermetallic compound A, the intermetallic compound being at least partially hydrolyzed, the first reservoir 1 being at a first pressure P1, the first reservoir 1 being advantageously provided with at least one flow means configured to allow evacuation and / or introduction of gas, - to provide a second reservoir 2 containing a second intermetallic compound B, at least a part of the second compound intermetallic B being not hydrided, the second tank 2 being at a second pressure P2, the second tank 2 being advantageously provided with at least one flow means configured to allow evacuation and / or introduction connecting the first tank 1 with the second tank 2, preferably by connecting the first flow means with the second tank means in order to transfer the hydrogen from the first tank 1 to the second tank 2, and to hydride the second intermetallic compound B. The first intermetallic compound A is at least partially hydrolyzed, i.e. Hydrogen has already been absorbed on the first intermetallic compound A.
    [0010] The transfer of hydrogen from the tank 1 to the tank 2 can be done regardless of the level of hydriding. Advantageously, the tank 1 will contain sufficient hydrogen so as to obtain sufficient hydriding of the second intermetallic compound B for the intended applications. Preferably, the first intermetallic compound A is completely hydrided, before the step of hydriding the intermetallic compound of the second reservoir 2. By completely, it is meant that at least 95% by weight of the compound is hydrided. Preferably, the whole phase has disappeared. Subsequently the hydrided intermetallic compound may also be referred to as metal hydride. Hydrogen is stored in the metal hydride. The second reservoir 2 contains a second intermetallic compound B. Preferably, the first intermetallic compound A is different from the second intermetallic compound B. The second intermetallic compound B is at least partially non-hydrided, that is to say that hydrogen may be adsorbed on the second intermetallic compound B. Preferably, the second intermetallic compound B is not hydrolyzed before the hydriding step with the hydrogen stored in the first reservoir 1. Par is not hydrolyzed, it is meant that the compound is not or very little hydrolyzed: less than 5% by weight of the intermetallic compound is hydrided. The desorption pressure P - desA of the first intermetallic hydride compound 20 is greater than the absorption pressure P - absB of the second intermetallic compound B at a given temperature P: - - absB <PdesA- The pressure P1 is greater than the pressure desorption P - desA of the first hydrided intermetallic compound A. The pressure P1 of the first reservoir 1 is greater than the pressure P2 of the second reservoir 2. The pressures P1 and P2 are preferably greater than or equal to 1 bar and lower or equal to 50 bars. When the second tank 2 is connected to the first tank 1, the hydrogen 30 can be transferred from the first tank 1 to the second tank 2. Hydrogen is hydrogen or dihydrogen.
    [0011] The pressures P1 and P2 will equilibrate to an intermediate pressure located between P1 and P2. Hydrogen transfer from the first tank 1 to the second tank 2 can be done through a valve.
    [0012] Preferably, the first reservoir 1 and the second reservoir 2 are in thermal contact during the hydriding step. The thermal contact between the two tanks can be achieved using a thermally conductive material, which can be arranged between the tanks.
    [0013] Thermal contact between the two reservoirs promotes desorption and absorption reactions. The thermal contact between the two reservoirs makes it possible to transfer hydrogen almost instantaneously from the first reservoir 1 to the second reservoir 2, the endothermicity of the desorption of the metal hydride being compensated by the exothermicity of the absorption of the hydrogen by the second intermetallic compound B. The hydriding of the intermetallic compound of the second reservoir 2 is almost instantaneous. Preferably, the first 1 and the second 2 tanks are both in thermal contact and in physical contact, i.e. the walls of the two tanks 1, 2 touch, are in contact. According to a preferred embodiment, the first reservoir 1 and the second reservoir 2 have complementary shapes, the second reservoir 2 being able to fit into the first reservoir 1. The contact surfaces between the two reservoirs are increased and the heat exchanges favored. Alternatively, the second reservoir 2 could fit around the first reservoir 1. According to a particular embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 4, the first reservoir 1 has a cylinder shape, the cylinder comprising at least one cylindrical shape along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, the second reservoir 3037942 10 2 having a cylindrical shape complementary to that of the hole of the first reservoir 1. According to another particular embodiment, and as shown in Figure 5, the first reservoir 1 comprises several holes of cylindrical shape, 5 arranged parallel to each other, so as to be able to embed several second tanks 2, 2a, 2b, 2c in the first tank 1. The holes may be through or blind. The intermetallic compounds of the different tanks 2, 2a, 2b, 2c embedded in the first tank 1 may be identical in nature or of different natures. Each of the tanks 2, 2a, 2b and 2c advantageously have a flow means allowing the introduction of gas, said flow means being connectable to the first tank 1 to allow the introduction of hydrogen. The cylindrical shapes provide large contact areas and are easy to make and handle. Reservoirs of planar, parallelepipedic, U-shaped or having a more complex shape can be envisaged. In an advantageous embodiment, the first reservoir is formed by a first envelope which contains the first intermetallic compound A. The second reservoir is formed by a second envelope containing the intermetallic compound B. Preferably, the first and the second envelope are in thermally conductive material and in contact with the intermetallic compounds they contain to facilitate thermal conduction.
    [0014] Preferably, the inner surface of the first reservoir 1 and the outer surface of the second reservoir 2 are made of thermally conductive material to maximize heat exchange between the two reservoirs. It can be a metal or a metal alloy.
    [0015] The inner surface of the first reservoir 1 corresponds to the surface that can be in contact with the second reservoir 2 when the two reservoirs are recessed. The outer surface of the second reservoir 2 is the surface that can be in contact with the first reservoir 1. It is the same in the configuration where the first reservoir 1 fits into the second reservoir 2.
    [0016] 5 Different types of tank may be listed: - "type I": all-metal tank, - "type II": metal tank with a hoop, for example of glass fiber, - "types III": tank made of composite material, for example fiberglass and / or carbon fibers having an inner lining (tank 1) or outer lining (tank 2), metal, such as aluminum or iron for example; the coating serves as a barrier to hydrogen, which advantageously makes it possible to avoid leaks, in addition to promoting heat exchange, 15 - "IV types": tank of composite material, mainly of carbon fibers, the coating is made of polymer - essentially thermoplastic polyethylene or polyamide type. The coating, also called liner, advantageously promotes the introduction of the second tank 2 into the first tank 1. As shown in the block diagram of FIG. 1, it is possible to connect the first tank 1 to an electrolyser to charge it. in hydrogen. It can be connected to any other source of hydrogen.
    [0017] Hydrogen is generated by electrolysis of the water. The electrolyser can be connected to the mains or any electric generator. A filter may be placed between the electrolyser and the first reservoir 1 to trap the moisture present in the hydrogen generated by the electrolyser. As the humidity decreases, the absorption and desorption kinetics of the metal hydrides, the presence of the filter improves the absorption / desorption kinetics. The filter can contain any type of desiccant, such as a silica gel, a molecular sieve, activated alumina ... The water reservoir required for electrolysis can be filled artificially or by condensation of water present in the atmosphere, for example by means of a Peltier effect device itself connected to an electric generator. Preferably, the second tank 2 is a removable tank. Removable means that the tank is a portable tank, that it can be moved and disengaged from the first tank 1.
    [0018] After the hydriding step, the second tank 2, charged with hydrogen, is separated from the first tank 1 and can be connected to a device requiring a source of hydrogen 3 for its operation. The second tank 2 is capable of supplying dihydrogen to said device.
    [0019] The device requiring a hydrogen source 3 is, for example, a fuel cell. According to another alternative, it could be a catalyst type thermo-element whose role is to generate electricity from a heat gradient between a hot source and a cold source. In this case, the hydrogen released by the second tank 2 reacts on the catalytic system with the oxygen of the air (catalytic combustion) to generate heat at the hot source, the cold source being for example placed at the air temperature. This thermal gradient between the hot source and the cold source of the thermoelement will allow it to create an electric current.
    [0020] The hot source is derived from the catalytic combustion of hydrogen and oxygen in air on a platinum type catalyst. The cold source can be connected to the ambient air via a heat sink (radiator type). The thermoelement may be Bi2Te3 or SiGe.
    [0021] According to a particular embodiment, the device requiring a source of hydrogen 3 has the same shape as the first reservoir 1. The second reservoir 2 can be embedded in the device as shown in FIG. Embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 7, the device requiring a hydrogen source 3 is a cylinder having the same section as the section of the second reservoir 2. The two elements are placed end to end. According to another embodiment, the device requiring the hydrogen source 3 is planar. For example, it is a planar stack. The fuel cell is recharged with hydrogen via the use of a hollow cylinder (FIG. 8), thereby recharging a planar element while maximizing heat exchange. The operating sequence, from the generation of hydrogen by the electrolyser to the supply of the device requiring a hydrogen source 3 is: 1) Connection of the first reservoir 1 to the electrolyser so as to allow the introduction of hydrogen into the first reservoir 1 and hydriding of the first intermetallic compound A. 2) Generation of hydrogen by electrolysis of water. 3) Storing hydrogen in the first tank 1 containing the first intermetallic compound A, at pressure P1, preferably until total hydriding of the first intermetallic compound A. 4) Stopping the electrolyser. 5) Connecting the first tank 1 containing the hydrided intermetallic compound to the second tank 2 containing the second intermetallic compound B to be hydrolyzed so as to evacuate the hydrogen from the first tank 1 and to introduce it and store it in the second tank 2 Both tanks are in thermal contact. The flow means 30 of the first and second tanks 2 are open.
    [0022] The transfer of the hydrogen present in the first intermetallic compound A to the second intermetallic compound B is almost instantaneous. The transfer takes place at a pressure PdesA corresponding to the desorption pressure of the hydrogen of the first hydride compound. The hydrogen desorption pressure of the ΔP is lower than the hydrogen absorption pressure of the same PabsA material. P The absorption pressure PabsB P of the hydrogen by the second intermetallic compound B is such that P-absB <PdesA- 6) Disconnection of the second tank 2. 10 7) Connection of the second tank 2 to a battery fuel or any other system requiring to be fed with hydrogen: desorption of hydrogen at a pressure of Bp P <- absB- The second tank 2 and the system requiring to be supplied with hydrogen form a portable device, easily movable and secure .
    [0023] The flow means of the first tank 1, configured to allow evacuation and / or introduction of gas, can be used to fill the first tank 1 with hydrogen (connection with the electrolyser) and to evacuate the hydrogen to the second tank 2. Once the intermetallic compound has hydrided, the first tank 1 can be disconnected from the electrolyser and connected to the second tank 2 by the same flow means. According to a preferred embodiment, the electrolyzer and the first reservoir 1 are integral: they form a stationary device. This fixed station allows the hydrogen charging of portable tanks. In this embodiment, the first reservoir 1 comprises two flow means. The first flow means remains connected to the electrolyzer and is configured to allow the transfer of hydrogen from the electrolyzer to the first reservoir 1.
    [0024] The second flow means may be connected to the second reservoir 2. The second means is configured to allow the transfer of hydrogen from the first reservoir 1 to the second reservoir 2.
    [0025] The second tank 2 may also have two flow means, one for introducing hydrogen and the other for removing hydrogen. Preferably, the second reservoir 2 comprises a single flow means. The transfer of hydrogen from the second to the fuel cell is achieved via the same flow means as that used for the introduction of hydrogen. The first intermetallic compound A and the second intermetallic compound B contained in the first and second reservoirs 2 can reversibly absorb and desorb hydrogen. Reversible means that the hydrogen absorbed by the intermetallic compounds can be completely desorbed or almost completely, i.e., with low hysteresis. They are chosen according to the intended application. In particular, they are chosen by those skilled in the art depending on the amount of hydrogen to be stored, the absorption temperature, the absorption / desorption pressure.
    [0026] The intermetallic compounds are formed generally, but not exclusively, of a binary alloy which may be represented by the general formula ABn with: - A, an electropositive chemical element capable of forming stable hydrides; B - a chemical element not forming a stable hydride; and - n, a number which may be equal to 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. It may be the following materials: AB '/ 2: Mg 2 Ni, Mg 2 CO, Zr 2 Fe AB: TiFe, ZrNi, TiNi A B2 N 2, ZrV 2, YNi 2, M n 2, ZrCr 2, Zr M n 2, TM n 2 3037942 16 AB3: LnCo3, YNi3, LaMg2Ni9 AB5: LaNi5, LaCu5, LaCo5, LaPt5 These binary materials can be substituted by an element B 'if necessary, in order to modulate their physicochemical properties, to form pseudo-binary compounds of general formula: A (131-x131x) n. According to a particular embodiment, the intermetallic compound of the first reservoir 1 and / or the second reservoir 2 may be in contact with a thermally conductive matrix 10 to promote heat exchange. The thermally conductive matrix may be metal, carbon or made from a metal alloy. According to another particular embodiment, the intermetallic compound of the first reservoir 1 and / or the second reservoir 2 may be in contact with a polymer matrix to limit the volume expansion of the material during the absorption cycle. The polymer matrix may be polyvinylidene fluoride (kynar®) or polyethylene. The polymer matrix is between 4% and 10% by weight of the intermetallic compound. The polymer matrix makes it possible to maintain the mechanical integrity of the device, and in particular the mechanical cohesion of the material. In order to facilitate the exchange of heat flux between the two tanks, it is possible to add a heating mat around one or both tanks, to use a Peltier element around or on one of the faces of the tank. one or both tanks. It is also possible to add a fan. Oversizing the amount of the first intermetallic compound A relative to the second intermetallic compound B, associated with the burning of excess hydrogen, from the first reservoir 1, on a heat created catalyst, available to promote the hydriding the second intermetallic compound B. The heat flux upon hydrogen desorption of the first intermetallic compound A is generally not offset by the heat flux upon absorption of the hydrogen on the second intermetallic compound B. These different embodiments make it possible to compensate for this difference. They can be made alone or in combination.
    [0027] The device for hydriding an intermetallic compound comprises: a first reservoir 1 containing a first intermetallic compound A, the first reservoir 1 being advantageously provided with at least one flow means configured to authorize the evacuation and or the introduction of gas, a second reservoir 2 containing a second intermetallic compound B, at least a portion of the second intermetallic compound B not being hydrided, the second reservoir 2 being advantageously provided with at least one flow means configured to allow evacuation and / or introduction of gas. The first intermetallic compound A is different from the second intermetallic compound B. The desorption pressure of the first intermetallic compound A is greater than the absorption pressure of the second intermetallic compound B. The flow means of the first reservoir 1 can be connected and disconnected from the flow means of the second tank 2.
    [0028] The first reservoir 1 and the second reservoir 2 are configured to be in thermal contact when connected via the flow means. The process will now be described by means of the following example given by way of illustration and not limitation.
    [0029] 3037942 18 Sizing the electrolyser To manufacture 1 mole of hydrogen (25L corresponding to 30Wh electric output of fuel cell, the equivalent of 4 or 5 charges of a smartphone or "smartphone") in 1 hour, and taking into account a conventional current density of 2 A / cm 2 across an electrolyser, an area of 30 cm 2 of electrolyser is sufficient. The 30 cm 2 surface can be decomposed between N surface electrolysers 30 / N cm2 (N 1 to 30). The hydrogen produced by the electrolyser with a Nafion® type membrane can reach a pressure of several hundred bar. Nevertheless, for safety aspects, it is preferable to limit the output of the electrolyser P output by a few tens of bar. Sizing of the intermetallic compound A The intermetallic compound of the first reservoir 1 is chosen so that the absorption of the hydrogen takes place at a pressure PabsA, such that PabsA = Psortie- The intermetallic compound may be a compound of the type AB3 such as LaCamid9. The associated hydride is LaCaMgNi9H13.2 whose absorption pressure is 30 bar at room temperature and the desorption pressure is 3 bar (Figure 9). The amount of hydrogen that can be stored is about 1.75% by weight. To store 1 mole of hydrogen, or 2 g, it takes about 115g of material, or 20 cm3, taking into account the density of this material.
    [0030] Sizing of intermetallic compound B The intermetallic compound is LaNi5. The hydride associated is LaNi5H6.7 whose absorption pressure P - absB is 1.7 bar at room temperature. The amount of hydrogen that can be stored is about 1.5% by weight. In order to store 1 mole of hydrogen, approximately 135 g of material is required, ie 17 cm 3, taking into account the density of this material.
    [0031] The process makes it possible to very quickly recharge an intermetallic compound with hydrogen for domestic applications. The storage device is particularly suitable for portable fuel cells with a power of less than 1000W. The process is advantageously carried out at room temperature. By ambient temperature is meant a temperature of the order of 20-25 ° C. However, the use of such a device for civil applications can be done in the temperature range between -20 ° C and + 70 ° C. 10
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of hydriding an intermetallic compound comprising the following successive steps: - providing a first reservoir (1) containing a first intermetallic compound (A), the first intermetallic compound (A) being at least partially hydrolyzed, the first reservoir (1) ) being at a first pressure (P1), - providing a second reservoir (2) containing a second intermetallic compound (B), at least a part of the second intermetallic compound (B) not being hydrided, the first intermetallic compound ( A) being different from the second intermetallic compound (B), the first pressure (P1) being greater than the desorption pressure of the first hydrided intermetallic compound (A), the desorption pressure of the first hydrided intermetallic compound (A) being greater than the absorption pressure of the second intermetallic compound (B), - connect the first reservoir (1) with the second reservoir (2), so as to transfer the hydrogen from the first reservoir (1) to the second reservoir (2), and to hydride the second intermetallic compound (B), the first reservoir (1) and the second reservoir (2) being in thermal contact during the step hydriding.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first reservoir (1) and the second reservoir (2) are in physical contact during the hydriding step.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first reservoir (1) and the second reservoir (2) have complementary shapes, the second reservoir (2) can be embedded in the first reservoir (1). 3037942 21
    [0004]
    4. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first reservoir (1) has a cylinder shape, the cylinder comprising at least one hole of cylindrical shape along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, the second reservoir (2) having a cylindrical shape complementary to that of the hole of the first tank (1).
    [0005]
    5. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first reservoir (1) comprises a plurality of cylindrical holes, arranged parallel to each other, so as to be able to embed several second tanks (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) in the first tank (1).
    [0006]
    6. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the inner surface of the first reservoir 1 and the outer surface of the second reservoir 2 are of thermally conductive material.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first reservoir (1) is connected to an electrolyzer, so as to allow hydriding of the first intermetallic compound before the hydriding step.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the electrolyser and the first reservoir (1) are integral, the first reservoir (1) being provided with two flow means, the first flow means being configured to allow the transfer hydrogen from the electrolyser to the first reservoir (1) and the second flow means being configured to allow the transfer of hydrogen from the first reservoir 1 to the second reservoir (2).
    [0009]
    9. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of hydrogen which can be absorbed by the intermetallic compound of the first reservoir 1 is greater than or equal to the amount of hydrogen which can be absorbed by the intermetallic compound of the second tank (2).
    [0010]
    10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second reservoir (2) is a removable reservoir and in that, after the hydriding step, the second reservoir (2) is separated from the first tank (1).
    [0011]
    11. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the second reservoir (2) is connected to a device requiring a source of hydrogen (3) for its operation, after being disconnected from the first reservoir
    [0012]
    12. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the device requiring a hydrogen source 3 is a fuel cell.
    [0013]
    13. Method according to one of claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the device requiring a hydrogen source (3) has the same shape as the first reservoir (1).
    [0014]
    14. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first intermetallic compound and the second intermetallic compound contained in the first (1) and second (2) reservoirs can absorb and desorb hydrogen in a reversible manner.
    [0015]
    15. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first intermetallic compound is completely hydrided before the hydriding step of the second intermetallic compound.
    [0016]
    16. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, prior to the hydriding step of the second intermetallic compound, less than 5% by weight of the second intermetallic compound is hydrided.
    [0017]
    17. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressures P1 and P2 are between 1 bar and 50 bar.
    [0018]
    18. A device for hydriding an intermetallic compound comprising: a first reservoir (1) containing a first intermetallic compound (A), the first intermetallic compound (A) being at least partially hydrolyzed; a second reservoir (2) containing a second intermetallic compound (B), at least a portion of the second intermetallic compound (B) not being hydrided, the first intermetallic compound (A) being different from the second intermetallic compound (B), the desorption pressure of the first an intermetallic compound (A) being greater than the absorption pressure of the second intermetallic compound (B), the first reservoir (1) and the second reservoir (2) being configured to be connected to one another, transferring hydrogen from the first tank (1) to the second tank (2), the first tank (1) and the second tank (2) being configured to be in thermal contact when they are connected.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3037942B1|2020-07-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2321668A1|1975-08-19|1977-03-18|Us Energy|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ACCUMULATING THERMAL ENERGY|
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    WO2018154051A1|2017-02-24|2018-08-30|Aaqius & Aaqius Sa|Device for storing hydrogen|
    WO2018154050A1|2017-02-24|2018-08-30|Aaqius & Aaqius Sa|Hydrogen storage and supply system|
    CN110546424A|2017-02-24|2019-12-06|阿奎斯&阿奎斯股份有限公司|Hydrogen utilization/generation system including pressure-stabilizing adsorbent material|
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    优先权:
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    FR1555984A|FR3037942B1|2015-06-26|2015-06-26|HYDRURATION PROCESS OF AN INTERMETAL COMPOUND AND HYDRURATION DEVICE|FR1555984A| FR3037942B1|2015-06-26|2015-06-26|HYDRURATION PROCESS OF AN INTERMETAL COMPOUND AND HYDRURATION DEVICE|
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